Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02189-6

Yin Li,Qun Yuan,Xiao Huo,Shumin Wang,Hongtao He,Zhishan Gao

Non-destructive and accurate characterization of high aspect ratio (HAR) and composite micro-trenches is critical for advanced microfabrication but remains a major challenge. Conventional coherence scanning interferometry (CSI), while widely adopted, suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited lateral resolution when applied to HAR and composite microstructures. Here, we present Fourier ptychographic coherence scanning interferometry (FP-CSI), the first transmissive CSI modality that integrates the aperture synthesis strategy of Fourier ptychographic microscopy with the quantitative phase-resolved capability of interferometry. FP-CSI enables robust three-dimensional morphology reconstruction with enhanced SNR and improved lateral resolution, without reliance on iterative phase retrieval. We demonstrate accurate measurements of a HAR micro-trench (300 μm depth, 30:1 aspect ratio) and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices (aspect ratios 6:1-20:1). FP-CSI achieves lateral resolution up to the incoherent diffraction limit and maintains this performance even at trench bottoms. Owing to its fidelity, robustness, and non-destructive operation, FP-CSI provides a powerful new metrology platform for next-generation semiconductor inspection, precision manufacturing, and emerging micro-optoelectronic systems.

高纵横比（HAR）和复合材料微沟槽的无损和精确表征是先进微制造的关键，但仍然是主要挑战。传统的相干扫描干涉测量（CSI）虽然被广泛采用，但在用于HAR和复合材料微结构时存在低信噪比（SNR）和横向分辨率有限的问题。在这里，我们提出了傅里叶平面相干扫描干涉术（FP-CSI），这是第一个将傅里叶平面显微术的孔径合成策略与干涉术的定量相位分辨能力相结合的透射CSI模式。FP-CSI可以实现鲁棒的三维形态重建，具有增强的信噪比和提高的横向分辨率，而不依赖于迭代相位检索。我们展示了HAR微沟（300 μm深度，30:1长宽比）和微机电系统（MEMS）器件（6:1-20:1长宽比）的精确测量。FP-CSI可以达到非相干衍射极限的横向分辨率，即使在海沟底部也能保持这种性能。由于其保真度，坚固性和非破坏性操作，FP-CSI为下一代半导体检测，精密制造和新兴的微光电系统提供了强大的新计量平台。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-channel high-speed functional photoacoustic microscopy with ultra-wide field of view 具有超宽视场的双通道高速功能光声显微镜

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02114-3

Van Tu Nguyen, Carlos Taboada, Jesse Delia, Tri Vu, Luca Menozzi, Soon-Woo Cho, Jing Li, Nishad Jayasundara, Anthony DiSpirito, Junjie Yao

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) systems often face challenges in simultaneously achieving high speed, high resolution, high sensitivity, and a large field of view (FOV). To address this challenge, we have developed dual-channel PAM (DC-PAM) that can expand the FOV without compromising the imaging speed, detection sensitivity, or spatial resolution. DC-PAM has two identical, independent channels of laser excitation and acoustic detection. It exploits two facets of a single hexagon scanner to concurrently steer the dual excitation laser beams and the resultant acoustic waves. DC-PAM achieves an ultra-wide FOV of 22.5 × 24 mm² with a total functional imaging time of ~15 s. Proof-of-concept experiments were conducted using DC-PAM on freely-swimming zebrafish, hypoxia-challenged mice, and sleeping glassfrogs, all of which benefit from the large FOV and high imaging speed to track the dynamic and physiological processes at the whole-organ or whole-body level. These applications demonstrate the potential of DC-PAM for a wide range of biological studies.

