Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.04.02
严晨之, 曹雪, 周磊, 修光利
Diethyl phthalate(DEP)is a typical plasticizer that has been widely detected in the environment.DEP possesses potential neurological and reproductive toxicities,which can affect the development motion behavior as well as certain biochemical parameters of organisms.The present study was designed to evaluate the eco-toxicity of DEP under different exposure scenarios(24 h,72 h and 10 d)at environmentally relevant concentrations(0,0.0002,0.002,0.02,0.2,2 mg /L)on Caenorhabditis elegans,a typical model animal.To this end,the body length width,head thrashing frequency,and biochemical indicators of C.elegans were applied as test endpoints to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of DEP.The results revealed that under 24 h exposure scenario,compared to the control group,DEP exhibited no distinct effect on the development of C.elegans at all exposure levels(P>0.05).In the case of 72 h exposure,DEP was found to inhibit the development of C.elegans compared with the control group.Specifically,the body length declined by 3.21%(P<0.05)at a DEP level of 2 mg/ L.Under 0.0002 mg /L DEP exposure,the body width was found to increase.Head thrashing frequency displayed stimulating effect when exposed to low DEP levels(<0.2 mg /L).When it was 0.0002 mg/ L,it increased by 5.52%(P<0.01).In addition,the physiological endpoints,including body length,body width and head thrashing frequency,decreased significantly by comparison with the control group at all exposure levels after 10 d exposure.Moreover,the levels of reactive oxygen species,lipofuscin and apoptosis increased significantly at 2 mg/ L.The results revealed that DEP exposure exhibited different toxicological effects on C.elegans,depending on the concentration and exposure scenarios.
{"title":"Ecotoxicological Effects of Diethyl Phthalate on Caenorhabditis elegans under Environmentally Relevant Concentrations","authors":"严晨之, 曹雪, 周磊, 修光利","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Diethyl phthalate(DEP)is a typical plasticizer that has been widely detected in the environment.DEP possesses potential neurological and reproductive toxicities,which can affect the development motion behavior as well as certain biochemical parameters of organisms.The present study was designed to evaluate the eco-toxicity of DEP under different exposure scenarios(24 h,72 h and 10 d)at environmentally relevant concentrations(0,0.0002,0.002,0.02,0.2,2 mg /L)on Caenorhabditis elegans,a typical model animal.To this end,the body length width,head thrashing frequency,and biochemical indicators of C.elegans were applied as test endpoints to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of DEP.The results revealed that under 24 h exposure scenario,compared to the control group,DEP exhibited no distinct effect on the development of C.elegans at all exposure levels(P>0.05).In the case of 72 h exposure,DEP was found to inhibit the development of C.elegans compared with the control group.Specifically,the body length declined by 3.21%(P<0.05)at a DEP level of 2 mg/ L.Under 0.0002 mg /L DEP exposure,the body width was found to increase.Head thrashing frequency displayed stimulating effect when exposed to low DEP levels(<0.2 mg /L).When it was 0.0002 mg/ L,it increased by 5.52%(P<0.01).In addition,the physiological endpoints,including body length,body width and head thrashing frequency,decreased significantly by comparison with the control group at all exposure levels after 10 d exposure.Moreover,the levels of reactive oxygen species,lipofuscin and apoptosis increased significantly at 2 mg/ L.The results revealed that DEP exposure exhibited different toxicological effects on C.elegans,depending on the concentration and exposure scenarios.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"33 1","pages":"2175-2182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.05.16
花瑞祥, 蓝艳
In order to identify and quantify the environmental effects of international trade and promote the construction of the Green Belt and Road,we calculated the environmental costs of the trade between China and ASEAN based on the input-output model of environmental economics,trade and pollutant emission intensity data from China-ASEAN yearbook,China statistical yearbook,World Bank and ASEAN yearbook.Moreover,we also identified the impact of socio-economic trade factors on environmental costs through redundancy analysis(RDA).The results showed that:(1)In 2010,the trade between China and ASEAN resulted in a pollution deficit in the discharge of industrial waste gas,fumes,sulfur dioxide,and solid waste,which decreased by 3600×10^8 m 3,3.8×10^4 t,19.7×10^4 t,9.8×10^4 t,respectively.However,there was a surplus in the discharge of industrial wastewater and dust,which was 5400×10^4 and 1.1×10^4 t,respectively.(2)The environmental effect of trade in heavily polluting industries was positive for China and the manufactured goods were the largest contributors.However,most severe environmental costs appeared in the trade in moderately polluting industries,and moderately environmental costs were observed in trade related to lightly polluting industries.(3)China′s trade with the low-income countries in ASEAN had negative effects on environment protection in China;on the contrary,trade with the middle-and high-income countries was beneficial to China′s environment.(3)The main factor affecting the environmental cost of China′s import trade was the urbanization rate and the share of industrial output value in GDP,and China′s export trade was export volume.It was suggested that China imported industrial products with large environmental costs from the developed countries in ASEAN,while exported a large number of primary industrial products to underdeveloped countries.This research shows that China should strengthen technological innovation and improve pollution emission standards,reduce the intensity of pollution emissions in heavily polluting industries,and optimize export structure to avoid becoming a‘pollution haven’.
