Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60596-2
Shuang CHENG , Fei LI , Yuqi WANG , Xiangyi WANG , Sinan GUAN , Yi WANG , Yue WANG , Guancheng OU , Ming XU
As one of the most promising new energy sources, hydrogen energy is expected to usher in a full-fledged “hydrogen economy” in the 21st century. Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods, solid-state chemical hydrogen storage shows significant advantages in safety, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Magnesium-based lightweight hydrogen storage materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high gravimetric hydrogen storage density (7.6%) and favorable reversibility. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics and stringent operating conditions (with H2 release temperatures exceeding 350 °C and H2 absorption pressures above 4 MPa) pose major challenges for practical applications. Domestic and international researchers have conducted in-depth studies to address these issues, achieving substantial progress in the modification of magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys. This paper systematically elaborates on major modification techniques such as alloying, nanostructuring, and catalytic material doping, providing a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and limitations of each approach. Furthermore, it offers prospects for the future development of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials by integrating current theoretical and experimental research findings.
{"title":"Advances in modification approaches for Mg-based hydrogen storage materials","authors":"Shuang CHENG , Fei LI , Yuqi WANG , Xiangyi WANG , Sinan GUAN , Yi WANG , Yue WANG , Guancheng OU , Ming XU","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60596-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60596-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the most promising new energy sources, hydrogen energy is expected to usher in a full-fledged “hydrogen economy” in the 21st century. Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods, solid-state chemical hydrogen storage shows significant advantages in safety, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Magnesium-based lightweight hydrogen storage materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high gravimetric hydrogen storage density (7.6%) and favorable reversibility. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics and stringent operating conditions (with H<sub>2</sub> release temperatures exceeding 350 °C and H<sub>2</sub> absorption pressures above 4 MPa) pose major challenges for practical applications. Domestic and international researchers have conducted in-depth studies to address these issues, achieving substantial progress in the modification of magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys. This paper systematically elaborates on major modification techniques such as alloying, nanostructuring, and catalytic material doping, providing a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and limitations of each approach. Furthermore, it offers prospects for the future development of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials by integrating current theoretical and experimental research findings.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (135KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"54 2","pages":"Article 20250153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Urban lingering” implies an extended stay of users in urban public spaces, which has physical, emotional, and social benefits. In recent times, lingering in public spaces has been increasingly taken over by sedentary lifestyles and the growing influence of social media. Hence, this paper attempts to identify the key factors contributing to urban lingering in public spaces to enhance users' experiences during their stay. For this, contributing factors to urban lingering were identified from literature and measured in five selected recreational public spaces in Bhopal City, the capital of Madhya Pradesh in India. Relationships between Lingering Factor (LF) and contributing factors were then established for male and female users. Public Participatory Geographic Information System (PPGIS) and questionnaire surveys were employed for spatial mapping and perception modeling. The findings of primary surveys indicate that the feeling of safety, parking availability, pleasing design, and memorability of the public space together strongly influence LF across all user groups (R2 = 0.47, p value < 0.05). Data revealed that for male users, adequately sized spaces and lighting contribute to their lingering behavior (R2 = 0.56, p value < 0.05), whereas for female users, accessibility and activities in public spaces are significant contributors to their lingering (R2 = 0.48, p value < 0.05). The differences in the contributing factors to urban LF between male and female users confirm that users’ needs in public spaces thus present variation in preferences across space and the presented approach could be considered in planning infrastructure policies to enhance overall wellbeing.
