Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.007
Xun Li, Yan Zhang, Bin Peng, Jing-Yi Xu, Dan-Ju Zhang
Litter decomposition is crucial for restoration of burned areas in the alpine forests of northwestern Sichuan. With the indigenous tree species in the alpine region of Ganzi, Quercus semicarpifolia and Abies fabri, as the research objects, we set up five treatments, including single Q. semicarpifolia litter (Q), single A. fabri litter (A), and 3 mixed treatments (the two were mixed at a ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, namely QA3:1, QA1:1, and QA1:3). All the litters were incubated in a 600-day field decomposition experiment in forest burned areas. We explored the decomposition characteristics of recalcitrant substances (lignin, cellulose, and total phenols) during decomposition. The results showed that the lignin degradation rate of mixed litter was generally lower than that of single Q. semicarpifolia (except for QA3:1 decomposed for 600 d), but higher than that of single A. fabri (except for 120 d of decomposition). The degradation rates of cellulose and total phenols in mixed litter were generally higher than those in the two single tree species (except for the cellulose degradation in QA3:1 at 240 d, and the total phenol degradation in QA1:1 and QA1:3 at 120 and 240 d, respectively). During the decomposition process, the observed degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and total phenols were higher than the predicted values in 58.3%, 77.8% and 86.1% of the mixed leaf litter samples, respectively, exhibiting a synergistic trend. For the QA1:3 mixture, both cellulose and total phenol degradation rates exhibited significant synergistic effects throughout the 600-day decomposition. Lignin degradation rate at 240 d of decomposition was significantly correlated with initial lignin and total cellulose content, while it was significantly correlated with initial total phenolic content, total carbon, and total nitrogen content at 480 d of decomposition. Our results showed that litter mixture with a 1:3 ratio of Q. semicarpifolia and A. fabri facilitated the decomposition of the recalcitrant substances, thereby promoting soil organic carbon accumulation.
{"title":"[Dynamics of recalcitrant substances in mixed decomposition of indigenous tree species litter in alpine forest burned areas of Northwest Sichuan, China].","authors":"Xun Li, Yan Zhang, Bin Peng, Jing-Yi Xu, Dan-Ju Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Litter decomposition is crucial for restoration of burned areas in the alpine forests of northwestern Sichuan. With the indigenous tree species in the alpine region of Ganzi, <i>Quercus semicarpifolia</i> and <i>Abies fabri</i>, as the research objects, we set up five treatments, including single <i>Q. semicarpifolia</i> litter (Q), single <i>A. fabri</i> litter (A), and 3 mixed treatments (the two were mixed at a ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, namely QA<sub>3:1</sub>, QA<sub>1:1</sub>, and QA<sub>1:3</sub>). All the litters were incubated in a 600-day field decomposition experiment in forest burned areas. We explored the decomposition characteristics of recalcitrant substances (lignin, cellulose, and total phenols) during decomposition. The results showed that the lignin degradation rate of mixed litter was generally lower than that of single <i>Q. semicarpifolia</i> (except for QA<sub>3:1</sub> decomposed for 600 d), but higher than that of single <i>A. fabri</i> (except for 120 d of decomposition). The degradation rates of cellulose and total phenols in mixed litter were generally higher than those in the two single tree species (except for the cellulose degradation in QA<sub>3:1</sub> at 240 d, and the total phenol degradation in QA<sub>1:1</sub> and QA<sub>1:3</sub> at 120 and 240 d, respectively). During the decomposition process, the observed degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and total phenols were higher than the predicted values in 58.3%, 77.8% and 86.1% of the mixed leaf litter samples, respectively, exhibiting a synergistic trend. For the QA<sub>1:3</sub> mixture, both cellulose and total phenol degradation rates exhibited significant synergistic effects throughout the 600-day decomposition. Lignin degradation rate at 240 d of decomposition was significantly correlated with initial lignin and total cellulose content, while it was significantly correlated with initial total phenolic content, total carbon, and total nitrogen content at 480 d of decomposition. Our results showed that litter mixture with a 1:3 ratio of <i>Q. semicarpifolia</i> and <i>A. fabri</i> facilitated the decomposition of the recalcitrant substances, thereby promoting soil organic carbon accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.018
Qi Zeng, Dan-Dan Li, Ze-Jiang Cai, Nan Sun, Ming-Gang Xu
