Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01324-4
Youbin Choi, Anna Kang, Eunsol Seo, Daniel Junpyo Lee, Junha Park, Yeonsoo Kim, Keesun Yu, Cheol-Heui Yun, Ki Beom Jang, Woo Kyun Kim, Kwanseob Shim, Darae Kang, Younghoon Kim
Background: The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages (SLAM_phiST45 and SLAM_phiST56) and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri (SLAM_LAR11) in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.
Results: Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks, comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment. In contrast with phage-only treatment, the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy (P < 0.0001) and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly (P = 0.028) and hepatomegaly (P = 0.011). In the ileum, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) increased significantly (P = 0.044). In the colon, expression of tight-junction genes OCLN (P = 0.014), TJP1 (P < 0.0001), and MUC2 (P = 0.011) was elevated, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced (P = 0.018). These improvements were accompanied, in the cecum, by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.09) and Clostridium (P = 0.16) and a trend toward an increase in Blautia (P = 0.11); additionally, in the ileum, Lactobacillus (P = 0.037) and Blautia (P = 0.016) increased significantly, yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment. Consistently, levels of functional metabolites, including acetic acid (LDA = 3.32) and lactic acid (LDA = 5.29), were increased.
Conclusion: Taken together, these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health, highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.
{"title":"Combination of bacteriophage-probiotics alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating gut microbiome in a chick model of multidrug-resistant Salmonella infection.","authors":"Youbin Choi, Anna Kang, Eunsol Seo, Daniel Junpyo Lee, Junha Park, Yeonsoo Kim, Keesun Yu, Cheol-Heui Yun, Ki Beom Jang, Woo Kyun Kim, Kwanseob Shim, Darae Kang, Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01324-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01324-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages (SLAM_phiST45 and SLAM_phiST56) and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri (SLAM_LAR11) in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks, comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment. In contrast with phage-only treatment, the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy (P < 0.0001) and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly (P = 0.028) and hepatomegaly (P = 0.011). In the ileum, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) increased significantly (P = 0.044). In the colon, expression of tight-junction genes OCLN (P = 0.014), TJP1 (P < 0.0001), and MUC2 (P = 0.011) was elevated, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced (P = 0.018). These improvements were accompanied, in the cecum, by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.09) and Clostridium (P = 0.16) and a trend toward an increase in Blautia (P = 0.11); additionally, in the ileum, Lactobacillus (P = 0.037) and Blautia (P = 0.016) increased significantly, yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment. Consistently, levels of functional metabolites, including acetic acid (LDA = 3.32) and lactic acid (LDA = 5.29), were increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health, highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entanglement-assisted quantum communication has substantial advantages in surpassing the power of classical communication by utilizing the entangled state. Up to now, most of entanglement-assisted quantum communications with dense coding are limited to the proof-of-principle experiments. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication based on the continuous-variable (CV) entangled state over 20 km commercial fiber channels. We propose a new CV dense coding scheme with improved classical signals and show that the transmission distance of CV entanglement-assisted quantum communication can be extended compared with that using fixed classical signals. By applying the frequency division multiplexing technique, we simultaneously decode 10 classical signals submerged in the shot noise of coherent state with the help of CV entangled state after the transmission through a 20.121 km fiber channel. The results show that around 3 times of channel capacity in classical communication with coherent state are achieved in the CV entanglement-assisted communication with the frequency division multiplexing technique. Our result takes a crucial step towards realizing the deterministic metropolitan entanglement-assisted quantum communication in practical quantum channels.
