工业工程最新文献

Against the backdrop of the contradiction between economic development and the "dual carbon" policy, it is of great significance to explore the decoupling effect and driving factors of China's carbon emissions. Here, we used the Tapio decoupling model to characterize the decoupling state of China's carbon emissions and economic growth, optimizing and expanding the decoupling index based on the LMDI model, systematically exploring the driving factors and their contribution to carbon emissions decoupling, further predicting the driving factors based on the grey breakpoint model, and then exploring the main contradictions of carbon emission decoupling in China in the next few years. The results showed that the decoupling state of carbon emissions in various regions of China was mainly weak decoupling, with the western region performing the worst. Under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, most regions have shown a strong decoupling state, but the decoupling index of carbon emissions rebounded during the economic recovery stage. Energy efficiency and technological progress were the main driving forces for carbon emission decoupling, while economic growth was the main obstacle. The impact of fossil energy consumption structure and demographic factors was relatively small. In the next few years, the decrease in energy efficiency will weaken the role of the energy intensity effect in promoting carbon emission decoupling, and the decline in innovation efficiency will inhibit carbon emission decoupling.

Facing the dual strategic tasks of fundamental ecological improvement and the "Dual Carbon" goals, synergistic promotion of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation (PRCM) has become an inevitable choice for comprehensive green transformation in the new development stage. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH), Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRD), and Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRD) were selected as research targets. The coupling coordination degree model between carbon-emission and air-pollution-control systems was established to quantify the synergic index of PRCM from 2000 to 2019. The improved gravity-model-based approach integrated with social network analysis was employed to characterize the spatial correlation network structures of urban-agglomeration-level synergy effects, through which macro-scale spatial configurations and micro-scale interaction patterns were systematically revealed. The results showed that: ① From 2000 to 2019, the synergistic effects of PRCM significantly strengthened across China's three major urban agglomerations-the BTH, YRD, and PRD-with the PRD outperforming the YRD and BTH in the synergistic effects of PRCM. ② Stable spatial correlations were identified among the urban agglomerations, though their internal network structures differed markedly. ③ The YRD and PRD demonstrated comprehensive sectoral distributions, while the BTH displayed dual net spillover sectors, one net beneficiary sector, and one brokerage sector. ④ The networks exhibited compactness, connectivity, and overlay effects, alongside a "community effect" reflecting fragmented regional governance. In future construction, resource optimization and allocation should be coordinated based on the integrated development of urban agglomerations. Inter-regional cooperation should be strengthened to enhance the linkage effect among different regions, and the network-oriented approach should be adopted to promote the synergistic effects of PRCM in urban agglomerations.

This research takes the transportation industries of 30 provinces in China as the research object. Based on the SBM super-efficiency model, the total-factor carbon-emission productivity of the transportation industry from 2010 to 2021 was measured. Dynamic analysis was carried out by combining the Malmquist-Luenberger index model and kernel density estimation. Meanwhile, the Theil index method and the coefficient of variation were used to study its regional differences. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms were systematically explored with the help of the spatial geographically weighted regression model. The research results showed that: ① In terms of time series, from 2010 to 2021, the carbon-emission productivity of the transportation industry in the whole country and the eastern, central, and western regions showed a fluctuating upward trend, with average annual growth rates of 5.41%, 7.54%, 4.90%, and 4.79%, respectively. Technological progress and pure technical efficiency were the main driving factors. The increase in the carbon-emission productivity of the transportation industry in the eastern region was greater than the national level, while the increases in the central and western regions were less than the national level. ② In terms of spatial distribution, there were obvious regional differences in the carbon-emission productivity of China's transportation industry. Overall, it showed a spatial distribution characteristic of "high in the east and low in the west, " with "medium-low values as the main and high values as the supplement." The relative differences shown by the average value of the coefficient of variation from large to small were those of the eastern region, western region, and central region in turn. The relative difference in the carbon-emission productivity of the eastern region showed a narrowing trend, while the relative differences in the central and western regions showed an expanding trend. ③ The kernel density analysis showed that the carbon-emission productivity in the eastern region was concentrated in the medium-low level, the central region showed a broad single-peak and strong heterogeneity, and the western region showed polarization. ④ The spatial geographically weighted regression analysis revealed the heterogeneity of driving factors: Labor input continuously promoted positively in the West, and its effect strengthened in the later stage in the East; the impact of investment showed a dynamic evolution of "negative-dominated to positive-expansion, " and the regional gap gradually narrowed; and the inhibitory effect of energy intensity was stronger in the east than in the west.

