Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00456-1
Jean-Baptiste Fournier
The pointlike curvature constraint (PCC) model and the disk detachment angle (DDA) model for the deformation-mediated interaction of conical integral protein inclusions in biomembranes are compared in the small deformation regime. Given the radius of membrane proteins, which is comparable to the membrane thickness, it is not obvious which of the two models should be considered the most adequate. For two proteins in a tensionless membranes, the PCC and DDA models coincide at the leading-order (sim r^{-4}) in their separation but differ at the next order. Yet, for distances larger than twice the proteins diameter, the difference is less than (10%). Like the DDA model, the PCC model includes all multibody interactions in a non-approximate way. The asymptotic (sim r^{-4}) many-body energy of triangular and square protein clusters is exactly the same in both models. Pentagonal clusters, however, behave differently; they have a vanishing energy in the PCC model, while they have a non-vanishing weaker (sim r^{-6}) asymptotic power law in the DDA model. We quantify the importance of multibody interactions in small polygonal clusters of three, four and five inclusions with identical or opposite curvatures in tensionless or tense membranes. We find that the pairwise approximation is almost always very poor. At short separation, the three-body interaction is not sufficient to account for the full many-body interaction. This is confirmed by equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations of up to ten inclusions.
{"title":"Multibody interactions between protein inclusions in the pointlike curvature model for tense and tensionless membranes","authors":"Jean-Baptiste Fournier","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00456-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00456-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pointlike curvature constraint (PCC) model and the disk detachment angle (DDA) model for the deformation-mediated interaction of conical integral protein inclusions in biomembranes are compared in the small deformation regime. Given the radius of membrane proteins, which is comparable to the membrane thickness, it is not obvious which of the two models should be considered the most adequate. For two proteins in a tensionless membranes, the PCC and DDA models coincide at the leading-order <span>(sim r^{-4})</span> in their separation but differ at the next order. Yet, for distances larger than twice the proteins diameter, the difference is less than <span>(10%)</span>. Like the DDA model, the PCC model includes all multibody interactions in a non-approximate way. The asymptotic <span>(sim r^{-4})</span> many-body energy of triangular and square protein clusters is exactly the same in both models. Pentagonal clusters, however, behave differently; they have a vanishing energy in the PCC model, while they have a non-vanishing weaker <span>(sim r^{-6})</span> asymptotic power law in the DDA model. We quantify the importance of multibody interactions in small polygonal clusters of three, four and five inclusions with identical or opposite curvatures in tensionless or tense membranes. We find that the pairwise approximation is almost always very poor. At short separation, the three-body interaction is not sufficient to account for the full many-body interaction. This is confirmed by equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations of up to ten inclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00796-z
Rafael B. Frigori
Growing evidence from population studies and clinical observations strongly suggests a complex connection between major proteinopathies, to know, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). People with T2D face a significantly higher risk of developing AD compared to those without diabetes. These two conditions share several key features, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and the buildup of certain proteins known as beta-amyloid (A(upbeta )42) and pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin). In AD, the brain develops characteristic senile plaques mainly composed of A(upbeta )42. Similarly, in individuals with T2D, the pancreas shows deposits of a protein called human amylin (hIAPP). The accumulation of these aggregated proteins in both the brain and pancreas has been associated with impaired cell function and even cell death. To gain molecular insight in the outset of such complex scenario, we perform microcanonical thermostatistics analysis of Monte Carlo simulations of A(upbeta )42 cross-seeded by hIAPP, or its biotechnological therapeutic analogous as Pramlintide. We find that while A(upbeta )42 is quite prone to cross-seed with hIAPP, and then to aggregate around that critical nuclei, this can be abolished for some of its analogues, which may possibly lead to alternative therapeutic approaches to T2D and AD.