{"title":"Environmental Effect of Free Trade between China and ASEAN and Impact Analysis of Key Socio-Economic Factors","authors":"花瑞祥, 蓝艳","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.05.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.05.16","url":null,"abstract":"In order to identify and quantify the environmental effects of international trade and promote the construction of the Green Belt and Road,we calculated the environmental costs of the trade between China and ASEAN based on the input-output model of environmental economics,trade and pollutant emission intensity data from China-ASEAN yearbook,China statistical yearbook,World Bank and ASEAN yearbook.Moreover,we also identified the impact of socio-economic trade factors on environmental costs through redundancy analysis(RDA).The results showed that:(1)In 2010,the trade between China and ASEAN resulted in a pollution deficit in the discharge of industrial waste gas,fumes,sulfur dioxide,and solid waste,which decreased by 3600×10^8 m 3,3.8×10^4 t,19.7×10^4 t,9.8×10^4 t,respectively.However,there was a surplus in the discharge of industrial wastewater and dust,which was 5400×10^4 and 1.1×10^4 t,respectively.(2)The environmental effect of trade in heavily polluting industries was positive for China and the manufactured goods were the largest contributors.However,most severe environmental costs appeared in the trade in moderately polluting industries,and moderately environmental costs were observed in trade related to lightly polluting industries.(3)China′s trade with the low-income countries in ASEAN had negative effects on environment protection in China;on the contrary,trade with the middle-and high-income countries was beneficial to China′s environment.(3)The main factor affecting the environmental cost of China′s import trade was the urbanization rate and the share of industrial output value in GDP,and China′s export trade was export volume.It was suggested that China imported industrial products with large environmental costs from the developed countries in ASEAN,while exported a large number of primary industrial products to underdeveloped countries.This research shows that China should strengthen technological innovation and improve pollution emission standards,reduce the intensity of pollution emissions in heavily polluting industries,and optimize export structure to avoid becoming a‘pollution haven’.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"33 1","pages":"2210-2218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43024585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.03.31
贾璇, 赵冰, 吴昊天, 吕峥, 任连海, 李鸣晓, 孟繁华
The increase in population and food demand poses challenges to agriculture and the excessive use of chemical fertilizer has led to the deterioration of soil functions in China.The green and sustainable development of agriculture is seriously affected due to the impoverished organic-matter and structural damages of the orchard soil.In this study,the effects of long-term application of food waste soil conditioner on the characteristics of soil aggregates and the generation and transformation of organic matter in barren orchards were carried out from the perspective of time and space.The proportion of soil granular structure(DR 0.25),mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD)and fractal dimensions of soil aggregates were investigated using food waste soil conditioner in the orchard soil.The results showed that under the application of food waste soil conditioner,microaggregates(<0.25 mm)in the surface soil of 0-20 cm increased,and the maximum value of proportion of water-stable aggregates(W w i)reached 23.04%after 3 years of the food waste soil conditioner application.Therefore,food waste soil conditioner application had the potential to improve the soil erosion resistance.With the long-term application of food waste soil conditioner,the DR 0.25 in 30-40 cm deep soil increased with time.The MWD and GMD were better than the blank group after 5 years of application the food waste soil conditioner.With the long-term application of food waste soil conditioner,the fractal dimensions decreased in 0-20 cm surface soil.Then,the minimum value of fractal dimensions was 2.13 after 5 years of treatment.These changes indicated that food waste soil conditioner application was conducive to improving the soil aggregate particle size distribution and the fractal features.Under the food waste soil conditioner application,the content of organic matter in 0.5-5 mm aggregates increased.Overall,the results showed that long-term application of food waste soil conditioner improved the particle size and organic matter distribution in aggregates,helped the generation and transformation of organic matter in aggregates,enhanced the stability of the aggregates and soil erosion resistance.