{"title":"Revealing urban lingering pattern at lake front: A spatial information mapping approach through public participatory GIS","authors":"Surabhi Mehrotra, Arshi Parashar, Yogesh K. Garg, Samiksha Muddamwar, Shefna Shihabudeen","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Urban lingering” implies an extended stay of users in urban public spaces, which has physical, emotional, and social benefits. In recent times, lingering in public spaces has been increasingly taken over by sedentary lifestyles and the growing influence of social media. Hence, this paper attempts to identify the key factors contributing to urban lingering in public spaces to enhance users' experiences during their stay. For this, contributing factors to urban lingering were identified from literature and measured in five selected recreational public spaces in Bhopal City, the capital of Madhya Pradesh in India. Relationships between Lingering Factor (LF) and contributing factors were then established for male and female users. Public Participatory Geographic Information System (PPGIS) and questionnaire surveys were employed for spatial mapping and perception modeling. The findings of primary surveys indicate that the feeling of safety, parking availability, pleasing design, and memorability of the public space together strongly influence LF across all user groups (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.47, <em>p</em> value < 0.05). Data revealed that for male users, adequately sized spaces and lighting contribute to their lingering behavior (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.56, <em>p</em> value < 0.05), whereas for female users, accessibility and activities in public spaces are significant contributors to their lingering (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.48, <em>p</em> value < 0.05). The differences in the contributing factors to urban LF between male and female users confirm that users’ needs in public spaces thus present variation in preferences across space and the presented approach could be considered in planning infrastructure policies to enhance overall wellbeing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 180-193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.04.008
Zhen Xu , Ziqun Lin , Lifei Wang , Ziqi Shang , Chayn Sun
As global aging accelerates, addressing older adults’ winter sunbathing—a culturally and significant practice enhancing well-being—remains underexplored in spatial planning. This study identifies and optimizes neighborhood open spaces (NOS) for winter sunbathing to improve elderly quality of life and social inclusion. We developed a framework integrating sunlight exposure (≥3 h), wind conditions (≤ 2 m/s), and walkability assessments. Analyzing 5.64 km2 of Jiande, China, we identified 495 climatically suitable NOS. Findings reveal stark spatial disparities: older neighborhoods offer better access, while newer gated developments face shortages, exacerbated by topography-driven east-west climatic divides. Over 75 % of elderly residents rely on small, fragmented spaces, with informal areas filling planning gaps. High-rise developments increase wind exposure, limiting outdoor activity and further restricting suitable NOS. The study underscores the potential of informal spaces, such as vacant lots and underutilized areas, in addressing planning deficiencies. It highlights the critical role of spatial planning interventions in promoting aging in place, equitable access, and climate-responsive urban design. The proposed framework offers a transferable approach for integrating climate-sensitive, age-friendly design into global urban planning, fostering healthier and more inclusive cities for aging populations.
{"title":"Spatial planning interventions for winter sunbathing: Optimizing neighborhood open spaces for the elderly in Jiande, China","authors":"Zhen Xu , Ziqun Lin , Lifei Wang , Ziqi Shang , Chayn Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global aging accelerates, addressing older adults’ winter sunbathing—a culturally and significant practice enhancing well-being—remains underexplored in spatial planning. This study identifies and optimizes neighborhood open spaces (NOS) for winter sunbathing to improve elderly quality of life and social inclusion. We developed a framework integrating sunlight exposure (≥3 h), wind conditions (≤ 2 m/s), and walkability assessments. Analyzing 5.64 km<sup>2</sup> of Jiande, China, we identified 495 climatically suitable NOS. Findings reveal stark spatial disparities: older neighborhoods offer better access, while newer gated developments face shortages, exacerbated by topography-driven east-west climatic divides. Over 75 % of elderly residents rely on small, fragmented spaces, with informal areas filling planning gaps. High-rise developments increase wind exposure, limiting outdoor activity and further restricting suitable NOS. The study underscores the potential of informal spaces, such as vacant lots and underutilized areas, in addressing planning deficiencies. It highlights the critical role of spatial planning interventions in promoting aging in place, equitable access, and climate-responsive urban design. The proposed framework offers a transferable approach for integrating climate-sensitive, age-friendly design into global urban planning, fostering healthier and more inclusive cities for aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 144-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.05.001
Yanyi Zhu, Youpei Hu
Urban transportation systems critically influence energy consumption and carbon emissions. To evaluate urban accessibility, it is essential to systematically compare the spatiotemporal efficiency of public transport and private vehicles. However, traditional methods are limited by data acquisition and computation costs. This study proposes a novel, cost-effective framework using open-source map data and Python-based routing tools to compare the spatiotemporal efficiency of public transport and private vehicles. Utilizing real-time traffic data, we establish automated processing workflows to analyze spatial heterogeneity in accessibility across central urban areas of Nanjing, with comparisons to Shanghai and Hangzhou. Key findings include: (1) Taking Nanjing as a case study, the research evaluates public transport accessibility in eastern China's riverfront economic zone using key indicators like travel time ratios, advantage areas, and walking transfer time. Spatial differentiation maps were used to clearly delineate underdeveloped public transport areas in Nanjing; (2) Despite differences in urban form and structure, all three cities exhibit similar characteristics: comparable travel time ratios, concentration of public transport advantages within 10 km of the city center, and a notably high share of walking transfer time; (3) The framework provides a scalable tool for analyzing spatial accessibility heterogeneity, supporting evidence-based public transport policy development.