{"title":"Insights from microcanonical thermostatistics into amylin analogues and amyloid-({upbeta }) cross-seeding","authors":"Rafael B. Frigori","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00796-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00796-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing evidence from population studies and clinical observations strongly suggests a complex connection between major proteinopathies, to know, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). People with T2D face a significantly higher risk of developing AD compared to those without diabetes. These two conditions share several key features, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and the buildup of certain proteins known as beta-amyloid (A<span>(upbeta )</span>42) and pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin). In AD, the brain develops characteristic senile plaques mainly composed of A<span>(upbeta )</span>42. Similarly, in individuals with T2D, the pancreas shows deposits of a protein called human amylin (hIAPP). The accumulation of these aggregated proteins in both the brain and pancreas has been associated with impaired cell function and even cell death. To gain molecular insight in the outset of such complex scenario, we perform microcanonical thermostatistics analysis of Monte Carlo simulations of A<span>(upbeta )</span>42 cross-seeded by hIAPP, or its biotechnological therapeutic analogous as Pramlintide. We find that while A<span>(upbeta )</span>42 is quite prone to cross-seed with hIAPP, and then to aggregate around that critical nuclei, this can be abolished for some of its analogues, which may possibly lead to alternative therapeutic approaches to T2D and AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-contact optical temperature sensing technology, particularly based on the fluorescence intensity ratio principle of the thermally coupled energy levels of Er3+, has emerged as a prominent area of research for upconversion luminescent materials in temperature detection. To advance the development of novel upconversion luminescent materials for optical temperature sensing, an upconversion phosphor, GdScO3:Yb3+/Er3+, with low phonon energy, was synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure, maximum phonon energy, and elemental distribution of the sample were characterized through powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The upconversion emission spectrum of the sample under 980 nm excitation and the excited state absorption process under different power density excitations were thoroughly investigated. The findings demonstrate the commendable performance of the GdScO3:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphor, which exhibits a suitable thermally coupled energy levels energy difference (ΔE) of 630 cm− 1, an exceptional relative sensitivity of 1.007% K− 1 at 300 K, and a minimal temperature resolution of 0.49 K at 300 K. The remarkable consistency and robust thermal stability of the GdScO3:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors underscore their potential in highly sensitive optical thermometry applications.
非接触式光学温度传感技术，特别是基于 Er3+ 热耦合能级的荧光强度比原理的非接触式光学温度传感技术，已成为温度检测领域上转换发光材料的一个突出研究领域。为了推动用于光学温度传感的新型上转换发光材料的发展，研究人员采用高温固态方法合成了一种声子能量较低的上转换荧光粉 GdScO3:Yb3+/Er3+。通过粉末 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱对样品的晶体结构、最大声子能量和元素分布进行了表征。此外，还深入研究了样品在 980 纳米激发下的上转换发射光谱以及在不同功率密度激发下的激发态吸收过程。研究结果表明，GdScO3:Yb3+/Er3+荧光粉具有令人称道的性能，其合适的热耦合能级能差（ΔE）为 630 cm-1，300 K 时的相对灵敏度为 1.007% K-1，300 K 时的最低温度分辨率为 0.49 K。
{"title":"Temperature dependent upconversion luminescence of GdScO3 phosphors with low phonon energy for optical thermometry","authors":"Hao Ren, Mingliang Yang, Zhangliang Peng, Guihua Sun, Shoujun Ding, Chuancheng Zhang, Wenpeng Liu, Qingli Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-024-07966-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-024-07966-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-contact optical temperature sensing technology, particularly based on the fluorescence intensity ratio principle of the thermally coupled energy levels of Er<sup>3+</sup>, has emerged as a prominent area of research for upconversion luminescent materials in temperature detection. To advance the development of novel upconversion luminescent materials for optical temperature sensing, an upconversion phosphor, GdScO<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup>, with low phonon energy, was synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure, maximum phonon energy, and elemental distribution of the sample were characterized through powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The upconversion emission spectrum of the sample under 980 nm excitation and the excited state absorption process under different power density excitations were thoroughly investigated. The findings demonstrate the commendable performance of the GdScO<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup> phosphor, which exhibits a suitable thermally coupled energy levels energy difference (ΔE) of 630 cm<sup>− 1</sup>, an exceptional relative sensitivity of 1.007% K<sup>− 1</sup> at 300 K, and a minimal temperature resolution of 0.49 K at 300 K. The remarkable consistency and robust thermal stability of the GdScO<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup> phosphors underscore their potential in highly sensitive optical thermometry applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00083-6
Július Koza
The concepts of radiative and adiabatic equilibria, introduced by Karl Schwarzschild in his seminal paper Ueber das Gleichgewicht der Sonnenatmosphäre published in January 1906, are the founding blocks of the theory of radiative transfer, stellar structure, and solar physics. Careful reading of the paper and its later English translation reveals small formal inaccuracies and ambiguities but with no consequences whatsoever for the final outcomes and conclusions. This paper offers their adjustments with respective derivations using contemporary formalism and sets Schwarzschild’s paper in context with a historical and modern perspective. Particular attention is paid to Schwarzschild’s largely forgotten limb-darkening formula for adiabatic equilibrium. The paper also reproduces Schwarzschild’s radiative equilibrium protomodel of the Sun’s atmosphere in graphical form and compares it with modern models presented in some of the most cited papers in stellar and solar physics.
