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Polarization-sensitive neuromorphic vision sensing enabled by pristine black arsenic-phosphorus 由原始黑色砷磷实现的偏振敏感神经形态视觉感应
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02125-0
Shi Zhang, Shuguang Zhu, Shijian Tian, Libo Zhang, Cheng Chen, Kening Xiao, Wenqi Mo, Shicong Hou, Yunduo Zhang, Yuanfeng Wen, Yiran Tan, Kaixuan Zhang, Jiayue Han, Changlong Liu, Jiale He, Weiwei Tang, Jun Wang, Guanhai Li, Kai Zhang, Lin Wang, Xiaoshuang Chen
Polarization-sensitive neuromorphic vision sensing excels in distinguishing light polarization states, offering intrinsic advantages in reducing glare and enhancing visual clarity in complex lighting environments, enabling advanced applications in autonomous driving, optical communication, and bioinspired imaging across the visible-to-infrared spectrum. Here, we present a polarization-sensitive neuromorphic phototransistor based on a high-quality, intrinsically anisotropic two-dimensional black arsenic-phosphorus nanosheet, which exhibits exceptional optoelectronic performance with a peak responsivity of 2.88 A W-1, a polarization ratio of 4.7 and a dynamic range of 40 dB within the near-infrared communication band. Through multidimensional input control, including polarization and gate voltage, the phototransistor successfully simulates synaptic behaviors analogous to human neural responses to visual stimuli, with paired-pulse facilitation values reaching 201%. Critically, the device demonstrates gate-tunable short-term plasticity, with optical persistence triggering stable long-term plasticity states that underpin memory consolidation. The neuromorphic properties enable the development of a hybrid optical-electronic neural network which achieves a classification accuracy of over 90% on the Fashion-MNIST dataset and a reconstruction accuracy of 71.38% using data from the Yale Face Database under 0º linear polarization. We demonstrate a polarization-resolved imaging approach utilizing the black arsenic-phosphorus phototransistor to reconstruct hidden targets with high fidelity through Stokes parameter extraction and degree of linear polarization mapping, revealing intricate polarization features invisible to conventional imaging systems. Our work establishes a foundational platform for high-performance neuromorphic vision systems with integrated polarization imaging, computation, and communication functionalities, addressing critical challenges in scalable brain-inspired optoelectronic technologies.
偏振敏感的神经形态视觉传感在区分光偏振状态方面表现出色,在复杂的照明环境中提供了减少眩光和提高视觉清晰度的内在优势,使自动驾驶,光通信和生物启发成像在可见到红外光谱中的先进应用成为可能。在这里,我们提出了一种极化敏感的神经形态光电晶体管,基于高质量的,本质各向异性的二维黑色砷磷纳米片,具有优异的光电性能,峰值响应率为2.88 a W-1,极化比为4.7,近红外通信波段动态范围为40 dB。通过多维输入控制,包括极化和栅极电压,光电晶体管成功地模拟了类似于人类神经对视觉刺激反应的突触行为,其对脉冲易化值达到201%。关键的是,该器件显示出门可调的短期可塑性,光持久性触发稳定的长期可塑性状态,巩固记忆。该神经形态特性使光电混合神经网络的发展成为可能,该网络在Fashion-MNIST数据集上实现了超过90%的分类精度,在0º线偏振下使用耶鲁人脸数据库的数据实现了71.38%的重建精度。我们展示了一种偏振分辨成像方法,利用黑色砷磷光电晶体管通过Stokes参数提取和线性偏振度映射来高保真地重建隐藏目标,揭示了传统成像系统不可见的复杂偏振特征。我们的工作建立了一个具有集成偏振成像、计算和通信功能的高性能神经形态视觉系统的基础平台,解决了可扩展的脑启发光电技术的关键挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses reveal the role of the gayal rumen and hindgut microbiome in high-efficiency lignocellulose degradation. 比较宏基因组学和亚转录组学分析揭示了绵羊瘤胃和后肠微生物组在高效降解木质纤维素中的作用。
IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01335-1
Shijia Li, Jiawei Zhang, Lin Han, Ye Yu, Abdallah A Mousa, Weiyun Zhu, Jing Leng, Fei Xie, Shengyong Mao

Background: The gayal (Bos frontalis), a semi-domesticated bovine species, demonstrates exceptional adaptability to lignocellulose-rich diets dominated by bamboo, suggesting the presence of a specialized gastrointestinal microbiome. However, the functional mechanisms underlying this host-microbiome interaction remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of rumen, cecum, and colon digesta from yellow cattle and gayal raised on the same bamboo-based high-fiber diet.

