Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-3
Zeinab Gvarishvili, Nana Mazmishvili
The objective of the present research is to study and analyze linguistic markers of threat utilized in English and Georgian online daily news (The Guardian and The Georgian Times) concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The study provides synchronic analysis of specific tendencies of utilization of threat techniques in the two languages. The research methodology implies qualitative and quantitative data analyses as well as corpus-based research aiming at determination of peculiarities of threat utterance and its function in persuasive communicative act and revealing similarities and differences between the two languages by contrasting and comparative methodologies.
{"title":"Tendencies of threat techniques utilization in the COVID-19 related discourse in Georgian and English online news reports","authors":"Zeinab Gvarishvili, Nana Mazmishvili","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present research is to study and analyze linguistic markers of threat utilized in English and Georgian online daily news (The Guardian and The Georgian Times) concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The study provides synchronic analysis of specific tendencies of utilization of threat techniques in the two languages. The research methodology implies qualitative and quantitative data analyses as well as corpus-based research aiming at determination of peculiarities of threat utterance and its function in persuasive communicative act and revealing similarities and differences between the two languages by contrasting and comparative methodologies.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83550232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-2
Zhuzhuna Gumbaridze
The present paper aims at exploring the use of a linguistic means of repetition as a persuasion strategy to achieve a communicative intention in a particular kind of discourse: addresses and opening remarks on COVID-19 related issues delivered at WHO and NCDC media briefings. The main objective is to investigate pragmatic function of repetition as a rhetorical device by means of which the text is assigned intentionality and the address becomes persuasive and manipulative as a consequence. Drawing on the assumption that such addresses lack a conversational space in which interactants would equally participate, a speaker takes a tough stance to bring forward ad hoc issues by utilizing repetition tactically and pervasively. This serves as a contributing factor to strengthening credibility of a speaker’s interpretation of the pandemic crisis and actions proposed. The study highlights that while attempting to persuade, threaten, frighten or deter the audience into sharing a particular opinion of the state of affairs and undertake a proposed action, the speaker utilizes a direct appeal to the audience with the aim of having a specific impact on their opinions or behavior. In such addresses repetition functions as the main linguistic device used for rhetorical purposes.
{"title":"Repetition as an effective rhetorical device in remarks at media briefings on COVID-19","authors":"Zhuzhuna Gumbaridze","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-2","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper aims at exploring the use of a linguistic means of repetition as a persuasion strategy to achieve a communicative intention in a particular kind of discourse: addresses and opening remarks on COVID-19 related issues delivered at WHO and NCDC media briefings. The main objective is to investigate pragmatic function of repetition as a rhetorical device by means of which the text is assigned intentionality and the address becomes persuasive and manipulative as a consequence. Drawing on the assumption that such addresses lack a conversational space in which interactants would equally participate, a speaker takes a tough stance to bring forward ad hoc issues by utilizing repetition tactically and pervasively. This serves as a contributing factor to strengthening credibility of a speaker’s interpretation of the pandemic crisis and actions proposed. The study highlights that while attempting to persuade, threaten, frighten or deter the audience into sharing a particular opinion of the state of affairs and undertake a proposed action, the speaker utilizes a direct appeal to the audience with the aim of having a specific impact on their opinions or behavior. In such addresses repetition functions as the main linguistic device used for rhetorical purposes.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78185916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-9
Michaela Trnová
This article presents a content analysis of vocabulary activities in selected lower-secondary coursebooks used in the Czech Republic. The aim was to verify the categorical system, which will be used in further research, and to determine if vocabulary is given more attention in current teaching materials than in those published 20 years ago.
