Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.003
Fang Fei, Diao Jingru, XU Yafen
The main purpose of this study is to observe the abundant inclusions of blue sapphire samples from Australia and analyze the composition of inclusions and provide a theoretical basis for the identification of its origin.The Leica M205A microscopic camera was used to finish the image acquisition of characteristic inclusions in blue sapphires from Australia. Laser Raman spectrometer was used to test inclusion composition.The result showed that the sapphire samples generally had obvious uneven colour distributions, healing fissures and partings. Some samples have hexagonal ribbons. Microscopic observation showed solid phase inclusions, tubular gas-liquid inclusions, fingerprint inclusions, and occasionally three-phase inclusions.Specially, some inclusions occur in the form of bicrystals.The inclusions identified by Raman spectroscopy include zircon, rutile, anatase, hematite, niobite, nepheline and CO2.
{"title":"Inclusion Characteristic of Blue Sapphire from Australia","authors":"Fang Fei, Diao Jingru, XU Yafen","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to observe the abundant inclusions of blue sapphire samples from Australia and analyze the composition of inclusions and provide a theoretical basis for the identification of its origin.The Leica M205A microscopic camera was used to finish the image acquisition of characteristic inclusions in blue sapphires from Australia. Laser Raman spectrometer was used to test inclusion composition.The result showed that the sapphire samples generally had obvious uneven colour distributions, healing fissures and partings. Some samples have hexagonal ribbons. Microscopic observation showed solid phase inclusions, tubular gas-liquid inclusions, fingerprint inclusions, and occasionally three-phase inclusions.Specially, some inclusions occur in the form of bicrystals.The inclusions identified by Raman spectroscopy include zircon, rutile, anatase, hematite, niobite, nepheline and CO2.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80097373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.011
Guoxing Tao, Liu Bin
The traditional granulation technology cannot meet the concise aesthetic needs of modern people and is facing extinction in the development of society because of its obvious shape of historical symbols and the complicated production process. This paper introduced the principle of traditional granulation technology, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of powder welding and liquid diffusion method in welding, and obtained the differences between plane modeling and three-dimensional modeling in welding. After continuous experiments, it was found that modern industrial auxiliary materials could improve the production efficiency and simplify the traditional granulation process. This study made new use of the ancient method, tried the non-carcass body modeling, blurred the religious history decorative pattern, implication and other patterns and symbols, and the natural forms and colours in the modern social environment are integrated into the creation.
{"title":"Creation and Exploration Based on Traditional Granulation Technology","authors":"Guoxing Tao, Liu Bin","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional granulation technology cannot meet the concise aesthetic needs of modern people and is facing extinction in the development of society because of its obvious shape of historical symbols and the complicated production process. This paper introduced the principle of traditional granulation technology, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of powder welding and liquid diffusion method in welding, and obtained the differences between plane modeling and three-dimensional modeling in welding. After continuous experiments, it was found that modern industrial auxiliary materials could improve the production efficiency and simplify the traditional granulation process. This study made new use of the ancient method, tried the non-carcass body modeling, blurred the religious history decorative pattern, implication and other patterns and symbols, and the natural forms and colours in the modern social environment are integrated into the creation.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73794739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.010
Chen Qingliu, Gao Hancheng
Taishan area is rich in jade and tourism resources. After years of development, it has formed a certain scale and a series of paths including raw jade material mining, production and processing, product design, production and sales etc. Through continuous investigation, it is found that the jade industry in this region is scattered, and there is no dense jade industry with a certain competitive brand. The main problems are : (1) The expression form of Taishan jade products are simple and the product creativity and innovation is insufficient and lack of vitality; (2) Lack of professional talents; (3) Lack of influential brand and the added value of Taishan jade products is low; (4) Limited product sales, communication and promotion mechanism, narrow radiation area and other problems. Based on the above problems, this paper investigates the status quo of Taishan jade products, and discusses the integration of regional tourism resources to increase the added value of products and the innovation of product design and development model. And to explore and practice ways to address the lack of creative innovation in Taishan jade products, which may provide reference for the design and innovation of Taishan jade products, in the hope of helping the development of Taishan jade industry and make the Taishan jade culture "come to live and become famous".