光声显微镜（PAM）系统经常面临着同时实现高速、高分辨率、高灵敏度和大视场（FOV）的挑战。为了应对这一挑战，我们开发了双通道PAM (DC-PAM)，可以在不影响成像速度、检测灵敏度或空间分辨率的情况下扩展视场。DC-PAM具有两个相同的、独立的激光激发和声学探测通道。它利用一个六边形扫描仪的两个面来同时引导双激发激光束和所产生的声波。DC-PAM实现了22.5 × 24 mm²的超宽视场，总功能成像时间约为15 s。利用DC-PAM对自由游动的斑马鱼、缺氧小鼠和睡眠中的玻璃蛙进行了概念验证实验，这些动物都受益于大视场和高成像速度，可以在全器官或全身水平上跟踪动态和生理过程。这些应用证明了DC-PAM在广泛的生物学研究中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Spin-canted Mn–Mn coupling in symmetry-broken metal chloride dimer with dual-responsive luminescence and sensing 对称破碎金属氯二聚体中具有双响应发光和传感的自旋倾斜Mn-Mn偶联

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02154-9

Guojun Zhou, Pei Wang, Qiqiong Ren, Nan Zhang, Jin Lv, Yilin Mao, Jianwei Qiao, Xian-Ming Zhang

Magneto-optical coupling provides a powerful alternative to crystal field engineering for modulating Mn2+ luminescence. However, precise control over Mn–Mn coupling is hindered by the complex spin-electron super-exchange interactions. Herein, we report a symmetry-broken Mn(II) chloride dimer, (C10H20O5Mn)(CH3CN)MnCl4, synthesized through a crown-ether-assisted supramolecular strategy. The dimer features a 7-coordinated pentagonal bipyramid and a 4-coordinated tetrahedron linked by a distorted Mn–Cl–Mn bridge (129°), which promotes rare spin-canted Mn–Mn coupling and creates a novel Mn–Mn luminescent center. This center exhibits a red emission at 638 nm with an unusually short lifetime of 0.42 ms, which is attributed to the relaxation of spin-forbidden d–d transitions. Notably, the emission undergoes a 30 nm blue-shift upon heating (5–305 K) due to the thermal suppression of spin-canting, and a 40 nm blue-shift under applied pressure (0–20 MPa) resulting from reduced orbital overlap. This dual-responsive luminescence originates from spin-canted weak ferromagnetism, which induces a rearrangement of energy-levels by separating antibonding orbitals. Using this effect, we have demonstrated an optical manometer for real-time underwater depth sensing. These findings highlight spin-canted Mn(II) dimers as a promising platform for stimuli-responsive luminescence and reveal a new mechanism for d–d transition modulation.

磁光耦合为调制Mn2+发光提供了一个强大的替代晶体场工程。然而，复杂的自旋电子超交换相互作用阻碍了对Mn-Mn耦合的精确控制。本文报道了一种对称破缺的Mn（II）氯二聚体（C10H20O5Mn）（CH3CN）MnCl4，通过冠醚辅助超分子策略合成。该二聚体具有7协调的五边形双棱锥和4协调的四面体，由扭曲的Mn-Cl-Mn桥（129°）连接，促进了罕见的自旋倾斜Mn-Mn偶联，并形成了一种新的Mn-Mn发光中心。该中心在638 nm处表现出红色发射，其寿命异常短，仅为0.42 ms，这是由于自旋禁止的d-d跃迁的弛豫。值得注意的是，在加热（5-305 K）时，由于自旋倾斜的热抑制，发射发生了30 nm的蓝移，在施加压力（0-20 MPa）下，由于轨道重叠减少，发射发生了40 nm的蓝移。这种双响应发光源于自旋倾斜的弱铁磁性，它通过分离反键轨道引起能级重排。利用这种效应，我们展示了一种用于实时水下深度传感的光学压力计。这些发现突出了自旋倾斜的Mn（II）二聚体作为一个有希望的刺激响应发光平台，并揭示了d-d跃迁调制的新机制。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh-radiance TTA-based OLED with 13 kA cm−2 current injection 具有13 kA cm−2电流注入的超高亮度ta基OLED

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02134-z

Jichen Zhao, Yu Mao, Wansheng Liu, Zengyi Peng, Xu Wang, Jianhua Zou, Jianbin Wang, Dan Chen, Dongge Ma, Hongbin Wu, Bin Hu, Junbiao Peng

