工业工程最新文献

Optimizing the spatial pattern of carbon storage is of great significance for increasing the carbon sink capacity of regional ecosystems and maintaining regional carbon balance. Taking the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River Basin as an example， combined with InVEST and PLUS models， the carbon storage and spatial distribution pattern of the ecosystem in the study area in 2030 were predicted under three different scenarios： natural development， cultivated land protection， and ecological protection. The pattern of carbon storage in the study area was optimized using a Bayesian network model with decision optimization ability. The results showed that： ① Carbon storage in the study area showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2020， with a total decrease of 4 797.63×10⁴ t， mainly due to the conversion of cultivated land and forest land to construction land. ② In 2030， the carbon storage under the ecological protection scenario of the study area was 38 528.91×10⁴ t， showing an increasing trend， while the carbon storage under the other two scenarios showed a decreasing trend. ③ By using the Bayesian network model， key variables and key state subsets were selected， and the study area was divided into four types of optimal zones： ecological protection area， cultivated land protection area， water conservation area， and economic construction area. This study sought to clarify the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of carbon storage in the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River Basin， predict its future development trend， and optimize its spatial pattern， which is conducive to the sustainable development of land use in the basin and provides reference for promoting the "dual carbon" goal of the basin.

Wetland sediments are the "sinks" of microplastics， nitrogen， phosphorus， and other nutrient elements in freshwater ecosystems， while microplastics have a great impact on the environment. To explore the effects of different types and contents of microplastics on nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the sediments of Zhalong wetland， an internationally important wetland， a total of seven experimental groups were set up， including CK （without microplastic addition）， PE2 （2% polyethylene microplastics）， PE5 （5% polyethylene microplastics）， PE10 （10% polyethylene microplastics）， PLA2 （2% polylactic acid microplastics）， PLA5 （5% polylactic acid microplastics）， and PLA10 （10% polylactic acid microplastics）. Culture experiments were conducted for 7， 15， and 30 days to determine total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， total phosphorus， organic phosphorus， and inorganic phosphorus in Zhalong wetland sediments. The results showed that the addition of microplastics significantly decreased the pH of Zhalong wetland sediments （P<0.05）， in which the pH of sediments decreased with the increase in PE and PLA microplastics contents， and the response to PLA microplastics was stronger. Compared with that in the blank control group， the microplastic treatment group decreased the ammonium nitrogen content and increased the nitrate nitrogen content in the sediments of Zhalong wetland， and the ammonium nitrogen content in the sediments of the PLA microplastic treatment group decreased the most， ranging from 30.1%-50.5%. The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were negatively correlated with the content of microplastics （P<0.001） and positively correlated with the content of microplastics （P<0.05）. The addition of microplastics significantly decreased organophosphate （P<0.05） and increased inorganic phosphorus （P<0.05） in Zhalong wetland sediments. In addition， the experimental analysis showed that the addition of PE plastic mainly affected the nitration and organic phosphate mineralization by changing the pH of the sediment. The effects of PLA microplastics on nitrogen and phosphorus in Zhalong wetland sediments were mainly related to their contents. The results of this study provide basic data for the prevention and control of microplastic pollution and the protection and restoration of Zhalong wetland， as well as provide relevant references for the effects of microplastics on nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland sediments.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different fertilization measures on nutrients and winter wheat yield in brown soil fields， analyze the characteristics of soil extracellular enzymes and microbial communities， and provide a theoretical basis for effectively improving soil fertility and winter wheat yield in brown soil fields. Based on seven consecutive years of positioning tests from 2017 to 2024， including five different fertilization measures， soil nutrient content， extracellular enzyme activity， and bacterial and fungal community structure and function were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology and the ecological network method in a no fertilization treatment （CK）， conventional fertilization treatment （NPK）， optimized fertilization treatment （NPKM）， single organic fertilizer treatment （OM）， and conventional fertilization + straw direct return treatment （NPKS）. The results showed that：① Different fertilization measures （NPK， NPKM， NPKS， and OM） could improve soil fertility， wheat yield， and extracellular enzyme activity， among which the NPKS treatment had the most significant effect. ② Different fertilization measures changed the composition of the soil bacterial community， and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was increased， while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was decreased. SOC， UE， and TP were important factors affecting the composition of bacterial communities. ③ The dominant phyla of soil fungi were Ascomycetes， Basidiomycetes， and Mortieromycetes. The relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Mortierella was increased. DHA， AP， and UE were important factors affecting the composition of the fungal community. ④ Different fertilization measures increased the complexity of the soil bacterial community network and decreased the complexity of the soil fungal community network. ⑤ FAPROTAX bacterial function prediction results showed that different fertilization measures improved soil carbon and nitrogen cycling-related functions. FUNGuild fungal function prediction showed that returning straw to field could inhibit the growth of soil pathogens， while applying organic fertilizer could promote the growth of saprophytic fungi. Different fertilization measures could improve soil fertility and extracellular enzyme activity， increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria， significantly change the structure and composition of the soil microbial community， and promote soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Straw returning to field could inhibit the growth of soil pathogens. The effects of organic and inorganic combined application （NPKS and NPKM） were better than those of NPK and OM. Organic and inorganic combined application was conducive to improving soil quality， promoting carbon and nitrogen cycling， and increasing crop yield， so as to achieve sustainable development of dry farming.