{"title":"Effects of Soil Aggregates Composition and Distribution Using Food Waste Soil Conditioner in the Orchard Soil","authors":"贾璇, 赵冰, 吴昊天, 吕峥, 任连海, 李鸣晓, 孟繁华","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.03.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.03.31","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in population and food demand poses challenges to agriculture and the excessive use of chemical fertilizer has led to the deterioration of soil functions in China.The green and sustainable development of agriculture is seriously affected due to the impoverished organic-matter and structural damages of the orchard soil.In this study,the effects of long-term application of food waste soil conditioner on the characteristics of soil aggregates and the generation and transformation of organic matter in barren orchards were carried out from the perspective of time and space.The proportion of soil granular structure(DR 0.25),mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD)and fractal dimensions of soil aggregates were investigated using food waste soil conditioner in the orchard soil.The results showed that under the application of food waste soil conditioner,microaggregates(<0.25 mm)in the surface soil of 0-20 cm increased,and the maximum value of proportion of water-stable aggregates(W w i)reached 23.04%after 3 years of the food waste soil conditioner application.Therefore,food waste soil conditioner application had the potential to improve the soil erosion resistance.With the long-term application of food waste soil conditioner,the DR 0.25 in 30-40 cm deep soil increased with time.The MWD and GMD were better than the blank group after 5 years of application the food waste soil conditioner.With the long-term application of food waste soil conditioner,the fractal dimensions decreased in 0-20 cm surface soil.Then,the minimum value of fractal dimensions was 2.13 after 5 years of treatment.These changes indicated that food waste soil conditioner application was conducive to improving the soil aggregate particle size distribution and the fractal features.Under the food waste soil conditioner application,the content of organic matter in 0.5-5 mm aggregates increased.Overall,the results showed that long-term application of food waste soil conditioner improved the particle size and organic matter distribution in aggregates,helped the generation and transformation of organic matter in aggregates,enhanced the stability of the aggregates and soil erosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"33 1","pages":"2163-2168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.03.03
夏心悦, 张建强, 郭玉文, 阮久莉, 王艺博, 张晋豫
Microplastics are emerging pollutants that can be founded in different environments.Microplastics mainly come from waste plastic products,they have a wide range of pollution and potential environmental pollution problems.The concentration of microplastics in wastewater from waste plastic recycling enterprises is much higher than that of other types of sewage.Hence,it is of great environmental significance to treat microplastics in the wastewater of waste plastics recycling enterprises.By simulating the production of wastewater from waste plastics recycling enterprises and flocculation precipitation,this study explored the influence of several factors that affect the removal rate of microplastics in wastewater including flocculant dosage,pH value,hydraulic stirring single factor and orthogonal experiment.The results showed that:(1)When the dosage of PAC was 10 mL,PAM was 7 mL and pH was 9,the stirring was divided into two stages,the first stage was stirred at 100 r /min for 40 s and the second stage was stirred at 200 r min for 40 s,the total removal of microplastics could reach the highest value of 91%.(2)The main factors affecting the removal efficiency of microplastics was the dosage of PAC and pH.(3)The removal of microplastics was related to their density.ABS with a high density had the highest removal rate,while PE with the lowest density had the lowest removal rate.(4)The removal rate of microplastics varied greatly with their particle size,and the removal efficiency was highest in the range of 0.1-0.25 mm with small particle size.The study shows that by controlling the dosage of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide,pH and stirring speed,the microplastics in wastewater can be effectively removed by flocculation and precipitation,so as to purify the wastewater containing microplastics.
微塑料是一种新兴的污染物，可以在不同的环境中发现。微塑料主要来源于废塑料制品，具有广泛的污染和潜在的环境污染问题。废塑料回收企业废水中微塑料的浓度远高于其他类型的污水。因此，对废塑料回收企业废水中的微塑料进行处理具有重要的环境意义。本研究通过模拟废塑料回收企业废水的产生及絮凝沉淀，探讨絮凝剂投加量、pH值、水力搅拌单因素及正交试验对废水中微塑料去除率的影响。结果表明:(1)当PAC的剂量是10毫升,PAM 7毫升和pH值是9,搅拌被分为两个阶段,第一阶段在100 r / min激起了40年代和第二阶段搅拌在200 r分钟40年代,全部切除的塑料微粒可能达到91%的最高价值。(2)的塑料微粒去除效率的主要影响因素是PAC的剂量和博士(3)的塑料微粒密度有关。(4)微塑料的去除率随粒径的不同而变化较大，在0.1 ~ 0.25 mm范围内，小粒径的去除率最高。研究表明，通过控制聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺的投加量、pH和搅拌速度，可以通过絮凝沉淀的方法有效去除废水中的微塑料，从而达到净化含微塑料废水的目的。
{"title":"Simulation Experiment of Microplastics Removal in Waste Plastic Regeneration Effluent","authors":"夏心悦, 张建强, 郭玉文, 阮久莉, 王艺博, 张晋豫","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are emerging pollutants that can be founded in different environments.Microplastics mainly come from waste plastic products,they have a wide range of pollution and potential environmental pollution problems.The concentration of microplastics in wastewater from waste plastic recycling enterprises is much higher than that of other types of sewage.Hence,it is of great environmental significance to treat microplastics in the wastewater of waste plastics recycling enterprises.By simulating the production of wastewater from waste plastics recycling enterprises and flocculation precipitation,this study explored the influence of several factors that affect the removal rate of microplastics in wastewater including flocculant dosage,pH value,hydraulic stirring single factor and orthogonal experiment.The results showed that:(1)When the dosage of PAC was 10 mL,PAM was 7 mL and pH was 9,the stirring was divided into two stages,the first stage was stirred at 100 r /min for 40 s and the second stage was stirred at 200 r min for 40 s,the total removal of microplastics could reach the highest value of 91%.