{"title":"Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20 km fiber channel","authors":"Siyu Ren, Yanru Yan, Yalin Li, Chao Li, Dongmei Han, Xuezhi Zhu, Meihong Wang, Xiaolong Su","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02173-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02173-6","url":null,"abstract":"Entanglement-assisted quantum communication has substantial advantages in surpassing the power of classical communication by utilizing the entangled state. Up to now, most of entanglement-assisted quantum communications with dense coding are limited to the proof-of-principle experiments. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication based on the continuous-variable (CV) entangled state over 20 km commercial fiber channels. We propose a new CV dense coding scheme with improved classical signals and show that the transmission distance of CV entanglement-assisted quantum communication can be extended compared with that using fixed classical signals. By applying the frequency division multiplexing technique, we simultaneously decode 10 classical signals submerged in the shot noise of coherent state with the help of CV entangled state after the transmission through a 20.121 km fiber channel. The results show that around 3 times of channel capacity in classical communication with coherent state are achieved in the CV entanglement-assisted communication with the frequency division multiplexing technique. Our result takes a crucial step towards realizing the deterministic metropolitan entanglement-assisted quantum communication in practical quantum channels.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metasurface-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is essential for high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging in robotic and autonomous systems. Recent advances in inertia-free scanning techniques—such as acousto-optic and spectral scanning—have propelled the field forward. Nevertheless, key spatiotemporal metrics, including point acquisition rate (PAR), field-of-view (FOV), and imaging resolution, remain fundamentally constrained. These challenges are particularly acute in dual-axis LiDARs, where inter-axis rate mismatch and beam astigmatism degrade temporal and spatial resolution, respectively. Here, we present a wide-FOV, high spatiotemporal resolution LiDAR architecture with astigmatic metalens (AML) coordinated spectral-acousto-optic scanning. Consequently, a frame-wise point acquisition rate (FPAR) of 36.6 MHz (∼5-fold improvement over existing reports) and a wide FOV of 102° are simultaneously achieved. This breakthrough redefines LiDAR’s potential for ultra-high-speed, high-precision perception, enhancing applications such as autonomous driving with improved obstacle detection and safety at high speeds.
{"title":"Spectral-acoustic-coordinated astigmatic metalens for wide field-of-view and high spatiotemporal resolution 3D imaging","authors":"Shujian Gong, Yinghui Guo, Xiaoyin Li, Mingbo Pu, Peng Tian, Qi Zhang, Lianwei Chen, Wenyi Ye, Heping Liu, Fei Zhang, Mingfeng Xu, Xiangang Luo","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02180-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02180-7","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurface-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is essential for high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging in robotic and autonomous systems. Recent advances in inertia-free scanning techniques—such as acousto-optic and spectral scanning—have propelled the field forward. Nevertheless, key spatiotemporal metrics, including point acquisition rate (PAR), field-of-view (FOV), and imaging resolution, remain fundamentally constrained. These challenges are particularly acute in dual-axis LiDARs, where inter-axis rate mismatch and beam astigmatism degrade temporal and spatial resolution, respectively. Here, we present a wide-FOV, high spatiotemporal resolution LiDAR architecture with astigmatic metalens (AML) coordinated spectral-acousto-optic scanning. Consequently, a frame-wise point acquisition rate (FPAR) of 36.6 MHz (∼5-fold improvement over existing reports) and a wide FOV of 102° are simultaneously achieved. This breakthrough redefines LiDAR’s potential for ultra-high-speed, high-precision perception, enhancing applications such as autonomous driving with improved obstacle detection and safety at high speeds.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrahigh-Q optical resonances are the cornerstone of next-generation nanophotonic technologies, but their simultaneous realization of robustness and on-chip practicality remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present tetramer composite metasurfaces capable of supporting two distinct classes of ultrahigh-Q resonances: centroid symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BICs) and area-conserved guided-mode resonances (GMRs). By employing a four-hole supercell design, we demonstrate that centering each hole within its subcell preserves C 4v symmetry, thereby enabling SP-BICs. Controlled lateral displacement transforms them into quasi-BICs with Q > 10⁶. Independently, enforcing diagonal-hole area conservation within the super unit cell generates degenerate GMRs with Q > 10⁸, which exhibit remarkable stability across a broad wave vector range. Breaking this area conservation splits the GMRs into paired ultrahigh-Q resonances, while adjusting the center-to-center distance of air holes lifts their degeneracy. Experimentally, we validate both resonance types using silicon photonic crystal slabs, achieving measured Q-factors exceeding 10,000, with a maximum value of 43,700. Such ultrahigh-Q composite-metasurfaces provide a versatile platform of enhancing light-matter interactions.
