This study provides a conceptual approach to the congress system, a tourism sector particularly impacted by the pandemic crisis, but so far, only little studied in the literature. It focuses on the measures stakeholders adopt in the context of a significant crisis and structural changes. The main contribution of this work is a theoretical decoding of the metropolitan system of international congress tourism. It analyses the adaptation and shock absorption measures taken during the pandemic crisis by stakeholders of nine world cities in the context of structural transformations. The findings provide a better understanding of the adaptability of metropolitan stakeholders and societal and technological transformations in the event tourism sector.
{"title":"International Congress Tourism, Adaptability, and Societal and Technological Transformations in the Pandemic Crisis","authors":"Sylvie Christofle, Andreas Kallmuenzer","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a conceptual approach to the congress system, a tourism sector particularly impacted by the pandemic crisis, but so far, only little studied in the literature. It focuses on the measures stakeholders adopt in the context of a significant crisis and structural changes. The main contribution of this work is a theoretical decoding of the metropolitan system of international congress tourism. It analyses the adaptation and shock absorption measures taken during the pandemic crisis by stakeholders of nine world cities in the context of structural transformations. The findings provide a better understanding of the adaptability of metropolitan stakeholders and societal and technological transformations in the event tourism sector.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"180 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domestic tourism is a crucial socioeconomic factor for destinations, regions, and local communities. Its peculiarity creates unique opportunities, as well as challenges and complexities, in the formulation of the tourist experience. Two studies examine the complexity of the factors involved in formulating the tourist experience in the context of domestic tourism. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of data derived from 394 respondents emphasizes first the nexus of quality and social aspects, then the triad of hygiene, cultural, and price issues, and finally the nexus of quality and novelty aspects. The social element, which embraces social interactions with others and quality time with friends, predominates in forming a positive overall domestic experience, according to an additional qualitative study that delves deeper into the investigated phenomenon by analyzing the responses of forty informants. The findings contribute to the academic milieu of the tourist experience and have direct managerial implications for domestic tourism stakeholders.
{"title":"Domestic Tourism and the Domestic Tourist Experience","authors":"Prokopis A. Christou, Katerina Pericleous","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic tourism is a crucial socioeconomic factor for destinations, regions, and local communities. Its peculiarity creates unique opportunities, as well as challenges and complexities, in the formulation of the tourist experience. Two studies examine the complexity of the factors involved in formulating the tourist experience in the context of domestic tourism. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of data derived from 394 respondents emphasizes first the nexus of quality and social aspects, then the triad of hygiene, cultural, and price issues, and finally the nexus of quality and novelty aspects. The social element, which embraces social interactions with others and quality time with friends, predominates in forming a positive overall domestic experience, according to an additional qualitative study that delves deeper into the investigated phenomenon by analyzing the responses of forty informants. The findings contribute to the academic milieu of the tourist experience and have direct managerial implications for domestic tourism stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"33 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. Kamrul Hassan, Tareq Mahbub, Md Ali Arshad Chowdhury
The tourism industry has encountered various sustainable development functionalities, and nations seek to develop tourism while conserving nature and its resources. Agritourism strengthens a region’s competitive, cultural, and transformational resources while helping the rural community, economy, and society thrive sustainably. However, few studies have evaluated community attention toward agritourism in developing countries. This study bridges this gap using community attachment through agritourism-based resident perceptions of the economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts of tourism support and its contributions to resident communities. A partial least squares method under structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed using SmartPLS 3.0. Results reveal that community attachment is significantly correlated with economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts, which are also significantly associated with tourism support. These impacts were mainly related to contributions to the community, thus confirming all hypotheses except for the cultural implications, which were found to be insignificant. This study will help marketers, professionals, and decision-makers understand and predict the economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts of agritourism and formulate policies to contribute to its development.
