理学最新文献

Neuromorphic computing vision is the most promising technological solution to overcome the arithmetic bottleneck in machine vision applications. All-in-one neuromorphic sensors have been attracting increased attention because they can integrate visual perception, processing, and memory functionalities into one single device. However, the limited responsivity and data retention time of all-in-one neuromorphic sensors usually hinder their potential in multispectral machine vision, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) band which contains critical information for pattern recognition. Here, we demonstrate physisorption-assistant optoelectronic synaptic transistors based on Ta₂NiSe₅/SnS₂ heterojunction, which present tunable synaptic functionality in broadband (375–1310 nm). We propose a strategy about the physisorption-assistant persistent photoconductivity (PAPPC) effect to effectively solve the problem in detecting and storing the NIR light information. Under this strategy, the responsivity and data retention time of our devices were significantly enhanced and prolonged in broadband from 375 to 1310 nm. Further, the devices realize multilevel non-volatile optoelectronic memory through the modulation of several optical and back-gate signals to simulate emotion-controlled learning and memory processes, optical writing-electric erasing, and associative learning. Moreover, we developed a simplified human visual system to simulate color-cognitive perception and memory functions. Our approach offers a route for creating advanced all-in-one neuromorphic sensors and developing neuromorphic computing vision.

Beam shaping in nanophotonic systems remains a challenge due to the reliance on complex heuristic optimization procedures. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to topological beam shaping using Jackiw-Rebbi states in metasurfaces. By fabricating thin-film dielectric structures with engineered Dirac-mass distributions, we create domain walls that allow precise control over beam profiles. We observe the emergence of Jackiw-Rebbi states and confirm their localized characteristics. Notably, we achieve a flat-top beam profile by carefully tailoring the Dirac-mass distribution, highlighting the potential of this method for customized beam shaping. This experimental realization establishes our approach as a new mechanism for beam control, rooted in topological physics, and offers an efficient strategy for nanophotonic design.

Liquid lens offers a novel approach to achieving large depth of field, wide viewing angle, high speed, and high-quality imaging in zoom optical systems. However, the aperture and reliability limit the lens’s performance in various optical applications. The liquid material is crucial for the reliability of the large-aperture liquid lens. To solve the dielectric failure problem associated with the large aperture, we first reveal the mechanism of dielectric failure based on the transport properties of electrolyte solutions and the impact of electrochemical reaction rates from physical chemistry so as to propose a theoretical method to suppress dielectric failure fundamentally. Based on this theory, we develop a series of non-aqueous organic solutions to suppress high-voltage dielectric failure. Next, we identify the optimal formulation for comprehensive optical performance and fabricate a centimeter-level large-aperture electrowetting liquid lens. This lens features an optical power variation range of −11.98 m⁻¹ to 12.93 m⁻¹, with clear and high-quality imaging function, which can enlarge the field of view and depth adjustment range of holographic reconstructions while maintaining excellent edge clarity of the reconstructed images. The proposed centimeter-level large-aperture non-aqueous electrowetting liquid lens effectively suppresses dielectric failure under high voltage, demonstrates excellent optical performance, and holds exciting potential for applications in 3D display, precision measurement, biomedical observation, and more.

Airborne optical imaging can flexibly obtain the intuitive information of the observed scene from the air, which plays an important role of modern optical remote sensing technology. Higher resolution, longer imaging distance, and broader coverage are the unwavering pursuits in this research field. Nevertheless, the imaging environment during aerial flights brings about multi-source dynamic interferences such as temperature, air pressure, and complex movements, which forms a serious contradiction with the requirements of precision and relative staticity in optical imaging. As the birthplace of Chinese optical industry, the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP) has conducted the research on airborne optical imaging for decades, resulting in rich innovative achievements, completed research conditions, and exploring a feasible development path. This article provides an overview of the innovative work of CIOMP in the field of airborne optical imaging, sorts out the milestone nodes, and predicts the future development direction of this discipline, with the aim of providing inspiration for related research.

