Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.003
Helong Yu , Liyun Han , Chengcheng Chen , Honghong Su , Qichao Niu , Ronghao Meng , Mingxuan Xue
The accurate counting of overlapping watermelon seeds is a key foundation for seed quality testing, breeding selection, resource allocation, and other processes. To improve the counting accuracy for flat and slightly overlapping seeds, we introduce LOYOLO-GC, a Lightweight Occlusion YOLO8n-based group counting model. It adopts HGNetV2 as its backbone, where HGBlocks extract multi-level features for improved learning. GhostConv replaces the standard convolution in HGBlocks, forming LightHGBlock to reduce the number of parameters by generating intrinsic and ghost feature maps with fewer kernels. In addition, a Large Separable Kernel Attention mechanism (LSKA) is used to decompose deep convolution kernels into horizontal and vertical 1D kernels, enabling efficient large kernel attention with lower computational and memory cost. After optimizing the model, we build a multi-occlusion watermelon seed dataset and employ it to develop a LOYOLO-based group counting method. The experimental results show that LOYOLO-GC outperforms SOTA models, achieving 96.08 % accuracy and 86.66 % mAP, an improvement of 0.48 % and 1.67 %, respectively. The model parameters decrease by 63.8 % and GMACs decrease by 38.9 %. Counting accuracy is also improved, with ACC increasing by 5.32 % and L-ACC increasing by 5.04 %, while MAE and RMSE are decreased by 3.68 and 3.28, respectively.
{"title":"Lightweight precision model for watermelon seed group density estimation and counting","authors":"Helong Yu , Liyun Han , Chengcheng Chen , Honghong Su , Qichao Niu , Ronghao Meng , Mingxuan Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate counting of overlapping watermelon seeds is a key foundation for seed quality testing, breeding selection, resource allocation, and other processes. To improve the counting accuracy for flat and slightly overlapping seeds, we introduce LOYOLO-GC, a Lightweight Occlusion YOLO8n-based group counting model. It adopts HGNetV2 as its backbone, where HGBlocks extract multi-level features for improved learning. GhostConv replaces the standard convolution in HGBlocks, forming LightHGBlock to reduce the number of parameters by generating intrinsic and ghost feature maps with fewer kernels. In addition, a Large Separable Kernel Attention mechanism (LSKA) is used to decompose deep convolution kernels into horizontal and vertical 1D kernels, enabling efficient large kernel attention with lower computational and memory cost. After optimizing the model, we build a multi-occlusion watermelon seed dataset and employ it to develop a LOYOLO-based group counting method. The experimental results show that LOYOLO-GC outperforms SOTA models, achieving 96.08 % accuracy and 86.66 % mAP, an improvement of 0.48 % and 1.67 %, respectively. The model parameters decrease by 63.8 % and GMACs decrease by 38.9 %. Counting accuracy is also improved, with ACC increasing by 5.32 % and L-ACC increasing by 5.04 %, while MAE and RMSE are decreased by 3.68 and 3.28, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53443,"journal":{"name":"Information Processing in Agriculture","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 565-580"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.07.002
Zhenxia Xu , Yi Zhang , Yi Zhong , Weijuan Su , Minghao Liu , Xia Xiang , Yangmin Gong
Camellia oleifera cake (COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins and crude fiber. This study employed solid-state fermentation using a compound microbial agent combined with cellulase to enhance COC's palatability and nutritional value. Single-strain fermentation identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as most effective in degrading tea saponins (46.0%) without reducing crude fiber. Optimal conditions were 0.1% inoculum, 48 h at 37 °C, with 20% sugar. For cellulase hydrolysis, the best parameters were: 50 U/g enzyme, 50 °C, 8 h, using 40-mesh sieved substrate. Combined fermentation began with enzymatic treatment followed by inoculation with a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (two strains), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The optimized conditions (0.1% inoculum, 7 days, 37 °C, 20% sugar, 50% moisture) significantly reduced anti-nutritional components and improved protein content, indicating the potential of fermented COC as a viable feed ingredient.
