Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60508-6
Jiongyuan HUANG , Zhiyi CHEN , Yujie LUO , Na AI , Sanping JIANG , Kongfa CHEN
Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion. However, during SOC operation, gaseous chromium (Cr) species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes, causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the long-term stability of SOCs. This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning, offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.
{"title":"Advancements in chromium-tolerant air electrode for solid oxide cells: A mini-review","authors":"Jiongyuan HUANG , Zhiyi CHEN , Yujie LUO , Na AI , Sanping JIANG , Kongfa CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60508-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60508-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion. However, during SOC operation, gaseous chromium (Cr) species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes, causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the long-term stability of SOCs. This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning, offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60503-7
Yuhang ZHUO, Weizhe ZHANG, Yixiang Luo, Peixuan HAO, Yixiang SHI
The progress of elevated-temperature alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen production and alkaline fuel cells for power generation is highlighted. Alkaline water electrolysis utilizes platinum group metals and nickel-based alloys, such as Raney nickel and stainless steel, as electrocatalysts. It employs aqueous KOH solutions or molten KOH-NaOH-LiOH as electrolytes, combined with metal oxide diaphragms fabricated via tape casting or electrode-supported powder sintering for product separation. Notably, electrolysis has demonstrated stable operation for over 400 h at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C, with a degradation rate of less than 0.1 V/kh. At the system level, a 20 kW stable water electrolysis has been achieved at 130 °C, allowing flexible transitions between endothermic and exothermic modes for multi-thermal-source thermo-hydrogen energy conversion. Elevated-temperature alkaline fuel cells, using similar electrocatalysts, have expanded their electrolyte options to include solid materials with adequate ionic conductivity, such as high-valence metal-doped phosphates. Liquid-electrolyte systems have successfully achieved kW-level applications in both terrestrial and space environments, while recent solid-electrolyte developments have demonstrated over 160 h of continuous operation, with alkaline membrane fuel cells achieving stable operation for more than 195 h.
{"title":"Progress of elevated-temperature alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production and alkaline fuel cells power generation","authors":"Yuhang ZHUO, Weizhe ZHANG, Yixiang Luo, Peixuan HAO, Yixiang SHI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60503-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60503-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progress of elevated-temperature alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen production and alkaline fuel cells for power generation is highlighted. Alkaline water electrolysis utilizes platinum group metals and nickel-based alloys, such as Raney nickel and stainless steel, as electrocatalysts. It employs aqueous KOH solutions or molten KOH-NaOH-LiOH as electrolytes, combined with metal oxide diaphragms fabricated via tape casting or electrode-supported powder sintering for product separation. Notably, electrolysis has demonstrated stable operation for over 400 h at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C, with a degradation rate of less than 0.1 V/kh. At the system level, a 20 kW stable water electrolysis has been achieved at 130 °C, allowing flexible transitions between endothermic and exothermic modes for multi-thermal-source thermo-hydrogen energy conversion. Elevated-temperature alkaline fuel cells, using similar electrocatalysts, have expanded their electrolyte options to include solid materials with adequate ionic conductivity, such as high-valence metal-doped phosphates. Liquid-electrolyte systems have successfully achieved kW-level applications in both terrestrial and space environments, while recent solid-electrolyte developments have demonstrated over 160 h of continuous operation, with alkaline membrane fuel cells achieving stable operation for more than 195 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 231-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60494-9
Zhen LIU , Lihong ZHANG , Chunming XU , Zhenhua WANG , Jinshuo QIAO , Wang SUN , Kening SUN
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can effectively convert CO2 into high value-added CO fuel. In this paper, Sc-doped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.3Sc0.2O6–δ (SFMSc) perovskite oxide material is synthesized via solid-phase method as the cathode for CO2 electrolysis by SOECs. XRD confirms that SFMSc exhibits a stable cubic phase crystal structure. The experimental results of TPD, TG, EPR, CO2-TPD further demonstrate that Sc-doping increases the concentration of oxygen vacancy in the material and the chemical adsorption capacity of CO2 molecules. Electrochemical tests reveal that SFMSc single cell achieves a current density of 2.26 A/cm2 and a lower polarization impedance of 0.32 Ω·cm2 at 800 °C under the applied voltage of 1.8 V. And no significant performance attenuation or carbon deposition is observed after 80 h continuous long-term stability test. This study provides a favorable support for the development of SOEC cathode materials with good electro-catalytic performance and stability.