卡尔-施瓦兹柴尔德（Karl Schwarzschild）在 1906 年 1 月发表的开创性论文《Ueber das Gleichgewicht der Sonnenatmosphäre》中提出的辐射平衡和绝热平衡概念，是辐射传递、恒星结构和太阳物理学理论的奠基石。仔细阅读这篇论文及其后来的英文译文，会发现一些形式上的小错误和模糊之处，但对最终结果和结论没有任何影响。本文利用当代形式主义对其进行了调整和相应的推导，并从历史和现代的角度对施瓦兹柴尔德的论文进行了梳理。本文特别关注了施瓦兹谢尔德的绝热平衡肢体变暗公式，该公式已被人们遗忘。论文还以图表形式再现了施瓦兹柴尔德的太阳大气辐射平衡原模型，并将其与恒星和太阳物理学中一些被引用次数最多的论文中提出的现代模型进行了比较。
{"title":"Equilibria and the protomodel of the Sun’s atmosphere by Karl Schwarzschild in hindsight","authors":"Július Koza","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00083-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00083-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concepts of radiative and adiabatic equilibria, introduced by Karl Schwarzschild in his seminal paper <i>Ueber das Gleichgewicht der Sonnenatmosphäre</i> published in January 1906, are the founding blocks of the theory of radiative transfer, stellar structure, and solar physics. Careful reading of the paper and its later English translation reveals small formal inaccuracies and ambiguities but with no consequences whatsoever for the final outcomes and conclusions. This paper offers their adjustments with respective derivations using contemporary formalism and sets Schwarzschild’s paper in context with a historical and modern perspective. Particular attention is paid to Schwarzschild’s largely forgotten limb-darkening formula for adiabatic equilibrium. The paper also reproduces Schwarzschild’s radiative equilibrium protomodel of the Sun’s atmosphere in graphical form and compares it with modern models presented in some of the most cited papers in stellar and solar physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00083-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05692-0
Loïc Forma, Henri Boutin, Marguerite Jossic, Sandie Le Conte, Nicolas Wilkie-Chancellier
{"title":"Correction: Vibrations and cultural heritage preservation: a new approach to protect objects","authors":"Loïc Forma, Henri Boutin, Marguerite Jossic, Sandie Le Conte, Nicolas Wilkie-Chancellier","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05692-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05692-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s00339-024-07955-0
Aromal M. Vijay, T. Kavinkumar, S. Gobalakrishnan, N. Chidhambaram, Perumal Asaithambi, R. Srinivasan, Arun Thirumurugan
The design of multifunctional materials for energy storage and conversion systems is vital in addressing present global energy issues. In this work, we have prepared a highly active and economical hybrid material comprising ZnO and Nb2O5, integrated with g-C3N4 (Nb@ZGCN) through the simple chemical method followed by calcination process. The resultant Nb@ZGCN electrode delivered a specific capacitance of 122.3 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintained 71% of its initial value at a current density of 4 A g−1 in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. This hybrid electrode exhibited superb cyclic stability of 105% even after 2000 cycles at 4 A g−1 with an increased coulomb efficiency than the first cycle which is close to 100%. Additionally, the prepared hybrid material was further applied for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), delivering a small overpotential of 252.1 mV to achieve a current rate of 10 mA cm− 2 along with long-term durability in a 1 M KOH medium. The synergistic interaction between the ZnO, Nb2O5 and graphitic carbon nitride in the hybrid structure leads to abundant electroactive sites that remarkably improve the supercapacitive and HER activities. These results suggest that the developed hybrid material can be further exploited as an electrode material for supercapacitor and water splitting applications.
