Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.013
Norliza Ismail , Wan Yusmawati Wan Yusoff , Azuraida Amat , Nor Azlian Abdul Manaf , Nurazlin Ahmad
Solder joint, crucial component in electronic systems, face significant challenges when exposed to extreme conditions during applications. The solder joint reliability involving microstructure and mechanical properties will be affected by extreme conditions. Understanding the behaviour of solder joints under extreme conditions is vital to determine the durability and reliability of solder joint. This review paper aims to comprehensively explore the underlying failure mechanism affecting solder joint reliability under extreme conditions. This study covers an in-depth analysis of effect extreme temperature, mechanical stress, and radiation conditions towards solder joint. Impact of each condition to the microstructure including solder matrix and intermetallic compound layer, and mechanical properties such as fatigue, shear strength, creep, and hardness was thoroughly discussed. The failure mechanisms were illustrated in graphical diagrams to ensure clarity and understanding. Furthermore, the paper highlighted mitigation strategies that enhancing solder joint reliability under challenging operating conditions. The findings offer valuable guidance for researchers, engineers, and practitioners involved in electronics, engineering, and related fields, fostering advancements in solder joint reliability and performance.
{"title":"A review of extreme condition effects on solder joint reliability: Understanding failure mechanisms","authors":"Norliza Ismail , Wan Yusmawati Wan Yusoff , Azuraida Amat , Nor Azlian Abdul Manaf , Nurazlin Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solder joint, crucial component in electronic systems, face significant challenges when exposed to extreme conditions during applications. The solder joint reliability involving microstructure and mechanical properties will be affected by extreme conditions. Understanding the behaviour of solder joints under extreme conditions is vital to determine the durability and reliability of solder joint. This review paper aims to comprehensively explore the underlying failure mechanism affecting solder joint reliability under extreme conditions. This study covers an in-depth analysis of effect extreme temperature, mechanical stress, and radiation conditions towards solder joint. Impact of each condition to the microstructure including solder matrix and intermetallic compound layer, and mechanical properties such as fatigue, shear strength, creep, and hardness was thoroughly discussed. The failure mechanisms were illustrated in graphical diagrams to ensure clarity and understanding. Furthermore, the paper highlighted mitigation strategies that enhancing solder joint reliability under challenging operating conditions. The findings offer valuable guidance for researchers, engineers, and practitioners involved in electronics, engineering, and related fields, fostering advancements in solder joint reliability and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 134-158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.006
Hanshan Li, Xiaoqian Zhang
Aiming at the requirement of damage testing and evaluation of equivalent target plate based on the explosion of intelligent ammunition, this paper proposes a novel method for damage testing and evaluation method of circumferential equivalent target plate. Leveraging the dispersion characteristics parameters of fragment, we establish a calculation model of the fragment power situation and the damage calculation model under the condition of fragment ultimate penetration equivalent target plate. The damage model of equivalent target plate involves the fragment dispersion density, the local perforation damage criterion, the tearing damage model, and the damage probability. We use the camera to obtain the image of the equivalent target plate with fragment perforation, and research the algorithm of fragment distribution position recognition and fragment perforation area calculation method on the equivalent target plate by image processing technology. Based on the obtained parameters of the breakdown position and perforation area of fragments on equivalent target plate, we apply to damage calculation model of equivalent target plate, and calculate the damage probability of each equivalent target plate, and use the combined probabilistic damage calculation method to obtain the damage evaluation results of the circumferential equivalent target plate in an intelligent ammunition explosion experiment. Through an experimental testing, we verify the feasibility and rationality of the proposed damage evaluation method by comparison, the calculation results can reflect the actual damage effect of the equivalent target plate.