{"title":"Sc-doped strontium iron molybdenum cathode for high-efficiency CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell","authors":"Zhen LIU , Lihong ZHANG , Chunming XU , Zhenhua WANG , Jinshuo QIAO , Wang SUN , Kening SUN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60494-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60494-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can effectively convert CO<sub>2</sub> into high value-added CO fuel. In this paper, Sc-doped Sr<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>1.5</sub>Mo<sub>0.3</sub>Sc<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>6–<em>δ</em></sub> (SFMSc) perovskite oxide material is synthesized via solid-phase method as the cathode for CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis by SOECs. XRD confirms that SFMSc exhibits a stable cubic phase crystal structure. The experimental results of TPD, TG, EPR, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD further demonstrate that Sc-doping increases the concentration of oxygen vacancy in the material and the chemical adsorption capacity of CO<sub>2</sub> molecules. Electrochemical tests reveal that SFMSc single cell achieves a current density of 2.26 A/cm<sup>2</sup> and a lower polarization impedance of 0.32 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> at 800 °C under the applied voltage of 1.8 V. And no significant performance attenuation or carbon deposition is observed after 80 h continuous long-term stability test. This study provides a favorable support for the development of SOEC cathode materials with good electro-catalytic performance and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 272-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60486-X
Ruoyu LI , Xiaoyu LI , Jinke ZHANG , Yuan GAO , Yihan LING
Reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) is a new energy conversion device with significant applications, especially for power grid peaking shaving. However, the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes. In this work, a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La0.2Pr0.2Gd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (HE-LSCF) is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC. The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The polarization impedance (Rp) of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25 Ω·cm2 at 800 °C in an air atmosphere. Notably, at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800 °C, the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm2. The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability, and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation. With these advantages, HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.
{"title":"A high entropy stabilized perovskite oxide La0.2Pr0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ as a promising air electrode for reversible solid oxide cells","authors":"Ruoyu LI , Xiaoyu LI , Jinke ZHANG , Yuan GAO , Yihan LING","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60486-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60486-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) is a new energy conversion device with significant applications, especially for power grid peaking shaving. However, the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes. In this work, a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La<sub>0.2</sub>Pr<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3−<em>δ</em></sub> (HE-LSCF) is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC. The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The polarization impedance (<em>R</em><sub>p</sub>) of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> at 800 °C in an air atmosphere. Notably, at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800 °C, the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm<sup>2</sup>. The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability, and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation. With these advantages, HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 282-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60502-5
Dachen TAO , Xin XIE , Yang YANG , Jun LI , Dingding YE , Rong CHEN , Xun ZHU , Qiang LIAO
Resulting from the capability of resisting fluctuating energy inputs, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) technology holds significant potential for green hydrogen production. The performance of PEMWE is influenced by various structural parameters, in which the properties of the porous transport layer (PTL) are particularly critical. Optimizing the structural characteristics of the PTL is important for enhancing the overall performance of PEMWE. In this study, a three-dimensional steady-state PEMWE model is firstly developed. Based on the model, polarization curves of the PEMWE under different PTL parameters are computed, and the impacts of three characteristic parameters, i.e. porosity, thickness, and conductivity, on the PEMWE performance are thoroughly investigated. Then, the corresponding performance optimization strategies are proposed by incorporating a multilayer perceptron (MLP) machine learning model. It shows that porosity plays a dominant role in the PTL performance among the three parameters, followed by thickness, with conductivity having a relatively minor impact. The increasing of porosity and reducing of thickness can effectively enhance the electrolyzer performance. According to the MLP model screening, the optimal PTL structure is determined to be the porosity of 0.52, thickness of 0.2 mm, and conductivity of 4×106 S/m. At 2 A/cm², the operating voltage of the PEMWE is 1.85 V.