Soil acidification in agricultural lands has become an increasingly prominent issue, posing a serious threat to soil health. Alkaline amendments is a feasible approach to mitigate acidification, yet their effects on soil microbial properties remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis with literature published during 1980 to 2024, to examine the impacts of alkaline materials (lime and biochar) on soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial diversity in acidified soils. Results showed that both lime and biochar significantly increased soil pH (by 9.1% and 4.4%, respectively), with greater improvements at higher application rates. The strongest effects occurred within 0.25 years after application (19.7% for lime and 9.4% for biochar). Alkaline amendments were the most effective under high temperature (>16 ℃), high rainfall (>1200 mm), and strongly acidic soils (pH≤4.5). Lime and biochar increased microbial biomass carbon by 81.6% and 18.4%, respectively, with the greatest effects observed within 1-2 years. Higher lime application rates (3-6 t·hm-2·a-1) produced the strongest improvements, whereas biochar was more effective at lower rates (≤1.5 t·hm-2·a-1). Overall, microbial diversity increased by 2.5% following amendment application. Biochar enhanced microbial diversity most strongly within 0.25-0.5 years (14.1%), while lime required more than two years to achieve significant improvement (8.5%). Lime was more effective in low-temperature, low-rainfall regions (up to 6.8%), whereas biochar was better suited to high-temperature, high-rainfall regions (5.5%). Biochar influenced microbial properties indirectly by regulating soil pH, with microbial biomass and diversity showing significant positive correlations with soil pH. In contrast, lime-induced changes in microbial properties were strongly affected by application rate, climatic condition, and initial soil pH. This study clarified the acid-neutralizing effects and soil microbial regulation mechanisms of different alkaline amendments, providing a foundation for further exploration of the coupled physical, chemical, and biological restoration processes in the amelioration of acidified soils.
{"title":"[Liming and biochar effects on soil pH and microbial properties in acidified soils: A meta-analysis].","authors":"Qi Zeng, Dan-Dan Li, Ze-Jiang Cai, Nan Sun, Ming-Gang Xu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.018","DOIUrl":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil acidification in agricultural lands has become an increasingly prominent issue, posing a serious threat to soil health. Alkaline amendments is a feasible approach to mitigate acidification, yet their effects on soil microbial properties remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis with literature published during 1980 to 2024, to examine the impacts of alkaline materials (lime and biochar) on soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial diversity in acidified soils. Results showed that both lime and biochar significantly increased soil pH (by 9.1% and 4.4%, respectively), with greater improvements at higher application rates. The strongest effects occurred within 0.25 years after application (19.7% for lime and 9.4% for biochar). Alkaline amendments were the most effective under high temperature (>16 ℃), high rainfall (>1200 mm), and strongly acidic soils (pH≤4.5). Lime and biochar increased microbial biomass carbon by 81.6% and 18.4%, respectively, with the greatest effects observed within 1-2 years. Higher lime application rates (3-6 t·hm<sup>-2</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>) produced the strongest improvements, whereas biochar was more effective at lower rates (≤1.5 t·hm<sup>-2</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>). Overall, microbial diversity increased by 2.5% following amendment application. Biochar enhanced microbial diversity most strongly within 0.25-0.5 years (14.1%), while lime required more than two years to achieve significant improvement (8.5%). Lime was more effective in low-temperature, low-rainfall regions (up to 6.8%), whereas biochar was better suited to high-temperature, high-rainfall regions (5.5%). Biochar influenced microbial properties indirectly by regulating soil pH, with microbial biomass and diversity showing significant positive correlations with soil pH. In contrast, lime-induced changes in microbial properties were strongly affected by application rate, climatic condition, and initial soil pH. This study clarified the acid-neutralizing effects and soil microbial regulation mechanisms of different alkaline amendments, providing a foundation for further exploration of the coupled physical, chemical, and biological restoration processes in the amelioration of acidified soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.027
Ping Ye , Weimiao Wang , Xiaodong Li , Zhiqiang Qiao , Changping Guo , Jinjin He , Xu Zhou , Rui Li , Guangcheng Yang , Guoqing Lv
Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition, energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials (EMs). In this study, DATNBI/ferric alginate (DI/FeA), DI/cobalt alginate (DI/CoA), and DI/nickel alginate (DI/NiA) films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate (SA) with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix, via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions. The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films, with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°. Concurrently, the films' near-infrared (NIR) light absorption improved. Furthermore, transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer, thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, the DI/FeA film exhibits exceptional combustion performance, with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms. It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20. This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity, improved photosensitivity, and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material, providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.
