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Diamine-modified porous indium frameworks with crystalline porous materials (CPM)-5 structure for carbon dioxide fixation under co-catalyst and solvent free conditions 具有结晶多孔材料(CPM)-5结构的二胺修饰多孔铟框架在助催化剂和无溶剂条件下固定二氧化碳
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.029
Naghmeh Bayati, Saeed Dehghanpour

In the present work, functional diamine groups into indium frameworks to synthesize cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides with efficient catalytic activity in the absence of co-catalyst and solvent are reported for the first time. Crystalline porous materials (CPM)-5 modified with 1,2-phenylene diamine and ethylene diamine (CPM-5-PhDA and CPM-5-EDA), were prepared using a post-synthetic modification (PSM) method. The properties of the modified CPM-5 were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2-adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), CO2 adsorption, and temperature programmed desorption TPD methods. The presence of diamine groups as basic sites and indium Lewis acid sites in the framework structure were desirable for high catalytic activity. For a given catalyst weight, CPM-5-PhDA was the best candidate to appear with great catalytic activity and selectivity for the cycloaddition reaction at 100°C and 1 MPa CO2 under co-catalyst and solvent free conditions. CPM-5-PhDA also was found to afford large and bulky epoxides. The catalyst can be easily separated and reused five times without any decline in activity.

在本工作中,首次报道了在没有助催化剂和溶剂的情况下,将功能性二胺基团引入铟框架中,由CO2和环氧化物合成具有高效催化活性的环状碳酸酯。采用合成后改性(PSM)方法制备了用1,2-亚苯基二胺和乙二胺(CPM-5-PhDA和CPM-5-EDA)改性的结晶多孔材料(CPM)-5。通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N2吸附、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、CO2吸附和程序升温脱附TPD方法对改性CPM-5的性能进行了表征。在框架结构中存在作为碱性位点的二胺基团和铟路易斯酸位点对于高催化活性是合乎需要的。对于给定的催化剂重量,CPM-5-PhDA是在助催化剂和无溶剂条件下,在100°C和1MPa CO2的环加成反应中表现出良好催化活性和选择性的最佳候选者。CPM-5-PhDA也被发现提供大体积的环氧化物。催化剂可以很容易地分离并重复使用五次,而活性不会下降。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of surface ozone concentration over Jiangsu province using a high-performance deep learning model 应用高性能深度学习模型估算江苏省地表臭氧浓度
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.032
Xi Mu , Sichen Wang , Peng Jiang , Yanlan Wu

Recently, the global background concentration of ozone (O3) has demonstrated a rising trend. Among various methods, groun-based monitoring of O3 concentrations is highly reliable for research analysis. To obtain information on the spatial characteristics of O3 concentrations, it is necessary that the ground monitoring sites be constructed in sufficient density. In recent years, many researchers have used machine learning models to estimate surface O3 concentrations, which cannot fully provide the spatial and temporal information contained in a sample dataset. To solve this problem, the current study utilized a deep learning model called the Residual connection Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory network (R-ConvLSTM) to estimate daily maximum 8-hr average (MDA8) O3 over Jiangsu province, China during 2020. In this research, the R-ConvLSTM model not only provides the spatiotemporal information of MDA8 O3, but also involves residual connection to avoid the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance with the deepening of network layers. We utilized the TROPOMI total O3 column retrieved from Sentinel-5 Precursor, ERA5 reanalysis meteorological data, and other supplementary data to build a pre-trained dataset. The R-ConvLSTM model achieved an overall sample-base cross-validation (CV) R2 of 0.955 with root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.372 µg/m3. Model estimation also showed a city-based CV R2 of 0.896 with RMSE of 14.029 µg/m3, the highest MDA8 O3 in spring being 122.60 ± 31.60 µg/m3 and the lowest in winter being 69.93 ± 18.48 µg/m3.

