Water science and engineering最新文献

Dynamic simulation-based assessment of water supply risks and emergency water demand in coastal cities 基于动态模拟的沿海城市供水风险与应急用水需求评估

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.09.005

Shuai Wei , Kai-rong Lin , Jing-wen Zhang , Tong-fang Li

Frequent saltwater intrusion induced by extreme climate events poses significant challenges to water supply security in coastal cities. This study developed a supply–demand balance model for urban water supply systems based on the system dynamics (SD) method, employing the supply–demand gap and water stress index (WSI) as risk indicators. Dynamic simulations were conducted in Zhongshan City in China across five development and 17 saltwater boundary scenarios, and corresponding emergency water reserve requirements were proposed for emergency durations of 10–60 d. The results showed no supply–demand gaps from 2016 to 2023, although water supply was notably affected by saltwater intrusion. The highest risk occurred in 2021 when saltwater fronts reached the Renyi and Dafeng intakes, resulting in a peak WSI of 0.45. Water demand would peak in 2035 across all development scenarios. The economic development scenario exhibited the highest demand, the conservation development scenario the lowest, and the comprehensive development scenario the second lowest, with the latter balancing economic and social development with resource conservation, enhancing its policy relevance. Across the 17 saltwater boundary scenarios, the conservation development scenario demonstrated the lowest WSI values (0–6.74) and water supply risk level, followed by the comprehensive development scenario (with WSI values of 0–7.11), while the economic development scenario demonstrated the highest WSI values (0–7.84) and water supply risk level. Under worst-case saltwater conditions with 60-d emergency reserves, supply–demand gaps in 2030 would reach 7.938 × 10⁷ m³ and 8.928 × 10⁷ m³ in the conservation and economic development scenarios, respectively, and increase to 10.164 × 10⁷ m³ and 12.354 × 10⁷ m³ by 2035. This methodology offers actionable insights for coastal cities to optimize development strategies and emergency water reserve planning.

极端气候事件引发的频繁盐水入侵对沿海城市供水安全构成重大挑战。基于系统动力学（SD）方法，以供需缺口和水资源压力指数（WSI）为风险指标，建立了城市供水系统供需平衡模型。以中山市为研究对象，进行了5种开发方案和17种咸水边界方案的动态模拟，并提出了10-60 d的应急水资源储备需求。结果表明，2016 - 2023年，中山市水资源供应不存在供需缺口，但咸水入侵对水资源供应的影响较为明显。2021年，当咸水锋到达仁义和大丰入口时，风险最高，导致WSI峰值为0.45。在所有发展情景中，水需求都将在2035年达到峰值。经济发展情景的需求最高，保护发展情景的需求最低，综合发展情景的需求次之，后者在经济社会发展与资源保护之间取得了平衡，增强了其政策相关性。在17个咸水边界情景中，保护开发情景的WSI值最低（0-6.74），供水风险水平最低，综合开发情景次之（0-7.11），经济发展情景的WSI值最高（0-7.84），供水风险水平最高。在最坏情况下，60 d应急储备条件下，2030年节约和经济发展情景下的供需缺口分别为7.938 × 107 m3和8.928 × 107 m3，到2035年将分别增加到10.164 × 107 m3和12.354 × 107 m3。该方法为沿海城市优化发展战略和应急水储备规划提供了可操作的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of recycled wastewater on soil enzymatic microbial activities during a long-term irrigation trial 长期灌溉试验中再生废水对土壤酶微生物活性的影响