{"title":"Status Quo of Taishan Jade Product in Jiangmen and Its Practice of Creative Innovation","authors":"Chen Qingliu, Gao Hancheng","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"Taishan area is rich in jade and tourism resources. After years of development, it has formed a certain scale and a series of paths including raw jade material mining, production and processing, product design, production and sales etc. Through continuous investigation, it is found that the jade industry in this region is scattered, and there is no dense jade industry with a certain competitive brand. The main problems are : (1) The expression form of Taishan jade products are simple and the product creativity and innovation is insufficient and lack of vitality; (2) Lack of professional talents; (3) Lack of influential brand and the added value of Taishan jade products is low; (4) Limited product sales, communication and promotion mechanism, narrow radiation area and other problems. Based on the above problems, this paper investigates the status quo of Taishan jade products, and discusses the integration of regional tourism resources to increase the added value of products and the innovation of product design and development model. And to explore and practice ways to address the lack of creative innovation in Taishan jade products, which may provide reference for the design and innovation of Taishan jade products, in the hope of helping the development of Taishan jade industry and make the Taishan jade culture \"come to live and become famous\".","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83836442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.002
Zhou Qingchao, Liu Hao, A. Shen
In conventional gem identification methods, whether the emeralds turn red under the Chelsea filter can be used as an auxiliary evidence for emerald identification, but this identification standard has limitations. In order to more accurately describe the colour changes of emeralds under the Chelsea filter, this article applied the colorimetry method to convert the transmittance spectra that passed through the Charles filter into chromaticity coordinates. Thus, the colour changes of emeralds under Chelsea filter can be presented in the form of data. This article first studied the influence of testing angle of spectra, contact way between emerald and Chelsea filter, and model difference of Chelsea filters and other factors on the emerald's chromaticity under Chelsea filter. Then, the optical loss was analyzed during the process of passing through the Chelsea filter. Based on the optical loss, the modulation algorithm of the Chelsea filter for emeralds' spectra was established. The distribution of colour coordinates on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram corresponding to the natural emerald and synthetic emerald spectra modulated by Chelsea filter is identifiable. The location distribution of chromaticity coordinates can be used as a basis to distinguish natural emeralds from synthetic emeralds to a certain extent.
{"title":"Chromaticity Study of Emerald under Chelsea Filter","authors":"Zhou Qingchao, Liu Hao, A. Shen","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional gem identification methods, whether the emeralds turn red under the Chelsea filter can be used as an auxiliary evidence for emerald identification, but this identification standard has limitations. In order to more accurately describe the colour changes of emeralds under the Chelsea filter, this article applied the colorimetry method to convert the transmittance spectra that passed through the Charles filter into chromaticity coordinates. Thus, the colour changes of emeralds under Chelsea filter can be presented in the form of data. This article first studied the influence of testing angle of spectra, contact way between emerald and Chelsea filter, and model difference of Chelsea filters and other factors on the emerald's chromaticity under Chelsea filter. Then, the optical loss was analyzed during the process of passing through the Chelsea filter. Based on the optical loss, the modulation algorithm of the Chelsea filter for emeralds' spectra was established. The distribution of colour coordinates on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram corresponding to the natural emerald and synthetic emerald spectra modulated by Chelsea filter is identifiable. The location distribution of chromaticity coordinates can be used as a basis to distinguish natural emeralds from synthetic emeralds to a certain extent.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88788422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.004
L. Jia, Diao Jingru, He Chong
The gemmological characteristics of a kind of sapphire that is associated with purple spinel were studied by EDXRF, Raman spectrometer, and fluorescence spectrometer. The sapphire sample contains 99.56% of Al2O3 and a certain amount of SiO2, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3, Ga2O3, etc.Raman spectra showed that the colourless region is sapphire and the purple region is spinel; the inclusions are irregular and regular hexagonal solid graphite inclusion, gas inclusion that contains CO2, liquid inclusion that contains CH4, healing crack, etc. Fluorescence spectra showed no fluorescence in the colourless and purple substrate, and the peak positions of the fluorescence center of the luminescent part were near 440 nm and 460 nm. With the change of excitation wavelength from 365 nm to 390 nm, the red shift of the fluorescence center occurs. The relative intensity of the fluorescence center at 440 nm and 460 nm changed from strong to weak.