近年来,全球臭氧(O3)背景浓度呈上升趋势。在各种方法中,基于地面的O3浓度监测对于研究分析来说是高度可靠的。为了获得有关O3浓度空间特征的信息,有必要以足够的密度建造地面监测点。近年来,许多研究人员使用机器学习模型来估计表面O3浓度,这无法完全提供样本数据集中包含的空间和时间信息。为了解决这个问题,目前的研究使用了一种称为残差连接卷积长短期记忆网络(R-ConvLSTM)的深度学习模型来估计2020年中国江苏省的日最大8小时平均值(MDA8)O3。在本研究中,R-ConvLSTM模型不仅提供了MDA8 O3的时空信息,而且还涉及残差连接,以避免随着网络层的加深而出现梯度爆炸和梯度消失的问题。我们利用从Sentinel-5前体、ERA5再分析气象数据和其他补充数据中检索到的TROPOMI总O3柱来构建预训练数据集。R-ConvLSTM模型实现了0.955的总体样本库交叉验证(CV)R2,均方根误差(RMSE)为9.372µg/m3。模型估计还显示,基于城市的CV R2为0.896,RMSE为14.029µg/m3,春季最高的MDA8 O3为122.60±31.60µg/m3,冬季最低的为69.93±18.48µg/m3。
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引用次数: 1
Refractory black carbon aerosols in rainwater in the summer of 2019 in Beijing: Mass concentration, size distribution and wet scavenging ratio 北京2019年夏季雨水中难降解黑碳气溶胶的质量浓度、粒径分布和湿清除率
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.039
Shandong Lei , Baozhu Ge , Hang Liu , Jiannong Quan , Danhui Xu , Yuting Zhang , Weijie Yao , Lu Lei , Yu Tian , Qi Liao , Xiaoyong Liu , Jie Li , Jinyuan Xin , Yele Sun , Pingqing Fu , Junji Cao , Zifa Wang , Xiaole Pan

Black carbon (BC) aerosols in the atmosphere play a significant role in climate systems due to their strong ability to absorb solar radiation. The lifetime of BC depends on atmospheric transport, aging and consequently on wet scavenging processes (in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging). In this study, sequential rainwater samples in eight rainfall events collected in 2 mm interval were measured by a tandem system including a single particle soot photometer (SP2) and a nebulizer. The results showed that the volume-weighted average (VWA) mass concentrations of refractory black carbon (rBC) in each rainfall event varied, ranging from 10.8 to 78.9 µg/L. The highest rBC concentrations in the rainwater samples typically occurred in the first fraction from individual rainfall events. The geometric mean median mass-equivalent diameter (MMD) decreased under precipitation, indicating that rBC with larger sizes was relatively aged and preferentially removed by wet scavenging. A positive correlation (R2 = 0.73) between the VWA mass concentrations of rBC in rainwater and that in ambient air suggested the important contribution of scavenging process. Additionally, the contributions of in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging were distinguished and accounted for 74% and 26% to wet scavenging, respectively. The scavenging ratio of rBC particles was estimated to be 0.06 on average. This study provides helpful information for better understanding the mechanism of rBC wet scavenging and reducing the uncertainty of numerical simulations of the climate effects of rBC.

大气中的黑碳气溶胶由于具有较强的吸收太阳辐射的能力,在气候系统中发挥着重要作用。BC的寿命取决于大气传输、老化,从而取决于湿清除过程(云中和云下清除)。在本研究中,通过包括单颗粒烟尘光度计(SP2)和喷雾器在内的串联系统测量了以2 mm间隔收集的8次降雨事件中的连续雨水样本。结果表明,在每次降雨事件中,难降解炭黑(rBC)的体积加权平均质量浓度各不相同,范围为10.8至78.9µg/L。雨水样本中的最高rBC浓度通常发生在单个降雨事件的第一部分。几何平均中值质量当量直径(MMD)在降水条件下降低,表明尺寸较大的rBC相对老化,优先通过湿法清除去除。雨水中rBC的VWA质量浓度与环境空气中的VWA浓度呈正相关(R2=0.73),表明清除过程的重要贡献。此外,云中清除和云下清除的贡献是不同的,分别占湿清除的74%和26%。rBC颗粒的清除率估计为平均0.06。这项研究为更好地理解rBC的湿清除机制和减少rBC气候效应数值模拟的不确定性提供了有用的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring HONO formation and its role in driving secondary pollutants formation during winter in the North China Plain 华北平原冬季HONO形成及其对二次污染物形成的驱动作用
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.034
Shaobin Zhang , Guo Li , Nan Ma , Yao He , Shaowen Zhu , Xihao Pan , Wenlin Dong , Yanyan Zhang , Qingwei Luo , Jeannine Ditas , Uwe Kuhn , Yuxuan Zhang , Bin Yuan , Zelong Wang , Peng Cheng , Juan Hong , Jiangchuan Tao , Wanyun Xu , Ye Kuang , Qiaoqiao Wang , Hang Su