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.09.006

Adéla Puškáčová, Dominik Matýsek, Daniel Pliska, Iveta Růžičková, Jiří Wanner

Wastewater reuse offers a potential solution to global drought and water scarcity but may have environmental impacts, particularly on soil microbial communities and their metabolic activities. This study investigated the effect of selected irrigation water types on soil bacterial enzymatic activities. Three differently treated urban wastewaters (secondary effluent, ultraviolet (UV)-treated effluent, and ultrafiltration (UF)/UV-treated effluent) were compared with river water over a two-year irrigation period. Soil samples were regularly analysed for potential nitrification activity (PNA) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The results indicate that treated wastewater significantly increased DHA in surface soil (at depths of 0–25 cm), with the greatest increase observed for the UF/UV-treated effluent (up to a 59% increase relative to the initial value). In contrast, PNA decreased by up to 82% during the first year across all treatments, suggesting a shift in microbial community structure away from nitrifiers. In the second year, microbial activity stabilised across all treatments. Statistically significant correlations were identified between soil temperature, humus content, and enzymatic activity (p < 0.001). These findings imply that wastewater reuse enhances total microbial biomass and potentially alters nitrogen cycling dynamics, underscoring the need for targeted monitoring of soil microbiological health in long-term wastewater reuse scenarios.

废水回用为全球干旱和水资源短缺提供了一个潜在的解决方案，但可能对环境产生影响，特别是对土壤微生物群落及其代谢活动。研究了不同灌水类型对土壤细菌酶活性的影响。在两年的灌溉期内，将三种不同处理的城市废水（二级出水、紫外线处理出水和超滤/紫外线处理出水）与河水进行了比较。定期分析土壤样品的潜在硝化活性（PNA）和脱氢酶活性（DHA）。结果表明，处理后的废水显著增加了表层土壤（深度0-25 cm）中的DHA， UF/ uv处理后的废水增幅最大（相对于初始值增加了59%）。相比之下，在所有处理的第一年，PNA下降了82%，这表明微生物群落结构从硝化物转移。第二年，微生物活动在所有处理中都趋于稳定。土壤温度、腐殖质含量和酶活性之间存在显著的统计学相关性（p < 0.001）。这些发现表明，废水回用提高了总微生物生物量，并可能改变氮循环动力学，强调了在长期废水回用情景中有针对性地监测土壤微生物健康的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Irrigation and percolation management for reducing water footprint and nutrient leaching in rice-based ecosystems 减少水稻生态系统水足迹和养分淋失的灌溉和渗透管理

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.09.004

Md. Mamun Rana , Khalid Mahmud , Atiqur Rahman , M.M.R. Jahangir , M.G. Mostofa Amin

Inefficient water management can lead to water and nutrient losses in rice cultivation, causing economic and environmental challenges. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation and percolation management on nutrient leaching, rice yield, and water footprint using field lysimeters during the Aman (wet) and Boro (dry) seasons in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Irrigation treatments included zero ponding (saturated soil), 2-cm ponding, and 5-cm ponding, while percolation management involved uncontrolled percolation, reuse of percolated water, and no percolation. Leachate samples collected every 10 d were analyzed for mineral nitrogen and available phosphorus, with yield and water use measurements. The zero ponding treatment yielded lower water footprints in the Aman and Boro seasons (1 224 L/kg and 1 289 L/kg, respectively) than the 2-cm ponding (1 252 L/kg and 1 662 L/kg, respectively) and 5-cm ponding (1 360 L/kg and 1 953 L/kg, respectively) treatments, with comparable grain yields. The no-percolation treatment increased tiller count in the Aman season but had no significant effect in the Boro season. The uncontrolled percolation treatment resulted in total percolated water depths of 10–13 cm and 20–21 cm in the Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. The no-percolation treatment led to lower water footprints (1 224–1 289 L/kg) than the uncontrolled percolation (1 409–1 706 L/kg) and percolation-reuse (1 448–1 516 L/kg) treatments. Percolation reuse reduced phosphorus leaching in the Aman season, lowered

{NH}_{4}^{+} - N

leaching late in the Boro season, and decreased

{NO}_{3}^{-} - N

leaching in multiple events compared to uncontrolled percolation. These findings inform improved water and nutrient management strategies in rice ecosystems for enhanced sustainability.