{"title":"Public transport vs. private vehicles: Spatial heterogeneity of accessibility to urban centers","authors":"Yanyi Zhu, Youpei Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban transportation systems critically influence energy consumption and carbon emissions. To evaluate urban accessibility, it is essential to systematically compare the spatiotemporal efficiency of public transport and private vehicles. However, traditional methods are limited by data acquisition and computation costs. This study proposes a novel, cost-effective framework using open-source map data and Python-based routing tools to compare the spatiotemporal efficiency of public transport and private vehicles. Utilizing real-time traffic data, we establish automated processing workflows to analyze spatial heterogeneity in accessibility across central urban areas of Nanjing, with comparisons to Shanghai and Hangzhou. Key findings include: (1) Taking Nanjing as a case study, the research evaluates public transport accessibility in eastern China's riverfront economic zone using key indicators like travel time ratios, advantage areas, and walking transfer time. Spatial differentiation maps were used to clearly delineate underdeveloped public transport areas in Nanjing; (2) Despite differences in urban form and structure, all three cities exhibit similar characteristics: comparable travel time ratios, concentration of public transport advantages within 10 km of the city center, and a notably high share of walking transfer time; (3) The framework provides a scalable tool for analyzing spatial accessibility heterogeneity, supporting evidence-based public transport policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 162-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.027
Xiaoke Liu , Kejing Yu , Pengwan Chen
Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma (BABT). However, their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption. This study used a combined experimental and numerical approach to investigate the response and failure modes of a flexible ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) foam protective sandwich structure (UFPSS) under low-velocity impact (LVI). A finite element (FE) model, accounting for nonlinear large deformation and strain-rate-dependent material behavior, was developed for a woven-UFPSS (featuring a plain-woven fabric structure) subjected to a 50 J impact. Experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement in peak force (error < 5%), maximum displacement (error < 6%), and buffer time (error < 8%). The impact's kinetic energy was mainly converted into internal energy of the fabric and foam materials (∼50%), viscous dissipation in the foam core (12%–15%), frictional work at the contact interfaces (5%–6%), and work by the pneumatic fixture clamping force (∼38%). This study provides the first investigation of the LVI performance of sandwich structures with all soft material layers, offering significant insights for the application of compliant materials in protective fields.
{"title":"Energy absorption properties and failure modes of flexible UHMWPE foam protective sandwich structure subjected to low-velocity impact","authors":"Xiaoke Liu , Kejing Yu , Pengwan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma (BABT). However, their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption. This study used a combined experimental and numerical approach to investigate the response and failure modes of a flexible ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) foam protective sandwich structure (UFPSS) under low-velocity impact (LVI). A finite element (FE) model, accounting for nonlinear large deformation and strain-rate-dependent material behavior, was developed for a woven-UFPSS (featuring a plain-woven fabric structure) subjected to a 50 J impact. Experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement in peak force (error < 5%), maximum displacement (error < 6%), and buffer time (error < 8%). The impact's kinetic energy was mainly converted into internal energy of the fabric and foam materials (∼50%), viscous dissipation in the foam core (12%–15%), frictional work at the contact interfaces (5%–6%), and work by the pneumatic fixture clamping force (∼38%). This study provides the first investigation of the LVI performance of sandwich structures with all soft material layers, offering significant insights for the application of compliant materials in protective fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 32-48"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.022
Yifan Yuan , Xiaohong Shen , Lin Sun , Ke He , Yongsheng Yan , Haiyan Wang
Cascading failures pose a serious threat to the survivability of underwater unmanned swarm networks (UUSNs), significantly limiting their service ability in collaborative missions such as military reconnaissance and environmental monitoring. Existing failure models primarily focus on power grids and traffic systems, and don't address the unique challenges of weak-communication UUSNs. In UUSNs, cascading failure present a complex and dynamic process driven by the coupling of unstable acoustic channels, passive node drift, adversarial attacks, and network heterogeneity. To address these challenges, a directed weighted graph model of UUSNs is first developed, in which node positions are updated according to ocean-current–driven drift and link weights reflect the probability of successful acoustic transmission. Building on this UUSNs graph model, a cascading failure model is proposed that integrates a normal–failure–recovery state-cycle mechanism, multiple attack strategies, and routing-based load redistribution. Finally, under a five-level connectivity UUSNs scheme, simulations are conducted to analyze how dynamic topology, network load, node recovery delay, and attack modes jointly affect network survivability. The main findings are: (1) moderate node drift can improve survivability by activating weak links; (2) based-energy routing (BER) outperform based-depth routing (BDR) in harsh conditions; (3) node self-recovery time is critical to network survivability; (4) traditional degree-based critical node metrics are inadequate for weak-communication UUSNs. These results provide a theoretical foundation for designing robust survivability mechanisms in weak-communication UUSNs.