Daytime HONO photolysis is an important source of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH). Knowledge of HONO formation chemistry under typical haze conditions, however, is still limited. In the Multiphase chemistry experiment in Fogs and Aerosols in the North China Plain in 2018, we investigated the wintertime HONO formation and its atmospheric implications at a rural site Gucheng. Three different episodes based on atmospheric aerosol loading levels were classified: clean periods (CPs), moderately polluted periods (MPPs) and severely polluted periods (SPPs). Correlation analysis revealed that HONO formation via heterogeneous conversion of NO2 was more efficient on aerosol surfaces than on ground, highlighting the important role of aerosols in promoting HONO formation. Daytime HONO budget analysis indicated a large missing source (with an average production rate of 0.66 ± 0.26, 0.97 ± 0.47 and 1.45 ± 0.55 ppbV/hr for CPs, MPPs and SPPs, respectively), which strongly correlated with photo-enhanced reactions (NO2 heterogeneous reaction and particulate nitrate photolysis). Average OH formation derived from HONO photolysis reached up to (0.92 ± 0.71), (1.75 ± 1.26) and (1.82 ± 1.47) ppbV/hr in CPs, MPPs and SPPs respectively, much higher than that from O3 photolysis (i.e., (0.004 ± 0.004), (0.006 ± 0.007) and (0.0035 ± 0.0034) ppbV/hr). Such high OH production rates could markedly regulate the atmospheric oxidation capacity and hence promote the formation of secondary aerosols and pollutants.

日间HONO光解是大气中羟基自由基(OH)的重要来源。然而,对典型雾度条件下HONO形成化学的了解仍然有限。在2018年华北平原雾和气溶胶的多相化学实验中,我们研究了古城一个农村地区冬季HONO的形成及其对大气的影响。根据大气气溶胶负荷水平,分为三个不同的时段:清洁期(CP)、中度污染期(MPPs)和重度污染期(SPPs)。相关分析表明,通过NO2的非均匀转化在气溶胶表面形成HONO比在地面上更有效,这突出了气溶胶在促进HONO形成中的重要作用。日间HONO预算分析表明存在大量缺失源(CP、MPP和SPP的平均生产率分别为0.66±0.26、0.97±0.47和1.45±0.55ppbV/hr),这与光增强反应(NO2多相反应和颗粒硝酸盐光解)密切相关。在CP、MPP和SPP中,HONO光解产生的平均OH形成分别达到(0.92±0.71)、(1.75±1.26)和(1.82±1.47)ppbV/hr,远高于O3光解产生的OH形成(即(0.004±0.004)、(0.006±0.007)和(0.0035±0.0034)ppbV/hr)。如此高的OH生成速率可以显著调节大气氧化能力,从而促进二次气溶胶和污染物的形成。
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引用次数: 1
Observation on the aerosol and ozone precursors in suburban areas of Shenzhen and analysis of potential source based on MAX-DOAS 基于MAX-DOAS的深圳郊区气溶胶和臭氧前体观测及潜在来源分析
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.030
Hairong Zhang , Ang Li , Zhaokun Hu , Hongmei Ren , Hongyan Zhong , Jianfeng Guo , Long Yun , Mingdi Zhang

Long-term stereoscopic observations of aerosol, NO2, and HCHO were carried out at the Yangmeikeng (YMK) site in Shenzhen. Aerosol optical depths and NO2 vertical column concentration (NO2 VCD) derived from MAX-DOAS were found to be consistent with other datasets. The total NO2 VCD values of the site remained low, varying from 2 × 1015 to 8 × 1015 mol/cm2, while the HCHO VCD was higher than NO2 VCD, varying from 7 × 1015 to 11 × 1015 mol/cm2. HCHO VCD was higher from September to early November than that was from mid-late November to December and during February 2021, in contrast, NO2 VCD did not change much during the same period. In January, NO2 VCD and HCHO VCD were both fluctuating drastically. High temperature and HCHO level in the YMK site is not only driving the ozone production up but also may be driving up the ozone concentration as well, and the O3 production regime in the YMK site tends to be NOx-limited. At various altitudes, backward trajectory clustering analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) were utilized to identify possible NO2 and HCHO source locations. The results suggested that the Huizhou-Shanwei border and the Daya Bay Sea area were the key potential source locations in the lower (200 m) and middle (500 m) atmosphere (WPSCF > 0.6). The WPSCF value was high at the 1000 m altitude which was closer to the YMK site than the near ground, indicating that the pollution transport capability in the upper atmosphere was limited.