{"title":"Enhanced hydrophobicity and photosensitivity of DATNBI/alginate films via ionic cross-linking for near-infrared laser ignition","authors":"Ping Ye , Weimiao Wang , Xiaodong Li , Zhiqiang Qiao , Changping Guo , Jinjin He , Xu Zhou , Rui Li , Guangcheng Yang , Guoqing Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition, energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials (EMs). In this study, DATNBI/ferric alginate (DI/FeA), DI/cobalt alginate (DI/CoA), and DI/nickel alginate (DI/NiA) films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate (SA) with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix, via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions. The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films, with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°. Concurrently, the films' near-infrared (NIR) light absorption improved. Furthermore, transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer, thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, the DI/FeA film exhibits exceptional combustion performance, with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms. It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20. This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity, improved photosensitivity, and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material, providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.031
Kangkang Li , Jianyong Xu , Xiaoting Lei , Mengzhe Yang , Jing Liu , Luqi Guo , Pengfei Cui , Dihua Ouyang , Chunpei Yu , He Cheng , Jiahai Ye , Wenchao Zhang
The presence of a surface oxide film (B2O3) on boron (B) particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants. This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma (NTP) etching with fluorocarbon passivation. Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen (H), electronically excited molecular hydrogen (H2∗), vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen (H2v), and hydrogen ions (H+)—dominate the reduction of B2O3 through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity. Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C8F18 generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings (thickness: 7 nm) on purified boron surfaces. The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5 °C lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2% higher heat release (14.8 kJ/g vs. 11.6 kJ/g) compared to untreated counterparts. Combustion diagnostics reveal 194% increase in maximum flame height (135.10 mm vs. 46.03 mm) and 134% enhancement in flame propagation rate (4.44 cm/s vs. 1.90 cm/s). This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing high-performance boron-based energetic composites.
硼(B)颗粒表面氧化膜（B2O3）的存在显著影响其在富燃料固体推进剂中的燃烧效率和动力学性能。本研究提出了一种将非热等离子体（NTP）蚀刻与氟碳钝化相结合的创新连续改性策略。表征和动力学分析表明，反应等离子体物质——包括原子氢(H)、电子激发分子氢（H2 *）、振动激发分子氢（H2v）和氢离子（H+）——通过降低跃迁能垒和改变反应自发性来主导B2O3的还原。随后，C8F18的氩等离子体碎裂产生氟碳自由基，在纯化的硼表面形成保形钝化涂层（厚度：7纳米）。与未处理的硼粒子相比，改性硼粒子的放热峰值温度降低了37.5℃，放热量增加了27.2% （14.8 kJ/g vs. 11.6 kJ/g）。燃烧诊断显示最大火焰高度增加194% (135.10 mm vs. 46.03 mm)，火焰传播速率增加134% （4.44 cm/s vs. 1.90 cm/s）。这种基于ntp的表面工程方法为开发高性能硼基高能复合材料建立了一条可扩展的途径。
{"title":"A high-energy powder with excellent combustion reaction performance: Surface modification strategy of boron powder based on non-thermal plasma","authors":"Kangkang Li , Jianyong Xu , Xiaoting Lei , Mengzhe Yang , Jing Liu , Luqi Guo , Pengfei Cui , Dihua Ouyang , Chunpei Yu , He Cheng , Jiahai Ye , Wenchao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of a surface oxide film (B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) on boron (B) particles significantly compromises their combustion efficiency and kinetic performance in fuel-rich solid propellants. This study proposes an innovative continuous modification strategy combining non-thermal plasma (NTP) etching with fluorocarbon passivation. Characterization and kinetic analysis revealed that reactive plasma species—including atomic hydrogen (H), electronically excited molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>∗), vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>v), and hydrogen ions (H<sup>+</sup>)—dominate the reduction of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> through lowering the transition energy barrier and shifting the reaction spontaneity. Subsequent argon plasma fragmentation of C<sub>8</sub>F<sub>18</sub> generates fluorocarbon radicals that form conformal passivation coatings (thickness: 7 nm) on purified boron surfaces. The modified boron particles exhibit 37.5 °C lower exothermic peak temperature and 27.2% higher heat release (14.8 kJ/g vs. 11.6 kJ/g) compared to untreated counterparts. Combustion diagnostics reveal 194% increase in maximum flame height (135.10 mm vs. 46.03 mm) and 134% enhancement in flame propagation rate (4.44 cm/s vs. 1.90 cm/s). This NTP-based surface engineering approach establishes a scalable pathway for developing high-performance boron-based energetic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.030
Chao Song , Hao Li , Bo Li , Jiacun Wang , Chunwei Tian
