Following increased awareness that the economic impacts alone do not justify support for tourism, studies on residents' perceptions have gained importance. Most early studies of tourism that used social exchange theory (SET) to study residents' perceptions were in advanced countries rather than African countries. This paper provides an empirical discussion of how SET can be used to explore residents’ perceptions of tourism in Southeastern Nigeria to contribute to research on the topic. In-depth interviews were conducted with 208 residents. Results of this study indicated that residents' perceptions of tourism could be influenced by creating opportunities for gender equity, community development and cultural preservation, fear of copying new behaviour from tourists, and local perceptions of foreign white tourists. The study concluded that a theoretical understanding of residents' perceptions of tourism requires identifying and addressing issues that influence such perceptions, which is essential for developing the industry in the area.
{"title":"The Use of Social Exchange Theory in Exploring Residents' Perceptions of Tourism","authors":"A. Eyisi, Diane Lee, Kathryn Trees","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Following increased awareness that the economic impacts alone do not justify support for tourism, studies on residents' perceptions have gained importance. Most early studies of tourism that used social exchange theory (SET) to study residents' perceptions were in advanced countries rather than African countries. This paper provides an empirical discussion of how SET can be used to explore residents’ perceptions of tourism in Southeastern Nigeria to contribute to research on the topic. In-depth interviews were conducted with 208 residents. Results of this study indicated that residents' perceptions of tourism could be influenced by creating opportunities for gender equity, community development and cultural preservation, fear of copying new behaviour from tourists, and local perceptions of foreign white tourists. The study concluded that a theoretical understanding of residents' perceptions of tourism requires identifying and addressing issues that influence such perceptions, which is essential for developing the industry in the area.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"115 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1007/s40647-024-00422-3
Kentaro Hayashi, Ke-Hai Yuan, Peter M. Bentler
Most existing studies on the relationship between factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA) focus on approximating the common factors by the first few components via the closeness between their loadings. Based on a setup in Bentler and de Leeuw (Psychometrika 76:461–470, 2011), this study examines the relationship between FA loadings and PCA loadings when specificities are treated as latent factors. In particular, we will examine the closeness between the two types of loadings when the number of observed variables (p) increases. Parallel to the development in Schneeweiss (Multivar Behav Res 32:375–401, 1997), an average squared canonical correlation (ASCC) is used as the criterion for measuring the closeness. We show that the ASCC can be partitioned into two parts, the first of which is a function of FA loadings and the inverse correlation matrix, and the second of which is a function of unique variances and the inverse correlation matrix of the observed variables. We examine the behavior of these two parts as p approaches infinity. The study gives a different perspective on the relationship between PCA and FA, and the results add additional insights on the selection of the two types of methods in the analysis of high dimensional data.
关于因子分析（FA）和主成分分析（PCA）之间关系的现有研究大多侧重于通过前几个成分的载荷之间的接近程度来近似确定共同因子。本研究以 Bentler 和 de Leeuw（《心理测量学》76:461-470，2011 年）中的设置为基础，考察了将特异性视为潜在因素时 FA 负载与 PCA 负载之间的关系。特别是，当观察变量（p）的数量增加时，我们将研究这两种载荷之间的接近程度。与 Schneeweiss 的研究（Multivar Behav Res 32:375-401, 1997）类似，我们使用平均平方典型相关性（ASCC）作为衡量接近程度的标准。我们发现，ASCC 可分为两部分，第一部分是 FA 载荷和反相关矩阵的函数，第二部分是观测变量的独特方差和反相关矩阵的函数。当 p 接近无穷大时，我们将研究这两部分的行为。这项研究从另一个角度揭示了 PCA 和 FA 之间的关系，其结果为在分析高维数据时选择这两类方法提供了更多启示。
{"title":"On the Relationship Between Factor Loadings and Component Loadings When Latent Traits and Specificities are Treated as Latent Factors","authors":"Kentaro Hayashi, Ke-Hai Yuan, Peter M. Bentler","doi":"10.1007/s40647-024-00422-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-024-00422-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most existing studies on the relationship between factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA) focus on approximating the common factors by the first few components via the closeness between their loadings. Based on a setup in Bentler and de Leeuw (Psychometrika 76:461–470, 2011), this study examines the relationship between FA loadings and PCA loadings when specificities are treated as latent factors. In particular, we will examine the closeness between the two types of loadings when the number of observed variables (<i>p</i>) increases. Parallel to the development in Schneeweiss (Multivar Behav Res 32:375–401, 1997), an average squared canonical correlation (ASCC) is used as the criterion for measuring the closeness. We show that the ASCC can be partitioned into two parts, the first of which is a function of FA loadings and the inverse correlation matrix, and the second of which is a function of unique variances and the inverse correlation matrix of the observed variables. We examine the behavior of these two parts as <i>p</i> approaches infinity. The study gives a different perspective on the relationship between PCA and FA, and the results add additional insights on the selection of the two types of methods in the analysis of high dimensional data.