{"title":"Performance optimization of anodic porous transport layer in proton exchange membrane electrolyzer using multilayer perceptron model","authors":"Dachen TAO , Xin XIE , Yang YANG , Jun LI , Dingding YE , Rong CHEN , Xun ZHU , Qiang LIAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60502-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60502-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resulting from the capability of resisting fluctuating energy inputs, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) technology holds significant potential for green hydrogen production. The performance of PEMWE is influenced by various structural parameters, in which the properties of the porous transport layer (PTL) are particularly critical. Optimizing the structural characteristics of the PTL is important for enhancing the overall performance of PEMWE. In this study, a three-dimensional steady-state PEMWE model is firstly developed. Based on the model, polarization curves of the PEMWE under different PTL parameters are computed, and the impacts of three characteristic parameters, i.e. porosity, thickness, and conductivity, on the PEMWE performance are thoroughly investigated. Then, the corresponding performance optimization strategies are proposed by incorporating a multilayer perceptron (MLP) machine learning model. It shows that porosity plays a dominant role in the PTL performance among the three parameters, followed by thickness, with conductivity having a relatively minor impact. The increasing of porosity and reducing of thickness can effectively enhance the electrolyzer performance. According to the MLP model screening, the optimal PTL structure is determined to be the porosity of 0.52, thickness of 0.2 mm, and conductivity of 4×10<sup>6</sup> S/m. At 2 A/cm², the operating voltage of the PEMWE is 1.85 V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocatalytic technology is capable of converting CO2 into valuable hydrocarbons, providing a new way to solve the problems of fossil fuel shortage and global warming. However, conventional semiconductor photocatalysts are limited by the small specific surface area and insufficient CO2 adsorption capacity. g-C3N4 has attracted much attention due to its non-toxicity, high stability and low-cost. Although the photocatalytic efficiency of pure g-C3N4 is constrained by the fast complexation of photogenerated electron/hole pairs, small surface area and insufficient light absorption, the charge separation, surface area and light absorption of g-C3N4 can be significantly enhanced by forming heterostructure with large bandgap semiconductor. Such g-C3N4-based heterostructures include semiconductor-supported, carbon material-supported, non-metal-supported and metal-organic frameworks-supported, which show great potential in CO2 photoconversion. However, modified g-C3N4-based heterostructures still face challenges and require innovation on research and design. So, this review emphasizes the importance of g-C3N4-based heterostructures in environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to CO2 reduction.
{"title":"Recent research progress in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using g-C3N4-based heterostructures","authors":"Fuyan REN, Zhen SUN, Tao MA, Hao ZHANG, Meng WEI, Shuai CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60482-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60482-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic technology is capable of converting CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable hydrocarbons, providing a new way to solve the problems of fossil fuel shortage and global warming. However, conventional semiconductor photocatalysts are limited by the small specific surface area and insufficient CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity. g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> has attracted much attention due to its non-toxicity, high stability and low-cost. Although the photocatalytic efficiency of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is constrained by the fast complexation of photogenerated electron/hole pairs, small surface area and insufficient light absorption, the charge separation, surface area and light absorption of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> can be significantly enhanced by forming heterostructure with large bandgap semiconductor. Such g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based heterostructures include semiconductor-supported, carbon material-supported, non-metal-supported and metal-organic frameworks-supported, which show great potential in CO<sub>2</sub> photoconversion. However, modified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based heterostructures still face challenges and require innovation on research and design. So, this review emphasizes the importance of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based heterostructures in environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 40-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60466-4
Lichuan SONG, Liding ZHONG, Jia SHEN, Yake LOU, Yun GUO, Li WANG
The preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2. Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for CO-PROX, with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support. Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies of γ-Al2O3: flower-like γ-Al2O3(f) exposing (110) crystal faces, sheet-like γ-Al2O3(s) revealing (100) crystal faces, and rod-like γ-Al2O3(r) displaying (111) crystal faces, followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles. The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles, and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity. Pt3Co intermetallic compounds were identified on γ-Al2O3(f) exposing (110) crystal faces, and PtCo/γ-Al2O3(f) showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction, achieving 100% CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225 °C. In contrast, only partial alloying of PtCo was observed on γ-Al2O3(s). Furthermore, no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al2O3(r), resulting in a reaction rate at 50 °C that was merely 11% of that of PtCo/γ-Al2O3(f). The formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt, which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species, thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.
{"title":"Tuning support morphology to control alloy over PtCo/γ-Al2O3 for the preferential oxidation of CO","authors":"Lichuan SONG, Liding ZHONG, Jia SHEN, Yake LOU, Yun GUO, Li WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60466-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60466-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H<sub>2</sub>. Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for CO-PROX, with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support. Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies of γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: flower-like γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(f) exposing (110) crystal faces, sheet-like γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(s) revealing (100) crystal faces, and rod-like γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(r) displaying (111) crystal faces, followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles. The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles, and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity. Pt<sub>3</sub>Co intermetallic compounds were identified on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(f) exposing (110) crystal faces, and PtCo/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(f) showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction, achieving 100% CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225 °C. In contrast, only partial alloying of PtCo was observed on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(s). Furthermore, no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(r), resulting in a reaction rate at 50 °C that was merely 11% of that of PtCo/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(f). The formation of Pt<sub>3</sub>Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt, which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species, thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60476-7
Jiayi WANG , Shaojun QING , Xili TONG , Tin XIANG , Kun ZHANG , Liangji XU
Water-urea electrolysis represents a promising avenue for nitrogen removal and efficient green hydrogen production from ammonia nitrogen wastewater. However, a key challenge, viz., the lack of bifunctional electrocatalysts with exceptional activity and long-term current stability toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR), lies in this avenue. In this regard, a shell-shaped Ni3S2/NiMoP2 heterostructure was constructed on nickel foam (NF) by a hydrothermal method coupled with the gas phase phosphating. Thanks to its laminated heterogeneous nanostructure with abundant oxygen vacancy and efficient electron mass transfer, this catalyst displays excellent activity both in HER and in UOR, with an ultra-low potential of −0.205 and 1.423 V (vs. RHE), respectively, to achieve a large current density of 1000 mA/cm2. The dual-electrode water-urea system assembled with the bifunctional Ni3S2/NiMoP2 catalyst requires only 1.580 V to achieve a current density of 500 mA/cm2, which is 159 mV lower than that in the overall water splitting. Additionally, it exhibits great durability and can operate stably and continuously for up to 100 h under high current conditions.
