Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.11648/j.sf.20230403.12
Teng Fei Zhang, Hai Tao Lv, Yue Ting Jin, Wen x Ting Jin, Hai Bo Wu, Qiu Sheng Li, Peng Xiang Liu, Zi Qiang Wu, Yao Zheng Zhang
: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse group of malignant tumors originating from the bile duct and other sites in the biliary tree. Effective treatment methods for CCA are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the genetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. This review focuses on the key roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in CCA tumor initiation and progression. Potential therapeutic approaches based on this pathway were also discussed. Results showed increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CCA tissues and proteins like p85α, mTOR
{"title":"Roles of the PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Mini Review","authors":"Teng Fei Zhang, Hai Tao Lv, Yue Ting Jin, Wen x Ting Jin, Hai Bo Wu, Qiu Sheng Li, Peng Xiang Liu, Zi Qiang Wu, Yao Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230403.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230403.12","url":null,"abstract":": Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse group of malignant tumors originating from the bile duct and other sites in the biliary tree. Effective treatment methods for CCA are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the genetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. This review focuses on the key roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in CCA tumor initiation and progression. Potential therapeutic approaches based on this pathway were also discussed. Results showed increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CCA tissues and proteins like p85α, mTOR","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.11648/j.sf.20230403.11
Yitagesu Tadesse, Asela Kesho, Dereje Amare
: A study of the wheat diseases importance in different locations and associated factors has been limited in Ethiopia. As a result
在埃塞俄比亚，对小麦病害在不同地区的重要性和相关因素的研究有限。结果是
{"title":"Importance of Major Diseases of Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Their Association with Altitude in the Central Part of Ethiopia","authors":"Yitagesu Tadesse, Asela Kesho, Dereje Amare","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230403.11","url":null,"abstract":": A study of the wheat diseases importance in different locations and associated factors has been limited in Ethiopia. As a result","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83520739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.11648/j.sf.20230402.12
Asela Kesho, Yitagesu Tadesse
{"title":"Tuber Yield Loss Assessment of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) Due to Late Blight (<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>) Disease in Central Highland Parts of Ethiopia","authors":"Asela Kesho, Yitagesu Tadesse","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230402.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75552521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.11648/j.sf.20230401.12
Mohammed Ibrahim Daabo, Valentine Aveyom
: In computer arithmetic, one of the most important things to consider in hardware design is the ability of the system to detect and display numbers with their signs. This when properly managed will reduce errors and ensure hardware reliability. But interestingly, detecting and knowing the sign of a residue number during arithmetic operation is very difficult. Magnitude Comparison, Scaling and Number conversions are some of the other difficult operations in Residue Number System (RNS). Unlike the weighted number system, it is even extremely difficult to determine the sign of a number in an RNS architecture thereby hampering the full implementation RNS in general purpose computing. In this paper, an efficient sign detection algorithm for detecting the sign of a number in an RNS architecture is presented. In formulating the algorithms, X maximum, (X max ) is computed from the Dynamic Range, M=∏ ki=1 (m i ). Modular Computation Technique is employed as a converter to compute X from the residues (r 1 , r 2 , r 3 ) with respect to a given moduli set, say (cid:1) = { (cid:2) 1 , (cid:2) 2 …, (cid:2) n }. X is positive if X-X max <0 otherwise X is negative and the actual value is this case is computed as X-M. The moduli set {2 n -1, 2 n , 2 n +1, 2 (n+1) -1, 2 2n -5} is used for the system design implementation and for numerical illustrations. It is observed that the scheme effectively detects the sign of RNS numbers and theoretical analysis showed that simple hardware resources and low-power modular adders are used in the design. It is also observed that the scheme when implemented practically can help project RNS to be used in general purpose computing.