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International tourism and foreign direct investment (FDI) constitute the bedrock of economic vitality, propelling growth and progress in the economies. This study delves into the intricate relationships among international tourism, FDI, and economic growth within the context of Thailand. Nevertheless, a tourism development index is created by pooling distinct components of global tourism to evaluate the aggregate effect on economic growth. Using data from 1991 to 2021 and the ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration, this study indicates that international tourism and FDI have long-term positive impacts on Thailand's economic growth. The sensitivity and stability tests were used to assess the robustness of these results. The study's results promise to influence policy choices and shape industry approaches while enriching discussions on the economic impacts of the factors investigated.
{"title":"From Tourism to Investments, Tracing Economic Footprints in Thailand","authors":"Saqib Mehmood, Rudsada Kaewsaeng-on, Tahira Iram","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"International tourism and foreign direct investment (FDI) constitute the bedrock of economic vitality, propelling growth and progress in the economies. This study delves into the intricate relationships among international tourism, FDI, and economic growth within the context of Thailand. Nevertheless, a tourism development index is created by pooling distinct components of global tourism to evaluate the aggregate effect on economic growth. Using data from 1991 to 2021 and the ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration, this study indicates that international tourism and FDI have long-term positive impacts on Thailand's economic growth. The sensitivity and stability tests were used to assess the robustness of these results. The study's results promise to influence policy choices and shape industry approaches while enriching discussions on the economic impacts of the factors investigated.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"42 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of existing literature on crowding in tourist destinations and its effects, thereby recognizing areas for further research. The authors evaluated 421 Scopus-indexed documents related to the subject of crowding. This study involved analysing the annual publications on the topic and the past trends to suggest solutions for better management of the destinations in the future. The results reveal a noticeable rise in the academic literature on crowding, especially about popular tourist destinations. The findings also indicate that unmonitored tourism and subsequent media coverage have significantly contributed to this upswing in scholarly work. The problem of crowding disappeared for a short period during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research note explores a possible solution to the problem to be utilised in the future and comments on the changing nature of the psychological concept after COVID-19. This study offers a comprehensive review of the current state of research on crowding, thereby helping to guide future research in this area. Moreover, it underscores the need for strategies to manage crowding to promote sustainable tourism.
{"title":"Research at the Crowding and Tourism","authors":"Snigdha Kainthola, Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of existing literature on crowding in tourist destinations and its effects, thereby recognizing areas for further research. The authors evaluated 421 Scopus-indexed documents related to the subject of crowding. This study involved analysing the annual publications on the topic and the past trends to suggest solutions for better management of the destinations in the future. The results reveal a noticeable rise in the academic literature on crowding, especially about popular tourist destinations. The findings also indicate that unmonitored tourism and subsequent media coverage have significantly contributed to this upswing in scholarly work. The problem of crowding disappeared for a short period during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research note explores a possible solution to the problem to be utilised in the future and comments on the changing nature of the psychological concept after COVID-19. This study offers a comprehensive review of the current state of research on crowding, thereby helping to guide future research in this area. Moreover, it underscores the need for strategies to manage crowding to promote sustainable tourism.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism operations and businesses depend on various indicators defining their competitiveness and eco-efficiency. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the tools widely recognized for evaluating the performance and benchmarking of the tourism industry domain sectors and services. Over time, the DEA methodology application has witnessed different interactions and inter-connectedness across the tourism sector. Through a systematic literature review and historiography using the HistCite™ tool, the study highlighted the trends and associations across the tourism management research. This will help contribute to the knowledge domain in this area, helping to understand the trends and define the path for DEA model application in tourism research. The results depict the scope of the DEA model's application in environmental and sustainability performance evaluations in tourism management. Study results will be of great significance for researchers formulating methodologies and strategies for sustainable tourism considering the current global environmental challenges.