在深圳杨梅坑进行了气溶胶、二氧化氮和六氯环己烷的长期立体观测。从MAX-DOAS获得的气溶胶光学深度和NO2垂直柱浓度(NO2-VCD)与其他数据集一致。该站点的总NO2 VCD值保持较低,从2×1015到8×1015mol/cm2不等,而HCHO VCD高于NO2 VCD,从7×1015至11×1015mmol/cm2不等。9月至11月初,六氯环己烷VCD高于11月中下旬至12月和2021年2月,相比之下,同期NO2 VCD变化不大。一月份,二氧化氮VCD和六氯环己烷VCD均大幅波动。YMK场所的高温和六氯环己烷水平不仅推动了臭氧的产生,而且可能也推动了臭氧浓度的上升,而且YMK场所臭氧的产生机制往往受到NOx的限制。在不同海拔高度,利用后向轨迹聚类分析和潜在来源贡献函数(PSCF)来确定NO2和六氯环己烷的可能来源位置。结果表明,惠州-汕尾边界和大亚湾海域是低层(200m)和中层(500m)大气的主要潜在污染源(WPSCF>;0.6),海拔1000m处的WPSCF值较高,与近地面相比,更靠近YMK,表明高层大气的污染输运能力有限。
{"title":"Observation on the aerosol and ozone precursors in suburban areas of Shenzhen and analysis of potential source based on MAX-DOAS","authors":"Hairong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ang Li ,&nbsp;Zhaokun Hu ,&nbsp;Hongmei Ren ,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhong ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Guo ,&nbsp;Long Yun ,&nbsp;Mingdi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-term stereoscopic observations of aerosol, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO were carried out at the Yangmeikeng (YMK) site in Shenzhen. Aerosol optical depths and NO<sub>2</sub> vertical column concentration (NO<sub>2</sub> VCD) derived from MAX-DOAS were found to be consistent with other datasets. The total NO<sub>2</sub> VCD values of the site remained low, varying from 2 × 10<sup>15</sup> to 8 × 10<sup>15</sup> mol/cm<sup>2</sup>, while the HCHO VCD was higher than NO<sub>2</sub> VCD, varying from 7 × 10<sup>15</sup> to 11 × 10<sup>15</sup> mol/cm<sup>2</sup>. HCHO VCD was higher from September to early November than that was from mid-late November to December and during February 2021, in contrast, NO<sub>2</sub> VCD did not change much during the same period. In January, NO<sub>2</sub> VCD and HCHO VCD were both fluctuating drastically. High temperature and HCHO level in the YMK site is not only driving the ozone production up but also may be driving up the ozone concentration as well, and the O<sub>3</sub> production regime in the YMK site tends to be NO<sub>x</sub>-limited. At various altitudes, backward trajectory clustering analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) were utilized to identify possible NO<sub>2</sub> and HCHO source locations. The results suggested that the Huizhou-Shanwei border and the Daya Bay Sea area were the key potential source locations in the lower (200 m) and middle (500 m) atmosphere (WPSCF &gt; 0.6). The WPSCF value was high at the 1000 m altitude which was closer to the YMK site than the near ground, indicating that the pollution transport capability in the upper atmosphere was limited.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 109-121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9668671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catalytic degradation of benzene over non-thermal plasma coupled Co-Ni binary metal oxide nanosheet catalysts 非热等离子体耦合Co-Ni二元金属氧化物纳米片催化剂对苯的催化降解
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.030
Zhi Jiang , Dongxu Fang , Yuting Liang , Yaoyu He , Hisahiro Einaga , Wenfeng Shangguan

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been demonstrated as one of the promising technologies that can degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under ambient condition. However, one of the key challenges of VOCs degradation in NTP is its relatively low mineralization rate, which needs to be addressed by introducing catalysts. Therefore, the design and optimization of catalysts have become the focus of NTP coupling catalysis research. In this work, a series of two-dimensional nanosheet Co-Ni metal oxides were synthesized by microwave method and investigated for the catalytic oxidation of benzene in an NTP-catalysis coupling system. Among them, Co2Ni1Ox achieves 60% carbon dioxide (CO2) selectivity (SCO2) when the benzene removal efficiency (REbenzene) reaches more than 99%, which is a significant enhancement compared with the CO2 selectivity obtained without any catalysts (38%) under the same input power. More intriguingly, this SCO2 is also significantly higher than that of single metal oxides, NiO or Co3O4, which is only around 40%. Such improved performance of this binary metal oxide catalyst is uniquely attributed to the synergistic effects of Co and Ni in Co2Ni1Ox catalyst. The introduction of Co2Ni1Ox was found to promote the generation of acrolein significantly, one of the key intermediates found in NTP alone system reported previously, suggest the benzene ring open reaction is promoted. Compared with monometallic oxides NiO and Co3O4, Co2Ni1Ox also shows higher active oxygen proportion, better oxygen mobility, and stronger low-temperature redox capability. The above factors result in the improved catalytic performance of Co2Ni1Ox in the NTP coupling removal of benzene.

