Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

One of the promising strategies for destroying cancer cells is using small-molecule gene-silencing strategies such as DNAzyme. In the current study, we used niosomes as carriers to promote drug residence and stability in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and explore possible molecular mechanisms. Preparing the niosomes was performed using thin-layer hydration method. Shape and size of the niosomes were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell cytotoxicity, invasion and migration, apoptosis, inflammation and apoptosis related genes were evaluated by MTT assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometry, and Real-time PCR. Our results showed that DNAzyme loaded niosomes had more powerful effects against proliferation and migration of the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells compared to free DNAzyme. Effects of DNAzyme loaded niosomes is attributed to elevation of apoptosis, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and down-regulation of c-Myc/cyclin D1. In conclusion, our study declares that DNAzyme loaded niosomes possess stronger effects on destroying the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells than free DNAzyme by targeting apoptosis, inflammation, and c-Myc/cyclin D1.

We discuss the gravastar structure referred to as Mazur and Mottola model by taking into account the cylindrically symmetric line element. Gravastar configuration is completely characterized by three regions including inner and outer sectors where a very thin layer of ultra-relativistic matter namely shell domain separates these both regions. The interior sector occupying dark energy (cause of repulsive force) is specified by de-Sitter spacetime. Moreover, the exterior is fully vacuum where state parameters (density and pressure) are zero. The classical de-Sitter and Schwarzschild event horizons are replaced by an intermediate shell of small thickness, which is thought to be the critical surface for the quantum phase transition. For each of these three regions, we use different values of the equation of state parameter. We build a gravastar structure by adopting a particular model of the theory under consideration. For an isotropic static cylindrical matter configuration, we develop the equations of motion. Over hypersurface, matching of the interior as well as exterior regions yields surface energy density and surface pressure. The crucial feature of the newly obtained solution is that it is singularity free. Along with the estimation for the total gravastar mass, the energy density, total energy, proper length, mass and entropy of the shell domain are investigated in correspondence with this model. The developed gravastar model is physically viable and stable.

In this paper, we study multiplication operators on generalized Orlicz spaces (X^Phi) associated to a Banach function space X, where (Phi) is a Young function, and give some characterization of them to be well-defined and bounded. Also, we present some sufficient and necessary conditions for such operators to be compact or invertible. Moreover, we find the essential norm of a multiplication operator on (X^Phi) while the context measure space is discrete. Many results of this paper cover known Banach function spaces related to Orlicz one.

Naturally derived biopolymers like alginate are widely used for tissue engineering as hydrogels, and their angiogenic properties have led to their use in clinical trials. Myocardial ischemia is a significant concern in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, multi-target therapeutic strategies are gaining significant importance, and the present study is designed to prepare alginate nanogels (ANGs) entrapped with bioactive molecules epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 5-azacytidine (5-A). The nanogels were characterized using various physiochemical techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS and zeta, FTIR, XRD, HR-SEM, and AFM analysis, indicating the entrapment of both bioactive molecules in ANGs. The antioxidant ability of the nanogels was evaluated using DPPH and superoxide scavenging activity to evaluate their protective effect, and it was indicated that the nanogels have superior antioxidant activity due to the presence of EGCG. To understand the hemocompatibility of the nanogels with bioactive molecules, a hemolysis test was carried out, and the nanogels did not cause any significant hemolysis for the concentrations tested. An ex-vivo copper ascorbate system was used to induce cardiac injury in chicken hearts, and the antioxidant status of heart tissue revealed that nanogels ANGs/EGCG/5-A could maintain an antioxidant status comparable to that of the control group. Histopathological analysis further revealed that nanogels containing EGCG and 5-A could preserve the structural integrity via an antioxidant defence mechanism, thereby protecting the cardiac function. Further in-vivo studies can establish alginate-based nanogels as a therapeutic agent for myocardial injury.

In this study, the applications of the concept of piecewise differential equations, a powerful mathematical tool for addressing different processes occurring at different time intervals, on prey-predator models were discussed. Thanks to this new concept, we aimed to provide a new perspective for prey-predator models in which ecological processes that start with dyadic interactions can also include triadic interactions after a while. More specifically, two prey-predator models were proposed, one dealing with the different scenarios where a second predator was introduced into an environment with a prey and a predator, and the other where an infected prey was introduced into an environment with a prey and a predator. Numerical simulations were carried out in order to have a graphical representation of the different behavior of these two new models under different scenarios. We strongly believe that this study provides a comprehensive overview of piecewise differential equations and contributions to the field of mathematical biology, especially in modeling prey-predator dynamics.