Results: The results showed that gayal exhibited superior fiber-degrading capacity relative to yellow cattle, evidenced by significantly higher (P < 0.05) fiber digestibility, cellulase and xylanase activities, and increased volatile fatty acids production despite identical feed intake. Microbial community analysis revealed distinct composition in both the rumen and hindgut of gayal compared to yellow cattle, with notable enrichment of taxa specialized in lignocellulose degradation. Metatranscriptomic profiling further identified upregulation of key lignin-modification enzymes, particularly AA6, AA2, and AA3, primarily encoded by Prevotella, Cryptobacteroides, Limimorpha, and Ventricola. These enzymes are known to modify lignin structure to increase polysaccharide accessibility. These results demonstrate that gayal hosts a unique and metabolically active gastrointestinal microbiome capable of efficient lignocellulose deconstruction through a coordinated enzymatic cascade, especially effective in dismantling lignin barriers.

Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into host-microbiome co-adaptation to fibrous feeds and highlights the potential of gayal-derived microbial consortia and enzymes for improving roughage utilization in ruminant agriculture.

背景:半驯化牛(Bos frontalis)对以竹子为主的富含木质纤维素的饮食表现出特殊的适应性,这表明存在一种特殊的胃肠道微生物群。然而,这种宿主-微生物相互作用的功能机制仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们进行了综合宏基因组学和宏转录组学分析,分析了饲养相同的竹基高纤维饲料的黄牛和黄牛的瘤胃、盲肠和结肠食糜。结果:结果表明,与黄牛相比,黄牛表现出更强的纤维降解能力,显著高于黄牛(P)。结论:本研究为宿主-微生物组对纤维饲料的共同适应提供了新的见解,并强调了母牛衍生的微生物群落和酶在提高反刍动物农业粗饲料利用率方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Outside Back Cover 外封底
IF 7.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2588-9133(26)00011-6
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引用次数: 0
Piceatannol enhances antioxidant capacity and growth in weaned piglets by regulating of Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and modulating of the related gut microbiota. 皮杉醇通过调节nrf2介导的氧化还原稳态和相关肠道菌群,提高断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力和生长。
IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01320-8
Longlong Zhu, Yuyan Che, Meixia Chen, Long Cai, Qiujue Wu, Tao Feng, Jing Wang

Background: Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale) and certain dark purple fruits, shows excellent antioxidant properties in our previous cell-based high-throughput screening. However, its effect on piglet growth performance and antioxidant capacity as well as underling mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods: One hundred weaned pigs (28 days of age, 8.71 ± 0.20 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate. The experimental diets consisted of: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet + 100 mg/kg PIC, 3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg PIC, and 4) basal diet + 300 mg/kg PIC. On d 15 and 35, one pig from each replicate was selected for sampling. The growth performance was monitored during a 35-day trial. In addition, H2O2-challenged IPEC-J2 cells served as an in vitro model to investigate the antioxidant mechanisms of PIC. IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1,000 μmol/L H2O2 in the presence or absence of 10 μmol/L PIC.

Results: Dietary PIC at 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced growth performance, as evidenced by increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate (P < 0.05). PIC supplementation markedly improved systemic antioxidant capacity, with elevated serum total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, and glutathione levels, along with reduced malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Notably, PIC modulated the gut microbiota composition, increasing the amounts of beneficial genera (e.g., Blautia and Faecalibacterium), and these microbial shifts significantly correlated with improved antioxidant indices. In vitro, PIC pretreatment effectively protected IPEC-J2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, PIC exerts its antioxidant effects through Nrf2 pathway activation, upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05) while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 cleavage (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: PIC improved the growth performance and health status of weaned piglets through the regulation of Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and modulation of the related gut microbiota, offering a potential new natural antioxidants for mitigating weaning stress in piglets.