{"title":"Gemmological Characteristic of Spinel Associated Colourless Sapphire","authors":"L. Jia, Diao Jingru, He Chong","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"The gemmological characteristics of a kind of sapphire that is associated with purple spinel were studied by EDXRF, Raman spectrometer, and fluorescence spectrometer. The sapphire sample contains 99.56% of Al2O3 and a certain amount of SiO2, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3, Ga2O3, etc.Raman spectra showed that the colourless region is sapphire and the purple region is spinel; the inclusions are irregular and regular hexagonal solid graphite inclusion, gas inclusion that contains CO2, liquid inclusion that contains CH4, healing crack, etc. Fluorescence spectra showed no fluorescence in the colourless and purple substrate, and the peak positions of the fluorescence center of the luminescent part were near 440 nm and 460 nm. With the change of excitation wavelength from 365 nm to 390 nm, the red shift of the fluorescence center occurs. The relative intensity of the fluorescence center at 440 nm and 460 nm changed from strong to weak.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73589491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.007
Dong Linling
The oxygen content and colour change characteristics of blood amber from Myanmar in different colours were nondestructively tested by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.The infrared spectroscopy testing results showed that the relative oxygen content of blood amber from Myanmar increases with its colour deepening, which suggests that the colour saturation was basically positively correlated with the oxygen content.With comparasion study of ultraviolet-visible spectra, the darker the colour of the samples, the closer its reflection curve inflection point is to the red end of the spectrum, i.e. the wavelength corresponding to the inflection point of the reflection curve appears "red shift" phenomenon; with the yellow tone deepening, the lightness increases, while the lightness decreases when the samples' colour transition from orange-ish red to brownish red. Combining the colour parameters of blood amber with oxygen content, it can be infered that the oxygen element is the main cause of the blood amber colour changes from orange-ish red to brownish red.
{"title":"Oxygen Content and Colour Change Characteristic of Blood Amber from Myanmar","authors":"Dong Linling","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen content and colour change characteristics of blood amber from Myanmar in different colours were nondestructively tested by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.The infrared spectroscopy testing results showed that the relative oxygen content of blood amber from Myanmar increases with its colour deepening, which suggests that the colour saturation was basically positively correlated with the oxygen content.With comparasion study of ultraviolet-visible spectra, the darker the colour of the samples, the closer its reflection curve inflection point is to the red end of the spectrum, i.e. the wavelength corresponding to the inflection point of the reflection curve appears \"red shift\" phenomenon; with the yellow tone deepening, the lightness increases, while the lightness decreases when the samples' colour transition from orange-ish red to brownish red. Combining the colour parameters of blood amber with oxygen content, it can be infered that the oxygen element is the main cause of the blood amber colour changes from orange-ish red to brownish red.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89592377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.008
Y. Lu, D. Hui, Li Liujie, Cao Suqiao, Wang Feng, Guo Lianqiao, Yu Zhen
To explore the identification characteristics of purple jadeite that is treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing, the gem microscope, refractometer, UV-Vis-NIR spectropho-tometer, XRF spectrometer, DiamondViewTM, FTIR and Raman spectrometer were used. The results showed that the internal structure of the purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing was destroyed, and epoxy resin was detected by infrared spectrometer and Raman spectrometer. Strong Raman peak at 1 596 cm-1 could be the characteristic peak of dyes. Luminescent images showed the characteristic blue-violet fluorescence of the polymers formed by epoxy resin and organic dyes. The UV-Vis spectra of the purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing showed the absorption band of 200-350 nm, the absorption peak at 409 nm and the absorption band near 569 nm.The internal structure of the jadeite stained by the purple polishing powder was not damaged, and the purple colour only stained on the surface since the powder particles only remained on the surface. The luminescent images showed pinkish purple fluorescence, which was caused by the purple polishing powder. The strong central absorption band at 558 nm and the weak central absorption band at 611 nm can be seen in the UV-Vis spectra, which are different from the natural purple jadeite.