Straw return is a crucial agricultural practice for enhancing soil carbon accumulation and fertility， but it may induce nutrient limitation on soil microbes， potentially affecting CO₂ emissions. Phosphorus （P）， a key nutrient， plays an essential role in this context， yet how P availability and straw return regulate the CO₂ emissions of black soil remains poorly understood. We utilized soil samples from a long-term fertilization experiment in Gongzhuling black soil under a non-fertilized treatment. Nine gradients of P addition （0， 5， 10， 15， 30， 50， 80， 100， and 150 mg·kg^-1 Na₂HPO₄ solution， on a P basis）， combined with straw addition， were carried out in a 28-day incubation experiment， during which their dynamic CO₂ emissions were monitored to examine the effects of P and straw addition on CO₂ emissions from the soil to identify the driving factors. The results indicated that in the absence of straw addition， the cumulative CO₂ emissions from the tested black soil ranged from 311.0 to 386.5 mg·kg^-1 （on a carbon basis）. As P addition rates increased， the cumulative CO₂ emissions exhibited a nonlinear pattern， initially decreasing and then increasing， with the lowest value occurring at 15 mg·kg^-1 P addition rate， which was 18.1% lower than that in the no-phosphorus treatment. Under straw addition， the cumulative CO₂ emissions from the tested black soil ranged from 721.9 to 855.5 mg·kg^-1， which was on average 2.3 times higher than those in the absence of straw. As P addition increased， the CO₂ emissions showed a linear increase， peaking at 100 mg·kg^-1 P addition rate， which was 18.5% higher than that in the no-phosphorus treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that， in the absence of straw， cumulative CO₂ emissions were significantly positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）. Under straw addition， cumulative CO₂ emissions were significantly positively correlated with DOC， DIN， and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）. P addition significantly altered the contents of DOC， DIN， MBC， and metabolic quotient （qCO₂）， thereby regulating CO₂ emissions. In conclusion， in the absence of straw， moderate P addition can alleviate carbon decomposition loss in the tested black soil. However， with straw addition， P addition might promote carbon decomposition， increasing CO₂ emissions from the tested black soil. In practical agricultural production， applying phosphate fertilizer should be rationally regulated based on soil P availability to avoid excessive application， thereby achieving the dual objectives of carbon sequestration and CO₂ emission reduction.

With the construction industry's continuous progress in high-quality development and ecological resilience enhancement， the coupling and coordination between these two dimensions have emerged as a critical issue for achieving sustainable development. Leveraging panel data from 30 Chinese provinces spanning 2014 to 2023， this study employs an integrated methodology combining the weighting-TOPSIS approach， a coupling coordination degree model， kernel density estimation， the Dagum Gini coefficient， and Markov chain analysis to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal coupling characteristics and regional disparities in the high-quality development of the construction industry and ecological resilience. The results indicate that： ①During the study period， the coupling coordination degree between high-quality development and ecological resilience exhibited an overall upward trend， albeit with significant regional heterogeneity. ②The eastern region demonstrated the highest level of coupling coordination， coupled with the most rapid growth rate， while the northeastern region experienced pronounced growth fluctuations. In contrast， the central and western regions lagged behind the national average in terms of growth. ③Intra-regional disparities gradually narrowed， whereas inter-regional differences remained a persistent challenge for the coupling coordination of the two systems. ④The coupling coordination degree displayed a tendency to maintain its existing state， with spatial proximity effects playing a significant role in enhancing coordination levels. This study advances the theoretical understanding of the coupling coordination mechanism between high-quality development and ecological resilience in the construction sector， offering strategic insights and policy recommendations for fostering regional coordinated development and sustainable transformation.