{"title":"Robust ultrahigh-Q resonances in tetramer metasurfaces through centroid symmetry protection and area conservation","authors":"Chaobiao Zhou, Rong Jin, Haoxuan He, Jing Huang, Guanhai Li, Lujun Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02164-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02164-7","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh-Q optical resonances are the cornerstone of next-generation nanophotonic technologies, but their simultaneous realization of robustness and on-chip practicality remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present tetramer composite metasurfaces capable of supporting two distinct classes of ultrahigh-Q resonances: centroid symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BICs) and area-conserved guided-mode resonances (GMRs). By employing a four-hole supercell design, we demonstrate that centering each hole within its subcell preserves C <jats:sub>4v</jats:sub> symmetry, thereby enabling SP-BICs. Controlled lateral displacement transforms them into quasi-BICs with Q > 10⁶. Independently, enforcing diagonal-hole area conservation within the super unit cell generates degenerate GMRs with Q > 10⁸, which exhibit remarkable stability across a broad wave vector range. Breaking this area conservation splits the GMRs into paired ultrahigh-Q resonances, while adjusting the center-to-center distance of air holes lifts their degeneracy. Experimentally, we validate both resonance types using silicon photonic crystal slabs, achieving measured Q-factors exceeding 10,000, with a maximum value of 43,700. Such ultrahigh-Q composite-metasurfaces provide a versatile platform of enhancing light-matter interactions.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02132-1
Yuji Zhao,Tao Li,Boon Ooi
A high-performance miniaturized on-chip spectral imager operating in the ultraviolet region is demonstrated based on an AlGaN/GaN cascaded photodiode array. This work extends spectral imaging into the ultraviolet regimes by leveraging the mature III-nitride technologies and establishes a scalable pathway toward massive production of compact, high-resolution spectral imagers.
{"title":"III-Nitrides empower miniaturized spectral imager in ultraviolet.","authors":"Yuji Zhao,Tao Li,Boon Ooi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02132-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02132-1","url":null,"abstract":"A high-performance miniaturized on-chip spectral imager operating in the ultraviolet region is demonstrated based on an AlGaN/GaN cascaded photodiode array. This work extends spectral imaging into the ultraviolet regimes by leveraging the mature III-nitride technologies and establishes a scalable pathway toward massive production of compact, high-resolution spectral imagers.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is intractable to perform information processing and computation on single ultrafast optical pulses, within picoseconds or even femtoseconds. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an optical spatiotemporal differentiator, a mirror-symmetry-breaking dielectric metagrating, which performs analog computations of both spatial and temporal differentiations on single ultrafast optical wavepackets. The spatiotemporal differentiator is designed with a transfer function with linear dependence on spatial wavevector and temporal frequency and fabricated by using a double-exposure E-beam lithography process. We achieve the first-order spatiotemporal differentiation with experimental resolutions of approximately 14 μm (in space) and 260 fs (in time). Furthermore, we report a parabolic relationship between the transverse velocity of a front-tilted photonic wavepacket and the normalized intensity of its first-order spatiotemporal-differentiation wavepacket. This relationship allows direct measurement of the transverse velocity using only the normalized intensity, fundamentally simplifying velocity detection. These capabilities of optical spatiotemporal computation endow emerging space-time optics with fundamental computation blocks.
