工业工程最新文献

A total of 242 sampling points were established around a typical industrial park in central-southern China, where 726 soil samples were collected from three depths. The contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, As, and Ni were measured, followed by spatial distribution pattern mapping and potential pollution zoning using sequential Gaussian simulation. Source apportionment was quantitatively analyzed through positive matrix factorization. The results indicated that surface layer contents of Cd, Zn, Pb, and As were significantly higher than those in the lower layers, with high-value areas concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the study area. In contrast, Ni exhibited similar concentrations across all three depths, showing predominantly high values in northern and western regions. Pollution zoning revealed high-risk areas predominantly in southern and eastern sectors, where Cd demonstrated the highest contamination risk. Notably, the probability of Cd exceeding the regulatory threshold for soil pollution risk in agricultural land exceeded 95% across 80.45% of the total study area. Source apportionment showed that industrial activities and transportation collectively contributed 87.86%, 76.47%, and 68.68% to Cd, Zn, and Pb pollution, respectively. Agricultural practices involving irrigation and agrochemical application accounted for 69.23% of As contamination, while natural sources dominated Ni inputs with an 85.62% contribution.

The study of phosphorus release from sediments in retired aquaculture lakes is a crucial aspect of phosphorus management in the Yangtze River Basin. In this research, Qinglan Lake(a retired aquaculture lake within the Poyang Lake area of the Yangtze River Basin)was selected as the study site. By analyzing the physicochemical properties, phosphorus speciation, and the composition of organophosphorus compounds in both surface and core sediment samples, this study investigates the occurrence characteristics of phosphorus in sediments from degraded lakes and assesses its impact on the overlying water quality.The results indicated that the average total phosphorus (TP) content in the surface sediments was 797.67 mg·kg^-1, exceeding the ecological risk threshold of 600 mg·kg^-1, which is associated with the lowest level of sediment-induced ecological risk. Inorganic phosphorus was the dominant phosphorus form in surface sediments, accounting for 89.15% of the total phosphorus. Among these, calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) represented the largest fraction at 30.91%. Monoester phosphorus (Mono-P) was the predominant organic phosphorus fraction in surface sediments, constituting between 7.57% and 42.88% of the TP extracted by NaOH-EDTA. Aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) was identified as the primary source of bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in surface sediments, with some areas exhibiting mild to moderate pollution levels.Furthermore, using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, the sediment was confirmed as a significant source of endogenous phosphorus pollution in the lake, releasing approximately 313.50 kg annually. These findings provide valuable data and a scientific foundation for phosphorus pollution control in retired aquaculture lakes within the Yangtze River Basin.

Emission reduction and remittance enhancement in the agricultural sector are crucial to achieving the dual-carbon goal. Taking the Jiangsu Coastal Economic Belt (JCEB) as the research object, the carbon emission coefficient method and the parameter estimation method are adopted to measure the total carbon emission, carbon sink, and net carbon sink (NCS) of the 20 districts and counties from 2005 to 2023 in JCEB. On this basis, the study further analyzes spatial-temporal characteristics and dynamic evolution trends. The spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression model (GTWR) is used to explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and evolutionary pattern of each influencing factor. The results showed that: ① The agricultural NCS (measured by C) in JCEB decreased from 3.12×10⁶ t in 2005 to 1.32×10⁶ t in 2023, showing an overall trend of fluctuating decline. Spatially, the total NCS showed a distribution pattern of "high in the center and low in the north and south, " with most areas being low-carbon surplus areas. ② Among the influencing factors, the intensity of financial support for agriculture (FSA), the grain to economy crop ratio (GER), and agricultural development levels (ADL) had positive driving effects on the agricultural NCS. The positive effects of the first two factors continued to strengthen, while the contribution of the latter showed a "U"-shaped change trend. Fertilizer application intensity (FAI), agricultural machinery use intensity (AMI), and rural residents' income level (RRI) generally inhibited the growth of the agricultural NCS. The inhibitory effects of the first two factors were declining, while the negative effect of the latter decreased with economic growth. ③ The impact direction and intensity of each driving factor on the agricultural NCS in different counties showed significant differences. The impact effects of FSA and FAI were distinctly different in the north and south. The impact effects of GER and ADL showed agglomeration characteristics at the municipal level. In contrast, the influence intensity of AMI and RRI on the agricultural NCS presented an overall pattern of interlaced distribution in the north and south.