旅游业的运营和业务取决于确定其竞争力和生态效益的各种指标。数据包络分析法（DEA）是公认的评估旅游业领域部门和服务的绩效和基准的工具之一。随着时间的推移，DEA 方法的应用见证了整个旅游业不同的互动和相互联系。通过使用 HistCite™ 工具进行系统的文献综述和历史研究，本研究强调了整个旅游管理研究的趋势和关联。这将有助于为该领域的知识领域做出贡献，帮助理解趋势并确定 DEA 模型在旅游研究中的应用路径。研究结果描绘了 DEA 模型在旅游管理的环境和可持续发展绩效评估中的应用范围。考虑到当前全球面临的环境挑战，研究结果将对研究人员制定可持续旅游业的方法和战略具有重要意义。
{"title":"Data Envelopment Analysis Applications in Tourism Management Research","authors":"Ravi Sharma","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism operations and businesses depend on various indicators defining their competitiveness and eco-efficiency. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the tools widely recognized for evaluating the performance and benchmarking of the tourism industry domain sectors and services. Over time, the DEA methodology application has witnessed different interactions and inter-connectedness across the tourism sector. Through a systematic literature review and historiography using the HistCite™ tool, the study highlighted the trends and associations across the tourism management research. This will help contribute to the knowledge domain in this area, helping to understand the trends and define the path for DEA model application in tourism research. The results depict the scope of the DEA model's application in environmental and sustainability performance evaluations in tourism management. Study results will be of great significance for researchers formulating methodologies and strategies for sustainable tourism considering the current global environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natacha Soares, Joana Lima, Maria do Rosário Borges
The potential of tourism to provide opportunities for people to explore their spirituality is increasingly recognized. In this article, we intend to review the existing empirical literature on spiritual tourism demand, systematizing some key elements to consider in the future development of this kind of tourism and emphasizing the potential contribution of this type of tourism towards sustainability. Research from the Scopus database was conducted to accomplish this objective, analyzing 21 full empirical articles. A qualitative methodology was adopted. From the analysis of the main results, research paths can be identified for the future, and the dimensions/themes most frequently included in the existing research can be highlighted, such as the profile of spiritual tourists, the most frequent motivations and the key features of spiritual destinations. The study ends by reflecting on sustainability issues that appear vital to consider in future studies and/or new offers, as well as recognizing the need to address the negative issues most linked to spiritual tourism, such as the use of drugs.
{"title":"Spiritual Tourism","authors":"Natacha Soares, Joana Lima, Maria do Rosário Borges","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of tourism to provide opportunities for people to explore their spirituality is increasingly recognized. In this article, we intend to review the existing empirical literature on spiritual tourism demand, systematizing some key elements to consider in the future development of this kind of tourism and emphasizing the potential contribution of this type of tourism towards sustainability. Research from the Scopus database was conducted to accomplish this objective, analyzing 21 full empirical articles. A qualitative methodology was adopted. From the analysis of the main results, research paths can be identified for the future, and the dimensions/themes most frequently included in the existing research can be highlighted, such as the profile of spiritual tourists, the most frequent motivations and the key features of spiritual destinations. The study ends by reflecting on sustainability issues that appear vital to consider in future studies and/or new offers, as well as recognizing the need to address the negative issues most linked to spiritual tourism, such as the use of drugs.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lourdes Susaeta Erburu, Clara Martín-Duque, Yolanda Romero-Padilla, Esperanza Suárez Ruz
This study examines hospitality employees' perceptions of HR policies and practices and their impact on organizational commitment before and during a crisis. Specifically, it explores the influence of gender bias on organizational commitment. Focusing on the role of HR practices in fostering commitment, the study analyses changes in commitment during the pre- and post-crisis periods. An online survey was conducted among employees in the hotel industry in Spain, resulting in 467 complete responses. Factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis validated the measurement model. The findings support the hypothesis that organizations with pre-existing HR practices promoting employee well-being experienced higher levels of organizational commitment during the crisis. Additionally, organizations implementing policies to address gender bias achieved higher levels of organizational commitment. The study presents a typology, categorizing HR practices as crisis-appropriate or non-crisis-appropriate and commitment or non-commitment practices. This study provides insights into understanding and measuring organizational commitment through HR practices and emphasizes the significance of addressing gender bias in fostering commitment. Practical implications for the hospitality industry include prioritizing employee well-being, creating an inclusive work environment, ensuring flexibility and effective communication, and proactively investing in crisis-appropriate HR practices.