{"title":"Identification Characteristic of Purple Jadeite Treated with Bleaching, Filling and Dyeing","authors":"Y. Lu, D. Hui, Li Liujie, Cao Suqiao, Wang Feng, Guo Lianqiao, Yu Zhen","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the identification characteristics of purple jadeite that is treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing, the gem microscope, refractometer, UV-Vis-NIR spectropho-tometer, XRF spectrometer, DiamondViewTM, FTIR and Raman spectrometer were used. The results showed that the internal structure of the purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing was destroyed, and epoxy resin was detected by infrared spectrometer and Raman spectrometer. Strong Raman peak at 1 596 cm-1 could be the characteristic peak of dyes. Luminescent images showed the characteristic blue-violet fluorescence of the polymers formed by epoxy resin and organic dyes. The UV-Vis spectra of the purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing showed the absorption band of 200-350 nm, the absorption peak at 409 nm and the absorption band near 569 nm.The internal structure of the jadeite stained by the purple polishing powder was not damaged, and the purple colour only stained on the surface since the powder particles only remained on the surface. The luminescent images showed pinkish purple fluorescence, which was caused by the purple polishing powder. The strong central absorption band at 558 nm and the weak central absorption band at 611 nm can be seen in the UV-Vis spectra, which are different from the natural purple jadeite.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90877674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.006
L. Lei, Shen Andy Hsitien
Recently, a kind of "recrystallized emerald" that claims to be created from natural emerald powder appeared in the market. In order to figure out its identification characteristics, on the basis of conventional gemmological testing, several other testing instruments were used, such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, and laser Raman spectrometer. The gemmological characteristics, chemical compositions and spectroscopy characteristics of 6 "recrystallized emerald" samples were tested. The inclusions of the samples include water-ripple pattern, gas-liquid two-phase inclusion, and healed cracks. The chemical composition of the sample is w(Al2O3)=18.48%~18.79%, w(SiO2)= 65.93%~66.19%, and w(Be)=49 700×10-6~50 700×10-6. The trace elements are rich in V and poor in Fe. The infrared spectra of the samples showed absorption peaks at 2 326, 5 102, 5 272, 5 456, 6 817, 7 143 cm-1 and a wide absorption band in the range of 4 000~3 400 cm-1, which indicates that the samples contain both type Ⅰ water and type Ⅱ water. The UV-Vis spectra of the samples showed absorption of Cr3+, Fe3+ and V3+in one category, and absorption of Cr3+ and V3+ in the other. Raman spectra of the samples showed the Be-O telescopic vibration (1 067 cm-1), deformation vibration of Si-O-Si (683 cm-1) and lattice vibration (321.5 cm-1). The results showed that the characteristics of the "recrystallized emeralds" accord with the characteristics of hydrothermal synthetic emeralds, and no evidence indicates natural genesis. The so-called "recrystallized emerald" is more a gimmick for businesses to attract customers. The "recrystallized emerald" should be correctly named as synthetic emerald.
{"title":"Identification Characteristic of \"Recrystallized Snythetic Emerald\"","authors":"L. Lei, Shen Andy Hsitien","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a kind of \"recrystallized emerald\" that claims to be created from natural emerald powder appeared in the market. In order to figure out its identification characteristics, on the basis of conventional gemmological testing, several other testing instruments were used, such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, and laser Raman spectrometer. The gemmological characteristics, chemical compositions and spectroscopy characteristics of 6 \"recrystallized emerald\" samples were tested. The inclusions of the samples include water-ripple pattern, gas-liquid two-phase inclusion, and healed cracks. The chemical composition of the sample is w(Al2O3)=18.48%~18.79%, w(SiO2)= 65.93%~66.19%, and w(Be)=49 700×10-6~50 700×10-6. The trace elements are rich in V and poor in Fe. The infrared spectra of the samples showed absorption peaks at 2 326, 5 102, 5 272, 5 456, 6 817, 7 143 cm-1 and a wide absorption band in the range of 4 000~3 400 cm-1, which indicates that the samples contain both type Ⅰ water and type Ⅱ water. The UV-Vis spectra of the samples showed absorption of Cr3+, Fe3+ and V3+in one category, and absorption of Cr3+ and V3+ in the other. Raman spectra of the samples showed the Be-O telescopic vibration (1 067 cm-1), deformation vibration of Si-O-Si (683 cm-1) and lattice vibration (321.5 cm-1). The results showed that the characteristics of the \"recrystallized emeralds\" accord with the characteristics of hydrothermal synthetic emeralds, and no evidence indicates natural genesis. The so-called \"recrystallized emerald\" is more a gimmick for businesses to attract customers. The \"recrystallized emerald\" should be correctly named as synthetic emerald.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84874412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.005
Jia Qiong, LI Guogui, Li Xueming, X. Yao, Wang Hailong, Luo Junqi
The aquamarine samples were collected from gem factories and jewelry markets, and the gemmological characteristics, infrared spectra and fluorescence images were tested and analyzed. The results showed that blue flashes and bubles can be seen in the sample when magnified. Infrared spectra showed a group of absorption peaks related to epoxy resin near 2 879, 2 932, 2 962, 3 035 cm-1 and 3 055 cm-1indicating that the samples have been filled. Through magnification, cracks can be seen on the surface of the samples. The fluorescence images under DiamondViewTM showed that bluish white fluorescence interlaces densely in the sample. The micro-infrared spectra showed the absorption peaks related to epoxy resin in the central area of sample slices, indicating that the sample structure was damaged and the filling degree was serious. Such samples should be named "bleached and filled aquamarine" according to the China national standard Gems-Nomenclature.