非热等离子体(NTP)已被证明是一种在环境条件下降解挥发性有机物的有前途的技术。然而,NTP中VOCs降解的关键挑战之一是其相对较低的矿化率,这需要通过引入催化剂来解决。因此,催化剂的设计与优化已成为NTP偶联催化研究的重点。本工作采用微波法合成了一系列二维纳米片Co-Ni金属氧化物,并在NTP催化偶联体系中对苯的催化氧化进行了研究。其中,当苯去除效率(REbenzen)达到99%以上时,Co2Ni1Ox实现了60%的二氧化碳(CO2)选择性(SCO2),与在相同输入功率下没有任何催化剂时获得的CO2选择性(38%)相比,这是一个显著的提高。更有趣的是,这种SCO2也明显高于单一金属氧化物NiO或Co3O4的SCO2,后者仅为40%左右。这种二元金属氧化物催化剂的这种改进的性能独特地归因于Co2Ni1Ox催化剂中Co和Ni的协同作用。发现Co2Ni1Ox的引入显著促进了丙烯醛的生成,丙烯醛是先前报道的NTP单独系统中发现的关键中间体之一,这表明促进了苯环开环反应。与单金属氧化物NiO和Co3O4相比,Co2Ni1Ox还表现出更高的活性氧比例、更好的氧迁移率和更强的低温氧化还原能力。上述因素导致Co2Ni1Ox在NTP偶联去除苯中的催化性能提高。
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引用次数: 3
Parameterization of below-cloud scavenging for polydisperse fine mode aerosols as a function of rain intensity 多分散细态气溶胶在云下扫掠的参数化与雨强的关系
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.031
Chang Hoon Jung , Hyung-Min Lee , Dasom Park , Young Jun Yoon , Yongjoo Choi , Junshik Um , Seoung Soo Lee , Ji Yi Lee , Yong Pyo Kim

The below-cloud aerosol scavenging process by precipitation is one of the most important mechanisms to remove aerosols from the atmosphere. Due to its complexity and dependence on both aerosol and raindrop sizes, wet scavenging process has been poorly treated, especially during the removal of fine particles. This makes the numerical simulation of below-cloud scavenging in large-scale aerosol models unrealistic. To consider the slip effects of submicron particles, a simplified expression for the diffusion scavenging was developed by approximating the Cunningham slip correction factor. The derived analytic solution was parameterized as a simple power function of rain intensity under the assumption of the lognormal size distribution of particles. The resultant approximated expression was compared to the observed data and the results of previous studies including a 3D atmospheric chemical transport model simulation. Compared with the default GEOS-Chem coefficient of 0.00106R0.61 and the observation-based coefficient of 0.0144R0.9268, the coefficient of a and b in Λm = aRb spread in the range of 0.0002- 0.1959 for a and 0.3261- 0.525 for b over a size distribution of GSD of 1.3–2.5 and a geometric mean diameter of 0.01- 2.5 µm. Overall, this study showed that the scavenging coefficient varies widely by orders of magnitude according to the size distribution of particles and rain intensity. This study also demonstrated that the obtained simplified expression could consider the theoretical approach of aerosol polydispersity. Our proposed analytic approach showed that results can be effectively applied for reduced computational burden in atmospheric modeling.