Organic semiconductors have been widely utilized in displays, solar cells, detectors, and other fields due to their tunable optoelectronic properties and simple fabrication processes. However, fabricating organic electrically pumped lasers remains an unresolved challenge. The low mobility of organic molecules struggles to sustain the current injection required for electrically pumped lasing, and the free carriers and triplets generated under high current density also quench the gain characteristics. In device fabrication, high-conductivity electrodes and resonant cavities are inevitably accompanied by optical losses, which decrease the quality factor of the resonator and further elevate the threshold current density for electrical pumping. Here, we fabricated an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) characteristics and excellent electrical performance, capable of injecting a current density of 13 kA cm − 2 under 15-ns electrical pulse driving. By leveraging short-pulse driving to mitigate triplet accumulation and utilizing the TTA effect to suppress singlet-triplet annihilation (STA), the device can still remain nearly 1% external quantum efficiency (EQE) with 1 kA cm − 2 current injection and achieved a record-high output power of 56 W cm − 2 , which can sustain population inversion. The OLED was integrated into a high-quality distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) microcavity with ultrathin electrodes, realizing narrow-band light emission with a spectral linewidth of 5.5 nm under 13 kA cm − 2 current injection. This work paves the way for future fabrication of organic electrically pumped lasers with gain characteristics.

有机半导体由于其可调谐的光电特性和简单的制造工艺，在显示器、太阳能电池、探测器等领域得到了广泛的应用。然而，制造有机电泵浦激光器仍然是一个未解决的挑战。有机分子的低迁移率难以维持电泵浦激光所需的电流注入，并且在高电流密度下产生的自由载流子和三重态也淬灭了增益特性。在器件制造中，高导电性电极和谐振腔不可避免地伴随着光损耗，这降低了谐振腔的质量因子，进一步提高了电泵浦的阈值电流密度。在这里，我们制作了一个具有三重湮灭（TTA）特性和优异电性能的有机发光二极管（OLED），能够在15-ns电脉冲驱动下注入13 kA cm−2的电流密度。通过利用短脉冲驱动来减轻三重态积累，利用TTA效应来抑制单重态-三重态湮灭（STA），该器件在注入1 kA cm−2电流的情况下仍能保持近1%的外量子效率（EQE），并实现了创纪录的56 W cm−2的高输出功率，可以维持种群反转。将OLED集成到具有超薄电极的高质量分布式Bragg反射器（DBR）微腔中，在13 kA cm−2电流注入下实现了谱线宽度为5.5 nm的窄带发光。这项工作为未来制造具有增益特性的有机电泵激光器铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Sequence-based genome-wide association study reveals genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying feed efficiency-related traits in beef cattle. 基于序列的全基因组关联研究揭示了肉牛饲料效率相关性状的遗传和代谢机制。

IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01341-3

Leonardo M Arikawa, Lucio F M Mota, Larissa F S Fonseca, Gerardo A Fernandes Júnior, Bruna M Salatta, Gabriela B Frezarim, Patricia I Schmidt, Sindy L C Nasner, Julia P S Valente, Amalia M Pelaez, Roberta C Canesin, Josineudson A Ii V Silva, Maria Eugênia Z Mercadante, Lucia G Albuquerque

Background: Efficiency is characterized by maximum productivity with lower inputs and minimal waste, resulting in greater output with the same or even fewer resources. In livestock, more efficient animals in converting food into protein may improve the economic efficiency of production systems, as feed costs represent a significant expense in beef production. Thus, the present study aimed to use imputed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in order to identify genomic regions and potential candidate genes involved in the biological processes and metabolic pathways associated with feed efficiency-related traits (RFI: residual feed intake, DMI: dry matter intake, FE: feed efficiency, FC: feed conversion, and RWG: residual weight gain) in Nellore cattle.

Results: The GWAS identified significant SNPs associated with feed efficiency traits in Nellore cattle. A total of 42 SNPs were detected for RFI, 10 for DMI, 99 for FC, 15 for FE, and 3 for RWG, distributed in different autosomes. Annotation analysis identified several candidate genes, and the prioritization highlighted 21, 9, 68, 23, and 8 key genes for RFI, DMI, FC, FE, and RWG, respectively. The prioritized candidate genes are involved in muscle development, lipid metabolism, response to oxidative stress, nutrient metabolism, neurotransmission, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, enrichment analysis indicated that these genes act in several signaling pathways related to signal transduction, the nervous system, the endocrine system, energy metabolism, the digestive system, and nutrient metabolism.

Conclusion: The use of imputed WGS data in GWAS analyses enabled the broad identification of regions and candidate genes throughout the genome that regulate expression of feed efficiency-related traits in Nellore cattle. Our results provide new perspectives into the molecular mechanisms underlying feed efficiency in Nellore cattle, offering a genetic basis to guide the breeding of efficient animals, thereby optimizing resource utilization and the profitability of production systems.