To address the issue of instability or even imbalance in the orientation and attitude control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (QUAVs) under random disturbances, this paper proposes a distributed anti-disturbance data-driven event-triggered fusion control method, which achieves efficient fault diagnosis while suppressing random disturbances and mitigating communication conflicts within the QUAV swarm. First, the impact of random disturbances on the UAV swarm is analyzed, and a model for orientation and attitude control of QUAVs under stochastic perturbations is established, with the disturbance gain threshold determined. Second, a fault diagnosis system based on a high-gain observer is designed, constructing a fault gain criterion by integrating orientation and attitude information from QUAVs. Subsequently, a model-free dynamic linearization-based data modeling (MFDLDM) framework is developed using model-free adaptive control, which efficiently fits the nonlinear control model of the QUAV swarm while reducing temporal constraints on control data. On this basis, this paper constructs a distributed data-driven event-triggered controller based on the staggered communication mechanism, which consists of an equivalent QUAV controller and an event-triggered controller, and is able to reduce the communication conflicts while suppressing the influence of random interference. Finally, by incorporating random disturbances into the controller, comparative experiments and physical validations are conducted on the QUAV platforms, fully demonstrating the strong adaptability and robustness of the proposed distributed event-triggered fault-tolerant control system.
{"title":"Distributed robust data-driven event-triggered control for QUAVs under stochastic disturbances","authors":"Chao Song , Hao Li , Bo Li , Jiacun Wang , Chunwei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issue of instability or even imbalance in the orientation and attitude control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (QUAVs) under random disturbances, this paper proposes a distributed anti-disturbance data-driven event-triggered fusion control method, which achieves efficient fault diagnosis while suppressing random disturbances and mitigating communication conflicts within the QUAV swarm. First, the impact of random disturbances on the UAV swarm is analyzed, and a model for orientation and attitude control of QUAVs under stochastic perturbations is established, with the disturbance gain threshold determined. Second, a fault diagnosis system based on a high-gain observer is designed, constructing a fault gain criterion by integrating orientation and attitude information from QUAVs. Subsequently, a model-free dynamic linearization-based data modeling (MFDLDM) framework is developed using model-free adaptive control, which efficiently fits the nonlinear control model of the QUAV swarm while reducing temporal constraints on control data. On this basis, this paper constructs a distributed data-driven event-triggered controller based on the staggered communication mechanism, which consists of an equivalent QUAV controller and an event-triggered controller, and is able to reduce the communication conflicts while suppressing the influence of random interference. Finally, by incorporating random disturbances into the controller, comparative experiments and physical validations are conducted on the QUAV platforms, fully demonstrating the strong adaptability and robustness of the proposed distributed event-triggered fault-tolerant control system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 155-171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>To clarity the impacts of planting density and chemical regulation timing on the lodging resistance of soybean-maize intercropping system in Northern Xinjiang, we conducted a field experiment in 2023 in Xinyuan County, Ili, Xinjiang. There were three planting densities: 90000 and 150000 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup> for maize and soybean, respectively (low density, A<sub>1</sub>), 105000 and 180000 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>(medium density, A<sub>2</sub>), and 120000 and 210000 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>(high density, A<sub>3</sub>) for maize and soybean, respectively. There were three chemical regulation treatments: water control (B<sub>1</sub>), application of 30% amicarbinil·ethylene liming at seven-leaf stage (B<sub>2</sub>), and nine-leaf stage (B<sub>3</sub>) of maize. We measured the crop morphological properties, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), lodging rate, carbohydrate content, and yield. Results showed that: 1) With the increases of planting density, plant height, ear height, and stem diameter of maize at silking stage decreased, while the height of soybean showed no significant change. Chemical regulation significantly optimized plant structure, with B<sub>2</sub> treatment showing the largest reduction. Compared with B<sub>1</sub>, the height of maize and ear were reduced by 25.2% and 33.8%, respectively, and the height of soybean was decreased by 17.1%. Under dense planting conditions, earlier chemical regulation could optimize maize ear height coefficient. 2) Density increase reduced soybean canopy PAR and increased lodging rate. After chemical regulation, B<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>3</sub> treatments increased soybean canopy PAR by 12.2%-25.3% and decreased lodging rate by 57.7%-94.8% compared with B<sub>1</sub>. 