降水清除云下气溶胶的过程是清除大气中气溶胶的最重要机制之一。由于其复杂性和对气溶胶和雨滴大小的依赖性,湿式清除过程处理得很差,尤其是在去除细颗粒的过程中。这使得在大规模气溶胶模型中对云下清除的数值模拟变得不切实际。为了考虑亚微米颗粒的滑移效应,通过近似Cunningham滑移校正因子,推导了扩散清除的简化表达式。在假设颗粒的对数正态尺寸分布的情况下,导出的解析解被参数化为降雨强度的简单幂函数。将得到的近似表达式与观测数据和先前研究的结果进行了比较,这些研究包括3D大气化学传输模型模拟。与0.00106R0.61的默认GEOS化学系数和0.0144R0.9268的基于观测的系数相比,∧m=aRb中的a和b系数在1.3–2.5的GSD尺寸分布和0.01–2.5µm的几何平均直径范围内,a在0.0002-0.1959之间,b在0.3261-0.525之间。总体而言,这项研究表明,清除系数根据颗粒的大小分布和降雨强度的不同而有很大的数量级差异。该研究还表明,所获得的简化表达式可以考虑气溶胶多分散性的理论方法。我们提出的分析方法表明,结果可以有效地应用于减少大气建模的计算负担。
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引用次数: 3
A vehicle-mounted dual-smog chamber: Characterization and its preliminary application to evolutionary simulation of photochemical processes in a quasi-realistic atmosphere 车载双烟雾室:表征及其在准真实大气中光化学过程进化模拟中的初步应用
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.034
Wenlu Wang , Yang Xiao , Shijie Han , Yang Zhang , Daocheng Gong , Hao Wang , Boguang Wang

Smog chambers are the effective tools for studying formation mechanisms of air pollution. Simulations by traditional smog chambers differ to a large extent from real atmospheric conditions, including light, temperature and atmospheric composition. However, the existing parameters for mechanism interpretation are derived from the traditional smog chambers. To address the gap between the traditional laboratory simulations and the photochemistry in the real atmosphere, a vehicle-mounted indoor-outdoor dual-smog chamber (JNU-VMDSC) was developed, which can be quickly transferred to the desired sites to simulate quasi-realistic atmosphere simultaneously in both chambers using “local air”. Multiple key parameters of the smog chamber were characterized in the study, demonstrating that JNU-VMDSC meets the requirements of general atmospheric chemistry simulation studies. Additionally, the preliminary results for the photochemical simulations of quasi-realistic atmospheres in Pearl River Delta region and Nanling Mountains are consistent with literature reports on the photochemistry in this region. JNU-VMDSC provides a convenient and reliable experimental device and means to study the mechanism of atmospheric photochemical reactions to obtain near-real results, and will make a great contribution to the control of composite air pollution.

烟雾室是研究空气污染形成机制的有效工具。传统烟雾室的模拟在很大程度上不同于真实的大气条件,包括光照、温度和大气成分。然而,现有的机制解释参数是从传统的烟雾室中推导出来的。为了解决传统实验室模拟与真实大气中光化学之间的差距,开发了一种车载室内外双烟雾室(JNU-VMDSC),该烟雾室可以快速转移到所需的地点,使用“局部空气”在两个室内同时模拟准真实大气。对烟雾室的多个关键参数进行了表征,表明JNU-VMDSC符合一般大气化学模拟研究的要求。此外,珠江三角洲和南岭地区准真实大气光化学模拟的初步结果与该地区光化学的文献报道一致。JNU-VMDSC为研究大气光化学反应机理提供了一种方便可靠的实验装置和手段,以获得接近真实的结果,将为控制复合空气污染做出巨大贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Temporal-spatial distributions of road silt loadings and fugitive road dust emissions in Beijing from 2019 to 2020 2019 - 2020年北京市道路粉砂负荷与粉尘排放时空分布特征
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.007
Haibin Wang , Lihui Han , Tingting Li , Song Qu , Yuncheng Zhao , Shoubin Fan , Tong Chen , Haoran Cui , Junfang Liu

Road silt loading (sL) is an important parameter in the fugitive road dust (FRD) emissions. In this study, the improved Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) combined with the AP-42 method was firstly developed to quickly measure and estimate the sLs of paved roads in Beijing, China. The annual average sLs in Beijing was 0.59±0.31 g/m2 in 2020, and decreased by 22.4% compared with that in 2019. The seasonal variations of sLs followed the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn in the two years. The seasonal mean road sLs on the same type road in the four seasons presented a decline trend from 2019 to 2020, especially on the Express way, decreasing 47.4%-72.7%. The road sLs on the different type roads in the same season followed the order of Major arterial ∼ Minor arterial ∼ Branch road > Express road, and Township road ∼ Country highway > Provincial highway ∼ National highway. The emission intensities of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were lower than those in 2019. The PM10 and PM2.5 emission intensities at the four planning areas in the two years all presented the order of the capital functional core area > the urban functional expansion area > the urban development new area > the ecological conservation and development area. The annual emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were 74,886 ton and 18,118 ton, respectively, decreasing by ∼33.3% compared with those in 2019.