{"title":"Aspects of vocabulary knowledge in current lower-secondary EFL coursebooks and coursebooks published 20 years ago","authors":"Michaela Trnová","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-9","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a content analysis of vocabulary activities in selected lower-secondary coursebooks used in the Czech Republic. The aim was to verify the categorical system, which will be used in further research, and to determine if vocabulary is given more attention in current teaching materials than in those published 20 years ago.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74673245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-8
Věra Sládková
This paper focuses on the frequency and accuracy of five types of grammatical collocations G8E-G8I (Benson et al. 1986) in CZEMATELC, an English language learner corpus (8,338 types; 211,503 tokens) consisting of 1,841 English exam texts from the written part of the national school-leaving exams between 2015 and 2019. The findings reveal the prevalence of A1-A2 CEFR level colligations relying on a limited number of verb lemmas, a wide incorrect pattern variation and preference for patterns which are also the most frequent patterns of their Czech equivalents.
{"title":"Grammatical collocations in English exam texts written by Czech secondary-school students","authors":"Věra Sládková","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the frequency and accuracy of five types of grammatical collocations G8E-G8I (Benson et al. 1986) in CZEMATELC, an English language learner corpus (8,338 types; 211,503 tokens) consisting of 1,841 English exam texts from the written part of the national school-leaving exams between 2015 and 2019. The findings reveal the prevalence of A1-A2 CEFR level colligations relying on a limited number of verb lemmas, a wide incorrect pattern variation and preference for patterns which are also the most frequent patterns of their Czech equivalents.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76021394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-7
Aleksandra M. Radovanović
The present study explores central modals CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, and the semi-auxiliary verb BE ABLE TO in tourism discourse with a focus on register variation. A small-scale analysis conducted on the tailor-made corpus (c. 131,000 words) of three text types/registers (promotional texts, e-newsletters, and managerial responses to guests’ reviews) revealed an important variation across registers in the distribution of possibility modals, the degree to which their polysemantic nature is displayed and in their capacity to serve specific metadiscoursal functions. The findings clearly indicate that the causes of the observed variation lie in the influence stemming from the differing situational characteristics, especially communicative purposes, interactiveness, topic domains, and personal involvement.
本研究探讨了旅游语篇中中心情态CAN、COULD、MAY、MIGHT和半助动词BE ABLE TO的语域变异。对三种文本类型/语域(促销文本、电子通讯和对客人评论的管理回复)的定制语料库(约13.1万字)进行的一项小规模分析显示，在不同语域中，可能性情态的分布、其多义性的表现程度以及其服务特定元话语功能的能力存在重要差异。研究结果清楚地表明，所观察到的差异的原因在于不同情境特征的影响，特别是交际目的、互动性、话题领域和个人参与。
{"title":"Possibility modals in English tourism discourse: Variation across three web registers","authors":"Aleksandra M. Radovanović","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-7","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores central modals CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, and the semi-auxiliary verb BE ABLE TO in tourism discourse with a focus on register variation. A small-scale analysis conducted on the tailor-made corpus (c. 131,000 words) of three text types/registers (promotional texts, e-newsletters, and managerial responses to guests’ reviews) revealed an important variation across registers in the distribution of possibility modals, the degree to which their polysemantic nature is displayed and in their capacity to serve specific metadiscoursal functions. The findings clearly indicate that the causes of the observed variation lie in the influence stemming from the differing situational characteristics, especially communicative purposes, interactiveness, topic domains, and personal involvement.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75572046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-1
Jarmila Tárnyiková
My contribution, rooted in functional and systemic grammar, is based on the assumption that though discourse as a social behaviour and verbal interaction has been studied by great minds for decades, the dynamism of human evolution and the consequent changes in communicative strategies can hardly leave discourse analysts immune to a whole spectrum of new challenges. These are evoked by changes in the scope of items considered to be relevant for present-day research, by blurring the traditional borderlines between categories (written manifestation of spoken discourse in chatting), but before all by the existence of language corpora offering the immensity of data across genres, language varieties and language interfaces. A brief introduction (Part 1) will be followed by three main parts, focusing on reasons for multifacetedness in discourse (Part 2), whimsical nature of discourse (Part 3), and hands-on experience with overt language manifestations of vagueness, as exemplified by English placeholders (Mrs Thingy, John Whatsisname, whatchamacallit, so-and-so) emergent from the BNC and COCA corpora (Part 4). The aim is twofold: to map the facets which contribute to patterning and variation in discourse shaping, and by using authentic language data amplify the role of peripheral language devices in interaction.