{"title":"Agritourism, Community Attachment and Contribution Towards Tourism and Community","authors":"H. M. Kamrul Hassan, Tareq Mahbub, Md Ali Arshad Chowdhury","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism industry has encountered various sustainable development functionalities, and nations seek to develop tourism while conserving nature and its resources. Agritourism strengthens a region’s competitive, cultural, and transformational resources while helping the rural community, economy, and society thrive sustainably. However, few studies have evaluated community attention toward agritourism in developing countries. This study bridges this gap using community attachment through agritourism-based resident perceptions of the economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts of tourism support and its contributions to resident communities. A partial least squares method under structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed using SmartPLS 3.0. Results reveal that community attachment is significantly correlated with economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts, which are also significantly associated with tourism support. These impacts were mainly related to contributions to the community, thus confirming all hypotheses except for the cultural implications, which were found to be insignificant. This study will help marketers, professionals, and decision-makers understand and predict the economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts of agritourism and formulate policies to contribute to its development.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"33 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naveed R. Khan, Haseeb ur Rehman Khan, Mustafa Rehman Khan, Arsalan Mujahid Ghouri
The paper seeks to investigate key factors influencing the personal development of tourists. This study examines the relationship between participatory consumer-generated content and tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills, as well as the moderating effect of previous tourists’ experiences. To evaluate the research model, 301 valid responses were examined using the PLS-SEM technique. The empirical findings showed that participatory consumer-generated content positively relates to tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills. Moreover, previous tourists’ experiences moderate the relationships of participatory consumer-generated content with tourists’ capabilities and skills; however, previous tourists’ experiences have no moderation effect on tourists’ emotions. Thus, our paper's findings offer valuable contributions to theory and practice. Practitioners and authorities should stimulate users to share their tourism experiences and take the initiative to share easily traceable and searchable data. Moreover, businesses should implement activities that encourage tourists to share their experiences as soon as possible and make travel and tourism websites and social media platforms readily available.
{"title":"Tourists’ Personal Development Through Participatory Consumer-Generated Content","authors":"Naveed R. Khan, Haseeb ur Rehman Khan, Mustafa Rehman Khan, Arsalan Mujahid Ghouri","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper seeks to investigate key factors influencing the personal development of tourists. This study examines the relationship between participatory consumer-generated content and tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills, as well as the moderating effect of previous tourists’ experiences. To evaluate the research model, 301 valid responses were examined using the PLS-SEM technique. The empirical findings showed that participatory consumer-generated content positively relates to tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills. Moreover, previous tourists’ experiences moderate the relationships of participatory consumer-generated content with tourists’ capabilities and skills; however, previous tourists’ experiences have no moderation effect on tourists’ emotions. Thus, our paper's findings offer valuable contributions to theory and practice. Practitioners and authorities should stimulate users to share their tourism experiences and take the initiative to share easily traceable and searchable data. Moreover, businesses should implement activities that encourage tourists to share their experiences as soon as possible and make travel and tourism websites and social media platforms readily available.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"166 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With changing consumer trends and technological developments, the nature of tourism has evolved. Online platforms have made it easier for tourists to share their experiences and evaluations of the services they have consumed. Evaluating tourism services is often possible only after consumption, increasing consumer feedback's effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the comments written by individuals on the website of Teddy Tour Berlin, an agency specializing in toy tourism. In the study, 34 comments from 2005 to February 1, 2022, interpreting the comments, have been analyzed using Maxqda qualitative data analysis software. A total of 182 codes were derived from 1016 words, and six main themes were identified, including positive reviews, materials provided, experiences, friendship, and suggestions and advice for the agency. The coding analysis indicates that nearly half of the comments (47.83%) consisted of positive opinions.
随着消费趋势的变化和技术的发展，旅游的性质也发生了变化。在线平台使游客更容易分享他们的体验和对他们所消费服务的评价。通常只有在消费之后才能对旅游服务进行评价，从而提高了消费者反馈的有效性。本研究旨在分析个人在玩具旅游机构Teddy Tour Berlin网站上的评论。本研究采用Maxqda定性数据分析软件，对2005年至2022年2月1日期间的34条评论进行解读分析。从1016个单词中衍生出182个代码，确定了6个主题，包括积极评价、提供的材料、经验、友谊以及对机构的建议和建议。编码分析表明，近一半的评论(47.83%)是积极的意见。
{"title":"A Content Analysis of Consumer Feedback on ‘Teddy Tour Berlin’ Within the Concept of Toy Tourism","authors":"Sevcan Yildiz, Didem Kutlu, Yasin Oğuz Özmenekşe","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"With changing consumer trends and technological developments, the nature of tourism has evolved. Online platforms have made it easier for tourists to share their experiences and evaluations of the services they have consumed. Evaluating tourism services is often possible only after consumption, increasing consumer feedback's effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the comments written by individuals on the website of Teddy Tour Berlin, an agency specializing in toy tourism. In the study, 34 comments from 2005 to February 1, 2022, interpreting the comments, have been analyzed using Maxqda qualitative data analysis software. A total of 182 codes were derived from 1016 words, and six main themes were identified, including positive reviews, materials provided, experiences, friendship, and suggestions and advice for the agency. The coding analysis indicates that nearly half of the comments (47.83%) consisted of positive opinions.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"31 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian Himalayas are famous for natural resources and attractiveness for leisure, religious, and adventure tourism. Gulmarg is a unique site in this region selected for this study to know the behaviour of ski tourists. The objective was to understand if ski tourists behave differently in the Himalayan settings concerning skiing destination choice factors and satisfaction and loyalty than in similar resorts worldwide. The study found that skiing destination choice factors positively impact tourist satisfaction and loyalty, while tourist satisfaction was found to impact loyalty. The study’s main contribution lies in establishing the choice factors of ski tourist destinations in the Indian region and the relationship between ski tourism factors and tourist satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, unlike other analyzed examples from European and other worldwide ski resorts, sustainability is currently not a decisive factor in the selection, satisfaction and loyalty of tourists in Gulmarg resort .