Due to its large biomass and ability to absorb heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), in soil, ramie has been implicated as having the potential for remediating Cd-contaminated soils. This pot study aimed to explore the remedial effects of ramie-based phytoremediation assisted by earthworms on farmland safe utilization soils contaminated with Cd at levels of 1 mg·kg^-1 and 3 mg·kg^-1. The findings included: ① The presence of earthworms significantly reduced SOM, increased soil enzymatic activities, and improved soil quality. ② The application of ramie-based phytoremediation or earthworm remediation increased the available Cd content in soil, with the combined application showing the greatest significant increase of 28% and 27% at 1 mg·kg^-1 Cd and 3 mg·kg^-1 Cd-fortified soils, respectively. ③ The presence of earthworms significantly increased the total biomass of ramie of 15% and 30% at 1 mg·kg^-1 Cd and 3 mg·kg^-1 Cd-fortified soils, respectively. ④ The presence of earthworms significantly increased the total Cd accumulation in ramie for both 1 mg·kg^-1 Cd and 3 mg·kg^-1 Cd-fortified soils, by 24% and 68%, respectively. Overall, earthworms can enhance the efficiency of ramie-based phytoremediation for Cd-contaminated soils. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the application of ramie in the remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland soils.

Reservoirs are artificial lakes formed by damming water, and the enrichment of pollutants caused by water storage and flood control has become a major ecological problem worldwide. Microplastics enter reservoirs through atmospheric deposition, sewage discharge, and surface runoff and continue to accumulate, not only having a significant impact on reservoir ecosystems but even threatening human health through drinking water and the food chain. To comprehensively understand the status of microplastic pollution in Chinese reservoirs, this study analyzed research articles on microplastic pollution in Chinese reservoirs from 2013 to 2024. This study showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of Chinese reservoirs was (11 542±15 325) n·m^-3 and (1 408.45±2 659.03) n·kg^-1 in the sediments. The main types of microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, and the particle size distribution of microplastics showed the trend of higher abundance as the size of the particles got smaller. Reservoir construction has changed the natural hydrological situation of the river, and the different hydrodynamic conditions and water environments of the river during the impoundment period and the flood discharge period have had a significant impact on the horizontal and vertical transport behavior of microplastics. In addition, microplastics are prone to form biofilms in closed water bodies of reservoirs and adsorb various pollutants and organic matter, which not only have an impact on the nutrient cycling of the reservoir system but also cause toxic effects when ingested by plants and animals. Finally, this study puts forward the problems that remain to be solved in the future study of microplastic pollution in reservoirs and envisions the future research directions and focuses of microplastic pollution in reservoirs, with a view to providing scientific references for the ecological risk assessment, pollution prevention, and control of microplastic pollution in China's reservoirs.

Understanding the spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in river sediments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great significance for revealing the global geochemical processes of heavy metals. Taking the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River as the research object, surface sediment samples were collected from the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in July 2023, and the content and particle size composition of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) that have great impact on the environment and human body were analyzed. The results showed that the grain size of the sediments in the study area was dominated by sand (57.3%), coarse silt (23.2%), fine silt (11.9%), and clay (7.6%). The sediment sand proportion was higher the closer to the river source. The proportion of sand in the north bank was larger than that in the south bank. The contents of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb in the sediments of the study area were higher than those of the soil background values of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There were significant differences in the distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of tributaries on the north and south banks. The contents of Cr, Ni, and As in the north bank tributaries were significantly higher than those in the south bank. This spatial difference was related to the rock types of the parent rocks of different tributaries and the different intensities of human activities. According to the results of PMF model analysis, natural and human factors contributed for 78.0% and 22.0%, respectively, in the sediment of tributaries on the south bank of the study area. Natural sources and sources of heavy metals contributed for 85.1% and 14.9%, respectively, in the sediments of the north bank tributaries. This study can provide reference for understanding the geochemical processes of heavy metals in Yarlung Zangbo River sediments under factors and human activities.

The simulation and prediction of land use change and ecosystem services value（ESV）is an important way to reduce the cost of land space governance and increase the improvement of ecological services. Based on the support of multi-source data，taking Guyuan City as a typical area，the PLUS model was used to simulate and predict the land use change in the loess hilly area，the equivalent factor method was used to measure the response relationship of ESV to land use change，and the ESTD model was used to weigh the ESV response characteristics of different scenarios. The results are as follows：① The effect of ecological construction policy on land use adjustment was significant. From 1990 to 2000，cultivated land expansion and grassland reduction were the mainstay，but after 2000，the expansion of cultivated land and steep slope planting were curbed，the expansion of forest land was obvious，the agglomeration of urban and rural settlements was enhanced，and the land use pattern was optimized. ② The total amount of ESV increased by 2.49×10⁸ yuan，which showed that ESV decreased from 1990 to 2000 but increased steadily and gradually after 2000. The four major ESV contributed to the land types，but the order relationship was adjusted from grassland > cultivated land > forest land > water area in 1990 to grassland > forest land > cultivated land > water area in 2020. ③ The land use pattern was gradually optimized，the disorderly expansion of cultivated land and steep slope planting were curbed，the distribution of forest land expanded significantly，and the agglomeration of urban and rural settlements was enhanced. ④ The decreasing and increasing areas of ESV were widely distributed and intermixed. Before 2000，it was mainly manifested in the trade-off relationship between resource competition and ecosystem services，but since 2000，the synergistic relationship has gradually taken advantage，and the ecosystem service function and support function with the consistent ecological function of the regional main body have been enhanced. In the future，the territorial spatial regulation strategy of giving priority to ecological protection should be continuously strengthened. The results show that the value of ecosystem services was different under different scenarios，and this study provides an important reference for regional ecological protection and land use management.