The impact of land use change on habitat quality is of great significance for advancing regional ecological civilization construction. In this study， Jiangxi Province， a national ecological civilization pilot zone， was selected as the study area. Land use data from 2000， 2010， and 2020 were used to analyze the characteristics of land use changes. Three representative scenarios from CMIP6， namely SSP119， SSP245， and SSP585， were adopted to simulate the patterns of land use change in 2040 and 2060 using the SD-PLUS model. Subsequently， the variations of habitat quality were assessed using the InVEST model. The results showed that： ① Between 2000 and 2020， land use change in Jiangxi Province exhibited a pattern of "rapid at first， then slowing down，" with land conversion rate in the first decade being 4.67 times that in the second decade. The primary transitions included mutual conversions among paddy field， dryland， forested land， and sparse forest land， as well as the transfer to urban land and other construction land. ② During this period， the mean habitat quality decreased by 3.57%， with medium， good， and excellent quality levels predominating. In contrast， poor and relatively poor levels were primarily concentrated in urban built-up areas and exhibited a "large-character" diffusion pattern along major transportation corridors. ③ Future scenarios indicated a continued reduction in cultivated land and an expansion of construction land. Under SSP119， forest land was significantly increased， resulting in the highest habitat quality. Under SSP245， a more balanced land-use pattern was observed， with moderate habitat quality. Under SSP585， the most pronounced expansion of construction land occurred， leading to the lowest habitat quality. ④ The improvement in habitat quality was primarily driven by the increase in forested land and sparse forest land. Conversely， the expansion of construction land and the conversion of forest land to cultivated land were the main factors contributing to the decline in habitat quality. These findings provide a scientific basis for ecological governance and sustainable development in Jiangxi Province.

In order to clarify the effects of flood irrigation （FI）， sprinkler irrigation （SI）， and drip irrigation （DI） on the accumulation of cadmium （Cd） and arsenic （As） in wheat grains， a mini-plot experiment was carried out to investigate the variations of soil Cd and As bioavailability in the rhizosphere under three irrigation treatments （DI and SI with the same irrigation volume， both equal to two-thirds of FI） and the distribution， migration， and accumulation of Cd and As in various parts of winter wheat. The results showed that the DI treatment reduced grain-Cd by 22.14% and grain-As by 17.46% and the accumulation of Cd by 32.09% and As by 27.77% in wheat grains and did not decrease the hundred-grain weight and grain number per spike compared with that in FI. Furthermore， it was found that the DI treatment decreased soil Eh and then regulated the composition of dominant rhizobacterial genera. DI reduced the relative abundance of unclassified_o__Rokubacteriales and increased the relative abundances of Bacillus and Skermanella， which resulted in the proportions of exchangeable-Cd （F1-Cd） being reduced by 8.13%-24.54%. Further， the DI treatment increased the relative abundances of Bacillus， unclassified_ f__JG30-KF-CM45， and unclassified_ f__A4b， which enlarged the proportions of specifically adsorbed-As （F2-As） by 9.73%-31.36%. Therefore， the variation of the above-mentioned genera has driven the bio-transformation of Cd and As in soil， and DI decreased Cd concentrations in the soil solution by 73.78% maximally compared with that of FI and further inhibited Cd transport from glume to grain. However， the DI treatment improved the concentrations of As in the soil solution by 171.73% maximally but inhibited As translocation from rachis and glume to grain compared with those in FI and SI， respectively. Additionally， DI alleviated the accumulation rates of Cd and As in wheat grain and finally reduced the concentrations and accumulation of Cd and As in the grains. In summary， drip irrigation is a better pathway to save water resources and reduce Cd and As accumulation in wheat grain cultivated in calcareous soil with moderate Cd and As co-contaminated agricultural land， which could provide a new strategy for the safe utilization of heavy metal-contaminated farmland.