背景:仔猪对氧化应激非常敏感,氧化应激会降低生长性能并造成肠道损伤。picetanol (PIC)是一种富含中国大黄(Rheum officinale)和某些深紫色水果的天然生物活性物质,在我们之前基于细胞的高通量筛选中显示出优异的抗氧化性能。然而,其对仔猪生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响及其作用机制尚未深入研究。方法:选用28日龄(8.71±0.20 kg)断奶仔猪100头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复5头猪。试验饲粮为:1)基础饲粮,2)基础饲粮+ 100 mg/kg PIC, 3)基础饲粮+ 200 mg/kg PIC, 4)基础饲粮+ 300 mg/kg PIC。在第15天和第35天,每个重复各取1头猪取样。试验35 d,监测生长性能。此外,以h2o2刺激的IPEC-J2细胞作为体外模型,研究PIC的抗氧化机制。在10 μmol/L PIC存在或不存在的情况下,用1000 μmol/L H2O2处理IPEC-J2细胞。结果:饲粮中添加200 mg/kg的PIC可显著提高生长性能,提高平均日增重和饲料转化率(p2o2通过减少活性氧生成和脂质过氧化作用诱导氧化损伤)。PIC通过调节nrf2介导的氧化还原稳态和调节相关肠道菌群,改善断奶仔猪的生长性能和健康状况,为缓解仔猪断奶应激提供了一种潜在的新型天然抗氧化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Monolithic III-V membrane photonic crystal lasers on SOI using selective lateral heteroepitaxy. 基于选择性横向异质外延的单片III-V膜光子晶体激光器。
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02074-8
Cong Zeng,Zhaojie Ren,Zili Lei,Donghui Fu,Yingzhi Zhao,Ying Yu,Yu Han,Siyuan Yu
III-V photonic crystal (PhC) lasers with small footprints and low power consumption are potential ultra-compact and power-efficient light sources for future on-chip optical interconnects. Conventional PhC lasers fabricated by vertical epitaxy require suspended air-bridge structures and air holes etched through the gain medium, severely compromising mechanical resistance to external impacts and pumping efficiency. While bonding and regrowth can mitigate these issues, their fabrication complexity substantially increases process costs and hinders mass production. Here, we address these issues using selective lateral heteroepitaxy and demonstrate monolithically integrated III-V membrane PhC lasers on (001) silicon-on-insulator (SOI). By leveraging selective lateral heteroepitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), we achieved the growth of dislocation-free InP membranes on SOI wafers patterned in Si-photonics foundries. The unique III-V-on-insulator avoids the formation of air-suspended structures and significantly enhances the mechanical stability of the devices. We also precisely positioned the laterally grown InGaAs/InP quantum wells (QWs) at the center of the InP membrane to avoid etching air holes through the gain medium, thus eliminating surface recombination and drastically improving pumping efficiency. We fabricated near-infrared and telecom PhC lasers using laterally grown III-V membranes, and achieved room-temperature lasing at 910 nm and 1430 nm with low thresholds of 17.5 μJ/cm² and 5.7 μJ/cm², respectively. Our results establish a novel approach for fabricating PhC lasers and provide an elegant solution for monolithically integrated PhC lasers in next-generation optical interconnects.