3) Density increase significantly reduced stem strength of maize and soybean, with reductions of 7.0%-15.9% for maize and 16.9%-29.9% for soybean when comparing A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>3</sub> to A<sub>1</sub>, respectively; structural (cellulose, lignin) and non-structural (soluble sugar) carbohydrate contents in maize stem decreased, while soybean non-structural carbohydrate content was highest in A<sub>2</sub>. After chemical regulation, stem strength and carbohydrate content increased, with B<sub>2</sub> treatment showing the largest increase, indicating that chemical regulation could enhance crop mechanical strength and carbon assimilation capacity. 4) The crop yield increase was greater under B<sub>3</sub> treatment in A<sub>1</sub>, and B<sub>2</sub> treatment in A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>3</sub>, with increases of 12.2%, 17.5%, and 25.9% compared with B<sub>1</sub>, respectively. Under low density condition, chemical regu-lation treatment at nine-leaf stage improved yield by optimizing physiological metabolism and promoting the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products. Under medium and high density conditions, chemical regulation treatment at the seven-leaf stage achieved high yield by improving maize
{"title":"[Influence of planting density and chemical regulation timing on stalk lodging resistance of soybean and maize in strip-intercropping in Northern Xinjiang, China].","authors":"Jing-Jing Li, Wen-Feng Fan, Bing Liang, Jing-Yun Gong, Tian Pu, Xiao-Chun Wang, Wen-Yu Yang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To clarity the impacts of planting density and chemical regulation timing on the lodging resistance of soybean-maize intercropping system in Northern Xinjiang, we conducted a field experiment in 2023 in Xinyuan County, Ili, Xinjiang. There were three planting densities: 90000 and 150000 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup> for maize and soybean, respectively (low density, A<sub>1</sub>), 105000 and 180000 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>(medium density, A<sub>2</sub>), and 120000 and 210000 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>(high density, A<sub>3</sub>) for maize and soybean, respectively. There were three chemical regulation treatments: water control (B<sub>1</sub>), application of 30% amicarbinil·ethylene liming at seven-leaf stage (B<sub>2</sub>), and nine-leaf stage (B<sub>3</sub>) of maize. We measured the crop morphological properties, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), lodging rate, carbohydrate content, and yield. Results showed that: 1) With the increases of planting density, plant height, ear height, and stem diameter of maize at silking stage decreased, while the height of soybean showed no significant change. Chemical regulation significantly optimized plant structure, with B<sub>2</sub> treatment showing the largest reduction. Compared with B<sub>1</sub>, the height of maize and ear were reduced by 25.2% and 33.8%, respectively, and the height of soybean was decreased by 17.1%. Under dense planting conditions, earlier chemical regulation could optimize maize ear height coefficient. 2) Density increase reduced soybean canopy PAR and increased lodging rate. After chemical regulation, B<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>3</sub> treatments increased soybean canopy PAR by 12.2%-25.3% and decreased lodging rate by 57.7%-94.8% compared with B<sub>1</sub>. 3) Density increase significantly reduced stem strength of maize and soybean, with reductions of 7.0%-15.9% for maize and 16.9%-29.9% for soybean when comparing A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>3</sub> to A<sub>1</sub>, respectively; structural (cellulose, lignin) and non-structural (soluble sugar) carbohydrate contents in maize stem decreased, while soybean non-structural carbohydrate content was highest in A<sub>2</sub>. After chemical regulation, stem strength and carbohydrate content increased, with B<sub>2</sub> treatment showing the largest increase, indicating that chemical regulation could enhance crop mechanical strength and carbon assimilation capacity. 4) The crop yield increase was greater under B<sub>3</sub> treatment in A<sub>1</sub>, and B<sub>2</sub> treatment in A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>3</sub>, with increases of 12.2%, 17.5%, and 25.9% compared with B<sub>1</sub>, respectively. Under low density condition, chemical regu-lation treatment at nine-leaf stage improved yield by optimizing physiological metabolism and promoting the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products. Under medium and high density conditions, chemical regulation treatment at the seven-leaf stage achieved high yield by improving maize","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantitative assessment of the correlation between natural capital utilization and high-quality development in Henan Province is of great significance for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. We constructed high-quality development index (HQD) and used it to quantify the development of each city in Henan Province based on the new development philosophy. We