(2)The main factors affecting the removal efficiency of microplastics was the dosage of PAC and pH.(3)The removal of microplastics was related to their density.ABS with a high density had the highest removal rate,while PE with the lowest density had the lowest removal rate.(4)The removal rate of microplastics varied greatly with their particle size,and the removal efficiency was highest in the range of 0.1-0.25 mm with small particle size.The study shows that by controlling the dosage of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide,pH and stirring speed,the microplastics in wastewater can be effectively removed by flocculation and precipitation,so as to purify the wastewater containing microplastics.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"33 1","pages":"2183-2190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46600004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.06.02
孙崇洋, 程翠云, 段显明, 杜艳春, 葛察忠
The ecological protection goal(‘Lucid Waters and Lush Mountain’,LWLM)and the economic development goal(‘Gold and Silver Mountains’,GSM)are referred to as the‘Two Mountains’in this article.The objective and scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’practices and the clarification of bottlenecks that may restrict the conversion of‘Two Mountains’practices are essential for promoting the advancement of these practices.Based on a clarification of the connotation of the‘Two Mountains’goals,this study establishes an index system for evaluating the effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’practices.In addition,this article analyzes 11 cities in Zhejiang Province in terms of the effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’practices.The results showed the following:(1)During 2008-2017,both the comprehensive development level and the‘Two Mountains’index displayed a fluctuating upward trend,and the comprehensive development level had an important impact on the‘Two Mountains’index.There were also obvious regional differences in the‘Two Mountains’index between the 11 cities.(2)The ranking of the LWLM index and the ranking of the GSM index largely developed in the opposite directions in the 11 cities.Cities such as Lishui and Quzhou ranked high in the LWLM index,but ranked low in the GSM index.(3)According to the distribution of the‘Two Mountains’index,the 11 cities in Zhejiang Province could be divided into three types:the LWLM-leading type,which was a leader in ecological protection,the GSM-leading type,which was a leader in economic development,and the synchronized type,where ecological protection and economic development advanced simultaneously.This study showed that,although Zhejiang Province has entered the third phase of the‘Two Mountains’construction,there are still a large differences between the 11 cities in terms of‘Two Mountains’construction.It also showed that regional development is uneven.Cities should adapt to their local conditions,make timely adjustments in their policies,and promote‘Two Mountains’practices.
{"title":"Construction of an Evaluation Index System to Calculate the Effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’Practices","authors":"孙崇洋, 程翠云, 段显明, 杜艳春, 葛察忠","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2020.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological protection goal(‘Lucid Waters and Lush Mountain’,LWLM)and the economic development goal(‘Gold and Silver Mountains’,GSM)are referred to as the‘Two Mountains’in this article.The objective and scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’practices and the clarification of bottlenecks that may restrict the conversion of‘Two Mountains’practices are essential for promoting the advancement of these practices.Based on a clarification of the connotation of the‘Two Mountains’goals,this study establishes an index system for evaluating the effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’practices.In addition,this article analyzes 11 cities in Zhejiang Province in terms of the effectiveness of‘Two Mountains’practices.The results showed the following:(1)During 2008-2017,both the comprehensive development level and the‘Two Mountains’index displayed a fluctuating upward trend,and the comprehensive development level had an important impact on the‘Two Mountains’index.There were also obvious regional differences in the‘Two Mountains’index between the 11 cities.(2)The ranking of the LWLM index and the ranking of the GSM index largely developed in the opposite directions in the 11 cities.Cities such as Lishui and Quzhou ranked high in the LWLM index,but ranked low in the GSM index.(3)According to the distribution of the‘Two Mountains’index,the 11 cities in Zhejiang Province could be divided into three types:the LWLM-leading type,which was a leader in ecological protection,the GSM-leading type,which was a leader in economic development,and the synchronized type,where ecological protection and economic development advanced simultaneously.This study showed that,although Zhejiang Province has entered the third phase of the‘Two Mountains’construction,there are still a large differences between the 11 cities in terms of‘Two Mountains’construction.It also showed that regional development is uneven.Cities should adapt to their local conditions,make timely adjustments in their policies,and promote‘Two Mountains’practices.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"33 1","pages":"2202-2209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44835486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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