低效的水资源管理可能导致水稻种植中的水分和养分流失，从而造成经济和环境挑战。本研究在孟加拉国Mymensingh的Aman（湿）季和Boro（干）季，利用田间渗滤仪评估了灌溉和渗滤管理对养分淋失、水稻产量和水足迹的影响。灌溉处理包括零池塘（饱和土壤）、2厘米池塘和5厘米池塘，而渗透管理包括不受控制的渗透、重复使用渗透水和不渗透。每10 d收集一次渗滤液样品，分析其矿物氮和有效磷，并测量其产量和用水量。在产量相当的情况下，无积水处理在安曼和博罗两季的水足迹分别为1 224 L/kg和1 289 L/kg，低于2 cm积水处理（1 252 L/kg和1 662 L/kg）和5 cm积水处理（1 360 L/kg和1 953 L/kg）。无渗处理在阿曼季增加了分蘖数，而在波罗季无显著效果。不加控制的渗滤处理使阿曼季和波罗季的总渗滤水深度分别达到10 ~ 13 cm和20 ~ 21 cm。无渗处理的水足迹（1 224 ~ 289 L/kg）低于无渗处理（1 409 ~ 1 706 L/kg）和渗回用处理（1 448 ~ 1 516 L/kg）。与不受控制的渗流相比，渗流回用降低了Aman季节的磷淋失，降低了Boro季节后期的NH4+-N淋失，并在多个事件中降低了NO3−-N淋失。这些发现为改进水稻生态系统的水和养分管理战略以提高可持续性提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and ecological risk of typical pesticides in a river–lake system 某江湖系统典型农药的发生与生态风险

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.09.003

Yi-hao Qin , Hui-jin Cao , Lv Zhou , Chen Cheng , Run-ren Jiang , Xun Zhou , Xin-hua Li , Jian-chao Liu

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture and can enter river–lake systems through surface runoff, adversely affecting non-target organisms and threatening ecological security. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of 52 pesticides in a typical river–lake system in China and evaluated their ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The average total pesticide concentration in surface water was 203.05 ng/L, with carbendazim being the dominant pollutant, contributing 23.66% to the contamination. In sediments, the average pesticide concentration was 6.34 ng/g, with tebuconazole being the primary contributor at 28.57%. Fungicides were the main pesticide type in both river water and sediments, accounting for 76.86% and 85.10%, respectively. Pesticides predominantly accumulated in lake sediments, with the small lake showing high pesticide concentrations near river outflow areas and the large lake accumulating pesticides near lake inlets. Pesticide concentrations in both water and sediments increased downstream along rivers. Ecological risk assessment revealed high mixed risks to algae, daphnia, and fish, with risk levels rising along with trophic levels of aquatic organisms. The correlation between pesticide concentration and mixed ecological risk was weaker for algae than for daphnia and fish, and certain pesticides posed high risks to algae even at low concentrations, indicating more targeted toxicity for lower trophic organisms. These findings provide reference data for ecological risk assessment and pesticide pollution management in river–lake systems in agricultural regions.

农药在农业中广泛使用，可通过地表径流进入河湖系统，对非目标生物产生不利影响，威胁生态安全。本研究调查了52种农药在中国典型河湖系统中的发生分布，并评价了其对水生生物的生态风险。地表水中农药总浓度平均为203.05 ng/L，多菌灵为优势污染物，占污染总量的23.66%。沉积物中农药平均浓度为6.34 ng/g，以苯唑为主要贡献源，占28.57%；河水和底泥中杀菌剂均为主要农药类型，分别占76.86%和85.10%。农药主要积聚在湖泊沉积物中，小湖泊在河流出水区附近农药浓度较高，大湖泊在湖泊入水口附近农药浓度较高。在河流下游，水和沉积物中的农药浓度都有所增加。生态风险评估显示，藻类、水蚤和鱼类的混合风险较高，风险水平随水生生物的营养水平升高而升高。与水蚤和鱼类相比，藻类的农药浓度与混合生态风险的相关性较弱，某些农药即使在低浓度下也对藻类具有较高的风险，这表明对低营养生物的毒性更强。研究结果可为农区江湖生态风险评价和农药污染治理提供参考数据。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of scour depth at a single non-submerged vertical spur dike under unidirectional currents 单向水流作用下单条非淹没直堤冲刷深度的估算