背景：效率的特点是以更少的投入和最小的浪费获得最大的生产率，从而以相同或更少的资源获得更大的产出。在牲畜方面，更有效地将食物转化为蛋白质可以提高生产系统的经济效率，因为饲料成本在牛肉生产中占很大比例。因此，本研究旨在利用输入全基因组测序（WGS）数据进行全基因组关联研究（GWAS），以确定与Nellore牛饲料效率相关性状（RFI：剩余采食量、DMI：干物质采食量、FE：饲料效率、FC：饲料转化率和RWG：剩余增重）相关的生物过程和代谢途径相关的基因组区域和潜在候选基因。结果：GWAS鉴定出与Nellore牛饲料效率性状相关的显著snp。RFI共有42个snp， DMI 10个，FC 99个，FE 15个，RWG 3个，分布在不同的常染色体中。注释分析确定了几个候选基因，优先级分别突出了RFI、DMI、FC、FE和RWG的21、9、68、23和8个关键基因。优先考虑的候选基因涉及肌肉发育、脂质代谢、氧化应激反应、营养代谢、神经传递和氧化磷酸化。此外，富集分析表明，这些基因在信号转导、神经系统、内分泌系统、能量代谢、消化系统和营养代谢等多个信号通路中起作用。结论：在GWAS分析中使用输入的WGS数据，可以广泛识别整个基因组中调节Nellore牛饲料效率相关性状表达的区域和候选基因。本研究结果为研究Nellore牛饲料效率的分子机制提供了新的视角，为指导高效动物的育种提供了遗传基础，从而优化资源利用和生产系统的盈利能力。

{"title":"Sequence-based genome-wide association study reveals genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying feed efficiency-related traits in beef cattle.","authors":"Leonardo M Arikawa, Lucio F M Mota, Larissa F S Fonseca, Gerardo A Fernandes Júnior, Bruna M Salatta, Gabriela B Frezarim, Patricia I Schmidt, Sindy L C Nasner, Julia P S Valente, Amalia M Pelaez, Roberta C Canesin, Josineudson A Ii V Silva, Maria Eugênia Z Mercadante, Lucia G Albuquerque","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01341-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01341-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Efficiency is characterized by maximum productivity with lower inputs and minimal waste, resulting in greater output with the same or even fewer resources. In livestock, more efficient animals in converting food into protein may improve the economic efficiency of production systems, as feed costs represent a significant expense in beef production. Thus, the present study aimed to use imputed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in order to identify genomic regions and potential candidate genes involved in the biological processes and metabolic pathways associated with feed efficiency-related traits (RFI: residual feed intake, DMI: dry matter intake, FE: feed efficiency, FC: feed conversion, and RWG: residual weight gain) in Nellore cattle.Results: The GWAS identified significant SNPs associated with feed efficiency traits in Nellore cattle. A total of 42 SNPs were detected for RFI, 10 for DMI, 99 for FC, 15 for FE, and 3 for RWG, distributed in different autosomes. Annotation analysis identified several candidate genes, and the prioritization highlighted 21, 9, 68, 23, and 8 key genes for RFI, DMI, FC, FE, and RWG, respectively. The prioritized candidate genes are involved in muscle development, lipid metabolism, response to oxidative stress, nutrient metabolism, neurotransmission, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, enrichment analysis indicated that these genes act in several signaling pathways related to signal transduction, the nervous system, the endocrine system, energy metabolism, the digestive system, and nutrient metabolism.Conclusion: The use of imputed WGS data in GWAS analyses enabled the broad identification of regions and candidate genes throughout the genome that regulate expression of feed efficiency-related traits in Nellore cattle. Our results provide new perspectives into the molecular mechanisms underlying feed efficiency in Nellore cattle, offering a genetic basis to guide the breeding of efficient animals, thereby optimizing resource utilization and the profitability of production systems.","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12837112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146068948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A monolithic microcavity laser with simultaneous upconversion and frequency-doubled lasing via crystal-in-glass engineering. 利用玻璃晶体技术实现上变频和倍频激光同步的单片微腔激光器。