{"title":"Cascading failure modeling and survivability analysis of weak-communication underwater unmanned swarm networks","authors":"Yifan Yuan , Xiaohong Shen , Lin Sun , Ke He , Yongsheng Yan , Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cascading failures pose a serious threat to the survivability of underwater unmanned swarm networks (UUSNs), significantly limiting their service ability in collaborative missions such as military reconnaissance and environmental monitoring. Existing failure models primarily focus on power grids and traffic systems, and don't address the unique challenges of weak-communication UUSNs. In UUSNs, cascading failure present a complex and dynamic process driven by the coupling of unstable acoustic channels, passive node drift, adversarial attacks, and network heterogeneity. To address these challenges, a directed weighted graph model of UUSNs is first developed, in which node positions are updated according to ocean-current–driven drift and link weights reflect the probability of successful acoustic transmission. Building on this UUSNs graph model, a cascading failure model is proposed that integrates a normal–failure–recovery state-cycle mechanism, multiple attack strategies, and routing-based load redistribution. Finally, under a five-level connectivity UUSNs scheme, simulations are conducted to analyze how dynamic topology, network load, node recovery delay, and attack modes jointly affect network survivability. The main findings are: (1) moderate node drift can improve survivability by activating weak links; (2) based-energy routing (BER) outperform based-depth routing (BDR) in harsh conditions; (3) node self-recovery time is critical to network survivability; (4) traditional degree-based critical node metrics are inadequate for weak-communication UUSNs. These results provide a theoretical foundation for designing robust survivability mechanisms in weak-communication UUSNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 66-82"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War rehearsals have become increasingly important in national security due to the growing complexity of international affairs. However, traditional rehearsal methods, such as military chess simulations, are inefficient and inflexible, with particularly pronounced limitations in command and decision-making. The overwhelming volume of information and high decision complexity hinder the realization of autonomous and agile command and control. To address this challenge, an intelligent warfare simulation framework named Command-Agent is proposed, which deeply integrates large language models (LLMs) with digital twin battlefields. By constructing a highly realistic battlefield environment through real-time simulation and multi-source data fusion, the natural language interaction capabilities of LLMs are leveraged to lower the command threshold and to enable autonomous command through the Observe–Orient–Decide–Act (OODA) feedback loop. Within the Command-Agent framework, a multi-model collaborative architecture is further adopted to decouple the decision-generation and command-execution functions of LLMs. By combining specialized models such as DeepSeek-R1 and MCTool, the limitations of single-model capabilities are overcome. MCTool is a lightweight execution model fine-tuned for military Function Calling tasks. The framework also introduces a Vector Knowledge Base to mitigate hallucinations commonly exhibited by LLMs. Experimental results demonstrate that Command-Agent not only enables natural language-driven simulation and control but also deeply understands commander intent. Leveraging the multi-model collaborative architecture, during red-blue UAV confrontations involving 2 to 8 UAVs, the integrated score is improved by an average of 41.8% compared to the single-agent system (MCTool), accompanied by a 161.8% optimization in the battle loss ratio. Furthermore, when compared with multi-agent systems lacking the knowledge base, the inclusion of the Vector Knowledge Base further improves overall performance by 16.8%. In comparison with the general model (Qwen2.5–7B), the fine-tuned MCTool leads by 5% in execution efficiency. Therefore, the proposed Command-Agent introduces a novel perspective to the military command system and offers a feasible solution for intelligent battlefield decision-making.