设计用于能量存储和转换系统的多功能材料对于解决当前的全球能源问题至关重要。在这项工作中，我们通过简单的化学方法和煅烧过程，制备了一种由氧化锌和氧化铌组成的高活性、经济型混合材料，并将其与 g-C3N4 集成在一起（Nb@ZGCN）。在 6 M KOH 电解液中，当电流密度为 1 A g-1 时，Nb@ZGCN 电极的比电容为 122.3 F g-1；当电流密度为 4 A g-1 时，比电容保持在初始值的 71%。即使在 4 A g-1 的条件下循环 2000 次，这种混合电极的循环稳定性也高达 105%，库仑效率也比第一次循环提高了，接近 100%。此外，制备的混合材料还被进一步应用于电催化氢进化反应（HER），在 1 M KOH 介质中提供 252.1 mV 的小过电位，实现 10 mA cm- 2 的电流速率和长期耐久性。混合结构中的氧化锌、氧化铌和氮化石墨碳之间的协同作用产生了丰富的电活性位点，显著提高了超级电容器和氢氧化还原活性。这些结果表明，所开发的混合材料可进一步用作超级电容器和水分离应用的电极材料。
{"title":"Designing multifunctional Nb2O5 rods with ZnO modified g-C3N4 hybrid material for energy storage and hydrogen evolution","authors":"Aromal M. Vijay, T. Kavinkumar, S. Gobalakrishnan, N. Chidhambaram, Perumal Asaithambi, R. Srinivasan, Arun Thirumurugan","doi":"10.1007/s00339-024-07955-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-024-07955-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The design of multifunctional materials for energy storage and conversion systems is vital in addressing present global energy issues. In this work, we have prepared a highly active and economical hybrid material comprising ZnO and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, integrated with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (Nb@ZGCN) through the simple chemical method followed by calcination process. The resultant Nb@ZGCN electrode delivered a specific capacitance of 122.3 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and maintained 71% of its initial value at a current density of 4 A g<sup>−1</sup> in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. This hybrid electrode exhibited superb cyclic stability of 105% even after 2000 cycles at 4 A g<sup>−1</sup> with an increased coulomb efficiency than the first cycle which is close to 100%. Additionally, the prepared hybrid material was further applied for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), delivering a small overpotential of 252.1 mV to achieve a current rate of 10 mA cm<sup>− 2</sup> along with long-term durability in a 1 M KOH medium. The synergistic interaction between the ZnO, Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and graphitic carbon nitride in the hybrid structure leads to abundant electroactive sites that remarkably improve the supercapacitive and HER activities. These results suggest that the developed hybrid material can be further exploited as an electrode material for supercapacitor and water splitting applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-024-07955-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05678-y
R. Bedogni, L. Russo, A. I. Castro Campoy, M. A. Caballero-Pacheco, D. Dashdondog, T. Napolitano, M. Del Franco, A. Calamida, S. Loreti, F. Moro, Antonino Pietropaolo
241Americium-boron (α,n) neutron sources have been produced for various application from nuclear industry to well logging or radiation protection. Compared to 241Americium–beryllium sources their specific emission rate is lower, but their spectrum is narrower, and their production cycle uses boron, which is less toxic than beryllium. Very few data are available in literature about the energy distribution of this neutron source: the 2001 version of Standard ISO 8529-1 reported a reference spectrum derived from 1970s data, exhibiting a single peak from about 1 to 6 MeV. Other spectra are available in recent works from PTB and NPL, based on high-resolution spectrometers and Bonner spheres. ENEA Frascati owns a 241Am-B neutron source with nominal emission rate 3.5 × 106 s−1. Knowing its spectrum is important, as this source is used to feed the HOTNES (Homogeneous Thermal Neutron Source) facility. A spectrometry experiment was organized relying on the recently developed NCT-WES neutron spectrometer. Belonging to the family of the Single Moderator Neutron Spectrometers, NCT-WES is a convenient alternative to Bonner spheres as it derives the whole spectrum from a single exposure. The experimental data were elaborated in comparison with the existing literature spectra. As a main results of the study, the spectrum of the ENEA 241Am-B neutron source nearly perfectly agrees with that derived at NPL.