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02162-9

Shengda Ye,Jianhao Chen,Jiayue He,Weiwei Chen,Xiongjian Huang,Xiaofeng Liu,Jianrong Qiu,Zhongmin Yang,Guoping Dong

This work demonstrates a novel crystal-in-glass composite structure for multifunctional micro-nano light sources in integrated photonics. Based on a Er3+/Yb3+-codoped glass-ceramic (GC) whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity incorporating Ba2TiGe2O8 (BTG) crystals, this microcavity enables dual-mode responses combining upconversion (UC) and frequency-doubled lasing. Made from a low-phonon-energy germanate glass matrix codoped with Er3+/Yb3+ for UC gain, the microcavity is crystallized to form BTG microcrystals for second harmonic generation (SHG). By leveraging the high-quality factor (Q ≈ 5.7 × 104) and small mode volume, we achieve green (550 nm) and red (660 nm) UC lasing in a 30-μm-diameter microcavity with low thresholds of 13.31 μW and 12.97 μW, respectively. Benefitted from the random quasi-phase-matching (RQPM) mechanism in BTG GC, the microcavity also demonstrates an ultrabroadband frequency-doubling response from 900 to 1200 nm. By combining tapered fiber near-field coupling and femtosecond free-space pumping, we achieve simultaneous output of green/red UC lasing and frequency-doubled lasing within a single microcavity. We believe this work offers insights into hybrid material design and cooperative optical field manipulation for tunable lasers and on-chip nonlinear photonic systems.

本研究展示了一种用于集成光子学中多功能微纳光源的新型玻璃晶体复合结构。该微腔基于含Ba2TiGe2O8 （BTG）晶体的Er3+/Yb3+共掺玻璃陶瓷（GC）窃窃廊模式（WGM）微腔，实现了结合上转换（UC）和倍频激光的双模响应。该微腔由低声子能量锗酸盐玻璃基体与Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂以获得UC增益，形成二次谐波产生（SHG）的BTG微晶。利用高质量因子（Q≈5.7 × 104）和小模体积，我们在直径为30 μm的微腔中实现了绿色（550 nm）和红色（660 nm）的UC激光，阈值分别为13.31 μW和12.97 μW。得益于BTG GC中的随机准相位匹配（RQPM）机制，该微腔在900 ~ 1200nm范围内表现出超宽带倍频响应。通过结合锥形光纤近场耦合和飞秒自由空间泵浦，我们实现了在单个微腔内同时输出绿/红UC激光和倍频激光。我们相信这项工作为可调谐激光器和片上非线性光子系统的混合材料设计和协同光场操纵提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid antimony halide scintillators for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging 用于实时动态和三维x射线成像的高发光有机-无机杂化卤化锑闪烁体

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02152-x

Haixia Cui, Wanjiao Li, Qianxi Li, Shaolong Wang, Mingye Zhu, Yongjing Deng, Shujuan Liu, Qiang Zhao

Real-time dynamic and three-dimensional (3D) X-ray imaging are the most challenging types of X-ray imaging technology, placing more rigorous standards on scintillators. Lead-based (Pb 2+ ) organic-inorganic hybrid halide (OIHH) scintillators with high X-ray absorption coefficients have been demonstrated to exhibit excellent scintillation performance. However, their toxicity and instability hindered further development, and it is necessary to explore novel low-toxic metal-based OIHHs possessing excellent scintillation performance. Antimony-based (Sb 3+ ) OIHHs are not only environmentally friendly, but also show good stability compared to Pb 2+ -based OIHHs, which make them promising candidates as excellent scintillators. Currently, the understanding of Sb 3+ -based OIHH scintillators for X-ray detection and imaging is still in infancy and requires further exploration. Herein, we designed two Sb 3+ -based OIHH crystals of (BPP) 2 SbCl 5 (CP1) and (BPP) 2 SbCl 5 0.5 H 2 O (CP2), which have very similar crystal structures except the introduction of water molecules in CP2. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that CP2 has larger lattice distortion and smaller freedom of motion, which can promote the self-trapped excitons emissions. A flexible scintillator screen based on CP2 crystals was prepared and applied for real-time dynamic and 3D X-ray imaging, which is the first time for Sb 3+ -based OIHH scintillators and significantly broadens the potential of Sb 3+ -based OIHH scintillators.