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.09.002

HtayHtay Aung , Min-xi Zhang , Giuseppe Oliveto , Beniamino Onorati , Guo-liang Yu

Accurately estimating equilibrium scour depths at spur dikes remains challenging due to the complexity of scour around these structures. Scour critically threatens spur dikes built in river estuaries for enhancing navigability and preventing bank erosion. This study conducted 41 experiments to determine the approach flow velocity corresponding to scour initiation at a non-submerged spur dike, which enables prediction of equilibrium scour depth. The results showed that scour incipient velocity depended on spur geometry, approach flow characteristics, and sediment properties, rather than being a fixed value. A new formula for equilibrium scour depth prediction was proposed, based on the scour incipient velocity and the excess abutment Froude number, yielding a determination coefficient of 0.93. The formula demonstrated broader applicability and greater accuracy than previously reported formulas, with 98% of data within a ±25% error margin. The dimensionless sediment size was introduced to capture the effects of sediment size on scour, providing an alternative to the sediment coarseness ratio, which is challenging to replicate in laboratory settings. These findings offer valuable guidance for engineering design and protection of spur dikes under unidirectional flow.

由于直堤周围冲刷的复杂性，准确估计直堤的平衡冲刷深度仍然具有挑战性。冲刷严重威胁着建在河口的用于增强通航性和防止河岸侵蚀的堤防。本研究通过41次试验，确定了非淹没直堤冲刷起始对应的进近流速，从而预测了平衡冲刷深度。结果表明，冲蚀初速度不是一个固定值，而是与冲刺几何形状、接近流特性和泥沙性质有关。提出了基于冲刷初速度和过量桥台弗劳德数的平衡冲刷深度预测公式，其决定系数为0.93。该公式比以前报道的公式具有更广泛的适用性和更高的准确性，98%的数据误差在±25%以内。引入无因次泥沙粒度来捕捉泥沙粒度对冲刷的影响，提供泥沙粗度比的替代方法，后者在实验室环境中很难复制。研究结果对单向流条件下直堤的工程设计和防护具有重要的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-time scale estimation of water retention in a humid basin in southern China using SWAT model 基于SWAT模型的华南湿润流域保水多时间尺度估算

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.09.001

Lin-xia Gao , Wan-qiu Xing , You Cheng , Zhi-yu Feng , Wei-guang Wang , Ruo-han Wang

Water conservation, a critical ecosystem service, is primarily quantified through water retention (WR), which plays a pivotal role in sustainable socio-economic development and water resources management. However, the absence of multi-temporal modeling of land use and climate change impacts on eco-hydrological processes limits the accurate estimation of WR, particularly in humid regions. This study employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model coupled with the water balance principle to estimate WR in the source area of the Xin'an River (SXAR) in China from 2009 to 2017. The multi-temporal variations of WR and its response to climate and land use changes were analyzed through scenario-based hydrological simulations. Results indicated that annual WR ranged from 256.4 mm to 412.7 mm, monthly WR varied between 0 mm and 67.6 mm, and peak daily WR coincided with extreme rainfall events. Precipitation and evapotranspiration were identified as the primary factors influencing WR variability at daily and monthly scales. Spatially, higher WR values were observed in the northeastern SXAR, reflecting the influences of land use patterns and topography. Notably, agricultural land exhibited negative WR during summer months due to crop water storage demands. Overall, climate change exerted more immediate effects on WR at shorter timescales, whereas land use change produced longer-term impacts. This study offers valuable theoretical insights into WR mechanisms of response to environmental changes and provides practical guidance for water resources planning and management in humid and sub-humid regions.