{"title":"An equivalent target plate damage probability calculation mathematics model and damage evaluation method","authors":"Hanshan Li, Xiaoqian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the requirement of damage testing and evaluation of equivalent target plate based on the explosion of intelligent ammunition, this paper proposes a novel method for damage testing and evaluation method of circumferential equivalent target plate. Leveraging the dispersion characteristics parameters of fragment, we establish a calculation model of the fragment power situation and the damage calculation model under the condition of fragment ultimate penetration equivalent target plate. The damage model of equivalent target plate involves the fragment dispersion density, the local perforation damage criterion, the tearing damage model, and the damage probability. We use the camera to obtain the image of the equivalent target plate with fragment perforation, and research the algorithm of fragment distribution position recognition and fragment perforation area calculation method on the equivalent target plate by image processing technology. Based on the obtained parameters of the breakdown position and perforation area of fragments on equivalent target plate, we apply to damage calculation model of equivalent target plate, and calculate the damage probability of each equivalent target plate, and use the combined probabilistic damage calculation method to obtain the damage evaluation results of the circumferential equivalent target plate in an intelligent ammunition explosion experiment. Through an experimental testing, we verify the feasibility and rationality of the proposed damage evaluation method by comparison, the calculation results can reflect the actual damage effect of the equivalent target plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 82-103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.008
Jong-Hwan Kim , Seungwon Baik , Jirui Fu , Joon-Hyuk Park
This study presents the ballistic limit velocity of small caliber projectiles against SS400 steel plate derived from live-fire ballistic experiments. Four different small caliber projectiles were tested against SS400 steel plates of 9 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm thicknesses. The ballistic limit velocity was calculated using two standard methods, MIL-STD-662F and NIJ-STD-0101.06, and additionally using a support vector machine algorithm. The results show a linear relationship between the plate thickness and ballistic limit velocity. Further, the relative penetration performance among five different small caliber projectiles was analyzed using the Penetration Performance Ratio (PPR) introduced in this study, which suggests the potential of PPR to predict the ballistic limit velocity of other untested materials and/or different projectiles.
{"title":"Ballistic limit velocity of small caliber projectiles against SS400 steel plates: Live fire experiments and empirical models","authors":"Jong-Hwan Kim , Seungwon Baik , Jirui Fu , Joon-Hyuk Park","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the ballistic limit velocity of small caliber projectiles against SS400 steel plate derived from live-fire ballistic experiments. Four different small caliber projectiles were tested against SS400 steel plates of 9 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm thicknesses. The ballistic limit velocity was calculated using two standard methods, MIL-STD-662F and NIJ-STD-0101.06, and additionally using a support vector machine algorithm. The results show a linear relationship between the plate thickness and ballistic limit velocity. Further, the relative penetration performance among five different small caliber projectiles was analyzed using the Penetration Performance Ratio (PPR) introduced in this study, which suggests the potential of PPR to predict the ballistic limit velocity of other untested materials and/or different projectiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 22-34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1186/s42825-024-00174-6
Xianghao Zuo, Yao Xiao, Jing Yang, Yuanmeng He, Yunxiang He, Kai Liu, Xiaoping Chen, Junling Guo
Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of global mortality and disability. In addition to traditional drug and surgical treatment, more and more studies investigate tissue engineering therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine. Collagen interweaves in the form of trimeric chains to form the physiological network framework of the extracellular matrix of cardiac and vascular cells, possessing excellent biological properties (such as low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility) and adjustable mechanical properties, which renders it a vital tissue engineering biomaterial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, promising advances have been made in the application of collagen materials in blood vessel prostheses, injectable cardiac hydrogels, cardiac patches, and hemostatic materials, although their clinical translation still faces some obstacles. Thus, we reviewed these findings and systematically summarizes the application progress as well as problems of clinical translation of collagen biomaterials in the cardiovascular field. The present review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the application of collagen biomaterials in cardiovascular medicine.
{"title":"Engineering collagen-based biomaterials for cardiovascular medicine","authors":"Xianghao Zuo, Yao Xiao, Jing Yang, Yuanmeng He, Yunxiang He, Kai Liu, Xiaoping Chen, Junling Guo","doi":"10.1186/s42825-024-00174-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42825-024-00174-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of global mortality and disability. In addition to traditional drug and surgical treatment, more and more studies investigate tissue engineering therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine. Collagen interweaves in the form of trimeric chains to form the physiological network framework of the extracellular matrix of cardiac and vascular cells, possessing excellent biological properties (such as low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility) and adjustable mechanical properties, which renders it a vital tissue engineering biomaterial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, promising advances have been made in the application of collagen materials in blood vessel prostheses, injectable cardiac hydrogels, cardiac patches, and hemostatic materials, although their clinical translation still faces some obstacles. Thus, we reviewed these findings and systematically summarizes the application progress as well as problems of clinical translation of collagen biomaterials in the cardiovascular field. The present review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the application of collagen biomaterials in cardiovascular medicine.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leather Science and Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://JLSE.SpringerOpen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42825-024-00174-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.004
Haoyu Zhang , Yuxin Xu , Lihan Xiao , Canjie Zhen
The accurate prediction of peak overpressure of explosion shockwaves is significant in fields such as explosion hazard assessment and structural protection, where explosion shockwaves serve as typical destructive elements. Aiming at the problem of insufficient accuracy of the existing physical models for predicting the peak overpressure of ground reflected waves, two physics-informed machine learning models are constructed. The results demonstrate that the machine learning models, which incorporate physical information by predicting the deviation between the physical model and actual values and adding a physical loss term in the loss function, can accurately predict both the training and out-of-training dataset. Compared to existing physical models, the average relative error in the predicted training domain is reduced from 17.459%–48.588% to 2%, and the proportion of average relative error less than 20% increased from 0% to 59.4% to more than 99%. In addition, the relative average error outside the prediction training set range is reduced from 14.496%–29.389% to 5%, and the proportion of relative average error less than 20% increased from 0% to 71.39% to more than 99%. The inclusion of a physical loss term enforcing monotonicity in the loss function effectively improves the extrapolation performance of machine learning. The findings of this study provide valuable reference for explosion hazard assessment and anti-explosion structural design in various fields.