further employed the extended three-dimensional ecological footprint model to evaluate natural capital utilization. Spatiotemporal evolution of HQD and natural capital utilization during 2005-2023 was analyzed, and their correlation was further explored using the decoupling index and threshold regression model. Results showed that there was significant heterogeneity in HQD and each dimension scores across all the cities in Henan. Overall, HQD in western Henan was higher than that in eastern Henan, presenting a multi-layered decreasing pattern centered on Zhengzhou. Zhengzhou had the highest annual average HQD of 0.55, while the HQD value of Jiyuan was the lowest (0.22). All the 18 cities had the highest scores in coordination dimension and the lowest in innovation dimension. The maximum ecological footprint size (EFsize) was 2.64×106 hm2 in Zhoukou, and Jiyuan recorded the minimum of 1.80×105 hm2. Cropland, grassland, and construction land contributed substantially to EFsize, with the proportion of contribution from construction land increasing over time. Ecological footprint depth (EFdepth) of Xuchang reached a maximum of 8.68 while the minimum was 4.12 in Xinyang. Cropland and grassland accounted for relatively high proportions of EFdepth, while construction land made the smallest contribution. The relationship between HQD and EFsize in each city exhibited a significant inverted 'U'-shaped curve, with the inflection point of multi-year average HQD at 0.43. HQD and EFdepth in the three cities of Luohe, Sanmenxia, and Xinyang showed a weak decoupling relationship, while the remaining 15 cities showed a strong decoupling during 2005-2023. The first-order lag term of HQD exerted a significant positive impact on current HQD. Both EFsize and EFdepth played a positive role in promoting HQD improvement, with a nonlinear trend of weakening from a strong initial state.
{"title":"[Impact of natural capital utilization on high-quality development in Henan Province based on three-dimensional ecological footprint model].","authors":"Ye-Ning Wang, Xiao-Lei Zhang, Bao-Sheng Wang, Ying-Chun Pei, Xiao-Qing Niu, Sheng-Nan Zhuo","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative assessment of the correlation between natural capital utilization and high-quality development in Henan Province is of great significance for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. We constructed high-quality development index (HQD) and used it to quantify the development of each city in Henan Province based on the new development philosophy. We further employed the extended three-dimensional ecological footprint model to evaluate natural capital utilization. Spatiotemporal evolution of HQD and natural capital utilization during 2005-2023 was analyzed, and their correlation was further explored using the decoupling index and threshold regression model. Results showed that there was significant heterogeneity in HQD and each dimension scores across all the cities in Henan. Overall, HQD in western Henan was higher than that in eastern Henan, presenting a multi-layered decreasing pattern centered on Zhengzhou. Zhengzhou had the highest annual average HQD of 0.55, while the HQD value of Jiyuan was the lowest (0.22). All the 18 cities had the highest scores in coordination dimension and the lowest in innovation dimension. The maximum ecological footprint size (EF<sub>size</sub>) was 2.64×10<sup>6</sup> hm<sup>2</sup> in Zhoukou, and Jiyuan recorded the minimum of 1.80×10<sup>5</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. Cropland, grassland, and construction land contributed substantially to EF<sub>size</sub>, with the proportion of contribution from construction land increasing over time. Ecological footprint depth (EF<sub>depth</sub>) of Xuchang reached a maximum of 8.68 while the minimum was 4.12 in Xinyang. Cropland and grassland accounted for relatively high proportions of EF<sub>depth</sub>, while construction land made the smallest contribution. The relationship between HQD and EF<sub>size</sub> in each city exhibited a significant inverted 'U'-shaped curve, with the inflection point of multi-year average HQD at 0.43. HQD and EF<sub>depth</sub> in the three cities of Luohe, Sanmenxia, and Xinyang showed a weak decoupling relationship, while the remaining 15 cities showed a strong decoupling during 2005-2023. The first-order lag term of HQD exerted a significant positive impact on current HQD. Both EF<sub>size</sub> and EF<sub>depth</sub> played a positive role in promoting HQD improvement, with a nonlinear trend of weakening from a strong initial state.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"200-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.012
Rui Liu, Teng-Yan Zhao, Shu-Min Ma, Jie Tang, Xi-le Ling, Wen-Jun Liang, Xi Wei