我的贡献植根于功能和系统语法，是基于这样的假设:尽管话语作为一种社会行为和语言互动已经被伟大的思想家研究了几十年，但人类进化的活力和随之而来的交际策略的变化很难让话语分析者免受一系列新挑战的影响。这些都是由被认为与当今研究相关的项目范围的变化引起的，通过模糊类别之间的传统界限(聊天中口头话语的书面表现)，但首先是语言语料库的存在，提供了跨越体裁、语言品种和语言界面的大量数据。简要介绍(第1部分)之后将分为三个主要部分，重点介绍语篇中多面性的原因(第2部分)，语篇的异样性质(第3部分)，以及从BNC和COCA语料库中出现的英语占位符(Mrs Thingy, John Whatsisname, whatchamacallit，等等)的明显语言模糊表现的实践经验(第4部分)。目的有两个:通过使用真实的语言数据，绘制出话语塑造中导致模式和变化的各个方面，放大外围语言设备在互动中的作用。
{"title":"The multifaceted and whimsical nature of discourse","authors":"Jarmila Tárnyiková","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-1","url":null,"abstract":"My contribution, rooted in functional and systemic grammar, is based on the assumption that though discourse as a social behaviour and verbal interaction has been studied by great minds for decades, the dynamism of human evolution and the consequent changes in communicative strategies can hardly leave discourse analysts immune to a whole spectrum of new challenges. These are evoked by changes in the scope of items considered to be relevant for present-day research, by blurring the traditional borderlines between categories (written manifestation of spoken discourse in chatting), but before all by the existence of language corpora offering the immensity of data across genres, language varieties and language interfaces. A brief introduction (Part 1) will be followed by three main parts, focusing on reasons for multifacetedness in discourse (Part 2), whimsical nature of discourse (Part 3), and hands-on experience with overt language manifestations of vagueness, as exemplified by English placeholders (Mrs Thingy, John Whatsisname, whatchamacallit, so-and-so) emergent from the BNC and COCA corpora (Part 4). The aim is twofold: to map the facets which contribute to patterning and variation in discourse shaping, and by using authentic language data amplify the role of peripheral language devices in interaction.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83196813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-5
Markéta Malá
The paper explores the phraseology of English academic texts written by Czech university students in comparison with English L1 novice and expert academic writing, focussing on hedging patterns. It combines contrastive analysis and learner corpus research, taking as its starting point recurrent multi-word patterns overused or underused by both groups of novice writers (e.g. it can be said that and it seems ADJECTIVE that/to, respectively), or by English L2 writers (e.g. as it seems) in comparison with L1 expert writers. The findings suggest that when expressing epistemic stance in their English academic papers, Czech university students have to face two types of challenge – the more prominent ‘academic’ challenge, i.e. the lack of academic experience, and, despite their proficiency, also the ‘linguistic’ EFL challenge.