III-V光子晶体(PhC)激光器占地面积小,功耗低,是未来片上光学互连的潜在超紧凑和节能光源。通过垂直外延制造的传统PhC激光器需要悬浮的气桥结构和通过增益介质蚀刻的空气孔,这严重影响了外部冲击的机械阻力和泵浦效率。虽然粘合和再生可以缓解这些问题,但它们的制造复杂性大大增加了工艺成本,阻碍了大规模生产。在这里,我们利用选择性横向异质外延解决了这些问题,并在(001)绝缘体上硅(SOI)上展示了单片集成III-V膜PhC激光器。通过利用选择性横向异质外延和金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD),我们在硅光子学代工厂的SOI晶圆上实现了无位错InP膜的生长。独特的iii - v -on-绝缘子避免了空气悬浮结构的形成,显著提高了设备的机械稳定性。我们还精确地将横向生长的InGaAs/InP量子阱(QWs)定位在InP膜的中心,以避免通过增益介质蚀刻空气孔,从而消除表面复合并大大提高泵浦效率。利用横向生长的III-V薄膜制备了近红外和电信PhC激光器,实现了910 nm和1430 nm的室温激光,低阈值分别为17.5 μJ/cm²和5.7 μJ/cm²。我们的研究结果建立了一种制造PhC激光器的新方法,并为下一代光互连中的单片集成PhC激光器提供了一种优雅的解决方案。
{"title":"Monolithic III-V membrane photonic crystal lasers on SOI using selective lateral heteroepitaxy.","authors":"Cong Zeng,Zhaojie Ren,Zili Lei,Donghui Fu,Yingzhi Zhao,Ying Yu,Yu Han,Siyuan Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02074-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02074-8","url":null,"abstract":"III-V photonic crystal (PhC) lasers with small footprints and low power consumption are potential ultra-compact and power-efficient light sources for future on-chip optical interconnects. Conventional PhC lasers fabricated by vertical epitaxy require suspended air-bridge structures and air holes etched through the gain medium, severely compromising mechanical resistance to external impacts and pumping efficiency. While bonding and regrowth can mitigate these issues, their fabrication complexity substantially increases process costs and hinders mass production. Here, we address these issues using selective lateral heteroepitaxy and demonstrate monolithically integrated III-V membrane PhC lasers on (001) silicon-on-insulator (SOI). By leveraging selective lateral heteroepitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), we achieved the growth of dislocation-free InP membranes on SOI wafers patterned in Si-photonics foundries. The unique III-V-on-insulator avoids the formation of air-suspended structures and significantly enhances the mechanical stability of the devices. We also precisely positioned the laterally grown InGaAs/InP quantum wells (QWs) at the center of the InP membrane to avoid etching air holes through the gain medium, thus eliminating surface recombination and drastically improving pumping efficiency. We fabricated near-infrared and telecom PhC lasers using laterally grown III-V membranes, and achieved room-temperature lasing at 910 nm and 1430 nm with low thresholds of 17.5 μJ/cm² and 5.7 μJ/cm², respectively. Our results establish a novel approach for fabricating PhC lasers and provide an elegant solution for monolithically integrated PhC lasers in next-generation optical interconnects.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"104 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental observation of topological Dirac vortex mode in terahertz photonic crystal fibers. 太赫兹光子晶体光纤拓扑狄拉克涡旋模式的实验观察。
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02197-6
Hongyang Xing,Zhanqiang Xue,Perry Ping Shum,Longqing Cong
Photonic crystal fibers have significantly advanced optoelectronics, enabling a wide range of applications from communications to sensing and imaging. A long-standing challenge in these areas has been achieving pure single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) waveguiding for high-quality information transmission. Traditional approaches, however, inevitably introduce polarization dispersion and operate within a narrow bandwidth. Recent advancements in topological phases offer a promising opportunity to access previously unattainable mode properties, though experimental demonstrations remain scarce. In this work, we present the first experimental observation of a topologically protected photonic Dirac vortex mode that supports pure SPSM propagation in terahertz fibers. Utilizing terahertz scanning near-field microscopic spectroscopy, we map the temporal, spectral, and spatial characteristics of the topological mode, providing insights into its mode profile, dispersion, effective area, and numerical aperture. We demonstrate a single linearly dispersed Dirac vortex mode with a single vortex polarization and a broad 85.7% fractional bandwidth. This breakthrough fills a crucial gap in the development of SPSM fibers and introduces a comprehensive methodology for exploring mode properties, paving the way for advancements in terahertz optoelectronics, topological photonics, and specialty optical fibers.