{"title":"Neutron spectrometry of a 241Americium-Boron neutron source using the NCT-WES single-moderator neutron spectrometer","authors":"R. Bedogni, L. Russo, A. I. Castro Campoy, M. A. Caballero-Pacheco, D. Dashdondog, T. Napolitano, M. Del Franco, A. Calamida, S. Loreti, F. Moro, Antonino Pietropaolo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05678-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05678-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><sup>241</sup>Americium-boron (α,n) neutron sources have been produced for various application from nuclear industry to well logging or radiation protection. Compared to <sup>241</sup>Americium–beryllium sources their specific emission rate is lower, but their spectrum is narrower, and their production cycle uses boron, which is less toxic than beryllium. Very few data are available in literature about the energy distribution of this neutron source: the 2001 version of Standard ISO 8529-1 reported a reference spectrum derived from 1970s data, exhibiting a single peak from about 1 to 6 MeV. Other spectra are available in recent works from PTB and NPL, based on high-resolution spectrometers and Bonner spheres. ENEA Frascati owns a <sup>241</sup>Am-B neutron source with nominal emission rate 3.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Knowing its spectrum is important, as this source is used to feed the HOTNES (Homogeneous Thermal Neutron Source) facility. A spectrometry experiment was organized relying on the recently developed NCT-WES neutron spectrometer. Belonging to the family of the Single Moderator Neutron Spectrometers, NCT-WES is a convenient alternative to Bonner spheres as it derives the whole spectrum from a single exposure. The experimental data were elaborated in comparison with the existing literature spectra. As a main results of the study, the spectrum of the ENEA <sup>241</sup>Am-B neutron source nearly perfectly agrees with that derived at NPL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05678-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s00339-024-07960-3
Wei-Sheng Liu, Sui-Hua Wu, G. Balaji, Li-Cheng Huang, Chung-Kai Chi, Kuo-Jui Hu, Hsing-Chun Kuo
In this study, we employed radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology with pure gallium to deposit high-quality GaN thin films onto glass substrates. The deposition process was fine-tuned to optimize the GaN crystal quality. To further enhance the crystal quality of the GaN films grown on glass substrates, we introduced an AlN buffer layer which was also sputter deposited in the same chamber. For the reactive sputtering process, we utilized pure 6 N nitrogen as the working gas, and the thin-film deposition temperature was maintained at 600 °C. Comprehensive investigations were conducted on the GaN thin films to assess their chemical composition, structural properties, optoelectronic characteristics, and morphology. X-ray diffraction measurements of the GaN thin films revealed a crystalline phase of GaN (002) with a 2θ angle of approximately 34.2° and a full width at half maximum of 0.85°. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy unveiled a band-edge emission at 3.36 eV (369 nm) in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum. Our research findings conclusively demonstrate the suitability of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering for depositing high-quality GaN thin films on glass substrates. These GaN films exhibit significant potential for applications in several optoelectronic devices.
在这项研究中，我们采用射频磁控溅射技术在玻璃基板上沉积高质量的纯镓氮化镓薄膜。我们对沉积过程进行了微调，以优化 GaN 晶体质量。为了进一步提高玻璃基板上生长的氮化镓薄膜的晶体质量，我们引入了同样在同一腔室中溅射沉积的氮化镓缓冲层。在反应溅射过程中，我们使用纯 6 N 氮气作为工作气体，薄膜沉积温度保持在 600 ℃。我们对氮化镓薄膜进行了全面研究，以评估其化学成分、结构特性、光电特性和形态。氮化镓薄膜的 X 射线衍射测量结果表明，氮化镓（002）晶相的 2θ 角约为 34.2°，半最大全宽为 0.85°。低温光致发光光谱揭示了低温光致发光光谱中 3.36 eV（369 nm）处的带边发射。我们的研究成果最终证明了射频磁控溅射技术适用于在玻璃基底上沉积高质量的氮化镓薄膜。这些氮化镓薄膜在多种光电设备中的应用潜力巨大。
{"title":"Studies on high quality GaN/AlN deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency reactive sputtering","authors":"Wei-Sheng Liu, Sui-Hua Wu, G. Balaji, Li-Cheng Huang, Chung-Kai Chi, Kuo-Jui Hu, Hsing-Chun Kuo","doi":"10.1007/s00339-024-07960-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-024-07960-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we employed radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology with pure gallium to deposit high-quality GaN thin films onto glass substrates. The deposition process was fine-tuned to optimize the GaN crystal quality. To further enhance the crystal quality of the GaN films grown on glass substrates, we introduced an AlN buffer layer which was also sputter deposited in the same chamber. For the reactive sputtering process, we utilized pure 6 N nitrogen as the working gas, and the thin-film deposition temperature was maintained at 600 °C. Comprehensive investigations were conducted on the GaN thin films to assess their chemical composition, structural properties, optoelectronic characteristics, and morphology. X-ray diffraction measurements of the GaN thin films revealed a crystalline phase of GaN (002) with a 2θ angle of approximately 34.2° and a full width at half maximum of 0.85°. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy unveiled a band-edge emission at 3.36 eV (369 nm) in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum. Our research findings conclusively demonstrate the suitability of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering for depositing high-quality GaN thin films on glass substrates. These GaN films exhibit significant potential for applications in several optoelectronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study we demonstrate the application of the maximum entropy method (MEM) to determine the valence quark distribution of exotic hadrons. Our investigation yields three key findings. Firstly, we observe a significant shift towards smaller Bjorken scale x in the peak position of the valence quark distribution for hadrons with an increasing number of valence quarks, consistent with previous results by Kawamura and Kumano. Secondly, assuming that the (Z_c(3900)) initially consists of four valence quarks, we employ MEM to determine its initial valence quark distribution, estimating a radius of (r_c=1.276) fm at an extremely low resolution scale (Q^2). Furthermore, we identify a notable discrepancy between our computed charge form factor (G_c(q)) at leading order and the outcomes of hadron molecular state calculations. We propose that this form factor can be extracted from the QCD counting rule cross-section, which is grounded in generalized distribution amplitudes (GDA) linked to the multi-quark states.