{"title":"Organizational Commitment and Well-Being HR Practices","authors":"Lourdes Susaeta Erburu, Clara Martín-Duque, Yolanda Romero-Padilla, Esperanza Suárez Ruz","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines hospitality employees' perceptions of HR policies and practices and their impact on organizational commitment before and during a crisis. Specifically, it explores the influence of gender bias on organizational commitment. Focusing on the role of HR practices in fostering commitment, the study analyses changes in commitment during the pre- and post-crisis periods. An online survey was conducted among employees in the hotel industry in Spain, resulting in 467 complete responses. Factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis validated the measurement model. The findings support the hypothesis that organizations with pre-existing HR practices promoting employee well-being experienced higher levels of organizational commitment during the crisis. Additionally, organizations implementing policies to address gender bias achieved higher levels of organizational commitment. The study presents a typology, categorizing HR practices as crisis-appropriate or non-crisis-appropriate and commitment or non-commitment practices. This study provides insights into understanding and measuring organizational commitment through HR practices and emphasizes the significance of addressing gender bias in fostering commitment. Practical implications for the hospitality industry include prioritizing employee well-being, creating an inclusive work environment, ensuring flexibility and effective communication, and proactively investing in crisis-appropriate HR practices.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"116 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andjelka Stilic, Adis Puška, Darko Božanić, Aleksandar Đurić
Improving the conditions for the provision of tourist services is critical for the development of tourism. The World Economic Forum uses the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI), calculated based on five main criteria and 17 sub-criteria, to assess these conditions and generate a ranking list of countries based on their favourable environment for conducting tourism-related activities. However, the TTDI only considers the average value of each country's criteria and sub-criteria scores without considering the significance of those criteria. This paper addresses this issue using a hybrid multi-criteria analysis, which combines the MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to Compromise Solution) and MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) methods. The results of these methods show that the observed European countries' ranking order differs from the ranking order stated in TTDI. Spain is ranked first, Turkmenistan ranks last, and sensitivity analysis supports these findings. When ranking countries using the TTDI, the importance of the criteria must be considered to accurately reflect the conditions prevailing for tourism development in countries, which is highlighted by this research. This paper's contribution demonstrates that all criteria cannot be considered equally to form the TTDI, as the requirements cannot be equally important.