光子晶体光纤具有显著先进的光电子技术,能够实现从通信到传感和成像的广泛应用。实现高质量信息传输的纯单极化单模(SPSM)波导是这些领域长期存在的挑战。然而,传统的方法不可避免地引入极化色散,并且在窄带宽内工作。拓扑相位的最新进展为获得以前无法获得的模式特性提供了有希望的机会,尽管实验证明仍然很少。在这项工作中,我们首次对拓扑保护光子狄拉克涡旋模式进行了实验观察,该模式支持纯SPSM在太赫兹光纤中传播。利用太赫兹扫描近场显微光谱学,我们绘制了拓扑模式的时间、光谱和空间特征,提供了对其模式轮廓、色散、有效面积和数值孔径的见解。我们证明了一个单线性分散的Dirac涡旋模式,具有单涡旋极化和85.7%的宽分数带宽。这一突破填补了SPSM光纤发展的关键空白,并引入了一种探索模式特性的综合方法,为太赫兹光电子学、拓扑光子学和特种光纤的发展铺平了道路。
{"title":"Experimental observation of topological Dirac vortex mode in terahertz photonic crystal fibers.","authors":"Hongyang Xing,Zhanqiang Xue,Perry Ping Shum,Longqing Cong","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02197-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02197-6","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystal fibers have significantly advanced optoelectronics, enabling a wide range of applications from communications to sensing and imaging. A long-standing challenge in these areas has been achieving pure single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) waveguiding for high-quality information transmission. Traditional approaches, however, inevitably introduce polarization dispersion and operate within a narrow bandwidth. Recent advancements in topological phases offer a promising opportunity to access previously unattainable mode properties, though experimental demonstrations remain scarce. In this work, we present the first experimental observation of a topologically protected photonic Dirac vortex mode that supports pure SPSM propagation in terahertz fibers. Utilizing terahertz scanning near-field microscopic spectroscopy, we map the temporal, spectral, and spatial characteristics of the topological mode, providing insights into its mode profile, dispersion, effective area, and numerical aperture. We demonstrate a single linearly dispersed Dirac vortex mode with a single vortex polarization and a broad 85.7% fractional bandwidth. This breakthrough fills a crucial gap in the development of SPSM fibers and introduces a comprehensive methodology for exploring mode properties, paving the way for advancements in terahertz optoelectronics, topological photonics, and specialty optical fibers.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"43 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the feedback limits of quantum dot lasers for isolator-free photonic integrated circuits. 探索无隔离器光子集成电路中量子点激光器的反馈极限。
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02185-w
Ying Shi,Bozhang Dong,Xiangpeng Ou,Artem Prokoshin,Chen Shang,John E Bowers,Yating Wan
Reflections from on-chip components pose significant challenges to stable laser operation in photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Quantum dot (QD) lasers, with low linewidth enhancement factors and high damping rates, are promising for isolator-free integration, yet earlier feedback studies were capped near -10 dB feedback and never reached coherence collapse (CC). As a result, one could only conclude that QD lasers tolerate feedback up to -10 dB, leaving open whether they remain reliable in practical PICs where lower coupling losses allow much stronger feedback. Here, we optimized QD lasers through advanced epitaxial growth and fabrication and developed a setup that delivers feedback up to 0 dB. Under these conditions, we observed CC at -6.7 dB (21.4% feedback), extending the feedback tolerance by tens of decibels beyond quantum-well (QW) lasers. We further demonstrated penalty-free 10 Gbps operation, robust thermal stability with ±0.5 dB drift across 15-45 °C, >100 h continuous testing, and ~±0.3 dB reproducibility across devices. Modeling indicates even stronger tolerance in realistic PIC cavities, and benchmarking shows our device rivals hybrid DFB-resonator platforms while outperforming other QW, QD, and VCSEL lasers. Together, this work provides the most comprehensive assessment of QD laser feedback tolerance to date and establishes practical design rules for isolator-free PICs.