{"title":"Command-agent: Reconstructing warfare simulation and command decision-making using large language models","authors":"Mengwei Zhang , Minchi Kuang , Heng Shi , Jihong Zhu , Jingyu Zhu , Xiao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>War rehearsals have become increasingly important in national security due to the growing complexity of international affairs. However, traditional rehearsal methods, such as military chess simulations, are inefficient and inflexible, with particularly pronounced limitations in command and decision-making. The overwhelming volume of information and high decision complexity hinder the realization of autonomous and agile command and control. To address this challenge, an intelligent warfare simulation framework named Command-Agent is proposed, which deeply integrates large language models (LLMs) with digital twin battlefields. By constructing a highly realistic battlefield environment through real-time simulation and multi-source data fusion, the natural language interaction capabilities of LLMs are leveraged to lower the command threshold and to enable autonomous command through the Observe–Orient–Decide–Act (OODA) feedback loop. Within the Command-Agent framework, a multi-model collaborative architecture is further adopted to decouple the decision-generation and command-execution functions of LLMs. By combining specialized models such as DeepSeek-R1 and MCTool, the limitations of single-model capabilities are overcome. MCTool is a lightweight execution model fine-tuned for military Function Calling tasks. The framework also introduces a Vector Knowledge Base to mitigate hallucinations commonly exhibited by LLMs. Experimental results demonstrate that Command-Agent not only enables natural language-driven simulation and control but also deeply understands commander intent. Leveraging the multi-model collaborative architecture, during red-blue UAV confrontations involving 2 to 8 UAVs, the integrated score is improved by an average of 41.8% compared to the single-agent system (MCTool), accompanied by a 161.8% optimization in the battle loss ratio. Furthermore, when compared with multi-agent systems lacking the knowledge base, the inclusion of the Vector Knowledge Base further improves overall performance by 16.8%. In comparison with the general model (Qwen2.5–7B), the fine-tuned MCTool leads by 5% in execution efficiency. Therefore, the proposed Command-Agent introduces a novel perspective to the military command system and offers a feasible solution for intelligent battlefield decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 294-313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatial design of nursing units can significantly enhance nurses' work efficiency. However, existing studies primarily focus on optimizing space for individual department, often overlooking the diverse spatial needs of different departments due to variations in work content. In this study, questionnaires were collected from 456 nurses across five departments of nursing units in 14 general hospitals, and semi-structured interviews and behavioral observations were conducted in the same five departments of nursing units in one hospital to assess spatial design and work efficiency, thus evaluating the impact of specialized design on departmental performance. Additionally, agent-based modeling (ABM) was utilized to simulate nursing efficiency in each department, comparing spatial arrangements before and after optimization by simulating nurses' behaviors. Results indicated obvious differences in spatial needs among departments, suggesting that standardized nursing unit designs fail to meet specific departmental needs, resulting in low satisfaction of nurses. Adjusting the spatial environments of nursing units based on departmental differences can improve efficiency. This study proposes optimization strategies for the spatial environments of nursing units in different departments, aiming to enhance nursing efficiency, job satisfaction, and reduce occupational stress.
{"title":"Interaction of nursing efficiency and spatial design in different departments: An agent-based modeling approach","authors":"Xiaodong Xuan, Qi Wu, Leiming Yang, Wen Cao, Zixu Zhang, Yihe Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial design of nursing units can significantly enhance nurses' work efficiency. However, existing studies primarily focus on optimizing space for individual department, often overlooking the diverse spatial needs of different departments due to variations in work content. In this study, questionnaires were collected from 456 nurses across five departments of nursing units in 14 general hospitals, and semi-structured interviews and behavioral observations were conducted in the same five departments of nursing units in one hospital to assess spatial design and work efficiency, thus evaluating the impact of specialized design on departmental performance. Additionally, agent-based modeling (ABM) was utilized to simulate nursing efficiency in each department, comparing spatial arrangements before and after optimization by simulating nurses' behaviors. Results indicated obvious differences in spatial needs among departments, suggesting that standardized nursing unit designs fail to meet specific departmental needs, resulting in low satisfaction of nurses. Adjusting the spatial environments of nursing units based on departmental differences can improve efficiency. This study proposes optimization strategies for the spatial environments of nursing units in different departments, aiming to enhance nursing efficiency, job satisfaction, and reduce occupational stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.038
Wei Han , Changjiu Li , Xichao Su , Yong Zhang , Fang Guo , Tongtong Yu , Xuan Li
The highly dynamic nature, strong uncertainty, and coupled multiple safety constraints inherent in carrier aircraft recovery operations pose severe challenges for real-time decision-making. Addressing bolter scenarios, this study proposes an intelligent decision-making framework based on a deep long short-term memory Q-network. This framework transforms the real-time sequencing for bolter recovery problem into a partially observable Markov decision process. It employs a stacked long short-term memory network to accurately capture the long-range temporal dependencies of bolter event chains and fuel consumption. Furthermore, it integrates a prioritized experience replay training mechanism to construct a safe and adaptive scheduling system capable of millisecond-level real-time decision-making. Experimental demonstrates that, within large-scale mass recovery scenarios, the framework achieves zero safety violations in static environments and maintains a fuel safety violation rate below 10% in dynamic scenarios, with single-step decision times at the millisecond level. The model exhibits strong generalization capability, effectively responding to unforeseen emergent situations—such as multiple bolters and fuel emergencies—without requiring retraining. This provides robust support for efficient carrier-based aircraft recovery operations.