{"title":"Experimental demonstration of spatiotemporal analog computation in ultrafast optics.","authors":"Junyi Huang,Dong Zhao,Jixuan Shi,Hongliang Zhang,Hengyi Wang,Fang-Wen Sun,Qiwen Zhan,Shiyao Zhu,Kun Huang,Zhichao Ruan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02109-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02109-0","url":null,"abstract":"It is intractable to perform information processing and computation on single ultrafast optical pulses, within picoseconds or even femtoseconds. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an optical spatiotemporal differentiator, a mirror-symmetry-breaking dielectric metagrating, which performs analog computations of both spatial and temporal differentiations on single ultrafast optical wavepackets. The spatiotemporal differentiator is designed with a transfer function with linear dependence on spatial wavevector and temporal frequency and fabricated by using a double-exposure E-beam lithography process. We achieve the first-order spatiotemporal differentiation with experimental resolutions of approximately 14 μm (in space) and 260 fs (in time). Furthermore, we report a parabolic relationship between the transverse velocity of a front-tilted photonic wavepacket and the normalized intensity of its first-order spatiotemporal-differentiation wavepacket. This relationship allows direct measurement of the transverse velocity using only the normalized intensity, fundamentally simplifying velocity detection. These capabilities of optical spatiotemporal computation endow emerging space-time optics with fundamental computation blocks.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02102-7
Qingsong Yao,Zile Li,Guoxing Zheng
The ability to create complex three-dimensional structures of light is extremely challenging. Now, a technique combining Dammann optimization with metasurfaces has been developed, enabling control over all parameters, including polarization, phase, angular momentum, and spatial modes. The generation of three-dimensional generalized vortex beams can open new horizons for their applications in photonics.
{"title":"Generation of vectorial generalized vortex array with metasurfaces.","authors":"Qingsong Yao,Zile Li,Guoxing Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02102-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02102-7","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to create complex three-dimensional structures of light is extremely challenging. Now, a technique combining Dammann optimization with metasurfaces has been developed, enabling control over all parameters, including polarization, phase, angular momentum, and spatial modes. The generation of three-dimensional generalized vortex beams can open new horizons for their applications in photonics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"07 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dispersion engineering is pivotal for nonlinear optics, yet it often faces challenges posed by material and structural limitations. Here, we establish rotational symmetry breaking as the guiding principle for dispersion engineering in optical microcavities. Through boundary deformation, multi-branch global dispersion emerges in island modes, and local dispersion is controlled via resonance-assisted tunneling between quasi-whispering gallery modes. Enabled by the global dispersion, the optical parametric oscillation is predicted in blue-violet light spectrum with high efficiency (>55%) and large frequency separation (>180 THz). Using the local dispersion engineering, the doubly-resonant enhancement of second-harmonic generation is regulated by the resonance-assisted tunneling.
{"title":"Dispersion engineering by rotational symmetry breaking in an optical microcavity.","authors":"Jian-Zheng Ren,Li-Jie Li,Rui-Qi Zhang,Zhi-Yan Wang,Qi-Tao Cao,Yun-Feng Xiao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02169-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02169-2","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersion engineering is pivotal for nonlinear optics, yet it often faces challenges posed by material and structural limitations. Here, we establish rotational symmetry breaking as the guiding principle for dispersion engineering in optical microcavities. Through boundary deformation, multi-branch global dispersion emerges in island modes, and local dispersion is controlled via resonance-assisted tunneling between quasi-whispering gallery modes. Enabled by the global dispersion, the optical parametric oscillation is predicted in blue-violet light spectrum with high efficiency (>55%) and large frequency separation (>180 THz). Using the local dispersion engineering, the doubly-resonant enhancement of second-harmonic generation is regulated by the resonance-assisted tunneling.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pork is rich in various nutrients and serves as a pivotal source of protein in the human diet, accounting for a substantial portion of worldwide meat consumption. With the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for high-quality meat is continuously increasing. However, the production of high-quality pork still faces critical challenges. At present, improving pork quality through probiotics and their fermented feed has become a hot topic of interest and concern. Fermented feed can enhance pork quality by improving meat color, drip loss, tenderness, flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and nutritional value. In this review, we summarized and discussed the recent advances in fermentation strains, fermentation technology, fermented feed characteristics, and their effects and regulatory mechanisms on pork quality, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical insights for the application of fermented feed in the production of high-quality pork.