片上元件的反射对光子集成电路中激光器的稳定工作提出了重大挑战。量子点(QD)激光器具有低线宽增强因子和高阻尼率,有望实现无隔离器集成,但早期的反馈研究仅限于-10 dB反馈,从未达到相干坍缩(CC)。因此,人们只能得出这样的结论:QD激光器可以承受高达-10 dB的反馈,但它们在实际的pic中是否仍然可靠,因为更低的耦合损耗允许更强的反馈。在这里,我们通过先进的外延生长和制造优化了QD激光器,并开发了一种提供高达0 dB反馈的设置。在这些条件下,我们观察到-6.7 dB(21.4%反馈)的CC,比量子阱(QW)激光器的反馈容限延长了数十分贝。我们进一步证明了无损耗的10gbps操作,在15-45°C范围内具有±0.5 dB漂移的强大热稳定性,bbb100 h连续测试,以及~±0.3 dB的器件再现性。建模表明在实际的PIC腔中具有更强的容忍度,基准测试表明我们的器件与混合dfb谐振器平台竞争,同时优于其他QW, QD和VCSEL激光器。总之,这项工作提供了迄今为止最全面的QD激光反馈容差评估,并为无隔离器的PICs建立了实用的设计规则。
{"title":"Exploring the feedback limits of quantum dot lasers for isolator-free photonic integrated circuits.","authors":"Ying Shi,Bozhang Dong,Xiangpeng Ou,Artem Prokoshin,Chen Shang,John E Bowers,Yating Wan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02185-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02185-w","url":null,"abstract":"Reflections from on-chip components pose significant challenges to stable laser operation in photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Quantum dot (QD) lasers, with low linewidth enhancement factors and high damping rates, are promising for isolator-free integration, yet earlier feedback studies were capped near -10 dB feedback and never reached coherence collapse (CC). As a result, one could only conclude that QD lasers tolerate feedback up to -10 dB, leaving open whether they remain reliable in practical PICs where lower coupling losses allow much stronger feedback. Here, we optimized QD lasers through advanced epitaxial growth and fabrication and developed a setup that delivers feedback up to 0 dB. Under these conditions, we observed CC at -6.7 dB (21.4% feedback), extending the feedback tolerance by tens of decibels beyond quantum-well (QW) lasers. We further demonstrated penalty-free 10 Gbps operation, robust thermal stability with ±0.5 dB drift across 15-45 °C, >100 h continuous testing, and ~±0.3 dB reproducibility across devices. Modeling indicates even stronger tolerance in realistic PIC cavities, and benchmarking shows our device rivals hybrid DFB-resonator platforms while outperforming other QW, QD, and VCSEL lasers. Together, this work provides the most comprehensive assessment of QD laser feedback tolerance to date and establishes practical design rules for isolator-free PICs.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"143 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1-MHz linewidth VCSEL enabled by monolithically integrated passive cavity for high-stability chip-scale atomic clocks. 1 mhz线宽VCSEL由单片集成无源腔实现,用于高稳定性芯片级原子钟。
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02192-x
Zhiting Tang,Chuanlin Li,Xuhao Zhang,Wuyang Ren,Kai Shen,Chuang Li,Qingsong Bai,Jin Li,Aobo Ren,Hao Wang,Xiaorong Luo,Hongxing Xu,Jiang Wu
Narrow-linewidth vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are key enablers for chip-scale atomic clocks and quantum sensors, yet conventional designs suffer from short cavity lengths and excess spontaneous emission, resulting in broad linewidths and degraded frequency stability. Here, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated VCSEL operating at the cesium D1 line (894.6 nm) that achieves intrinsic linewidth compression to ~1 MHz, without requiring external optical feedback. This performance is enabled by embedding a passive cavity adjacent to the active region, which spatially redistributes the optical field into a low-loss region, extending photon lifetime while suppressing higher-order transverse and longitudinal modes. The resulting device exhibits robust single-mode operation over a wide current and temperature range, with side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) > 35 dB, orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) > 25 dB and a beam divergence of ~7°. Integrated into a Cesium vapor-cell atomic clock, the VCSEL supports a frequency stability of 1.89 × 10-12 τ-1/2. These results position this VCSEL architecture as a compact, scalable solution for next-generation quantum-enabled frequency references and sensing platforms.