Open-pit coal mining has caused serious damage to the ecological environment, and vegetation restoration is a major management for ecological restoration in mining areas. The nutrient cycling mediated by soil microorganisms is closely related to the soil functional genes. Studying the effects of long-term vegetation restoration on soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur functional genes is of great significance for ecological restoration in mining areas. The reclamation of Ulmus pumila (UP) forest land in the Pingshuo open-pit coal mine was selected as the research object. Rhizosphere soil samples of UP with growth years of 5 a (UP5), 15 a (UP15), and 25 a (UP25) were collected to analyze the relationship between soil chemical properties and the abundance of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur functional genes. The results showed that with the increase in restoration time, the nutrient content of the soil significantly increased (P < 0.05). The total abundance of functional genes related to the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles increased, and the nitrogen cycle was the main biochemical process in UP forest land. Among all carbon fixation genes, the acsA involved in the reducing acetyl CoA pathway had the highest abundance. The main biochemical process of the phosphorus cycle was organic phosphorus mineralization, and the sulfur oxidation process was stronger than the sulfur reduction process. When the growth period was 25 a, the diversity and stability of microbial functional genes were highest. Additionally, mutual promotion and cooperation among genes were the main mode of function genes activity. In the UP forest land, total carbon and available phosphorus were the primary factors for carbon cycling genes, while total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the primary factors for nitrogen cycling genes. The sulfur cycling genes were significantly positively correlated with soil chemical properties (P < 0.01). The results showed that the soil chemical properties, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur functional genes diversity and stability in 25 a of UP were significantly higher than those in 5 a and 15 a, and soil quality has been improved. In a word, with the restoration time increasing, vegetation restoration impacted the abundance and diversity of functional genes by altering the soil chemical properties, ultimately promoting the restoration and stability of the ecosystem. These results are helpful to understand the influence of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur-related functional genes in the process of vegetation restoration and to provide genetic scientific basis for ecological restoration in the mining areas.

China's Yangtze River Basin holds significant ecological and economic importance. Understanding land use dynamics and carbon stock changes in this region is critical for promoting sustainable development. This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of land use and carbon stocks from 1985 to 2022 by integrating the FLUS and InVEST models. It further projects changes through 2050 under three scenarios：inertial development，ecological protection，and economic development. The results reveal that：① Land use changes demonstrated a dynamic interplay of cultivated land decline（-26.5%），ecological restoration（forest 11.2%，wetland 14 681 km²），and rapid urban expansion（impervious surfaces ×4.08）. ② Net carbon stock increased by 1.83×10⁹ t during 1985-2022，with marked temporal variability. Significant declines occurred in cropland（-16.8%）and forest（-11.6%）carbon stocks between 1995 and 2000，while recent gains were observed in woodland（30.7%）and grassland（6.3%）from 2020 to 2022. ③ Land use transitions played a pivotal role in carbon dynamics：Conversion from cropland to forest contributed 1.26×10⁹ t of carbon gain（42.7% of total），whereas urbanization-driven cropland loss led to a 3.98 × 10⁸ t decrease. Wetland restoration and woodland expansion contributed an additional 2.01×10⁸ t and 5.29×10⁹ t，respectively. ④ Scenario analysis indicated that ecological protection yielded the highest carbon accumulation（72.47×10⁸ t）through wetland（118.9%）and forest（8.3%）expansion. In contrast，inertial and economic development scenarios resulted in 9.1% and 5.8% reductions due to increased impervious surface area. Spatial analysis identified the Yangtze River Delta and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban clusters as major carbon loss hotspots. The findings underscore the importance of implementing ecological protection strategies，including stricter controls on agricultural land conversion and enhanced wetland and forest restoration，to bolster regional carbon sinks and support China's dual carbon goals.