{"title":"Physics-informed machine learning model for prediction of ground reflected wave peak overpressure","authors":"Haoyu Zhang , Yuxin Xu , Lihan Xiao , Canjie Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate prediction of peak overpressure of explosion shockwaves is significant in fields such as explosion hazard assessment and structural protection, where explosion shockwaves serve as typical destructive elements. Aiming at the problem of insufficient accuracy of the existing physical models for predicting the peak overpressure of ground reflected waves, two physics-informed machine learning models are constructed. The results demonstrate that the machine learning models, which incorporate physical information by predicting the deviation between the physical model and actual values and adding a physical loss term in the loss function, can accurately predict both the training and out-of-training dataset. Compared to existing physical models, the average relative error in the predicted training domain is reduced from 17.459%–48.588% to 2%, and the proportion of average relative error less than 20% increased from 0% to 59.4% to more than 99%. In addition, the relative average error outside the prediction training set range is reduced from 14.496%–29.389% to 5%, and the proportion of relative average error less than 20% increased from 0% to 71.39% to more than 99%. The inclusion of a physical loss term enforcing monotonicity in the loss function effectively improves the extrapolation performance of machine learning. The findings of this study provide valuable reference for explosion hazard assessment and anti-explosion structural design in various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 119-133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141416463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams primarily relies on internal reinforced bars. However, limited research has been conducted on the dynamic response of these bars. To address this gap, this study has established an analytical model using dimensional analysis for calculating the deformation of reinforced bars within RC beams subjected to contact explosion. Comparison with experimental data reveals that the model has a relative error of 5.22%, effectively reflecting the deformation of reinforced bars. Additionally, based on this model, the study found that while concrete does influence the deformation of reinforced bars, this influence can be disregarded in comparison to the material properties of the bars themselves. The findings of this study have implications for calculating the residual load-bearing capacity of damaged RC beams, evaluating the extent of damage to RC beams after blast loading, and providing guidance for the blast-resistant design of RC structures.
{"title":"Analysis model for damage of reinforced bars in RC beams under contact explosion","authors":"Chaozhi Yang , Zhengxiang Huang , Xin Jia , Wei Shang , Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams primarily relies on internal reinforced bars. However, limited research has been conducted on the dynamic response of these bars. To address this gap, this study has established an analytical model using dimensional analysis for calculating the deformation of reinforced bars within RC beams subjected to contact explosion. Comparison with experimental data reveals that the model has a relative error of 5.22%, effectively reflecting the deformation of reinforced bars. Additionally, based on this model, the study found that while concrete does influence the deformation of reinforced bars, this influence can be disregarded in comparison to the material properties of the bars themselves. The findings of this study have implications for calculating the residual load-bearing capacity of damaged RC beams, evaluating the extent of damage to RC beams after blast loading, and providing guidance for the blast-resistant design of RC structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A philosophy for the design of novel, lightweight, multi-layered armor, referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy (CAP), which can adapt to the passive protection of light-, medium-, and heavy-armored vehicles, is presented in this study. CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component. The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers, organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials. Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle, representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design. This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications, offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach. CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection, marking an evolutionary leap in the field. This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles, making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.