Stand density is a key factor influencing forest structure and function. Its regulatory effects on soil structure and nutrient cycling are directly related to forest productivity and ecosystem functions. To investigate the effects of stand density of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on soil stability and nutrient content, we selected stands with five density gradients (800-1100, 1100-1400, 1400-1700, 1700-2000, 2000-2300 plants·hm-2) in the Cai-jiachuan watershed of Ji County, Shanxi Province. The composition of soil aggregates and nutrient characteristics in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsurface layers (10-20 cm) were determined. The results showed that soil aggregate stability decreased and nutrient content declined as stand density increased from 800-1100 to 2000-2300 plants·hm-2. In the topsoil layer, the proportion of macroaggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometry mean diameter (GMD) decreased by 2.3%, 33.0%, and 19.4%, respectively. In the subsurface layer, they decreased by 10.9%, 25.3%, and 24.2%, respectively. The fractal dimension (D) showed no change. Total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (SOC) contents generally decreased with increasing stand density, but no significant trend was observed in the total phosphorus (TP) content. The aggregates with 0.25-1 mm size fraction had the highest contents of TN, TP, and SOC. The MWD, GMD, TN, TP, and SOC content in the topsoil were significantly higher than that in the subsurface soil. The interaction between stand density and soil layer had a significant negative effect on GMD, and a highly significant positive effect on D, collectively explaining 60.1% of the variation in soil aggregate stability. TN content was significantly positively correlated with GMD and negatively correlated with D. The stand density of 800-1100 plants·hm-2 could effectively maintain soil structural stability and carbon and nitrogen sequestration.
{"title":"[Soil aggregate stability and soil nutrient contents in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> plantation with different stand densities].","authors":"Rui Liu, Teng-Yan Zhao, Shu-Min Ma, Jie Tang, Xi-le Ling, Wen-Jun Liang, Xi Wei","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stand density is a key factor influencing forest structure and function. Its regulatory effects on soil structure and nutrient cycling are directly related to forest productivity and ecosystem functions. To investigate the effects of stand density of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> plantation on soil stability and nutrient content, we selected stands with five density gradients (800-1100, 1100-1400, 1400-1700, 1700-2000, 2000-2300 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>) in the Cai-jiachuan watershed of Ji County, Shanxi Province. The composition of soil aggregates and nutrient characteristics in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsurface layers (10-20 cm) were determined. The results showed that soil aggregate stability decreased and nutrient content declined as stand density increased from 800-1100 to 2000-2300 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>. In the topsoil layer, the proportion of macroaggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometry mean diameter (GMD) decreased by 2.3%, 33.0%, and 19.4%, respectively. In the subsurface layer, they decreased by 10.9%, 25.3%, and 24.2%, respectively. The fractal dimension (<i>D</i>) showed no change. Total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (SOC) contents generally decreased with increasing stand density, but no significant trend was observed in the total phosphorus (TP) content. The aggregates with 0.25-1 mm size fraction had the highest contents of TN, TP, and SOC. The MWD, GMD, TN, TP, and SOC content in the topsoil were significantly higher than that in the subsurface soil. The interaction between stand density and soil layer had a significant negative effect on GMD, and a highly significant positive effect on <i>D</i>, collectively explaining 60.1% of the variation in soil aggregate stability. TN content was significantly positively correlated with GMD and negatively correlated with <i>D</i>. The stand density of 800-1100 plants·hm<sup>-2</sup> could effectively maintain soil structural stability and carbon and nitrogen sequestration.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.001
Yun-Ni Wang, Gong-Xiang Cao, Li-Hong Xu, Xiu-Hua Wu, Li-Risu A, Wei-Li Huang, Ye Guo
We investigated the natural regeneration of larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations in Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia during the growing seasons of 2023 and 2024, which were thinned at different intensities (0-90%) 20 years ago. We elucidated the mechanisms of thinning affects on natural regeneration of larch plantations by structural equation model. The results showed that the density and frequency of natural regeneration seedlings and the sapling ratio increased significantly with increasing thinning intensity. Thinning directly promoted natural regeneration, and indirectly facilitated it by improving the understory light environment and litter conditions. The factors influencing natural regeneration in descending order of standardized total effect coefficients were: thinning intensity (0.822) >canopy closure (-0.771) >litter thickness (-0.527) >total understory light (0.424) >litter accumulation (-0.421) >herbaceous plant cover (-0.288) >tree height (0.119) >soil moisture (0.092). From the perspective of promoting natural regeneration and stabilizing community structure, we recommend to conduct thinning at an intensity of no less than 40%, adjust canopy closure to 0.50-0.60, and timely remove excessive litter.