{"title":"Real-time decision support for bolter recovery safety: Long short-term memory network-driven aircraft sequencing","authors":"Wei Han , Changjiu Li , Xichao Su , Yong Zhang , Fang Guo , Tongtong Yu , Xuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.09.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highly dynamic nature, strong uncertainty, and coupled multiple safety constraints inherent in carrier aircraft recovery operations pose severe challenges for real-time decision-making. Addressing bolter scenarios, this study proposes an intelligent decision-making framework based on a deep long short-term memory Q-network. This framework transforms the real-time sequencing for bolter recovery problem into a partially observable Markov decision process. It employs a stacked long short-term memory network to accurately capture the long-range temporal dependencies of bolter event chains and fuel consumption. Furthermore, it integrates a prioritized experience replay training mechanism to construct a safe and adaptive scheduling system capable of millisecond-level real-time decision-making. Experimental demonstrates that, within large-scale mass recovery scenarios, the framework achieves zero safety violations in static environments and maintains a fuel safety violation rate below 10% in dynamic scenarios, with single-step decision times at the millisecond level. The model exhibits strong generalization capability, effectively responding to unforeseen emergent situations—such as multiple bolters and fuel emergencies—without requiring retraining. This provides robust support for efficient carrier-based aircraft recovery operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 184-205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60609-8
Jingtao HU, Jie WU, Bangqiang DENG, Dawei LIU, Long XU
Under the backdrop of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” (dual carbon) goal in China, the methane-carbon dioxide reforming reaction has attracted considerable attention due to its environmental benefits of converting two greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide) into syngas and its promising industrial applications. Nickel (Ni)-based catalysts, with high catalytic activity, low cost, and abundant resources, are considered ideal candidates for industrial applications. In this article, three reaction kinetic models were briefly introduced, namely the Power-Law (PL) model, the Eley-Rideal (ER) model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. Based on the LHHW model, the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of different catalytic systems were systematically discussed, including the properties of supports, the doping of noble metals and transition metals, the role of promoters, and the influence of the geometric and electronic structures of Ni on the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the kinetics of carbon deposition and elimination on various catalysts were analyzed. Based on the reaction rate expressions for carbon elimination, the reasons for the high activity of transition metal iron (Fe)-doped catalysts and core-shell structured catalysts in carbon elimination were explained. Based on the detailed collation and comparative analysis of the reaction mechanisms and kinetic characteristics across diverse Ni-based catalytic systems, a theoretical guidance for the designing of high-performance catalysts was provided in this work.
{"title":"Research progress on the kinetics of methane-carbon dioxide reforming catalyzed by nickel-based catalysts","authors":"Jingtao HU, Jie WU, Bangqiang DENG, Dawei LIU, Long XU","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60609-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60609-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the backdrop of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” (dual carbon) goal in China, the methane-carbon dioxide reforming reaction has attracted considerable attention due to its environmental benefits of converting two greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide) into syngas and its promising industrial applications. Nickel (Ni)-based catalysts, with high catalytic activity, low cost, and abundant resources, are considered ideal candidates for industrial applications. In this article, three reaction kinetic models were briefly introduced, namely the Power-Law (PL) model, the Eley-Rideal (ER) model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. Based on the LHHW model, the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of different catalytic systems were systematically discussed, including the properties of supports, the doping of noble metals and transition metals, the role of promoters, and the influence of the geometric and electronic structures of Ni on the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the kinetics of carbon deposition and elimination on various catalysts were analyzed. Based on the reaction rate expressions for carbon elimination, the reasons for the high activity of transition metal iron (Fe)-doped catalysts and core-shell structured catalysts in carbon elimination were explained. Based on the detailed collation and comparative analysis of the reaction mechanisms and kinetic characteristics across diverse Ni-based catalytic systems, a theoretical guidance for the designing of high-performance catalysts was provided in this work.\u0000\t\t\t\t<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (182KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"54 2","pages":"Article 20250189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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