{"title":"Shell-shaped Ni3S2/NiMoP2 hetero-structure electrocatalyst for efficient water-urea electrolysis at high current density","authors":"Jiayi WANG , Shaojun QING , Xili TONG , Tin XIANG , Kun ZHANG , Liangji XU","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60476-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60476-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-urea electrolysis represents a promising avenue for nitrogen removal and efficient green hydrogen production from ammonia nitrogen wastewater. However, a key challenge, viz., the lack of bifunctional electrocatalysts with exceptional activity and long-term current stability toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR), lies in this avenue. In this regard, a shell-shaped Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NiMoP<sub>2</sub> heterostructure was constructed on nickel foam (NF) by a hydrothermal method coupled with the gas phase phosphating. Thanks to its laminated heterogeneous nanostructure with abundant oxygen vacancy and efficient electron mass transfer, this catalyst displays excellent activity both in HER and in UOR, with an ultra-low potential of −0.205 and 1.423 V (<em>vs.</em> RHE), respectively, to achieve a large current density of 1000 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The dual-electrode water-urea system assembled with the bifunctional Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NiMoP<sub>2</sub> catalyst requires only 1.580 V to achieve a current density of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which is 159 mV lower than that in the overall water splitting. Additionally, it exhibits great durability and can operate stably and continuously for up to 100 h under high current conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 116-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60487-1
Yupeng WANG , Youkang MA , Yonggang ZHAO , Peng CAO
The catalysts supported by Mn7Fe4Ce9Ox/AlOx and Mn3Fe1Ce6Ox/AlOx prepared by co-precipitation method were first evaluated by standard SCR mechanism reaction under 7777 h–1 intake condition. The catalytic activity of the two catalysts was only about 10% at 60 °C. Then, the concentration ratio of NO2/NOx in intake air was increased under the same conditions, and the concentration ratio of NO2/NOx in intake air was 0, 14.3%, 28.6%, 42.8%, 57%, 71.4%, 85.7% and 100%. The results show that the denitrification efficiency of Mn3Fe1Ce6Ox/AlOx catalyst can be 64% at 60 °C, which is about 58% higher than that of the first evaluation. Experimental and theoretical calculations show that Mn3Fe1Ce6Ox/AlOx catalyst has larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption and activation of NO2, which improves the efficiency of NO2 fast SCR mechanism reaction. At the same time, the in-situ infrared test found that the adsorption mode of Mn3Fe1Ce6Ox/AlOx catalyst changed significantly when the concentration ratio of NO2/NOx increased, and the E-R and L-H mechanism mainly adsorbed by NH3 changed to the E-R and L-H mechanism mainly adsorbed by NO2. The change of adsorption mechanism may be the key factor to improve the performance of catalyst at ultra-low temperature. This work provides a promising strategy for exploring efficient and economical denitrification of NH3-SCR, as well as experience for ultra-low temperature flue gas treatment and guidance for new flue gas treatment processes.