{"title":"[Effects of thinning intensities on natural regeneration of <i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i> plantations].","authors":"Yun-Ni Wang, Gong-Xiang Cao, Li-Hong Xu, Xiu-Hua Wu, Li-Risu A, Wei-Li Huang, Ye Guo","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202601.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the natural regeneration of larch (<i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i>) plantations in Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia during the growing seasons of 2023 and 2024, which were thinned at different intensities (0-90%) 20 years ago. We elucidated the mechanisms of thinning affects on natural regeneration of larch plantations by structural equation model. The results showed that the density and frequency of natural regeneration seedlings and the sapling ratio increased significantly with increasing thinning intensity. Thinning directly promoted natural regeneration, and indirectly facilitated it by improving the understory light environment and litter conditions. The factors influencing natural regeneration in descending order of standardized total effect coefficients were: thinning intensity (0.822) >canopy closure (-0.771) >litter thickness (-0.527) >total understory light (0.424) >litter accumulation (-0.421) >herbaceous plant cover (-0.288) >tree height (0.119) >soil moisture (0.092). From the perspective of promoting natural regeneration and stabilizing community structure, we recommend to conduct thinning at an intensity of no less than 40%, adjust canopy closure to 0.50-0.60, and timely remove excessive litter.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.030
Jin Huang, Fang-Min Zhang
Peanut is a typical crop in Henan Province. Identifying the relationship between per-unit yield fluctuation and extreme climate is crucial for ensuring planting security. With the dataset of peanut per-unit yield from 17 cities during 1988-2022, we analyzed the variations of regional disparities in planting efficiency, quantified the impacts of extreme climate on peanut through the multiple regression analysis between climatic yield and 9 extreme climate indices, and identified the spatio-temporal variations for comprehensive climatic disaster-losses of peanut using climatic reduction rate and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method. The results showed that regional equilibrium in peanut planting efficiency showed an increasing trend during 1988-2022, though per-unit yield in western cities remained significantly lower than those in eastern high-yield regions. The high-temperature events generally intensified across months during the growing season, with nearly 60% of stations showing significant increasing trends in August, while the intensification of concurrent heavy precipitation and drought was not significant. The dominant disaster-inducing factors for peanuts exhibited significant regional differences, with strong rainfall in the southern, eastern, and northern regions, and high-temperature and drought in the central-western regions. Extreme climate led to a significant reduction in peanut yields by 0.8%-6.7% in 12 cities. Climatic disaster losses of peanut displayed higher intensity during 1988-2009 but remained at low levels during 2010-2022.
{"title":"[Impacts of extreme climate on peanut per-unit yield in Henan Province and its disaster losses assessment].","authors":"Jin Huang, Fang-Min Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peanut is a typical crop in Henan Province. Identifying the relationship between per-unit yield fluctuation and extreme climate is crucial for ensuring planting security. With the dataset of peanut per-unit yield from 17 cities during 1988-2022, we analyzed the variations of regional disparities in planting efficiency, quantified the impacts of extreme climate on peanut through the multiple regression analysis between climatic yield and 9 extreme climate indices, and identified the spatio-temporal variations for comprehensive climatic disaster-losses of peanut using climatic reduction rate and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method. The results showed that regional equilibrium in peanut planting efficiency showed an increasing trend during 1988-2022, though per-unit yield in western cities remained significantly lower than those in eastern high-yield regions. The high-temperature events generally intensified across months during the growing season, with nearly 60% of stations showing significant increasing trends in August, while the intensification of concurrent heavy precipitation and drought was not significant. The dominant disaster-inducing factors for peanuts exhibited significant regional differences, with strong rainfall in the southern, eastern, and northern regions, and high-temperature and drought in the central-western regions. Extreme climate led to a significant reduction in peanut yields by 0.8%-6.7% in 12 cities. Climatic disaster losses of peanut displayed higher intensity during 1988-2009 but remained at low levels during 2010-2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"37 1","pages":"180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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