{"title":"Composite armor philosophy (CAP): Holistic design methodology of multi-layered composite protection systems for armored vehicles","authors":"Evangelos Ch. Tsirogiannis , Foivos Psarommatis , Alexandros Prospathopoulos , Georgios Savaidis","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A philosophy for the design of novel, lightweight, multi-layered armor, referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy (CAP), which can adapt to the passive protection of light-, medium-, and heavy-armored vehicles, is presented in this study. CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component. The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers, organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials. Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle, representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design. This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications, offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach. CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection, marking an evolutionary leap in the field. This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles, making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.34133/bdr.0046
Xin Zang, Undramaa Bat-Erdene, Weixue Huang, Zhongshou Wu, Steve E Jacobsen, Yi Tang, Jiahai Zhou
Dihydroxy acid dehydratase (DHAD) is the third enzyme in the plant branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway and the target for commercial herbicide development. We have previously reported the discovery of fungal natural product aspterric acid (AA) as a submicromolar inhibitor of DHAD through self-resistance gene directed genome mining. Here, we reveal the mechanism of AA inhibition on DHAD and the self-resistance mechanism of AstD, which is encoded by the self-resistance gene astD. As a competitive inhibitor, the hydroxycarboxylic acid group of AA mimics the binding of the natural substrate of DHAD, while the hydrophobic moiety of AA occupies the substrate entrance cavity. Compared to DHAD, AstD has a relatively narrow substrate channel to prevent AA from binding. Several mutants of DHAD were generated and assayed to validate the self-resistance mechanism and to confer Arabidopsis thaliana DHAD with AA resistance. These results will lead to the engineering of new type of herbicides targeting DHAD and provide direction for the ecological construction of herbicide-resistant crops.
二羟基酸脱水酶（DHAD）是植物支链氨基酸生物合成途径中的第三个酶，也是商业除草剂开发的目标。我们之前报道了通过自抗性基因定向基因组挖掘发现真菌天然产物aspterric acid（AA）是一种亚摩尔级的 DHAD 抑制剂。在此，我们揭示了 AA 对 DHAD 的抑制机制以及 AstD 的自我抗性机理，而 AstD 是由自我抗性基因 astD 编码的。作为一种竞争性抑制剂，AA的羟基羧酸基团模拟了DHAD天然底物的结合，而AA的疏水分子则占据了底物的入口空腔。与 DHAD 相比，AstD 的底物通道相对狭窄，无法与 AA 结合。为了验证 DHAD 的自我抗性机理并赋予拟南芥 DHAD AA 抗性，我们生成并检测了几个 DHAD 突变体。这些研究成果将有助于开发以 DHAD 为靶标的新型除草剂，并为抗除草剂作物的生态建设提供方向。
{"title":"Structural Bases of Dihydroxy Acid Dehydratase Inhibition and Biodesign for Self-Resistance.","authors":"Xin Zang, Undramaa Bat-Erdene, Weixue Huang, Zhongshou Wu, Steve E Jacobsen, Yi Tang, Jiahai Zhou","doi":"10.34133/bdr.0046","DOIUrl":"10.34133/bdr.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dihydroxy acid dehydratase (DHAD) is the third enzyme in the plant branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway and the target for commercial herbicide development. We have previously reported the discovery of fungal natural product aspterric acid (AA) as a submicromolar inhibitor of DHAD through self-resistance gene directed genome mining. Here, we reveal the mechanism of AA inhibition on DHAD and the self-resistance mechanism of AstD, which is encoded by the self-resistance gene <i>ast</i>D. As a competitive inhibitor, the hydroxycarboxylic acid group of AA mimics the binding of the natural substrate of DHAD, while the hydrophobic moiety of AA occupies the substrate entrance cavity. Compared to DHAD, AstD has a relatively narrow substrate channel to prevent AA from binding. Several mutants of DHAD were generated and assayed to validate the self-resistance mechanism and to confer <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> DHAD with AA resistance. These results will lead to the engineering of new type of herbicides targeting DHAD and provide direction for the ecological construction of herbicide-resistant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":56832,"journal":{"name":"生物设计研究(英文)","volume":"6 ","pages":"0046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.005
Pooja Naresh Bhatt , Rashmi Pandhare
The study projects a flexible and compact wearable pear-shaped Super High Frequency (SHF) antenna that can provide detailed location recognition and tracking applicable to defense beacon technology. This mini aperture with electrical dimensions of 0.12λ0 × 0.22λ0 × 0.01λ0 attains a vast bandwidth over 3.1–34.5 GHz Super High Frequency (SHF) frequency band at S11 ≤ −10 dB, peak gain of 7.14 dBi and proportionately homogeneous radiation pattern. The fractional bandwidth (% BW) acquired is 168% that envelopes diversified frequency spectrum inclusive of X band specifically targeted to all kinds of defense and military operations. The proposed antenna can be worn on a soldier's uniform and hence the Specific Absorption Rate simulation is accomplished. The Peak SAR Value over 1 g of tissue is 1.48 W/kg and for 10 g of tissue is 0.27 W/kg well under the safety standards. The flexibility is proven by analyzing the full electromagnetic simulations for various bending conditions. Time response analysis is attained with its Fidelity Factor and Group Delay. Communication excellence is determined using Link Budget Analysis and it is seen that margin at 100 Mbps is 62 m and at 200 Mbps is 59 m. Prototype is fabricated along with experimental validation. All the results show harmony in shaping the antenna to provide critical situational awareness and data sharing capabilities required in defense beacon technology for location identification.