{"title":"Ranking European Countries Using Hybrid MEREC-MARCOS MCDA Based on Travel and Tourism Development Index","authors":"Andjelka Stilic, Adis Puška, Darko Božanić, Aleksandar Đurić","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the conditions for the provision of tourist services is critical for the development of tourism. The World Economic Forum uses the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI), calculated based on five main criteria and 17 sub-criteria, to assess these conditions and generate a ranking list of countries based on their favourable environment for conducting tourism-related activities. However, the TTDI only considers the average value of each country's criteria and sub-criteria scores without considering the significance of those criteria. This paper addresses this issue using a hybrid multi-criteria analysis, which combines the MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to Compromise Solution) and MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) methods. The results of these methods show that the observed European countries' ranking order differs from the ranking order stated in TTDI. Spain is ranked first, Turkmenistan ranks last, and sensitivity analysis supports these findings. When ranking countries using the TTDI, the importance of the criteria must be considered to accurately reflect the conditions prevailing for tourism development in countries, which is highlighted by this research. This paper's contribution demonstrates that all criteria cannot be considered equally to form the TTDI, as the requirements cannot be equally important.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite a rise in studies applying the PERMA framework (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment) to tourist well-being, few studies explore how the five elements within the PERMA framework interconnect to contribute to the well-being of young tourists. This study employed a qualitative research approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews guided by the PERMA framework to investigate young tourists’ perceptions of well-being. Findings were analyzed using thematic analysis, revealing that the young tourists’ well-being is believed to encompass two key components: enjoyment, representing hedonic well-being, and meaning, representing eudaimonic well-being. Enjoyment may stem from tourist activities or social interactions, while meaning could be derived from actualizing core values or fulfilling travel purposes. Theoretically, the study advances the PERMA framework by strategically aligning its elements in direct response to various tourist experiences. This provides a novel perspective for future researchers, suggesting the potential use of the PERMA framework as an alternative approach for understanding young tourists’ well-being. Practically, the study offers insights for individuals to craft improved tourism plans, leveraging their travel experiences to enhance well-being. For example, individuals could benefit from being more mindful in designing and executing their travels, ensuring a positive tourist experience.
{"title":"Positive Tourist Experience","authors":"Gendi Song, J. Edelheim, James Johnson","doi":"10.37741/t.72.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a rise in studies applying the PERMA framework (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment) to tourist well-being, few studies explore how the five elements within the PERMA framework interconnect to contribute to the well-being of young tourists. This study employed a qualitative research approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews guided by the PERMA framework to investigate young tourists’ perceptions of well-being. Findings were analyzed using thematic analysis, revealing that the young tourists’ well-being is believed to encompass two key components: enjoyment, representing hedonic well-being, and meaning, representing eudaimonic well-being. Enjoyment may stem from tourist activities or social interactions, while meaning could be derived from actualizing core values or fulfilling travel purposes. Theoretically, the study advances the PERMA framework by strategically aligning its elements in direct response to various tourist experiences. This provides a novel perspective for future researchers, suggesting the potential use of the PERMA framework as an alternative approach for understanding young tourists’ well-being. Practically, the study offers insights for individuals to craft improved tourism plans, leveraging their travel experiences to enhance well-being. For example, individuals could benefit from being more mindful in designing and executing their travels, ensuring a positive tourist experience.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"43 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. C. Çetinsöz, Onur Çakır, Karaca Mina Durdu, Reşat Arica
The study examines the effects of the importance of social media (SM) sharing and the knowledge-sharing facilitators on the tourists’ tendency to share their actual experiences on SM. Data were collected from 323 local (Turkish) tourists through face-to-face interviews. The convenience sampling method was used to collect data. PLS algorithm, blindfolding and bias-corrected bootstrapping methods were utilized to test the measurement and structural models. The findings revealed that the importance of participant and non-participant sharing did not directly affect the actual travel experience-sharing behaviour. Altruistic and personal fulfilment and self-actualization motivations as facilitators were found to have a full mediating effect in the relationship between the importance of content sharing and actual travel experience sharing. Thus, tourism sector managers should stimulate altruistic and self-actualization motivations as facilitators to encourage tourists to share their actual travel experiences on SM.
本研究探讨了社交媒体（SM）分享的重要性和知识分享促进因素对游客在社交媒体上分享其实际体验的倾向的影响。研究通过面对面访谈的方式收集了 323 名当地（土耳其）游客的数据。采用便利抽样法收集数据。利用 PLS 算法、障眼法和偏差校正引导法来检验测量模型和结构模型。研究结果表明，参与者和非参与者分享的重要性并不直接影响实际的旅游经验分享行为。研究发现，利他主义动机、个人成就动机和自我实现动机作为促进因素，在内容分享的重要性与实际旅游经验分享之间具有完全的中介效应。因此，旅游行业管理者应激发利他主义和自我实现动机作为促进因素，鼓励游客在 SM 上分享他们的实际旅游体验。
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