{"title":"Probiotics and their fermented feed: multi-dimensional effects and mechanistic insights on pork quality.","authors":"Xien Xiang, Yanbing Zhou, Peiran Cai, Shiqi Liu, Tizhong Shan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01327-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01327-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pork is rich in various nutrients and serves as a pivotal source of protein in the human diet, accounting for a substantial portion of worldwide meat consumption. With the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for high-quality meat is continuously increasing. However, the production of high-quality pork still faces critical challenges. At present, improving pork quality through probiotics and their fermented feed has become a hot topic of interest and concern. Fermented feed can enhance pork quality by improving meat color, drip loss, tenderness, flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and nutritional value. In this review, we summarized and discussed the recent advances in fermentation strains, fermentation technology, fermented feed characteristics, and their effects and regulatory mechanisms on pork quality, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical insights for the application of fermented feed in the production of high-quality pork.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02172-7
Ke-Jin Zhou,Qiushi Huang,Mirian Garcia-Fernandez,Yeqi Zhuang,Stefano Agrestini,Shengyou Wen,Thomas Rice,Sahil Tippireddy,Jaewon Choi,Andrew Walters,Igor V Kozhevnikov,Zhe Zhang,Runze Qi,Zhong Zhang,Hongchang Wang,Zhanshan Wang
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is a photon-in/photon-out spectroscopic technique which has become increasingly important for the condensed matter physics community. The development of the RIXS instrumentation in soft X-ray and hard X-ray range facilitated the research in 3d and 5d transition metal (TM)-based materials, respectively. However, the tender X-ray (2000-3000 eV) RIXS covering most of 4d TM-based materials severely falls behind due to the lack of high-performance energy dispersive optics. Here, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of a laterally graded multilayer grating (MLG) optics for the establishment of the tender RIXS at the I21 RIXS beamline in Diamond Light Source. The successful implementation of the MLG boosts the photon flux by more than an order of magnitude at the Sulfur K-edge (2475 eV) and the Ru L3-edge (2838 eV) in comparison to the solution of a single-layer coated grating (SLG). More importantly, MLG retains the high energy resolution of the SLG design (~10,000) and works continuously across the full range of 2000-3000 eV. It renders the I21 beamline as the very first RIXS facility in the world that covers both soft and tender X-rays (280-3000 eV) using a grating-based spectrometer for a wide range of science applications.
{"title":"TRIXS: a multilayer grating solution towards highly efficient resonant inelastic tender X-ray scattering.","authors":"Ke-Jin Zhou,Qiushi Huang,Mirian Garcia-Fernandez,Yeqi Zhuang,Stefano Agrestini,Shengyou Wen,Thomas Rice,Sahil Tippireddy,Jaewon Choi,Andrew Walters,Igor V Kozhevnikov,Zhe Zhang,Runze Qi,Zhong Zhang,Hongchang Wang,Zhanshan Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02172-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02172-7","url":null,"abstract":"Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is a photon-in/photon-out spectroscopic technique which has become increasingly important for the condensed matter physics community. The development of the RIXS instrumentation in soft X-ray and hard X-ray range facilitated the research in 3d and 5d transition metal (TM)-based materials, respectively. However, the tender X-ray (2000-3000 eV) RIXS covering most of 4d TM-based materials severely falls behind due to the lack of high-performance energy dispersive optics. Here, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of a laterally graded multilayer grating (MLG) optics for the establishment of the tender RIXS at the I21 RIXS beamline in Diamond Light Source. The successful implementation of the MLG boosts the photon flux by more than an order of magnitude at the Sulfur K-edge (2475 eV) and the Ru L3-edge (2838 eV) in comparison to the solution of a single-layer coated grating (SLG). More importantly, MLG retains the high energy resolution of the SLG design (~10,000) and works continuously across the full range of 2000-3000 eV. It renders the I21 beamline as the very first RIXS facility in the world that covers both soft and tender X-rays (280-3000 eV) using a grating-based spectrometer for a wide range of science applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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