Vacuum-deposited perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have demonstrated significant potential for high-color-gamut active-matrix displays. Despite the rapid advance of green PeLEDs, red ones remain a considerable challenge because of the inferior photophysical properties of vacuum-deposited red-light-emitting materials. Here, a rationally designed fluorine-modified phosphine oxide additive was introduced to in-situ passivate vacuum-deposited perovskites. The highly polar 2-F-TPPO incorporated perovskite films demonstrated enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), suppressed defects, and improved crystallinity. When implemented as active layers in PeLEDs, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.6% with an emission wavelength of 640 nm is achieved, which was 6 times higher compared to the previously reported most efficient vacuum-deposited red PeLEDs (EQE below 2%). Our findings lay the foundations for the further exploration of high-performance vacuum-deposited PeLEDs toward full-color perovskite displays.

The fundamental trade-off between spatial resolution and imaging distance poses a significant challenge for current imaging techniques, such as those used in modern biomedical diagnosis and remote sensing. Here, we introduce a new conceptual method for imaging dynamic amplitude-phase-mixed objects, termed relay-projection microscopic telescopy (rPMT), which fundamentally challenges conventional light collection techniques by employing non-line-of-sight light collection through square-law relay-projection mechanisms. We successfully resolved tiny features measuring 2.76 μm, 22.10 μm, and 35.08 μm for objects positioned at distances of 1019.0 mm, 26.4 m, and 96.0 m, respectively, from single-shot spatial power spectrum images captured on the relay screen; these results demonstrate that the resolution capabilities of rPMT significantly surpass the Abbe diffraction limit of the 25 mm-aperture camera lens at the respective distances, achieving resolution improvement factors of 7.9, 25.4, and 58.2. The rPMT exhibits long-distance, wide-range, high-resolution imaging capabilities that exceed the diffraction limit of the camera lens and the focusing range limit, even when the objects are obscured by a scattering medium. The rPMT enables telescopic imaging from centimeters to beyond hundreds of meters with micrometer-scale resolution using simple devices, including a laser diode, a portable camera, and a diffusely reflecting whiteboard. Unlike contemporary high-resolution imaging techniques, our method does not require labeling reagents, wavefront modulation, synthetic receive aperture, or ptychography scanning, which significantly reduce the complexity of the imaging system and enhance the application practicality. This method holds particular promise for in-vivo label-free dynamic biomedical microscopic imaging diagnosis and remote surveillance of small objects.

Recent conceptual demonstrations of direct photocurrent readout of light vortices have enabled the development of light orbital angular momentum-sensitive focal plane arrays and on-chip integration of orbital angular momentum detection. However, known orbital angular momentum-sensitive materials are limited to two topological Weyl Semimetals belonging to the C_2v point group, namely, WTe₂ and TaIrTe₄. Both are fragile under ambient conditions and challenging for large-scale epitaxial growth. In this work, we demonstrate that multilayer graphene, which is complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible and epitaxially growable at the wafer scale, is applicable for orbital angular momentum detection in the mid-infrared region. Using a multilayer graphene photodetector with a designed U-shaped electrode geometry, we demonstrate that the topological charge of orbital angular momentum can be detected directly through the orbital photogalvanic effect and that the orbital angular momentum recognition capability of multilayer graphene is an order of magnitude greater than that of TaIrTe₄. We found that the detection capability of multilayer graphene is enabled by the enhanced orbital photogalvanic effect response due to the reduced dimensionality and scattering rate. Our work opens a new technical route to improve orbital angular momentum recognition capability and is immediately applicable for large-scale integration of ambient stable, mid-infrared direct orbital angular momentum photodetection devices.

Measuring fluctuations in matter’s low-energy excitations is the key to unveiling the nature of the non-equilibrium response of materials. A promising outlook in this respect is offered by spectroscopic methods that address matter fluctuations by exploiting the statistical nature of light-matter interactions with weak few-photon probes. Here we report the first implementation of ultrafast phase randomized tomography, combining pump-probe experiments with quantum optical state tomography, to measure the ultrafast non-equilibrium dynamics in complex materials. Our approach utilizes a time-resolved multimode heterodyne detection scheme with phase-randomized coherent ultrashort laser pulses, overcoming the limitations of phase-stable configurations and enabling a robust reconstruction of the statistical distribution of phase-averaged optical observables. This methodology is validated by measuring the coherent phonon response in α-quartz. By tracking the dynamics of the shot-noise limited photon number distribution of few-photon probes with ultrafast resolution, our results set an upper limit to the non-classical features of phononic state in α-quartz and provide a pathway to access non-equilibrium quantum fluctuations in more complex quantum materials.