{"title":"Effects of compound microbial agents and cellulase on the fermentation quality and nutritional characteristics of Camellia oleifera cake","authors":"Zhenxia Xu , Yi Zhang , Yi Zhong , Weijuan Su , Minghao Liu , Xia Xiang , Yangmin Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Camellia oleifera</em> cake (COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins and crude fiber. This study employed solid-state fermentation using a compound microbial agent combined with cellulase to enhance COC's palatability and nutritional value. Single-strain fermentation identified <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> as most effective in degrading tea saponins (46.0%) without reducing crude fiber. Optimal conditions were 0.1% inoculum, 48 h at 37 °C, with 20% sugar. For cellulase hydrolysis, the best parameters were: 50 U/g enzyme, 50 °C, 8 h, using 40-mesh sieved substrate. Combined fermentation began with enzymatic treatment followed by inoculation with a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (two strains), <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Bacillus coagulans</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>. The optimized conditions (0.1% inoculum, 7 days, 37 °C, 20% sugar, 50% moisture) significantly reduced anti-nutritional components and improved protein content, indicating the potential of fermented COC as a viable feed ingredient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 286-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accurate recognition of apple leaf diseases is crucial for ensuring crop health and agricultural productivity. However, deep learning models often suffer from poor generalization across diverse environments due to variations in lighting, background complexity, and leaf appearance. To address these challenges, we proposed EConv-ViT, a novel robust generalization model integrating ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer (ViT), enhanced with Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) for superior feature extraction and DropKey to improve generalization and applied the mode on image dataset both captured in laboratory and natural environments for healthy apple leaves, alternaria blotch, grey spot, rust, and mosaic disease. The propsed EConv-ViT model was tested on an independent dataset and achieved accuracy of 99.2% on laboratory-captured image dataset and 79.3% on images captured in natural environments. The classification accuracy for EConv-ViT model exhibited 18.6%, 36.1% and 37.8% improvements compared with ViT, ConvNeXt, and ResNet50 models on a dataset captured in natural environments. EConv-ViT can effectively capture both local and global features and demonstrate its potential for the application on related automated disease monitoring systems.
{"title":"EConv-ViT: A strongly generalized apple leaf disease classification model based on the fusion of ConvNeXt and Transformer","authors":"Xin Huang , Demin Xu , Yongqiao Chen , Qian Zhang , Puyu Feng , Yuntao Ma , Qiaoxue Dong , Feng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate recognition of apple leaf diseases is crucial for ensuring crop health and agricultural productivity. However, deep learning models often suffer from poor generalization across diverse environments due to variations in lighting, background complexity, and leaf appearance. To address these challenges, we proposed EConv-ViT, a novel robust generalization model integrating ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer (ViT), enhanced with Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) for superior feature extraction and DropKey to improve generalization and applied the mode on image dataset both captured in laboratory and natural environments for healthy apple leaves, alternaria blotch, grey spot, rust, and mosaic disease. The propsed EConv-ViT model was tested on an independent dataset and achieved accuracy of 99.2% on laboratory-captured image dataset and 79.3% on images captured in natural environments. The classification accuracy for EConv-ViT model exhibited 18.6%, 36.1% and 37.8% improvements compared with ViT, ConvNeXt, and ResNet50 models on a dataset captured in natural environments. EConv-ViT can effectively capture both local and global features and demonstrate its potential for the application on related automated disease monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53443,"journal":{"name":"Information Processing in Agriculture","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 466-477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2025.03.002
Weizhong Yu , Yizheng Huang , Fang Ji , Yude Yu , Dongxian He , Zhao Li
Microbial contamination is an inevitable challenge in plant factory, posing substantial risks of economic loss and potential threats to human health if not addressed promptly. However, existing detection methods are characterized by prolonged processing times, high costs, and dependence on skilled technicians, limiting their practicality for routine monitoring. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of rapid, cost-effective, and reliable device for the quantitative monitoring of microorganisms in both the air and nutrient solutions of the plant factory. We have developed an integrated microfluidic biosensor that can be used to quantitatively monitor microbial levels in air and nutrient solutions by combining ATP bioluminescence. The biosensor was verified and calibrated through a standard ATP solution with Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution, followed by testing of the real air and nutrient solution samples from plant factories. The detection process on the microfluidic chip was automatically controlled to complete within 3 min. The consumption of ATP reaction solution and lysate for one assay was about 10 μL and 16 μL, respectively. The sensitivity of bacterial quantification was up to 6.4 × 103 CFU mL−1 with a detection range covering 4 orders of magnitude. This biosensor has been demonstrated to have similar detection accuracy with the culture counting method and enable quantitative monitoring of microorganisms in plant factory, while greatly reducing the detection cycles.