{"title":"Maximum entropy method for valence quark distributions in exotic hadrons: a study of the (Z_c(3900)) case","authors":"Chengdong Han, Wei Kou, Xiaopeng Wang, Xurong Chen","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13397-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13397-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study we demonstrate the application of the maximum entropy method (MEM) to determine the valence quark distribution of exotic hadrons. Our investigation yields three key findings. Firstly, we observe a significant shift towards smaller Bjorken scale <i>x</i> in the peak position of the valence quark distribution for hadrons with an increasing number of valence quarks, consistent with previous results by Kawamura and Kumano. Secondly, assuming that the <span>(Z_c(3900))</span> initially consists of four valence quarks, we employ MEM to determine its initial valence quark distribution, estimating a radius of <span>(r_c=1.276)</span> fm at an extremely low resolution scale <span>(Q^2)</span>. Furthermore, we identify a notable discrepancy between our computed charge form factor <span>(G_c(q))</span> at leading order and the outcomes of hadron molecular state calculations. We propose that this form factor can be extracted from the QCD counting rule cross-section, which is grounded in generalized distribution amplitudes (GDA) linked to the multi-quark states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13397-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13114-9
CMS Collaboration, A. Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, J. W. Andrejkovic, T. Bergauer, S. Chatterjee, K. Damanakis, M. Dragicevic, A. Escalante Del Valle, P. S. Hussain, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, D. Schwarz, M. Sonawane, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M. R. Darwish, T. Janssen, P. Van Mechelen, E. S. Bols, J. D’Hondt, S. Dansana, A. De Moor, M. Delcourt, H. El Faham, S. Lowette, I. Makarenko, D. Müller, A. R. Sahasransu, S. Tavernier, M. Tytgat, S. Van Putte, D. Vannerom, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, L. Favart, D. Hohov, J. Jaramillo, A. Khalilzadeh, K. Lee, M. Mahdavikhorrami, A. Malara, S. Paredes, L. Pétré, N. Postiau, L. Thomas, M. Vanden Bemden, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, M. De Coen, D. Dobur, Y. Hong, J. Knolle, L. Lambrecht, G. Mestdach, C. Rendón, A. Samalan, K. Skovpen, N. Van Den Bossche, L. Wezenbeek, A. Benecke, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, C. Delaere, I. S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, K. Jaffel, Sa. Jain, V. Lemaitre, J. 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Yuldashev, A. Zarubin, I. Zhizhin, A. Zhokin
Using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (140hbox { fb}^{-1}) collected by the CMS experiment at (sqrt{s}= 13,text {Te}hspace{-.08em}text {V} ), the ({{{Lambda }} _{text {b}}^{{0}}} rightarrow {{text {J}/uppsi }} {{{Xi }} ^{{-}}} {{text {K}} ^{{+}}} ) decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the ({{{Lambda }} _{text {b}}^{{0}}} rightarrow {{{uppsi }} ({2textrm{S}})} {{Lambda }} ) decay, is measured to be (mathcal {B}({{{Lambda }} _{text {b}}^{{0}}} rightarrow {{text {J}/uppsi }} {{{Xi }} ^{{-}}} {{text {K}} ^{{+}}} )/mathcal {B}({{{Lambda }} _{text {b}}^{{0}}} rightarrow {{{uppsi }} ({2textrm{S}})} {{Lambda }} ) = [3.38pm 1.02pm 0.61pm 0.03]%), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in (mathcal {B}({{{uppsi }} ({2textrm{S}})} rightarrow {{text {J}/uppsi }} {{{uppi }} ^{{+}}} {{{uppi }} ^{{-}}} )) and (mathcal {B}({{{Xi }} ^{{-}}} rightarrow {{Lambda }} {{{uppi }} ^{{-}}} )).
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