{"title":"Destination Choice, Satisfaction, and Loyalty of Ski Tourists in the Indian Himalayas","authors":"Naser Ul Islam, Manjula Chaudhary, Izidora Marković Vukadin, Syed Asif Mehboob Bukhari","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Indian Himalayas are famous for natural resources and attractiveness for leisure, religious, and adventure tourism. Gulmarg is a unique site in this region selected for this study to know the behaviour of ski tourists. The objective was to understand if ski tourists behave differently in the Himalayan settings concerning skiing destination choice factors and satisfaction and loyalty than in similar resorts worldwide. The study found that skiing destination choice factors positively impact tourist satisfaction and loyalty, while tourist satisfaction was found to impact loyalty. The study’s main contribution lies in establishing the choice factors of ski tourist destinations in the Indian region and the relationship between ski tourism factors and tourist satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, unlike other analyzed examples from European and other worldwide ski resorts, sustainability is currently not a decisive factor in the selection, satisfaction and loyalty of tourists in Gulmarg resort .","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"32 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dispositional awe has previously been positively linked to subjective well-being, directly and indirectly, through meaning in life and materialism. There hasn’t been much research that considered these relationships in the context of tourist eudaimonic well-being. Hence, the main goal of the present study is to check whether dispositional awe relates to tourist eudaimonic well-being and whether meaning in life and materialism can serve as underlying mechanisms behind this relationship. Data was collected from a sample of 3 adults through self-report online questionnaires. Model 4 in PROCESS (Hayes, 2018) was used to investigate the parallel mediation effects and the direct impact hypothesized in this study. The two parallel mediators were meaning in life and materialism. The dispositional awe was modelled as a predictor, and tourist eudaimonic well-being as an outcome variable. Mediation analysis confirmed a significant, positive direct path from dispositional awe to tourist eudaimonic well-being. Bootstrap analysis indicated that meaning in life, not materialism, mediated this relationship. Based on this research, it can be concluded that those tourists who are more prone to experience awe might give their lives more meaning, promoting eudaimonic well-being during the touristic trips.
{"title":"Meaning in Life and Materialism as Mediators of the Relationship Between Dispositional Awe and Tourist Eudaimonic Well-Being","authors":"Paula Pedić Duić","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Dispositional awe has previously been positively linked to subjective well-being, directly and indirectly, through meaning in life and materialism. There hasn’t been much research that considered these relationships in the context of tourist eudaimonic well-being. Hence, the main goal of the present study is to check whether dispositional awe relates to tourist eudaimonic well-being and whether meaning in life and materialism can serve as underlying mechanisms behind this relationship. Data was collected from a sample of 3 adults through self-report online questionnaires. Model 4 in PROCESS (Hayes, 2018) was used to investigate the parallel mediation effects and the direct impact hypothesized in this study. The two parallel mediators were meaning in life and materialism. The dispositional awe was modelled as a predictor, and tourist eudaimonic well-being as an outcome variable. Mediation analysis confirmed a significant, positive direct path from dispositional awe to tourist eudaimonic well-being. Bootstrap analysis indicated that meaning in life, not materialism, mediated this relationship. Based on this research, it can be concluded that those tourists who are more prone to experience awe might give their lives more meaning, promoting eudaimonic well-being during the touristic trips.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"33 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of accessible tourism is centered on advocacy for the rights of individuals with disabilities to participate in tourism activities. The study aims to close a gap in the literature by identifying the barriers to achieving accessible tourism in Phuket and contributing to tourism development by establishing a framework for tourism stakeholders. An exploratory study design was applied, and empirical data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 16 professionals residing in Phuket, Thailand. The data were analyzed thematically to identify barriers and establish an exploratory framework for tourism stakeholders. A five-dimensional exploratory framework emerged in the process. The results revealed obstacles preventing Phuket from fully engaging in accessible tourism and increasing its global market share in this emerging market segment. Moreover, the findings contribute to the field of accessibility research. The article concludes by discussing implications for tourism stakeholders.