{"title":"A microfluidic biosensor for microbial quantitative monitoring of air and nutrient solution in the plant factory","authors":"Weizhong Yu , Yizheng Huang , Fang Ji , Yude Yu , Dongxian He , Zhao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial contamination is an inevitable challenge in plant factory, posing substantial risks of economic loss and potential threats to human health if not addressed promptly. However, existing detection methods are characterized by prolonged processing times, high costs, and dependence on skilled technicians, limiting their practicality for routine monitoring. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of rapid, cost-effective, and reliable device for the quantitative monitoring of microorganisms in both the air and nutrient solutions of the plant factory. We have developed an integrated microfluidic biosensor that can be used to quantitatively monitor microbial levels in air and nutrient solutions by combining ATP bioluminescence. The biosensor was verified and calibrated through a standard ATP solution with <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> bacterial solution, followed by testing of the real air and nutrient solution samples from plant factories. The detection process on the microfluidic chip was automatically controlled to complete within 3 min. The consumption of ATP reaction solution and lysate for one assay was about 10 μL and 16 μL, respectively. The sensitivity of bacterial quantification was up to 6.4 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> with a detection range covering 4 orders of magnitude. This biosensor has been demonstrated to have similar detection accuracy with the culture counting method and enable quantitative monitoring of microorganisms in plant factory, while greatly reducing the detection cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53443,"journal":{"name":"Information Processing in Agriculture","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2025.09.004
Gedi Liu , Keyang Zhong , Huilin Li , Tao Chen , Yang Wang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “A state of art review on time series forecasting with machine learning for environmental parameters in agricultural greenhouses” [Inf. Process. Agric. 11(2) (2024) 143–162]","authors":"Gedi Liu , Keyang Zhong , Huilin Li , Tao Chen , Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53443,"journal":{"name":"Information Processing in Agriculture","volume":"12 4","pages":"Page 595"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soybean is a vital nutritional resource rich in protein, oil, vitamins, and minerals, serving as a leading global source of vegetable oil and helping combat undernourishment, especially in developing countries like Cameroon, where over 24 % of the population faces food insecurity. However, insufficient nutrients can severely hinder the formation of fruiting bodies, resulting in yields as low as one ton per hectare. This study explores the potential of enhancing nitrogen nutrition through Rhizobium bacteria to improve nodulation rates and overall soybean productivity. The objective was to assess the effects of various Rhizobium isolates on the productivity, physicochemical properties, and nutritional quality of soybeans, essential for agricultural development and food security. The experiment was carried out at IRAD Mbalmayo from March–July and September–November 2022. The experimental set-up was a completely randomized block design replicated thrice. Each replicate consisted of three elementary plots separated by 1 m. Crops were planted at 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants. Five treatments: control (S0), Rhizobium isolate No.1 (S1), Rhizobium isolate No.2 (S2), NoduMax (S3), NPK: 20-10-10 (S4), were applied to three varieties: V1 (TGX 1910–14F), V2 (MAKSOY 4N), V3 (TGX 1835 10E). Results showed that seed emergence rates varied from 69% to 99% among soybean varieties, with no significant differences across treatments. Notably, Rhizobium inoculation, particularly with isolate 2, significantly boosted growth, leading to greater plant height, leaf count, and flowering duration. The highest plant height recorded was 35.3 cm in the V2S2 treatment, while V1S2 had the highest number of leaves, reaching 43.73, at P = 0.05. Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements, achieving 2.9 tons per hectare, with increased pod and seed formation. Analysis of treated plants revealed variations in nitrogen, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content, underscoring the positive impact of inoculation. For example, lipid content ranged from 15.7% in V1S0 to 25.1% in V1S2, while the highest protein levels were recorded in V2S2 and V1S2. These results underscore the potential of Rhizobium inoculation as a sustainable strategy to enhance soybean production and contribute to food security.