The construction of a "zero-waste city" is synergistic with carbon emission reduction. Estimating the carbon emission reduction potential of various solid wastes during the "zero-waste city" construction process, which is achieved through source reduction, harmless disposal, and resource utilization, can provide a scientific foundation for formulating and implementing relevant solid waste management measures to obtain greater carbon emission reduction benefits. Taking Yantai City as an example, based on the improved WARM model, the emission factor method was used to predict the carbon emission reduction potential throughout the entire life cycle of solid wastes from the industrial sector, urban and rural living areas, and agricultural sector. The results showed that through the construction of a "zero-waste city, " Yantai City was expected to achieve a carbon emission reduction benefit of 19.52 million tons (calculated in CO₂eq, hereinafter the same) in the field of solid waste. In the industrial sector, although the total amount of solid waste generated increased, a carbon emission reduction benefit of 17.45 million tons could still be realized. This would be accomplished through source reduction of solid waste in the coal-fired power industry, such as fly ash, and by increasing the utilization rate of gold tailings in building materials production. In the urban and rural living areas, the realization of 100% incineration treatment of domestic waste will decrease the amount of landfill and, at the same time, reduce carbon emissions. In the agricultural sector, by changing the utilization method of straws from crushing and returning to the field to fuel utilization, a carbon emission reduction of approximately 2 million tons could be generated. Increasing the intensity of carbon emissions source reduction in the coal-fired power industry, strengthening the research and development of resource utilization technologies for gold tailings, and improving the level of large-scale fuel utilization of straws are important approaches for the coordinated carbon emission reduction in the construction of a "zero-waste city" in Yantai City.

The Bosten Lake, as an ecological key hub in the arid region of Northwest China, has a relatively unique ecological environment, making it challenging to maintain ecological balance. Studying the dynamic changes of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the Bosten Lake Basin and its driving factors is of great significance for maintaining the stability and sustainable development of the basin's ecosystem. Based on Landsat data from 2001 to 2023, the NDVI values of the Bosten Lake Basin were calculated. The Mann-Kendall trend significance test, Sen's slope estimation method, and Hurst index were used to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of NDVI in the Bosten Lake Basin, and the relationship between climatic factors and NDVI was explored. The results showed that: ① The annual maximum NDVI in the Bosten Lake Basin generally showed an increasing trend, with a growth rate of 0.003 3 a^-1. The spatial distribution characteristics of NDVI were relatively obvious, mainly dominated by high vegetation coverage, with 52.18% of the area showing an increasing trend. ② Seasonally, the NDVI during the growing season showed an increasing trend, with the highest NDVI in summer and the lowest in spring, and the trend of summer NDVI changes was consistent with the annual maximum NDVI changes. ③ The Hurst index predicted that 34.72% of the area in the Bosten Lake Basin would show a degradation trend in NDVI, while 65.28% would show an improvement trend. ④ The annual maximum NDVI in the Bosten Lake Basin from 2001 to 2020 was positively correlated with rainfall, temperature, sunshine hours, and evaporation and significantly correlated with sunshine hours and total evaporation, with correlation coefficients of 0.374 and 0.494, respectively. Therefore, the NDVI in the Bosten Lake Basin has shown an improving trend over the past 23 years, positively correlated with climatic factors. This study provides a scientific basis for the ecological environment construction, ecosystem management, and ecological balance maintenance in the Bosten Lake Basin.

Vigorously promoting new energy vehicles is an important measure for China's transportation industry to implement the "dual carbon" strategy. In order to comprehensively understand the carbon emission transfer and carbon reduction effect caused by cross regional consumption of electricity in the promotion of new energy vehicles, a refined provincial new energy vehicle dataset was first constructed, and the electricity demand during the use stage of new energy vehicles in various provinces of China was calculated. Subsequently, based on the quasi-input-output model, an interprovincial power transmission network was constructed, and the carbon emission transfer amount and transfer path caused by the use of new energy vehicles in 2020 and 2021 were calculated. Finally, the carbon reduction effect of promoting new energy vehicles in various provinces of China was evaluated through counterfactual scenario simulations. The results showed that the promotion of new energy vehicles has intensified the trend of carbon emission transfer from economically developed coastal areas to underdeveloped central and western regions, and the phenomenon of carbon emission transfer within each region was also quite evident. Carbon emissions will also be indirectly transferred through power hubs. From a national perspective, new energy vehicles had significant emission reduction benefits compared to fuel vehicles and were closely related to the power structure of local and power output regions. Provinces with a high proportion of clean energy use had more prominent emission reduction effects.