道路淤泥负荷(sL)是道路扬尘(FRD)排放的一个重要参数。在本研究中,首次开发了改进的道路再夹带气溶胶动力学排放测试(TRAKER)与AP-42方法相结合的方法,以快速测量和估计中国北京铺砌道路的sLs。2020年,北京的年平均sLs为0.59±0.31 g/m2,与2019年相比下降了22.4%。sLs的季节变化遵循春季>;冬天>;夏季>;这两年的秋天。2019年至2020年,四季同类型道路的季节平均道路sLs呈下降趋势,尤其是高速公路,下降了47.4%-72.7%;快速公路和乡村公路>;省道~国道。北京2020年FRD PM10和PM2.5的排放强度均低于2019年。四个规划区两年的PM10和PM2.5排放强度均呈现首都功能核心区>;城市功能拓展区>;城市发展新区>;生态保护和开发区。2020年,北京FRD的PM10和PM2.5年排放量分别为74886吨和18118吨,与2019年相比下降了33.3%。
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引用次数: 3
Co-transformation of HMs-PAHs in rhizosphere soils and adaptive responses of rhizobacteria during whole growth period of rice (Oryza sativa L.) 水稻全生育期根际土壤HMs-PAHs共转化及根际细菌的适应反应
IF 6.9 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.017
Shengwei Yi , Feng Li , Chen Wu , Fei Ge , Chuang Feng , Ming Zhang , Yun Liu , Hainan Lu

This study investigated the transformations of heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rhizosphere soils and adaptive responses of rhizobacterial community under the real field conditions during four growth stages (e.g., greening, tillering, heading, and maturity) of early rice (Zhongjiazao 17) and late rice (Zhongyou 9918) in Jiangshe village (JSV) and Yangji village (YJV). Results showed that rhizosphere soils of YJV were mildly polluted by Cd and PAHs compared to that of JSV. The relative abundance of bioavailable Cd (bio-Cd) and bioavailable As (bio-As) in rhizosphere soil increased before the heading stage but decreased at the subsequent growth stage, but the content of ΣPAHs in rhizosphere soil decreased gradually during whole growth period. The dominant rhizobacteria genera at YJV (e.g., Bacillus, Massilia, Sphingomonas, and Geobacter) increased at an abundance level from the tillering to heading stage. Rhizobacteria interacted with the above co-pollutant more intensely at the tillering and heading stage, where genes involved in HM-resistance and PAH-degradation appeared to have a significant enhancement. The contents of bio-Cd and bio-As in rhizosphere soil of early rice were higher than that of late rice at each growth stage, especially at the heading stage. Bio-Cd, ΣPAHs, and organic matter were key factors influencing the community structure of rhizobacteria. Results of this study provide valuable insights about the interactions between HM-PAH co-pollutant and rhizobacterial community under real field conditions and thus develop in-situ rhizosphere remediation techniques for contaminated paddy fields.

研究了江舍村和杨集村早稻(中家早17号)和晚稻(中优9918号)在绿化、分蘖、抽穗、成熟四个生长阶段根际土壤重金属和多环芳烃的转化及根际细菌群落的适应性反应(YJV)。结果表明,与JSV相比,YJV根际土壤受到Cd和PAHs的轻度污染。根际土壤中生物有效Cd(bio-Cd)和生物有效As(bio-As)的相对丰度在抽穗前增加,但在随后的生长阶段减少,但根际土壤∑PAHs含量在整个生长期内逐渐下降。YJV的优势根细菌属(如芽孢杆菌属、马西利亚属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属和地杆菌属)从分蘖期到抽穗期以丰度水平增加。根际细菌在分蘖期和抽穗期与上述共污染物的相互作用更为强烈,参与HM抗性和PAH降解的基因似乎有显著增强。早稻根际土壤中的生物Cd和生物As含量在各生育期均高于晚稻,尤其是在抽穗期。生物Cd、∑PAHs和有机质是影响根际细菌群落结构的关键因素。本研究的结果为HM-PAH共污染物与根际细菌群落在实际田间条件下的相互作用提供了有价值的见解,从而开发了受污染稻田的根际原位修复技术。
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引用次数: 2
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Journal of environmental sciences
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