{"title":"Enhancement of soybean productivity and nutritional properties by use of exogenous Rhizobium isolates","authors":"Victorine Lombeko Obe Tomo , Angéle Ndogho Pegalopo , Danielle Christelle Tinak Ekom , Bétina Djamouo Mbadjoun , Etienne Akoutou Mvondo , Clive Neba Akongnwi , Gaël Chatue Chatue , Christopher Suh , Zachée Ambang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean is a vital nutritional resource rich in protein, oil, vitamins, and minerals, serving as a leading global source of vegetable oil and helping combat undernourishment, especially in developing countries like Cameroon, where over 24 % of the population faces food insecurity. However, insufficient nutrients can severely hinder the formation of fruiting bodies, resulting in yields as low as one ton per hectare. This study explores the potential of enhancing nitrogen nutrition through <em>Rhizobium</em> bacteria to improve nodulation rates and overall soybean productivity. The objective was to assess the effects of various <em>Rhizobium</em> isolates on the productivity, physicochemical properties, and nutritional quality of soybeans, essential for agricultural development and food security. The experiment was carried out at IRAD Mbalmayo from March–July and September–November 2022. The experimental set-up was a completely randomized block design replicated thrice. Each replicate consisted of three elementary plots separated by 1 m. Crops were planted at 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants. Five treatments: control (S0), <em>Rhizobium</em> isolate No.1 (S1), <em>Rhizobium</em> isolate No.2 (S2), NoduMax (S3), NPK: 20-10-10 (S4), were applied to three varieties: V1 (TGX 1910–14F), V2 (MAKSOY 4N), V3 (TGX 1835 10E). Results showed that seed emergence rates varied from 69% to 99% among soybean varieties, with no significant differences across treatments. Notably, <em>Rhizobium</em> inoculation, particularly with isolate 2, significantly boosted growth, leading to greater plant height, leaf count, and flowering duration. The highest plant height recorded was 35.3 cm in the V2S2 treatment, while V1S2 had the highest number of leaves, reaching 43.73, at <em>P</em> = 0.05. Inoculated plants showed substantial yield improvements, achieving 2.9 tons per hectare, with increased pod and seed formation. Analysis of treated plants revealed variations in nitrogen, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content, underscoring the positive impact of inoculation. For example, lipid content ranged from 15.7% in V1S0 to 25.1% in V1S2, while the highest protein levels were recorded in V2S2 and V1S2. These results underscore the potential of Rhizobium inoculation as a sustainable strategy to enhance soybean production and contribute to food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.001
Saleema Matusin , Ellia Kartini Mujar , Annie Christianus , Norazrin Ariffin , Annas Salleh , Chen Fei Low , Chou Min Chong , Ina Salwany Md Yasin , Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar , Yuzine Esa , Beng Chu Kua
The continuous intensification of climate change exposes hybrid grouper to fluctuating temperatures, affecting physiology, immunity, and overall performance. This study investigates the molecular, biochemical, and histological responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) exposed to one day (21–33 °C) and five days (22–31 °C) temperature fluctuations. Sub-adult fish (20.95 ± 0.64 cm) were grouped into acute (A), tolerant (R), and sensitive (S) categories based on behavioural responses such as feeding and swimming behaviours. Skin transcriptome profiling revealed that the DEGs were most significantly enriched in genetic information processing networks, including pathways involved in folding, sorting and degradation, translation, and transcription. Genes involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (skp1, ero1a, rpn2) were significantly upregulated in A vs C and R vs C groups, while genes involved in energy metabolism were significantly upregulated in S vs C group. However, genes involved in the ribosome pathway (rpl22, rps15, rpl9, rps21, rpl12, rpl19) were significantly downregulated across all three comparison groups. Biochemical markers, including elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) levels and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity indicate metabolic disturbances. Histopathological alterations included hepatocytic vacuolation, inflammatory infiltration in the liver, and melanomacrophage aggregation in the spleen and head kidney, indicating systemic stress and immune activation. This integrated analysis reveals significant molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying thermal stress responses in hybrid grouper. The identified genes, pathways, and biomarkers offer valuable insights for improving stress resilience and guiding management strategies in aquaculture under climate change.