实时动态和三维（3D） x射线成像是最具挑战性的x射线成像技术，对闪烁体提出了更严格的标准。铅基（pb2 +）有机-无机杂化卤化物（OIHH）闪烁体具有很高的x射线吸收系数，具有优异的闪烁性能。然而，它们的毒性和不稳定性阻碍了它们的进一步发展，因此有必要探索具有良好闪烁性能的新型低毒金属基oihs。与pb2 +基OIHHs相比，锑基（sb3 +） OIHHs不仅对环境友好，而且具有良好的稳定性，这使其成为极好的闪烁体。目前，对基于sb3 +的OIHH闪烁体用于x射线探测和成像的了解仍处于起步阶段，需要进一步探索。本文设计了（BPP） 2 SbCl 5 （CP1）和（BPP） 2 SbCl 5 0.5 h2o （CP2）两种基于sb3 +的OIHH晶体，除了CP2中引入了水分子外，它们的晶体结构非常相似。实验和理论结果表明，CP2具有较大的晶格畸变和较小的运动自由度，可以促进自俘获激子的发射。制备了一种基于CP2晶体的柔性闪烁体屏，并将其应用于实时动态和三维x射线成像，这是基于sb3 +的OIHH闪烁体的首次应用，大大拓宽了基于sb3 +的OIHH闪烁体的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Sensitizing effect of lanthanide luminescence by Mo4+/Ag+ in double perovskites: great enhancement of near-infrared emission via wide range of excitation (250–850 nm) 双钙钛矿中Mo4+/Ag+对镧系发光的增敏效应：宽激发范围（250 ~ 850 nm）对近红外发射的显著增强

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02159-4

Yingsheng Wang, Peipei Dang, Zixun Zeng, Dongjie Liu, Guodong Zhang, Long Tian, Kai Li, Ping’an Ma, Yi Wei, Hongzhou Lian, Zhiyao Hou, Guogang Li, Jun Lin

Lead-free halide double perovskites (LFHDPs) have gained prominence as eco-friendly optoelectronic materials due to their structural stability and flexible tunability. Lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) ions have rich energy levels, which can endow LFHDP materials with emissions ranging from visible to near-infrared (NIR) region through the ion doping strategy. However, their NIR applications remain limited by narrowband emission and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to weak absorption cross-section. Herein, Cs 2 NaInCl 6 :Ln 3+ were successfully synthesized, and the problem of low absorption of Ln 3+ ions is effectively solved. Incorporating Mo 4+ /Ag + ions achieves a near-unity PLQY and expands the excitation spectrum across the full visible range and a small part of NIR region (250–850 nm). Mechanism analysis revealed synergistic energy transfer pathways involving self-trapping excitons and intermediate energy states of Mo 4+ ion, enhancing both photon absorption and PLQY. The universal applicability of this approach has been validated across Bi-based and multiple lanthanide ions (Ln: Ho, Er, Tm, Yb). These optimized materials demonstrate exceptional broadband emission characteristics suitable for multi-scenario NIR applications, including light-emitting-diodes (LEDs), night vision, imaging, anti-counterfeiting technologies. This co-doping methodology establishes a versatile framework for overcoming inherent limitations in Ln 3+ -activated materials, offering new possibilities for efficient NIR optoelectronic devices.

无铅卤化物双钙钛矿（lfhdp）由于其结构稳定性和柔性可调性而成为生态友好型光电材料。镧系（ln3 +）离子具有丰富的能级，可以通过离子掺杂策略赋予LFHDP材料从可见光到近红外（NIR）区域的发射。然而，它们的近红外应用仍然受到窄带发射和弱吸收截面导致的低光致发光量子产率（PLQY）的限制。本文成功地合成了c2naincl6: ln3 +，有效地解决了ln3 +离子的低吸收问题。加入mo4 + /Ag +离子实现了接近统一的PLQY，并扩展了整个可见光范围和一小部分近红外区域（250-850 nm）的激发光谱。机理分析揭示了mo4 +离子自俘获激子和中间能态的协同能量传递途径，增强了光子吸收和PLQY。这种方法的普遍适用性已经在铋基和多种镧系离子（Ln: Ho, Er, Tm, Yb）中得到验证。这些优化的材料具有卓越的宽带发射特性，适用于多场景近红外应用，包括发光二极管（led），夜视，成像，防伪技术。这种共掺杂方法为克服Ln 3+活化材料的固有局限性建立了一个通用的框架，为高效的近红外光电器件提供了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of zearalenone on quorum sensing signaling molecules and its association with the suppression of ruminal microbial fermentation in a RUSITEC system. 玉米赤霉烯酮对RUSITEC系统中群体感应信号分子的影响及其与抑制瘤胃微生物发酵的关系

IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01337-z

Zuo Wang, Tianyi Ma, Jianhua He, Yu Ge, Qianglin Liu, Xinyi Lan, Lei Liu, Fachun Wan, Weijun Shen

Background: Zearalenone (ZEN), a common mycotoxin in ruminant diets, could disturb the rumen ecosystem and impair rumen fermentation. Noticeably, ZEN has been shown to reduce the relative abundances of specific bacterial taxa that potentially possess quorum sensing (QS) functions, which are deemed essential for the microbial interactions and adaptations during rumen fermentation. Nonetheless, whether QS communications participate in the responses of rumen microbial fermentation to ZEN remains unknown. Therefore, the present trial was performed to explore the potential roles of QS during the alterations of rumen microbial fermentation by ZEN through a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system, in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design.

Results: ZEN significantly (P < 0.05) reduced QS signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and tended to (P = 0.051) downregulate QS signal C4-homoserine lactone (HSL). ZEN also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, organic matter disappearance (OMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber disappearance (ADFD) in different manners. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicated significantly (P < 0.05) differential enrichments of a series of bacterial taxa such as Butyrivibrio_sp_X503, Rhizobium daejeonense, Hoylesella buccalis, Ezakiella coagulans, Enterococcus cecorum, Ruminococcus_sp_zg-924, Polystyrenella longa, and Methylacidimicrobium fagopyrum across different treatments. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2 (PICRUSt2) analysis suggested that QS were predicted to be significantly (P < 0.05) affected by ZEN. The metabolomics analysis detected considerable significantly (P < 0.05) differing metabolites and implied that ZEN challenge significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the indole alkaloid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Significant (P < 0.05) interconnections of QS molecules with the differential rumen fermentation traits, differential bacterial taxa, and differential metabolites were exhibited by Spearman analysis.

Conclusions: ZEN negatively affected the QS signals of AI-2 and C4-HSL, which was found to correlate with the fluctuations in specific rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal bacterial populations, and ruminal metabolisms. These interrelationships implied the potential involvement of QS in the reactions of rumen microbiota to ZEN contamination, and probably contributed to the inhibition of rumen fermentation.

背景：玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是反刍动物日粮中常见的真菌毒素，可扰乱瘤胃生态系统，损害瘤胃发酵。值得注意的是，ZEN已被证明可以降低具有群体感应（QS）功能的特定细菌类群的相对丰度，而群体感应被认为是瘤胃发酵过程中微生物相互作用和适应所必需的。然而，QS通讯是否参与瘤胃微生物发酵对ZEN的响应尚不清楚。因此，本试验采用4 × 4拉丁方重复设计，通过瘤胃模拟技术（RUSITEC）系统，探讨QS在ZEN改变瘤胃微生物发酵过程中的潜在作用。结果：ZEN显著(P)影响了AI-2和C4-HSL的QS信号，这与瘤胃特定发酵特性、瘤胃细菌数量和瘤胃代谢的波动有关。这些相互关系暗示QS可能参与了瘤胃微生物群对ZEN污染的反应，并可能与抑制瘤胃发酵有关。