水资源保护是一项重要的生态系统服务，主要通过保水（WR）进行量化，保水在可持续社会经济发展和水资源管理中发挥着关键作用。然而，缺乏土地利用和气候变化对生态水文过程影响的多时相模拟，限制了对水分比的准确估计，特别是在潮湿地区。利用SWAT模型结合水量平衡原理，对2009 - 2017年中国新安江源区水势进行了估算。通过基于情景的水文模拟，分析了流域水资源的时空变化特征及其对气候和土地利用变化的响应。结果表明：年降水量在256.4 ~ 412.7 mm之间，月降水量在0 ~ 67.6 mm之间，日降水量峰值与极端降水事件相吻合。在日和月尺度上，降水和蒸散发是影响WR变率的主要因子。从空间上看，西南干旱区东北部WR值较高，反映了土地利用方式和地形的影响。值得注意的是，由于作物储水需求，农业用地在夏季表现为负水分比。总体而言，气候变化在更短的时间尺度上对水资源利用产生更直接的影响，而土地利用变化产生更长期的影响。该研究为研究水水响应环境变化的机制提供了有价值的理论见解，并为湿润和亚湿润地区的水资源规划和管理提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes: An efficient method for pollutant reduction in paper mill wastewater and sludge analysis 铝电极连续电絮凝：一种有效的造纸废水和污泥分析方法

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.08.002

Neha Pandey , Chandrakant Thakur , Nayna Agarwal , Kapil Kumar

Electrochemical reactors play a vital role in scaling up wastewater treatment processes, with efficiency influenced by electrode material, reactor geometry, flow dynamics, power supply, and operational mode. This study investigated the continuous electrocoagulation treatment of paper mill wastewater using a reactor equipped with four aluminum electrodes. The effects of flow rate (0.1–0.6 L/min) and retention time on pollutant removal efficiency were examined. Effluent was continuously fed into the reactor via a peristaltic pump, ensuring controlled inflow and uniform distribution for optimal treatment conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that 80% removal of total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and color was achieved under optimal conditions: a pH value of 5.0, a conductivity of 7.59 mS/cm, an electrode gap of 1.38 cm, a current density of 10.72 mA/cm², a retention time of 120 min, and a flow rate of 0.1 L/min. The sludge generated during treatment was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to assess its composition and potential for reuse or safe disposal. Additionally, the pollutant removal mechanism using aluminum electrodes was elucidated. This study provides a novel contribution by exploring a continuous-flow electrocoagulation system for pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment, an area with limited prior research, and by integrating detailed sludge characterization to evaluate treatment performance and resource recovery potential. These results underscore the effectiveness of continuous electrocoagulation for treating paper mill effluents, advancing sustainable wastewater management practices.

电化学反应器在污水处理过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，其效率受电极材料、反应器几何形状、流动动力学、电源和操作方式的影响。采用四铝电极反应器对造纸废水进行了连续电絮凝处理。考察了流速（0.1 ~ 0.6 L/min）和停留时间对污染物去除率的影响。污水通过蠕动泵连续进入反应器，确保控制流入量和均匀分布，以达到最佳处理条件。实验结果表明，在pH值为5.0，电导率为7.59 mS/cm，电极间隙为1.38 cm，电流密度为10.72 mA/cm2，保持时间为120 min，流速为0.1 L/min的最佳条件下，总溶解固体、总有机碳、化学需氧量和颜色去除率达到80%。利用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散x射线光谱、x射线衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱对处理过程中产生的污泥进行了表征，以评估其成分和再利用或安全处置的潜力。此外，还对铝电极去除污染物的机理进行了探讨。本研究通过探索连续流电凝系统处理纸浆和造纸厂废水提供了新的贡献，这是一个先前研究有限的领域，并通过整合详细的污泥特性来评估处理性能和资源回收潜力。这些结果强调了连续电絮凝处理造纸厂废水的有效性，促进了废水的可持续管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Z-scheme Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 heterojunction for efficient antibiotic degradation via persulfate activation under visible light Z-scheme Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4异质结在可见光下通过过硫酸盐活化高效降解抗生素

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.08.003

Phuong Thu Le , Thu Phuong Nguyen , Hong Nam Nguyen , Thu Huong Tran , Thi Hai Do , Phan Thi Thuy , Thi Mai Thanh Dinh , Toshiki Tsubota , Vinh Duc Nguyen , Trung Dung Nguyen