气候变化的持续加剧使杂交石斑鱼暴露在波动的温度下，影响生理、免疫和整体性能。研究了杂交石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus）在1天（21-33℃）和5天（22-31℃）温度波动下的分子、生化和组织学反应。根据进食和游动行为等行为反应，将亚成鱼（20.95±0.64 cm）分为急性(A)、耐受(R)和敏感(S)三类。皮肤转录组分析显示，deg在遗传信息处理网络中富集最为显著，包括折叠、分类和降解、翻译和转录等途径。内质网蛋白加工相关基因skp1、ero1a、rpn2在A vs C和R vs C组显著上调，而与能量代谢相关基因在S vs C组显著上调。然而，参与核糖体途径的基因（rpl22、rps15、rpl9、rps21、rpl12、rpl19）在所有三个对照组中均显著下调。生化指标，包括谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和葡萄糖（GLU）水平升高和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性降低，表明代谢紊乱。组织病理学改变包括肝细胞空泡化，肝脏炎症浸润，脾脏和头肾黑素巨噬细胞聚集，表明全身应激和免疫激活。这一综合分析揭示了杂交石斑鱼热应激反应的重要分子和生理机制。所鉴定的基因、途径和生物标志物为提高气候变化条件下水产养殖的应激恢复能力和指导管理策略提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Temperature stress alters transcriptomic and physiological responses in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Saleema Matusin , Ellia Kartini Mujar , Annie Christianus , Norazrin Ariffin , Annas Salleh , Chen Fei Low , Chou Min Chong , Ina Salwany Md Yasin , Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar , Yuzine Esa , Beng Chu Kua","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous intensification of climate change exposes hybrid grouper to fluctuating temperatures, affecting physiology, immunity, and overall performance. This study investigates the molecular, biochemical, and histological responses of hybrid grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em> × <em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>) exposed to one day (21–33 °C) and five days (22–31 °C) temperature fluctuations. Sub-adult fish (20.95 ± 0.64 cm) were grouped into acute (A), tolerant (R), and sensitive (S) categories based on behavioural responses such as feeding and swimming behaviours. Skin transcriptome profiling revealed that the DEGs were most significantly enriched in genetic information processing networks, including pathways involved in folding, sorting and degradation, translation, and transcription. Genes involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (<em>skp1, ero1a, rpn2</em>) were significantly upregulated in A vs C and R vs C groups, while genes involved in energy metabolism were significantly upregulated in S vs C group. However, genes involved in the ribosome pathway (<em>rpl22</em>, <em>rps15</em>, <em>rpl9</em>, <em>rps21</em>, <em>rpl12</em>, <em>rpl19</em>) were significantly downregulated across all three comparison groups. Biochemical markers, including elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) levels and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity indicate metabolic disturbances. Histopathological alterations included hepatocytic vacuolation, inflammatory infiltration in the liver, and melanomacrophage aggregation in the spleen and head kidney, indicating systemic stress and immune activation. This integrated analysis reveals significant molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying thermal stress responses in hybrid grouper. The identified genes, pathways, and biomarkers offer valuable insights for improving stress resilience and guiding management strategies in aquaculture under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 519-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.003
Dahai Gao , Yan Zhang , Hongchang Ding , Xinghong Yan
Several strains with long-type blade have been isolated from Pyropia suborbiculata, showing application potential for commercial Pyropia cultivation. In this study, using strain PS-M4 of P. suborbiculata, the effects of temperatures and light levels on conchocelis growth, conchosporangia formation, and conchospores release, were examined. The optimal conditions for conchocelis growth were 24 °C and 30–40 μmol photons/(m2·s), whereas the conchosporangia formation ratio peaked at 30 °C and 10–20 μmol photons/(m2·s), yielding the highest conchospore release under these conditions. Compared with strain PH-WT10 of P. haitanensis, the conchocelis of PS-M4 displayed higher thermotolerance and superior conchospore yield. These attributes underscore the suitability of PS-M4 for convenient and climate-resilient conchocelis cultivation.