窄线宽垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSELs)是芯片级原子钟和量子传感器的关键推动因素,但传统设计存在腔长短和自发发射过多的问题,导致线宽和频率稳定性下降。在这里,我们展示了一个单片集成的VCSEL,工作在铯D1线(894.6 nm)上,实现了~1 MHz的固有线宽压缩,而不需要外部光反馈。这种性能是通过在有源区域附近嵌入一个无源腔来实现的,该无源腔在空间上将光场重新分配到低损耗区域,在抑制高阶横向和纵向模式的同时延长光子寿命。该器件在较宽的电流和温度范围内具有良好的单模工作性能,侧模抑制比(SMSR)为bbb35 dB,正交极化抑制比(OPSR)为> 25 dB,波束发散度为~7°。集成到铯蒸汽电池原子钟,VCSEL支持1.89 × 10-12 τ-1/2的频率稳定性。这些结果使VCSEL架构成为下一代量子频率参考和传感平台的紧凑,可扩展的解决方案。
{"title":"1-MHz linewidth VCSEL enabled by monolithically integrated passive cavity for high-stability chip-scale atomic clocks.","authors":"Zhiting Tang,Chuanlin Li,Xuhao Zhang,Wuyang Ren,Kai Shen,Chuang Li,Qingsong Bai,Jin Li,Aobo Ren,Hao Wang,Xiaorong Luo,Hongxing Xu,Jiang Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02192-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02192-x","url":null,"abstract":"Narrow-linewidth vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are key enablers for chip-scale atomic clocks and quantum sensors, yet conventional designs suffer from short cavity lengths and excess spontaneous emission, resulting in broad linewidths and degraded frequency stability. Here, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated VCSEL operating at the cesium D1 line (894.6 nm) that achieves intrinsic linewidth compression to ~1 MHz, without requiring external optical feedback. This performance is enabled by embedding a passive cavity adjacent to the active region, which spatially redistributes the optical field into a low-loss region, extending photon lifetime while suppressing higher-order transverse and longitudinal modes. The resulting device exhibits robust single-mode operation over a wide current and temperature range, with side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) > 35 dB, orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) > 25 dB and a beam divergence of ~7°. Integrated into a Cesium vapor-cell atomic clock, the VCSEL supports a frequency stability of 1.89 × 10-12 τ-1/2. These results position this VCSEL architecture as a compact, scalable solution for next-generation quantum-enabled frequency references and sensing platforms.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear nanophotonics for high-dimensional quantum states 高维量子态的非线性纳米光子学
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02179-0
Liat Nemirovsky-Levy, Amit Kam, Meir Lederman, Meir Orenstein, Uzi Pereg, Guy Bartal, Mordechai Segev
Quantum nanophotonics merges the precision of nanoscale light manipulation with the capabilities of quantum technologies, offering a pathway for enhanced light-matter interaction and compact realization of quantum devices. Here, we show how a recently-demonstrated nonlinear nanophotonic process can be employed to selectively create photonic high-dimensional quantum states (qudits). We utilize the nonlinearity on the surface of the nanophotonic device to dress, through the polarization of the pump field, the near-field modes carrying angular momentum and their superpositions. This idea is an important step towards experimental realizations of quantum state generation and manipulation through nonlinearity within nanophotonic platforms, and enables new capabilities for on-chip quantum devices.