{"title":"A tensile wearable SHF antenna with efficient communication in defense beacon technology","authors":"Pooja Naresh Bhatt , Rashmi Pandhare","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study projects a flexible and compact wearable pear-shaped Super High Frequency (SHF) antenna that can provide detailed location recognition and tracking applicable to defense beacon technology. This mini aperture with electrical dimensions of 0.12<em>λ</em><sub>0</sub> × 0.22<em>λ</em><sub>0</sub> × 0.01<em>λ</em><sub>0</sub> attains a vast bandwidth over 3.1–34.5 GHz Super High Frequency (SHF) frequency band at S<sub>11</sub> ≤ −10 dB, peak gain of 7.14 dBi and proportionately homogeneous radiation pattern. The fractional bandwidth (% BW) acquired is 168% that envelopes diversified frequency spectrum inclusive of X band specifically targeted to all kinds of defense and military operations. The proposed antenna can be worn on a soldier's uniform and hence the Specific Absorption Rate simulation is accomplished. The Peak SAR Value over 1 g of tissue is 1.48 W/kg and for 10 g of tissue is 0.27 W/kg well under the safety standards. The flexibility is proven by analyzing the full electromagnetic simulations for various bending conditions. Time response analysis is attained with its Fidelity Factor and Group Delay. Communication excellence is determined using Link Budget Analysis and it is seen that margin at 100 Mbps is 62 m and at 200 Mbps is 59 m. Prototype is fabricated along with experimental validation. All the results show harmony in shaping the antenna to provide critical situational awareness and data sharing capabilities required in defense beacon technology for location identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 198-210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.015
G. Murali , Anoop Kallamalayil Nassar , Madhumitha Swaminathan , Parthiban Kathirvel , Leong Sing Wong
Solid waste recycling is an economically sound strategy for preserving the environment, safeguarding natural resources, and diminishing the reliance on raw material consumption. Geopolymer technology offers a significant advantage by enabling the reuse and recycling of diverse materials. This research assesses how including silica fume and glass powder enhances the impact resistance of ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (UHPGC). In total, 18 distinct mixtures were formulated by substituting ground granulated blast furnace slag with varying proportions of silica fume and glass powder, ranging from 10% to 40%. Similarly, for each of the mixtures above, steel fibre was added at a dosage of 1.5% to address the inherent brittleness of UHPGC. The mixtures were activated by combining sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution to generate geopolymer binders. The specimens were subjected to drop-weight impact testing, wherein an examination was carried out to evaluate various parameters, including flowability, density at fresh and hardened state, compressive strength, impact numbers indicative of cracking and failure occurrences, ductility index, and analysis of failure modes. Additionally, the variations in the impact test outcomes were analyzed using the Weibull distribution, and the findings corresponding to survival probability were offered. Furthermore, the microstructure of UHPGC was scrutinized through scanning electron microscopy. Findings reveal that the specimens incorporating glass powder exhibited lower cracking impact number values than those utilizing silica fume, with reductions ranging from 18.63% to 34.31%. Similarly, failure impact number values decreased from 8.26% to 28.46% across glass powder contents. The maximum compressive and impact strength was recorded in UHPGC, comprising 10% silica fume with fibres.
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