{"title":"Effects of temperature and light level on the growth and development of conchocelis in Pyropia suborbiculata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)","authors":"Dahai Gao , Yan Zhang , Hongchang Ding , Xinghong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several strains with long-type blade have been isolated from <em>Pyropia suborbiculata</em>, showing application potential for commercial <em>Pyropia</em> cultivation. In this study, using strain <em>PS-M4</em> of <em>P. suborbiculata</em>, the effects of temperatures and light levels on conchocelis growth, conchosporangia formation, and conchospores release, were examined. The optimal conditions for conchocelis growth were 24 °C and 30–40 μmol photons/(m<sup>2</sup>·s), whereas the conchosporangia formation ratio peaked at 30 °C and 10–20 μmol photons/(m<sup>2</sup>·s), yielding the highest conchospore release under these conditions. Compared with strain <em>PH-WT10</em> of <em>P. haitanensis</em>, the conchocelis of <em>PS-M4</em> displayed higher thermotolerance and superior conchospore yield. These attributes underscore the suitability of <em>PS-M4</em> for convenient and climate-resilient conchocelis cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 612-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.001
Jiban Kumar Behera , Bhaskar Behera , Manojit Bhattacharya
The most significant limiting factors in aquaculture, which comprise the majority of the rapidly expanding seafood industry, are infectious diseases of various origins, including viral, bacterial, mycotic, and parasitic infections. As a result, the global aquaculture industry has undergone a significant economic transformation in recent years. The vaccination tactics were also highly effective and affordable, protecting the fish from numerous pathogens, which is crucial for fish culture and societal issues. For over 50 years, researchers have widely recognized fish vaccination as an effective method for preventing many bacterial and viral infections. Vaccination programs enhance the environmental, social, and economic viability of global aquaculture. Science has made significant strides in both fundamental and applied research fields, opening up new paths for creating and improving innovative and efficient vaccines that protect against various infectious diseases. Therefore, recent advancement in vaccines and immunization recommend excellent opportunity to discover new vaccine alternatives these may be effective in combating viruses that cause disease in aquatic creatures. This study highlights the scientific discoveries, current understanding, and prospects for utilizing several vaccines in the aquaculture sector. This review discusses the current generation of vaccinations, including subunit, recombinant, mucosal, synthetic peptide, DNA, vectored, monovalent and polyvalent vaccine and reverse vaccinology. It also discusses the historically inactive and attenuated vaccines. This paper overview to traditional vaccines used in aquaculture and present a comprehensive outline of the more recent approaches and innovative technologies in aquaculture vaccine production.