The study of ecological resilience is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of ecosystems and providing ecological support for socio-economic activities. Based on the three dimensions of resistance, adaptability, and resilience, a potential-elastic-stability ecological resilience evaluation model was constructed to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of ecological resilience in Shenyang from 1990 to 2020. Additionally, the MOP-PLUS model was coupled to simulate the level of ecological resilience under different development scenarios for Shenyang in 2030. The results show that: ① From 1990 to 2020, the overall ecological resilience level of Shenyang showed a downward trend, with a stable spatial pattern of potential, stability, and resilience and similar distributional characteristics. ② From 1990 to 2020, the northeast and southeast low hills of Shenyang, as well as the watershed areas, exhibited higher toughness, while the central city and county built-up areas had lower toughness, with a tendency for this pattern to expand to the periphery. ③ Simulation of different development scenarios showed that the economic priority development scenario had the lowest ecological toughness, the ecological priority development scenario had the highest ecological toughness, and the coordinated development scenario, which took both economic and ecological development into account, resulted in ecological toughness at an intermediate level. However, the regional development advantages in the coordinated development scenario were greater, representing the best development path for the future.

Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of ecosystem service value（ESV）is critical for promoting regional ecological civilization and sustainable development. Taking the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle as the study area，we systematically investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of ESV，analyzed factors influencing spatial heterogeneity，and explored complex interactions among these drivers using land use data from 2000，2005，2010，2016，and 2022. We employed the equivalent factor method，spatial autocorrelation analysis，and interpretable machine learning（XGBoost-SHAP）approaches. Our results indicate that：① ESV exhibited a continuous upward trend from 2000 to 2022. ② ESV showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation，characterized by a spatial pattern of "low core-high periphery，" centering around urban cores. ③ Natural geographical factors primarily drove ESV variations，with elevation and population density identified as critical determinants. Notably，we observed significant nonlinear interactions between elevation and temperature，as well as between elevation and population density. These findings offer scientific insights into ecological conservation and sustainable policy-making in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle.

To investigate the synergistic effects of acidic soil amendments and straw return on soil properties and cadmium (Cd) content in rice under a rice/rape rotation system and to provide a scientific basis for acidic purple soil improvement and heavy metal pollution remediation, a field experiment was conducted with six treatments: no fertilization (CK), NPK (F), NPK + straw return (FT), NPK + calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + straw return (FGT), NPK + lime powder + straw return (FST), and NPK + biochar + straw return (FBT). The study evaluated crop yield, soil organic matter (SOM), pH, total Cd, available Cd (DTPA-Cd), and Cd content in rice straw, husk, and grains to elucidate their interactive effects. The results demonstrated that: ① Compared with CK, FGT, FST, and FBT significantly increased SOM (P < 0.05), with FBT elevating SOM by 3.56 g·kg^-1 and 9.88 g·kg^-1 during the rape and rice seasons, respectively. For crop yield, FBT enhanced rape yield by 61.7%, while FST increased rice yield by 14.4%. ② Relative to F, FGT, FST, and FBT significantly raised soil pH (P < 0.05), with FST increasing pH by 0.99 and 2.66 units in the rape and rice seasons, respectively. Compared to that in CK and F, FT increased total soil Cd by 3.1% and 1.2%, whereas FGT, FST, and FBT reduced total Cd by 9.4%-16.9% and available Cd by 23.1%-30.7%. FBT decreased Cd content in rice grains by 44.2%. ③ Cd enrichment and translocation varied across rice tissues. Enrichment coefficients followed the order straw > husk > grains, and the translocation coefficient from straw to husk was lower than that from husk to grains. ④ Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations (P < 0.05) between SOM and DTPA-Cd, total Cd, grain Cd, and straw Cd. In Cd-contaminated acidic purple soil under rice/rape rotation, the combined application of straw return with amendments (e.g., calcium magnesium phosphate, lime powder, biochar) significantly enhanced SOM, crop yield, and soil pH (P < 0.05) and effectively reduced available Cd and Cd content in rice tissues, with the FBT treatment (biochar combined with straw return) demonstrating the most comprehensive improvement.