{"title":"Characteristic and Identification of Bleached and Filled Aquamarine","authors":"Jia Qiong, LI Guogui, Li Xueming, X. Yao, Wang Hailong, Luo Junqi","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"The aquamarine samples were collected from gem factories and jewelry markets, and the gemmological characteristics, infrared spectra and fluorescence images were tested and analyzed. The results showed that blue flashes and bubles can be seen in the sample when magnified. Infrared spectra showed a group of absorption peaks related to epoxy resin near 2 879, 2 932, 2 962, 3 035 cm-1 and 3 055 cm-1indicating that the samples have been filled. Through magnification, cracks can be seen on the surface of the samples. The fluorescence images under DiamondViewTM showed that bluish white fluorescence interlaces densely in the sample. The micro-infrared spectra showed the absorption peaks related to epoxy resin in the central area of sample slices, indicating that the sample structure was damaged and the filling degree was serious. Such samples should be named \"bleached and filled aquamarine\" according to the China national standard Gems-Nomenclature.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86411032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.009
Gao Zhongqi, Yu Haiyang
The supply and demand of the market affect the use value of gemstone. Only sustainable and stable supply of the gemstone resource can continuously promote the consumption and meet the demand of the consumers, thus promot the realization of the gemstone value. In this paper, peridot was taken as the main research object, through extensive literature analysis, the development and change of supply-demand relationship of ancient and modern peridot was reviewed.By analyze the supply-demand relationship trend of red spinel which has the similar historical position and development process of peridot, this paper analyzed the reasons why the peridot is undervalued and its future value improvement. The results showed that the historical instability in the supply of peridot was the main reason of the decline in its popularity, and the serious of underestimation of its value today. At present, the newly discovered Yiqisong Nanshan Peridot Mine in China can provide a consistent and stable supply to the global peridot market, and the four advantages of untreated peridot products meet the needs of the Chinese and even global consumers. It can be predicted that with the stable exploitation of Yiqisong Nanshan Peridot Mine in China, the global peridot market will be continuously and stably supplied, and the peridot can gradually get rid of the current undervalued situation and return to its historical status. The research takes peridot as an example and provides a case of how gemstone supply impacts the demand and its value for the gemstone industry supply, demand and value of gemstone.
{"title":"The Analysis of Supply, Demand and Market Value of Gemstones: Taking Peridot as An Example","authors":"Gao Zhongqi, Yu Haiyang","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"The supply and demand of the market affect the use value of gemstone. Only sustainable and stable supply of the gemstone resource can continuously promote the consumption and meet the demand of the consumers, thus promot the realization of the gemstone value. In this paper, peridot was taken as the main research object, through extensive literature analysis, the development and change of supply-demand relationship of ancient and modern peridot was reviewed.By analyze the supply-demand relationship trend of red spinel which has the similar historical position and development process of peridot, this paper analyzed the reasons why the peridot is undervalued and its future value improvement. The results showed that the historical instability in the supply of peridot was the main reason of the decline in its popularity, and the serious of underestimation of its value today. At present, the newly discovered Yiqisong Nanshan Peridot Mine in China can provide a consistent and stable supply to the global peridot market, and the four advantages of untreated peridot products meet the needs of the Chinese and even global consumers. It can be predicted that with the stable exploitation of Yiqisong Nanshan Peridot Mine in China, the global peridot market will be continuously and stably supplied, and the peridot can gradually get rid of the current undervalued situation and return to its historical status. The research takes peridot as an example and provides a case of how gemstone supply impacts the demand and its value for the gemstone industry supply, demand and value of gemstone.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87441041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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