量子纳米光子学将纳米级光操纵的精度与量子技术的能力相结合,为增强光-物质相互作用和量子器件的紧凑实现提供了一条途径。在这里,我们展示了最近证明的非线性纳米光子过程如何被用来选择性地创建光子高维量子态(qudits)。我们利用纳米光子器件表面的非线性特性,通过泵浦场的偏振来修饰携带角动量的近场模及其叠加态。这一想法是通过纳米光子平台内的非线性来实现量子态生成和操纵的重要一步,并为片上量子器件提供了新的功能。
{"title":"Nonlinear nanophotonics for high-dimensional quantum states","authors":"Liat Nemirovsky-Levy, Amit Kam, Meir Lederman, Meir Orenstein, Uzi Pereg, Guy Bartal, Mordechai Segev","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02179-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02179-0","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum nanophotonics merges the precision of nanoscale light manipulation with the capabilities of quantum technologies, offering a pathway for enhanced light-matter interaction and compact realization of quantum devices. Here, we show how a recently-demonstrated nonlinear nanophotonic process can be employed to selectively create photonic high-dimensional quantum states (qudits). We utilize the nonlinearity on the surface of the nanophotonic device to dress, through the polarization of the pump field, the near-field modes carrying angular momentum and their superpositions. This idea is an important step towards experimental realizations of quantum state generation and manipulation through nonlinearity within nanophotonic platforms, and enables new capabilities for on-chip quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fourier ptychographic coherence scanning interferometry for 3D morphology of high aspect ratio and composite micro-trenches. 高纵横比复合微沟槽三维形貌的傅里叶平面相干扫描干涉测量。
Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02189-6
Yin Li,Qun Yuan,Xiao Huo,Shumin Wang,Hongtao He,Zhishan Gao
Non-destructive and accurate characterization of high aspect ratio (HAR) and composite micro-trenches is critical for advanced microfabrication but remains a major challenge. Conventional coherence scanning interferometry (CSI), while widely adopted, suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited lateral resolution when applied to HAR and composite microstructures. Here, we present Fourier ptychographic coherence scanning interferometry (FP-CSI), the first transmissive CSI modality that integrates the aperture synthesis strategy of Fourier ptychographic microscopy with the quantitative phase-resolved capability of interferometry. FP-CSI enables robust three-dimensional morphology reconstruction with enhanced SNR and improved lateral resolution, without reliance on iterative phase retrieval. We demonstrate accurate measurements of a HAR micro-trench (300 μm depth, 30:1 aspect ratio) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices (aspect ratios 6:1-20:1). FP-CSI achieves lateral resolution up to the incoherent diffraction limit and maintains this performance even at trench bottoms. Owing to its fidelity, robustness, and non-destructive operation, FP-CSI provides a powerful new metrology platform for next-generation semiconductor inspection, precision manufacturing, and emerging micro-optoelectronic systems.
高纵横比(HAR)和复合材料微沟槽的无损和精确表征是先进微制造的关键,但仍然是主要挑战。传统的相干扫描干涉测量(CSI)虽然被广泛采用,但在用于HAR和复合材料微结构时存在低信噪比(SNR)和横向分辨率有限的问题。在这里,我们提出了傅里叶平面相干扫描干涉术(FP-CSI),这是第一个将傅里叶平面显微术的孔径合成策略与干涉术的定量相位分辨能力相结合的透射CSI模式。FP-CSI可以实现鲁棒的三维形态重建,具有增强的信噪比和提高的横向分辨率,而不依赖于迭代相位检索。我们展示了HAR微沟(300 μm深度,30:1长宽比)和微机电系统(MEMS)器件(6:1-20:1长宽比)的精确测量。FP-CSI可以达到非相干衍射极限的横向分辨率,即使在海沟底部也能保持这种性能。由于其保真度,坚固性和非破坏性操作,FP-CSI为下一代半导体检测,精密制造和新兴的微光电系统提供了强大的新计量平台。
{"title":"Fourier ptychographic coherence scanning interferometry for 3D morphology of high aspect ratio and composite micro-trenches.","authors":"Yin Li,Qun Yuan,Xiao Huo,Shumin Wang,Hongtao He,Zhishan Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02189-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02189-6","url":null,"abstract":"Non-destructive and accurate characterization of high aspect ratio (HAR) and composite micro-trenches is critical for advanced microfabrication but remains a major challenge. Conventional coherence scanning interferometry (CSI), while widely adopted, suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited lateral resolution when applied to HAR and composite microstructures. Here, we present Fourier ptychographic coherence scanning interferometry (FP-CSI), the first transmissive CSI modality that integrates the aperture synthesis strategy of Fourier ptychographic microscopy with the quantitative phase-resolved capability of interferometry. FP-CSI enables robust three-dimensional morphology reconstruction with enhanced SNR and improved lateral resolution, without reliance on iterative phase retrieval. We demonstrate accurate measurements of a HAR micro-trench (300 μm depth, 30:1 aspect ratio) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices (aspect ratios 6:1-20:1). FP-CSI achieves lateral resolution up to the incoherent diffraction limit and maintains this performance even at trench bottoms. Owing to its fidelity, robustness, and non-destructive operation, FP-CSI provides a powerful new metrology platform for next-generation semiconductor inspection, precision manufacturing, and emerging micro-optoelectronic systems.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"71 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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