{"title":"Study on the improvement of ultra-low temperature performance and adsorption mechanism of Mn and Ce based denitrification catalysts by “NO2 SCR”","authors":"Yupeng WANG , Youkang MA , Yonggang ZHAO , Peng CAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60487-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60487-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The catalysts supported by Mn<sub>7</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>Ce<sub>9</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub>/AlO<sub><em>x</em></sub> and Mn<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>1</sub>Ce<sub>6</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub>/AlO<sub><em>x</em></sub> prepared by co-precipitation method were first evaluated by standard SCR mechanism reaction under 7777 h<sup>–1</sup> intake condition. The catalytic activity of the two catalysts was only about 10% at 60 °C. Then, the concentration ratio of NO<sub>2</sub>/NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> in intake air was increased under the same conditions, and the concentration ratio of NO<sub>2</sub>/NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> in intake air was 0, 14.3%, 28.6%, 42.8%, 57%, 71.4%, 85.7% and 100%. The results show that the denitrification efficiency of Mn<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>1</sub>Ce<sub>6</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub>/AlO<sub><em>x</em></sub> catalyst can be 64% at 60 °C, which is about 58% higher than that of the first evaluation. Experimental and theoretical calculations show that Mn<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>1</sub>Ce<sub>6</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub>/AlO<sub><em>x</em></sub> catalyst has larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption and activation of NO<sub>2</sub>, which improves the efficiency of NO<sub>2</sub> fast SCR mechanism reaction. At the same time, the <em>in-situ</em> infrared test found that the adsorption mode of Mn<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>1</sub>Ce<sub>6</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub>/AlO<sub><em>x</em></sub> catalyst changed significantly when the concentration ratio of NO<sub>2</sub>/NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> increased, and the E-R and L-H mechanism mainly adsorbed by NH<sub>3</sub> changed to the E-R and L-H mechanism mainly adsorbed by NO<sub>2</sub>. The change of adsorption mechanism may be the key factor to improve the performance of catalyst at ultra-low temperature. This work provides a promising strategy for exploring efficient and economical denitrification of NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR, as well as experience for ultra-low temperature flue gas treatment and guidance for new flue gas treatment processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of key components in biomass ash on the gasification reactivity of coal, the migration patterns of typical biomass ash components and the structural evolution characteristics of coal during gasification process were deeply investigated by using a simulated biomass ash. The results indicate that gasification temperature and Si element content are the key factors affecting the gasification reactivity of coal. When the Si/K mass ratio is 0.5 and 1.0, the gasification reactivity of the composite coal sample is larger than that of raw coal, while the Si/K mass ratio is 1.5, the gasification reactivity is less than that of raw coal. Under the experimental conditions, the composite coal sample with a Si/K mass ratio of 0.5 and a Ca/K mass ratio of 0.4 shows the greatest reactivity. The gasification reactivity index is 1.35 times higher than that of raw coal. Compared to potassium-containing minerals, the calcium-containing minerals have stronger catalysis and are more likely to react with silicates to form calcium-containing silicates, such as calcium zeolites (CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2·4H2O), thereby avoiding the reaction between potassium-containing minerals and silicates to form non-catalytic minerals, which allows potassium to fully exert its catalytic effects. Dynamic analysis implies that the shrinking core model well describes the gasification process of deashing coal catalyzed by simulated biomass ash. When the Si/K mass ratio is 0.5 and the Ca/K mass ratio is 0.4, the gasification reaction activation energy of composite coal is reduced to 174.39 kJ/mol, which is 14.32% lower than that of raw coal.
{"title":"Catalytic effects of simulated biomass ashes on coal gasification reactivity and the transformation evolution of minerals during gasification process","authors":"Xiao LI, Rui DONG, Chaochao ZHU, Rumeng ZHANG, Tingting HUANG, Kairong LIU, Xingchuang ZHANG, Pei LI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60483-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60483-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of key components in biomass ash on the gasification reactivity of coal, the migration patterns of typical biomass ash components and the structural evolution characteristics of coal during gasification process were deeply investigated by using a simulated biomass ash. The results indicate that gasification temperature and Si element content are the key factors affecting the gasification reactivity of coal. When the Si/K mass ratio is 0.5 and 1.0, the gasification reactivity of the composite coal sample is larger than that of raw coal, while the Si/K mass ratio is 1.5, the gasification reactivity is less than that of raw coal. Under the experimental conditions, the composite coal sample with a Si/K mass ratio of 0.5 and a Ca/K mass ratio of 0.4 shows the greatest reactivity. The gasification reactivity index is 1.35 times higher than that of raw coal. Compared to potassium-containing minerals, the calcium-containing minerals have stronger catalysis and are more likely to react with silicates to form calcium-containing silicates, such as calcium zeolites (CaO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O), thereby avoiding the reaction between potassium-containing minerals and silicates to form non-catalytic minerals, which allows potassium to fully exert its catalytic effects. Dynamic analysis implies that the shrinking core model well describes the gasification process of deashing coal catalyzed by simulated biomass ash. When the Si/K mass ratio is 0.5 and the Ca/K mass ratio is 0.4, the gasification reaction activation energy of composite coal is reduced to 174.39 kJ/mol, which is 14.32% lower than that of raw coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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