The growing prevalence of emerging pollutants has spurred increasing research interest in developing novel materials for treatment. In this study, a Z-scheme Bi₂MoO₆/g-C₃N₄ (BMCN) photocatalyst was facilely synthesized via a solvothermal technique and employed to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) under visible light irradiation. The system of the BMCN photocatalyst with 20% g-C₃N₄ (BMCN-20) combined with PDS under visible light irradiation (BMCN-20/PDS-Vis) achieved 89.04% ciprofloxacin (CFX) degradation within 90 min. PDS acted as an electron scavenger, suppressing recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs and enhancing CFX degradation via additional

{SO}_{4}^{\cdot -}

formation. The CFX degradation rate constant of the BMCN-20/PDS/Vis system was 1.33 and 2.31 times greater than those of Bi₂MoO₆/PDS and g-C₃N₄/PDS, respectively, attributed to efficient electron transfer with the Z-scheme BMCN-20. Scavenging experiments identified ¹O₂,

O_{2}^{\cdot -}

, and h⁺ as the primary reactive species driving CFX degradation. Mass spectrometry and density functional theory analyses confirmed the degradation pathways and revealed degradation intermediates. These findings demonstrate the potential of the BMCN-20/PDS/Vis system as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for antibiotic removal from wastewater.

新兴污染物的日益流行已经激发了越来越多的研究兴趣，开发新的材料的处理。本研究采用溶剂热法合成了一种Z-scheme Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 （BMCN）光催化剂，并利用该催化剂在可见光下活化过硫酸氢盐（PDS）。含20% g-C3N4 （BMCN-20）的BMCN光催化剂与可见光照射下的PDS （BMCN-20/PDS- vis）体系在90 min内对环丙沙星（CFX）的降解率达到89.04%。PDS作为电子清除剂，抑制光生成的电子-空穴对的重组，并通过额外的SO4·−生成增强CFX的降解。BMCN-20/PDS/Vis体系的CFX降解速率常数分别是Bi2MoO6/PDS和g-C3N4/PDS的1.33倍和2.31倍，这主要归功于BMCN-20的高效电子转移。清除实验发现，1O2、O2·−和h+是驱动CFX降解的主要反应物质。质谱分析和密度泛函理论分析证实了降解途径并揭示了降解中间体。这些发现证明了BMCN-20/PDS/Vis系统作为一种有效且环保的废水抗生素去除方法的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing climate change impacts on streamflow in upper Han River Basin using deep learning models ensembled with Bayesian model averaging 基于Bayesian模型平均的深度学习模型评估气候变化对汉江上游河流流量的影响

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.08.004

Xin Wang , Chao Deng , Xin Yin , Jia Wei , Jia-cheng Zou

Accurate streamflow prediction under climate change is essential for mitigating natural disasters and optimizing water resources management. However, streamflow prediction is subject to considerable uncertainties due to the complexity of hydrological model structures, parameterization, and input forcing data. This study predicted monthly streamflow in the upper Han River Basin in China under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, using climate projections from five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models. Bias correction of climate model outputs was performed prior to streamflow simulation using four deep learning approaches: long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit, temporal convolutional network, and transformer. To reduce uncertainties inherent in individual deep learning models, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was employed to integrate their predictions. The results showed that the three deep learning models achieved satisfactory performance with Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) values exceeding 0.8, while BMA exhibited superior robustness and accuracy, with the highest NSE and lowest root mean square error. Projected precipitation, mean air temperature, and potential evapotranspiration generally decreased during 2026–2100 relative to the historical period (1970–2017), suggesting a colder and drier regional climate. Streamflow was projected to decline significantly across all three scenarios, particularly from June to September, highlighting the potential for exacerbated water scarcity in the future.