本文探讨了捷克大学生英语学术文章的措辞，并将其与英语一级初学者和专家学术文章进行了比较，重点研究了模糊限制语。它结合了对比分析和学习者语料库研究，以两组新手作家(例如，分别可以说和形容词that/to)或英语第二语言作家(例如，as It seems)与母语专家作家相比过度使用或未充分使用的重复多词模式为出发点。研究结果表明，当捷克大学生在英语学术论文中表达认知立场时，他们必须面临两种挑战——一种是更突出的“学术”挑战，即缺乏学术经验;另一种是尽管他们精通英语，但也面临“语言”挑战。
{"title":"Hedging like a professional: A corpus-driven approach to interactional metadiscourse in English learner academic writing","authors":"Markéta Malá","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the phraseology of English academic texts written by Czech university students in comparison with English L1 novice and expert academic writing, focussing on hedging patterns. It combines contrastive analysis and learner corpus research, taking as its starting point recurrent multi-word patterns overused or underused by both groups of novice writers (e.g. it can be said that and it seems ADJECTIVE that/to, respectively), or by English L2 writers (e.g. as it seems) in comparison with L1 expert writers. The findings suggest that when expressing epistemic stance in their English academic papers, Czech university students have to face two types of challenge – the more prominent ‘academic’ challenge, i.e. the lack of academic experience, and, despite their proficiency, also the ‘linguistic’ EFL challenge.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77988783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-6
Vanessa Marcella
Climate change is an environmental, social, cultural and political phenomenon which has led to a bitter controversy among political leaders, social movements, and activists. The aim of this case study is to analyze lexical innovations in climate change discourse in the micro-blogging service Twitter, and more in particular, in the use of English language through hashtags by a new generation of young activists, NGOs, and American and European politicians and organizations in the time frame from 2015 to 2020. By means of this case study, we prove that, through the creativity of hashtags, Twitter users can take part in the heart of a discussion related to climate change leading to a valuable interpretive framework.
{"title":"A comparison of climate change lexical creativity among American, European and international Twitter users","authors":"Vanessa Marcella","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-6","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an environmental, social, cultural and political phenomenon which has led to a bitter controversy among political leaders, social movements, and activists. The aim of this case study is to analyze lexical innovations in climate change discourse in the micro-blogging service Twitter, and more in particular, in the use of English language through hashtags by a new generation of young activists, NGOs, and American and European politicians and organizations in the time frame from 2015 to 2020. By means of this case study, we prove that, through the creativity of hashtags, Twitter users can take part in the heart of a discussion related to climate change leading to a valuable interpretive framework.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80020406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-4
Veronika Lovrits
In order to explore the social effects of the differentiation between ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ varieties of English, the present qualitative study followed six Anglophone trainees in an EU institution in Luxembourg. Data were gathered in 2018/19 and 2020/21, combining on-site observations with longitudinal and one-off interviews. Research incited participants’ reflections on language practices at work and mapped their discursive positioning. Conclusions drawn from a sociolinguistic analysis of stances show that, despite the vagueness and lack of clearly definable linguistic characteristics for the category, being labelled as ‘native English’ brought distinct negative effects to the experience of the ‘native English’ participants. The contribution highlights the social constructivist character of the native/non-native dichotomy and draws attention to its adverse effects in the multilingual workplace and beyond.
{"title":"Adverse ‘native speaker’ effects on Anglophones in the multilingual workplace","authors":"Veronika Lovrits","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-4","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explore the social effects of the differentiation between ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ varieties of English, the present qualitative study followed six Anglophone trainees in an EU institution in Luxembourg. Data were gathered in 2018/19 and 2020/21, combining on-site observations with longitudinal and one-off interviews. Research incited participants’ reflections on language practices at work and mapped their discursive positioning. Conclusions drawn from a sociolinguistic analysis of stances show that, despite the vagueness and lack of clearly definable linguistic characteristics for the category, being labelled as ‘native English’ brought distinct negative effects to the experience of the ‘native English’ participants. The contribution highlights the social constructivist character of the native/non-native dichotomy and draws attention to its adverse effects in the multilingual workplace and beyond.","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78753580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18820/9781928480174/03
J. MacFarlane, C. Kurt, G. Heydon, H. Roh
{"title":"\"Like giving a wheelchair to someone who should be walking\": Interpreter access and the problematisation of linguistic diversity in the justice system","authors":"J. MacFarlane, C. Kurt, G. Heydon, H. Roh","doi":"10.18820/9781928480174/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/9781928480174/03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65030,"journal":{"name":"语言研究","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75212509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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