Aquaculture contributes to elevated levels of phosphates and nitrates in both water and sediment, leading to reduced biodiversity and a proliferation of pollution-resistant organisms. One significant challenge in developing effective management strategies is the lack of accurate predictions regarding the dispersion and distribution of pollutants. Consequently, modeling water quality and pollutant distribution is crucial for evaluating these impacts. This study aims to spatially model nutrient release from fish breeding cages in the Sisangan region and assess its impact on water quality using the CORMIX numerical model. Conducted in November 2019 in the Caspian Sea, Mazandaran province, the research involved nine sampling stations. Physicochemical parameters were measured using a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) device. Nutrient samples, including nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, were collected with a Niskin bottle and analyzed in the laboratory. Field sampling revealed an average TRIX index of 2.3, indicating oligotrophic water conditions but an elevated trophic state. Modeling results demonstrated that nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations decrease with increasing distance from the fish cages. The findings suggest a potential shift from oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions due to the increased nutrient load from fish farming activities. This underscores the importance of understanding and managing the environmental impacts of marine aquaculture on water quality and ecosystem health. Effective management strategies must be developed to mitigate these impacts and ensure sustainable aquaculture practices.

The Chahfirouzeh porphyry copper deposit is situated within the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic arc and forms part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt in southern Iran. Copper mineralization in the deposit is associated to a Miocene diorite/granodiorite stock. The ore–forming process can be categorized into early, main, and late stages. Based on the microthermometry results, the salinities of the fluid system evolved from 5.86 to 16.15 wt% NaCl equivalent in the early stage, through bimodal ranges of 2.4–12.2 and 30.39–42.56 wt% NaCl equivalent in the main stage, and to 8.14–23 wt% NaCl equivalent in the late stage, strongly suggesting that fluid boiling and CO₂ escape occurred during the main stage of the Chahfirouzeh porphyry system. Furthermore, the total homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions decrease from 327 to 492 °C during the early, to 313–458 °C during the main, and finally to 250–377 °C during the late events. Laser Raman results also show the presence of CO₂ and CH₄ in the main stage fluid inclusion, which may be due to an equilibrium between them linked to the transition from potassic to phyllic alteration. We propose that the phase separation and release of CO₂ could be crucial for enhancing the activities of NaCl and S²⁻ in the fluids, reducing the oxidation of the fluids, and leading to the deposition of metal sulfides and the entrapment of halite–bearing inclusions in the Chahfirouzeh hydrothermal system.

This study investigates the effects of hot-pressing temperatures on the dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties of solvent-casted Poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) films. The hot-pressing process enhances the crystallinity and alignment of polymer chains, directly affecting their electrical properties. The aim is to optimize the performance of PVDF-TrFE films for potential energy storage devices. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were used to investigate phase formation and the fraction of β-phase. The presence of the β-fraction inside the copolymer is crucial for multifunctional applications. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis verified the uniform and glossy surface of the P(VDF-TrFE) film. The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were found suitable for energy storage and harvesting applications. The remnant polarisation (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) in the ferroelectric hysteresis loop were affected by β-fraction and crystallinity.

In this paper, we present a novel subclass of multivalent harmonic functions that incorporates higher-order derivatives within an open unit disk. We investigate growth estimates, convexity radii, starlikeness, and coefficient bounds specific to this class. Furthermore, we explore the closed property of this subclass under convolution operations.

This study investigates the (M^X/G/1) queue with retrials and an optional service facility for the one who opts for it. Here the service provider may follow Bernoulli vacation schedule. If the server is occupied, the clients are forced to join the virtual orbit from where they retry for their primary essential service or secondary optional service . The service provider is subjected to either active breakdown when occupied or passive breakdown when unoccupied. Depending on their types of breakdown, they are subjected to either immediate or delayed repair, respectively. After each service, depending on the server’s choice, it may either go on a Bernoulli vacation or may serve the next client. Implementing the embedded Markov chain technique, the system’s ergodic condition is established. Also, the steady state solution for various queueing parameters is obtained using the generating functions defined for the queue length distribution. The consequences of different parameters on the performance measures have been illustrated numerically. Further to develop a low cost model, formulation of the cost function is done and the impact of sensitive parameters on the overall cost of the system is studied. The optimization of the cost function using a soft computing technique, Artificial Bee Colony is also discussed which makes the system cost effective.