气候变化条件下准确的流量预测对于减轻自然灾害和优化水资源管理至关重要。然而，由于水文模型结构、参数化和输入强迫数据的复杂性，流量预测受到相当大的不确定性的影响。利用5个耦合模式比对项目第6阶段（CMIP6）气候模式的气候预估结果，对3种共享社会经济路径（SSP）情景下中国汉江上游流域的月流量进行了预测。在水流模拟之前，使用长短期记忆、门控循环单元、时间卷积网络和变压器四种深度学习方法对气候模型输出进行偏差校正。为了减少单个深度学习模型固有的不确定性，采用贝叶斯模型平均（BMA）对其预测进行整合。结果表明，3种深度学习模型均取得了满意的效果，Nash-Sutcliffe模型效率系数（NSE）均大于0.8，而BMA模型的NSE最高，均方根误差最小，具有较好的鲁棒性和准确性。2026-2100年预估降水量、平均气温和潜在蒸散量相对于历史时期（1970-2017年）总体呈下降趋势，表明区域气候偏冷偏干。预计在所有三种情况下，特别是从6月到9月，河流流量都将显著下降，这突显了未来水资源短缺加剧的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced degradation of dyes in secondary textile wastewater: Continuous-flow photoreactors using TiO2/chitosan/glycerol under UVA irradiation UVA辐照下TiO2/壳聚糖/甘油连续流光反应器对二次纺织废水中染料的强化降解

IF 4.3 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water science and engineering

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2025.08.001

Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang, Anh Thi-Kim Tran

One of advanced methods for treating textile wastewater is photocatalytic processes that decolorize and degrade organic pollutants. In this study, a photoreactor using TiO₂/chitosan/glycerol (TCG) beads under ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation was employed to degrade acid blue 193 (AB193) and treat secondary textile wastewater (STWW). The photoreactor's dye removal efficiency was evaluated by varying fixed TCG thickness, initial dye concentration, and hydraulic retention time. Optimal dye removal was achieved at 15 min in batch mode with fixed TCG thicknesses of 0.75–1.25 cm. The apparent rate constant (k_app) increased with initial dye concentration, indicating that the degradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The continuous-flow system exhibited lower removal efficiencies and rate constants (k_r) than the batch system, with k_r decreasing from 0.841 to 0.781 as the fixed TCG thickness increased from 0.75 cm to 1.75 cm. In contrast, the batch system showed a slight increase in k_r from 1.010 to 1.034. The batch system outperformed the continuous-flow photoreactor, particularly at high contaminant concentrations. In continuous-flow experiments, STWW decolorization slightly increased from 76.0% to 77.2%, while COD removal decreased from 83.7% to 78.8% with an increase in fixed TCG thickness from 0.75 cm to 1.25 cm. These findings demonstrate that the TCG beads combined with the continuous-flow photoreactor effectively treat textile wastewater, producing effluent that meets Vietnamese environmental standards.

光催化脱色和降解有机污染物是处理纺织废水的先进方法之一。本研究采用TiO2/壳聚糖/甘油（TCG）微球为光反应器，在UVA照射下降解酸性蓝193 （AB193）并处理二次纺织废水。通过改变固定TCG厚度、初始染料浓度和水力保留时间来评估光反应器的染料去除效率。在固定TCG厚度为0.75-1.25 cm的条件下，在15 min的间歇模式下达到最佳脱色效果。表观速率常数（kapp）随初始染料浓度的增加而增加，表明降解过程遵循准一级动力学。连续流体系的去除率和速率常数（kr）均低于间歇体系，随着TCG固定厚度从0.75 cm增加到1.75 cm， kr从0.841降低到0.781。相比之下，批处理体系的kr从1.010略微增加到1.034。间歇系统优于连续流光反应器，特别是在高污染物浓度下。在连续流实验中，随着固定TCG厚度从0.75 cm增加到1.25 cm， STWW脱色率从76.0%略微增加到77.2%，COD去除率从83.7%下降到78.8%。这些发现表明，TCG微球与连续流光反应器相结合，可以有效地处理纺织废水，产生符合越南环境标准的废水。

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