当前位置在计算机算法中，硬件设计中要考虑的最重要的事情之一是系统检测和显示数字及其符号的能力。如果管理得当，这将减少错误并确保硬件可靠性。但有趣的是，在算术运算中检测和知道残数的符号是非常困难的。在剩余数系统(RNS)中，数量级比较、缩放和数转换是比较困难的操作。与加权数字系统不同，在RNS体系结构中确定数字的符号甚至极其困难，从而阻碍了RNS在通用计算中的全面实现。本文提出了一种用于RNS体系结构中数字符号检测的高效符号检测算法。在制定算法时，X最大值，(X max)从动态范围，M=∏ki=1 (M i)计算。采用模计算技术作为一种转换器，从给定模集的残数(r 1, r 2, r 3)计算X，如(cid:1) = {(cid:2) 1， (cid:2) 2…，(cid:2) n}。如果X-X max <0，则X为正，否则X为负，实际值在这种情况下计算为X- m。模集{2n - 1,2n, 2n, 2n + 1,2 (n+1) - 1,2,2n -5}用于系统设计实现和数值说明。理论分析表明，该方案有效地检测了RNS数的符号，设计中使用了简单的硬件资源和低功耗的模块化加法器。该方案在实际应用中可以帮助项目RNS在通用计算中得到应用。
{"title":"Efficient Sign-Detection-Scheme Using Modular Computation Technique for the Moduli Set {2<sup>n</sup>-1, 2<sup>n</sup>, 2<sup>n</sup>+1, 2<sup>(n+1)</sup>-1, 2<sup>2n</sup>-5}","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim Daabo, Valentine Aveyom","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230401.12","url":null,"abstract":": In computer arithmetic, one of the most important things to consider in hardware design is the ability of the system to detect and display numbers with their signs. This when properly managed will reduce errors and ensure hardware reliability. But interestingly, detecting and knowing the sign of a residue number during arithmetic operation is very difficult. Magnitude Comparison, Scaling and Number conversions are some of the other difficult operations in Residue Number System (RNS). Unlike the weighted number system, it is even extremely difficult to determine the sign of a number in an RNS architecture thereby hampering the full implementation RNS in general purpose computing. In this paper, an efficient sign detection algorithm for detecting the sign of a number in an RNS architecture is presented. In formulating the algorithms, X maximum, (X max ) is computed from the Dynamic Range, M=∏ ki=1 (m i ). Modular Computation Technique is employed as a converter to compute X from the residues (r 1 , r 2 , r 3 ) with respect to a given moduli set, say (cid:1) = { (cid:2) 1 , (cid:2) 2 …, (cid:2) n }. X is positive if X-X max <0 otherwise X is negative and the actual value is this case is computed as X-M. The moduli set {2 n -1, 2 n , 2 n +1, 2 (n+1) -1, 2 2n -5} is used for the system design implementation and for numerical illustrations. It is observed that the scheme effectively detects the sign of RNS numbers and theoretical analysis showed that simple hardware resources and low-power modular adders are used in the design. It is also observed that the scheme when implemented practically can help project RNS to be used in general purpose computing.","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-25DOI: 10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.10.4
Jia Dewen
{"title":"Essentials for soil and water conservation in ecosystem management","authors":"Jia Dewen","doi":"10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"17 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89242751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-25DOI: 10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.7
Zhang Xiaoxu, Su Shangguo, Li Meiyu, Wang Weizhu
{"title":"Characteristics and tectonic significance of the early Paleozoic syenite granite from Jinchuan, Gansu Province","authors":"Zhang Xiaoxu, Su Shangguo, Li Meiyu, Wang Weizhu","doi":"10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"27 1","pages":"283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-25DOI: 10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.4
Zhang Xiaowen, He Jiangtao, Huang Guanxing
{"title":"Iron and manganese in shallow groundwater in Shijiazhuang: Distribution characteristics and a cause analysis","authors":"Zhang Xiaowen, He Jiangtao, Huang Guanxing","doi":"10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"98 1","pages":"206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74563868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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