Conducting detailed investigations and precise tracing of soil heavy metal pollution in specialty agricultural product cultivation areas is of significant practical importance for fully advancing rural revitalization， promoting high-quality and sustainable agricultural development， and supporting national ecological security. This investigation focuses on the soil of the Guazhou melon cultivation area， systematically analyzing the pollution profiles of the heavy metals As， Cd， Cr， Cu， Hg， Ni， Pb， and Zn using methods such as the geo-accumulation index， enrichment factor， modified Nemerow pollution index， and pollution load index. Correlation-cluster analysis， the absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression （APCS-MLR） model， and the random forest （RF） model were employed to comprehensively identify and quantify the sources and contributions of soil heavy metal pollution. The results indicate that： ① The average levels of As， Cd， Cr， Cu， Hg， Ni， Pb， and Zn in the study area soil were 10.83， 0.28， 51.19， 20.93， 0.03， 25.62， 14.88， and 62.48 mg·kg^-1， respectively. Except for Cd， the average concentrations of As， Cr， Cu， Hg， Ni， Pb， and Zn were below the soil background levels for Gansu Province. Moreover， except for 3.4% of samples in which Cd levels exceeded the screening value set by the "soil environmental quality risk control standard for agricultural land （Trial）" （GB 15618-2018） for soils with pH > 7.5， the concentrations of As， Cr， Cu， Hg， Ni， Pb， and Zn in all other samples were below the screening threshold. ② Cd and Hg were the most severely polluted heavy metals in the melon cultivation soil， with highly contaminated samples located near transportation， industrial， and mining areas. ③ The accumulation of soil heavy metals in the melon cultivation area was influenced by combined sources： agricultural-traffic， industrial， and atmospheric deposition. The APCS-MLR model identified contributions of 43.56% from agricultural-traffic sources， 31.77% from industrial sources， and 19.33% from atmospheric deposition， while the RF model identified contributions of 46.55%， 26.03%， and 27.42% from these sources， respectively. The findings provide a scientific basis for managing soil heavy metal pollution risks and ensuring the safe and high-quality development of the melon industry in the region.

The seasonal fluctuations in water levels significantly influence the wet-dry transitions in the water-level-fluctuating zone （WLFZ） of lakes. Bacteria， as an important microbial group in the biogeochemical cycles of this zone， profoundly affect the ecological functions of the area. A thorough investigation of the changes in soil bacterial communities during water level fluctuations is crucial for understanding the ecological functions of the WLFZ and its responses to environmental changes. Using high-throughput sequencing technology， the seasonal variation of bacterial communities in the Poyang Lake WLFZ from 2019 to 2020 was systematically analyzed. The results indicated that Proteobacteria， Acidobacteriota， and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla in the WLFZ， while Actinobacteriota， Firmicutes， and Bacteroidota exhibited significant differences between submerged and exposed states. During flooding， bacterial diversity significantly decreased， and the influence of stochastic processes on community assembly increased. Additionally， bacterial co-occurrence networks under flooded conditions displayed higher complexity， modularity， and keystone species abundance. In exposed states， bacterial diversity correlated significantly positively with soil moisture content （P<0.01）， with TN and TP identified as primary drivers of community composition. Under flooded conditions， NH₄⁺-N， TN， TP， and TOC were significantly correlated with bacterial diversity （P<0.01）， while soil pH and TOC were the key factors affecting community structure. The predicted functions of the bacterial community such as nitrogen fixation， carbohydrate degradation， aromatic compound degradation， and methane metabolism exhibited distinct seasonal shifts driven by water-level fluctuations. These findings enhance our understanding of how soil bacterial communities in lake WLFZ adapt structurally and functionally to seasonal hydrological changes.

To construct an ecological security pattern for Henan Province to support regional ecological protection and sustainable development， a comprehensive analysis of the landscape elements in Henan Province was conducted using morphological spatial pattern analysis （MSPA）， circuit theory， and space syntax. By identifying key elements such as ecological sources， corridors， pinch points， and obstacles and evaluating the morphological structure characteristics of the ecological network， critical spaces requiring priority restoration were determined. The results indicated that： ① The total area of landscape types in Henan Province was 32 066 km²， accounting for 19.20% of the study area， with core areas covering 23 095 km²， or 13.83%. When the area threshold was ≥3 km²， 380 ecological sources were identified， occupying 12.96% of the total study area， mainly concentrated in the western， central， and southern regions. ② Based on circuit theory， 1 139 ecological corridors were extracted， with a total length of 18 206.68 km， including 504 important， 403 secondary important， and 232 general corridors. Additionally， 316 ecological pinch points （located at the junctions of corridors and sources） and 290 ecological obstacles （distributed along corridors） were identified. ③ It is recommended to prioritize the restoration of 109 ecological obstacles in the northern and eastern regions， with a total restoration area of 1 387.19 km². ④ Ultimately， an ecological security pattern of "one belt， two verticals， three screens， four corridors， and multiple nodes" was constructed. This pattern and its key elements fully reflect the actual characteristics of Henan Province's ecosystem， and the proposed restoration strategies provide scientific basis and practical guidance for regional ecological protection and sustainable development.