{"title":"Impact of zearalenone on quorum sensing signaling molecules and its association with the suppression of ruminal microbial fermentation in a RUSITEC system.","authors":"Zuo Wang, Tianyi Ma, Jianhua He, Yu Ge, Qianglin Liu, Xinyi Lan, Lei Liu, Fachun Wan, Weijun Shen","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01337-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01337-z","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Zearalenone (ZEN), a common mycotoxin in ruminant diets, could disturb the rumen ecosystem and impair rumen fermentation. Noticeably, ZEN has been shown to reduce the relative abundances of specific bacterial taxa that potentially possess quorum sensing (QS) functions, which are deemed essential for the microbial interactions and adaptations during rumen fermentation. Nonetheless, whether QS communications participate in the responses of rumen microbial fermentation to ZEN remains unknown. Therefore, the present trial was performed to explore the potential roles of QS during the alterations of rumen microbial fermentation by ZEN through a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system, in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design.Results: ZEN significantly (P < 0.05) reduced QS signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and tended to (P = 0.051) downregulate QS signal C4-homoserine lactone (HSL). ZEN also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, organic matter disappearance (OMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber disappearance (ADFD) in different manners. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicated significantly (P < 0.05) differential enrichments of a series of bacterial taxa such as Butyrivibrio_sp_X503, Rhizobium daejeonense, Hoylesella buccalis, Ezakiella coagulans, Enterococcus cecorum, Ruminococcus_sp_zg-924, Polystyrenella longa, and Methylacidimicrobium fagopyrum across different treatments. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2 (PICRUSt2) analysis suggested that QS were predicted to be significantly (P < 0.05) affected by ZEN. The metabolomics analysis detected considerable significantly (P < 0.05) differing metabolites and implied that ZEN challenge significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the indole alkaloid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Significant (P < 0.05) interconnections of QS molecules with the differential rumen fermentation traits, differential bacterial taxa, and differential metabolites were exhibited by Spearman analysis.Conclusions: ZEN negatively affected the QS signals of AI-2 and C4-HSL, which was found to correlate with the fluctuations in specific rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal bacterial populations, and ruminal metabolisms. These interrelationships implied the potential involvement of QS in the reactions of rumen microbiota to ZEN contamination, and probably contributed to the inhibition of rumen fermentation.","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146042227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combination of bacteriophage-probiotics alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating gut microbiome in a chick model of multidrug-resistant Salmonella infection. 在多药耐药沙门氏菌感染鸡模型中，噬菌体-益生菌联合应用可通过调节肠道微生物群来缓解肠道屏障功能障碍。

IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01324-4

Youbin Choi, Anna Kang, Eunsol Seo, Daniel Junpyo Lee, Junha Park, Yeonsoo Kim, Keesun Yu, Cheol-Heui Yun, Ki Beom Jang, Woo Kyun Kim, Kwanseob Shim, Darae Kang, Younghoon Kim

Background: The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages (SLAM_phiST45 and SLAM_phiST56) and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri (SLAM_LAR11) in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.

Results: Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks, comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment. In contrast with phage-only treatment, the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy (P < 0.0001) and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly (P = 0.028) and hepatomegaly (P = 0.011). In the ileum, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) increased significantly (P = 0.044). In the colon, expression of tight-junction genes OCLN (P = 0.014), TJP1 (P < 0.0001), and MUC2 (P = 0.011) was elevated, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced (P = 0.018). These improvements were accompanied, in the cecum, by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.09) and Clostridium (P = 0.16) and a trend toward an increase in Blautia (P = 0.11); additionally, in the ileum, Lactobacillus (P = 0.037) and Blautia (P = 0.016) increased significantly, yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment. Consistently, levels of functional metabolites, including acetic acid (LDA = 3.32) and lactic acid (LDA = 5.29), were increased.

Conclusion: Taken together, these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health, highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.

背景：家禽中耐多药沙门氏菌的迅速出现需要传统抗生素之外的替代控制策略。在这项研究中，我们评估了感染沙门氏菌的溶菌噬菌体（SLAM_phiST45和SLAM_phiST56）和益生菌罗伊氏乳酸杆菌（SLAM_LAR11）在感染肠沙门氏菌血清型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的鸡模型中的组合。结果：与双噬菌体鸡尾酒和益生菌共同给药，可以显著减少沙门氏菌在小鸡肠道和全身器官中的定植，效果与仅噬菌体处理相当。与单纯噬菌体治疗相比，联合治疗显著提高了感染日至尸检的体重变化率(P)。综上所述，这些发现表明噬菌体-益生菌联合使用不仅比单独使用噬菌体更有效地提高了对多药耐药沙门氏菌的清除，而且还促进了肠道健康，突出了其作为改善肠道健康和确保家禽生产系统食品安全的抗生素替代策略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

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