{"title":"The present landscape of both traditional and innovative biotechnology driven vaccines for fish diseases in global aquaculture","authors":"Jiban Kumar Behera , Bhaskar Behera , Manojit Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most significant limiting factors in aquaculture, which comprise the majority of the rapidly expanding seafood industry, are infectious diseases of various origins, including viral, bacterial, mycotic, and parasitic infections. As a result, the global aquaculture industry has undergone a significant economic transformation in recent years. The vaccination tactics were also highly effective and affordable, protecting the fish from numerous pathogens, which is crucial for fish culture and societal issues. For over 50 years, researchers have widely recognized fish vaccination as an effective method for preventing many bacterial and viral infections. Vaccination programs enhance the environmental, social, and economic viability of global aquaculture. Science has made significant strides in both fundamental and applied research fields, opening up new paths for creating and improving innovative and efficient vaccines that protect against various infectious diseases. Therefore, recent advancement in vaccines and immunization recommend excellent opportunity to discover new vaccine alternatives these may be effective in combating viruses that cause disease in aquatic creatures. This study highlights the scientific discoveries, current understanding, and prospects for utilizing several vaccines in the aquaculture sector. This review discusses the current generation of vaccinations, including subunit, recombinant, mucosal, synthetic peptide, DNA, vectored, monovalent and polyvalent vaccine and reverse vaccinology. It also discusses the historically inactive and attenuated vaccines. This paper overview to traditional vaccines used in aquaculture and present a comprehensive outline of the more recent approaches and innovative technologies in aquaculture vaccine production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 423-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.002
Mohammad Sadequr Rahman Khan , Shoman Datta , Mohammad Najmul Hasan , Harun Or Rashid , Monoara Akter Lima , Abrar Shakil , Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan
Global bivalve mollusk aquaculture has grown significantly in recent decades due to their economic, ecological, nutritional, and health benefits. Despite their suitability for mariculture, clam aquaculture remains unexplored in Bangladesh. This study marks the first trial of hard clam, Meretrix meretrix aquaculture in two southeast coastal channels, Chowfaldandi and Rejukhal, using three culture systems-hapa (net cage), basket, and bag-suspended from floating bamboo rafts. The potential effect of eco-physiological parameters on growth, survival and culture systems was also evaluated. After six-month (March–September) of culture, significantly greater survival was found in hapa systems (36% and 51%) compared to baskets (2.3% and 10.7%) and bags (9.5% and 16.6%) at both sites. Covarience revealed location alone did not significantly impact survival, but culture system-location interaction was critical. Growth performance, including shell length increment and weight gain, was significantly higher in hapa systems, especially at Rejukhal. Growth correlated positively with temperature, turbidity, and phytoplankton abundance but negatively with salinity, while dissolved oxygen and pH showed no significant impact. Phytoplankton abundance was temperature-dependent and negatively affected by salinity and pH. A drop of salinity, pH and DO during monsoon rain reduced shell growth. Principal Component Analysis showed that the phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen, and temperature positively influenced growth, while salinity and pH enhanced survival. This study highlights the potential of multi-layer suspended clam culture technology to promote integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, enhance sustainability, support carbon-neutral practices, create alternative livelihoods, and alleviate pressure on wild populations in Bangladesh's coastal ecosystems.
{"title":"First-ever trial of hard clam Meretrix meretrix aquaculture in Bangladesh: Evaluation of floating platform-based hapa, basket, and bag methods with the effect of site-specific eco-physiological factors","authors":"Mohammad Sadequr Rahman Khan , Shoman Datta , Mohammad Najmul Hasan , Harun Or Rashid , Monoara Akter Lima , Abrar Shakil , Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global bivalve mollusk aquaculture has grown significantly in recent decades due to their economic, ecological, nutritional, and health benefits. Despite their suitability for mariculture, clam aquaculture remains unexplored in Bangladesh. This study marks the first trial of hard clam, <em>Meretrix meretrix</em> aquaculture in two southeast coastal channels, Chowfaldandi and Rejukhal, using three culture systems-hapa (net cage), basket, and bag-suspended from floating bamboo rafts. The potential effect of eco-physiological parameters on growth, survival and culture systems was also evaluated. After six-month (March–September) of culture, significantly greater survival was found in hapa systems (36% and 51%) compared to baskets (2.3% and 10.7%) and bags (9.5% and 16.6%) at both sites. Covarience revealed location alone did not significantly impact survival, but culture system-location interaction was critical. Growth performance, including shell length increment and weight gain, was significantly higher in hapa systems, especially at Rejukhal. Growth correlated positively with temperature, turbidity, and phytoplankton abundance but negatively with salinity, while dissolved oxygen and pH showed no significant impact. Phytoplankton abundance was temperature-dependent and negatively affected by salinity and pH. A drop of salinity, pH and DO during monsoon rain reduced shell growth. Principal Component Analysis showed that the phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen, and temperature positively influenced growth, while salinity and pH enhanced survival. This study highlights the potential of multi-layer suspended clam culture technology to promote integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, enhance sustainability, support carbon-neutral practices, create alternative livelihoods, and alleviate pressure on wild populations in Bangladesh's coastal ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 618-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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