{"title":"The Barriers to Accessible Tourism in Phuket","authors":"Kevin Fuchs","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of accessible tourism is centered on advocacy for the rights of individuals with disabilities to participate in tourism activities. The study aims to close a gap in the literature by identifying the barriers to achieving accessible tourism in Phuket and contributing to tourism development by establishing a framework for tourism stakeholders. An exploratory study design was applied, and empirical data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 16 professionals residing in Phuket, Thailand. The data were analyzed thematically to identify barriers and establish an exploratory framework for tourism stakeholders. A five-dimensional exploratory framework emerged in the process. The results revealed obstacles preventing Phuket from fully engaging in accessible tourism and increasing its global market share in this emerging market segment. Moreover, the findings contribute to the field of accessibility research. The article concludes by discussing implications for tourism stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to reveal the current state of knowledge of the studies in which tourism and self-determination theory are used together and to provide clues for future studies. To achieve the aim of the research, the Web of Science was used as a database. In the WoS database, the search terms "self-determination theory", "tourism", and "tourist" were searched in the "topic" category. The data set of the research consists only of published articles. Thanks to the bibliometric method and software used in this study, the development of studies in which tourism and self-determination theory are used together has been analysed. Before the examination, seven parameters most frequently used in bibliometric analyses were determined. This article is the first study that analyses the articles using self-determination theory in tourism. Studies on tourism and self-determination theory are receiving more and more attention, and this article provides a significant opportunity to see the gap in the literature. In the research, 55 articles published between 2009-2022 were analysed, and as a result, prominent articles, authors, keywords, journals, institutions, and countries were revealed. It was observed that there was a jump in articles in this field between 2019-2021.
本研究旨在揭示旅游与自我决定理论结合研究的现状，并为今后的研究提供线索。为了达到研究的目的，使用Web of Science作为数据库。在WoS数据库的“主题”类别中搜索的关键词是“自决理论”、“旅游”和“游客”。本研究的数据集仅包括已发表的文章。本研究运用文献计量学方法和软件，分析了旅游与自我决定理论相结合的研究发展。在检验之前，确定了文献计量学分析中最常用的七个参数。本文是第一个将自我决定理论应用于旅游业的文章分析研究。旅游和自决理论的研究越来越受到关注，本文提供了一个重要的机会来看到文献的空白。在这项研究中，分析了2009年至2022年间发表的55篇文章，结果揭示了著名文章、作者、关键词、期刊、机构和国家。据观察，该领域的文章在2019-2021年期间出现了飞跃。
{"title":"Self-Determination Theory in the Field of Tourism","authors":"Kartal Doğukan Çıkı, Haluk Tanrıverdi","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to reveal the current state of knowledge of the studies in which tourism and self-determination theory are used together and to provide clues for future studies. To achieve the aim of the research, the Web of Science was used as a database. In the WoS database, the search terms \"self-determination theory\", \"tourism\", and \"tourist\" were searched in the \"topic\" category. The data set of the research consists only of published articles. Thanks to the bibliometric method and software used in this study, the development of studies in which tourism and self-determination theory are used together has been analysed. Before the examination, seven parameters most frequently used in bibliometric analyses were determined. This article is the first study that analyses the articles using self-determination theory in tourism. Studies on tourism and self-determination theory are receiving more and more attention, and this article provides a significant opportunity to see the gap in the literature. In the research, 55 articles published between 2009-2022 were analysed, and as a result, prominent articles, authors, keywords, journals, institutions, and countries were revealed. It was observed that there was a jump in articles in this field between 2019-2021.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"165 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper estimates the gravity of bilateral trade in services at an aggregate level. The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of social and economic factors on the export of services. A large part of the trade-in services is directly or indirectly related to the tourism industry; therefore, the results of this research are mainly discussed from the perspective of the tourism industry. To achieve the paper's aim, we estimate the augmented gravity model on a sample of 5,359 trading partners from 2000 to 2018. We evaluate our model using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator. We include various fixed-effect dummies in our model to address the endogeneity issues. Our results show that standard gravity variables such as economic size and distance are significant for service trade. From the tourism industry perspective, it can be concluded that trade in tourism services is determined by the similarity in economic size, proximity, and common socio-economic factors such as common first language and shared religious beliefs. In contrast, common colonial history has no significant effects on service trade.
{"title":"The Determinants of Trade in Services With the Focus on Tourism","authors":"Alen Host","doi":"10.37741/t.71.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the gravity of bilateral trade in services at an aggregate level. The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of social and economic factors on the export of services. A large part of the trade-in services is directly or indirectly related to the tourism industry; therefore, the results of this research are mainly discussed from the perspective of the tourism industry. To achieve the paper's aim, we estimate the augmented gravity model on a sample of 5,359 trading partners from 2000 to 2018. We evaluate our model using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator. We include various fixed-effect dummies in our model to address the endogeneity issues. Our results show that standard gravity variables such as economic size and distance are significant for service trade. From the tourism industry perspective, it can be concluded that trade in tourism services is determined by the similarity in economic size, proximity, and common socio-economic factors such as common first language and shared religious beliefs. In contrast, common colonial history has no significant effects on service trade.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":"170 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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