Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant known for its neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting effects, yet its impact on early vertebrate development remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the toxicity and molecular mechanisms of Cd exposure in zebrafish embryos, a widely used model for developmental and neurotoxicological research. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 from 2 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf) to evaluate morphological changes, gene expression alterations, and behavioral effects. Exposure to concentrations ≥1 μM resulted in morphological abnormalities, including altered head shape and malformations of the swim bladder and ear, along with increased mortality, while larval growth and hatching rates were unaffected. Gene expression analyses revealed that Cd exposure dysregulated key enzymes and transporters in the dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) systems, with significant upregulation of th2 and tph2 and dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, locomotor behavior was impaired, with reduced tactile response rescued by DA and 5-HT agonists, and increased spontaneous swimming reversed by both DA and 5-HT receptor antagonists. Moreover, Cd acted as an endocrine disruptor by upregulating brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and estrogen receptor (ER) 1 (esr1), with evidence suggesting that part of its neurobehavioral toxicity is mediated through ER signaling. Altogether, our results suggest that Cd exposure disrupts neurochemical pathways and endocrine signaling during early development, leading to altered morphology and behavior in zebrafish embryos and larvae.
{"title":"Cadmium-induced disruption of monoaminergic signaling and motor behavior in developing zebrafish","authors":"Sugiyono , Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq , Mitsuyo Kishida","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant known for its neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting effects, yet its impact on early vertebrate development remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the toxicity and molecular mechanisms of Cd exposure in zebrafish embryos, a widely used model for developmental and neurotoxicological research. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of CdCl<sub>2</sub> from 2 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf) to evaluate morphological changes, gene expression alterations, and behavioral effects. Exposure to concentrations ≥1 μM resulted in morphological abnormalities, including altered head shape and malformations of the swim bladder and ear, along with increased mortality, while larval growth and hatching rates were unaffected. Gene expression analyses revealed that Cd exposure dysregulated key enzymes and transporters in the dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) systems, with significant upregulation of <em>th2</em> and <em>tph2</em> and dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, locomotor behavior was impaired, with reduced tactile response rescued by DA and 5-HT agonists, and increased spontaneous swimming reversed by both DA and 5-HT receptor antagonists. Moreover, Cd acted as an endocrine disruptor by upregulating brain aromatase (<em>cyp19a1b</em>) and estrogen receptor (ER) 1 (<em>esr1</em>), with evidence suggesting that part of its neurobehavioral toxicity is mediated through ER signaling. Altogether, our results suggest that Cd exposure disrupts neurochemical pathways and endocrine signaling during early development, leading to altered morphology and behavior in zebrafish embryos and larvae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 271-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Zhao, Hui-Qi Ying, Yi-Lei Yang, Qing-Lv Chen, Wen Lin, Zhen-Zhai Cai, Li-Miao Lin, Yang-Yang Teng
Serine incorporator (SERINC) is a family of transmembrane protein involved in lipid synthesis. Among its family members, SERINC2 has been implicated in tumor pathogenesis. Pancreatic carcinoma (PAAD), a highly malignant tumor characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, lacks effective biomarkers. To date, the association between SERINC2 and pan-cancer or tumor immunity remains unreported in the literature. Consequently, investigating the utility of SERINC2 for prognostic prediction in PAAD lays the groundwork for developing diagnostic biomarkers and SERINC2-targeted immunotherapy strategies. In this study, we used the transcriptional data in normal and tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Analysis of publicly available data (TCGA, GTEx, HPA) revealed significant SERINC2 overexpression in multiple cancers, which was associated with advanced clinicopathological stage (P<0.05). Analysis of the Genomic Stability Associated Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database revealed a significant positive correlation between copy number variation (CNV) and SERINC2 expression levels. Conversely, DNA methylation was inversely correlated with SERINC2 expression (P<0.05). Further investigation utilizing TCGA database demonstrated that SERINC2 expression was significantly associated with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, response to immunotherapy, and the extent of immune cell infiltration. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between SERINC2 expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME) score in most cancer types analyzed (P<0.05). We constructed a prognostic model for PAAD based on 25 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from the TCGA cohort using the "limma" package. This model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly distinct survival outcomes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 54 PAAD patient samples validated that high SERINC2 expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis; patients with high expression had a significantly shorter median overall survival (19.67 vs 50.52 months, P=0.029). Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for developing SERINC2-based diagnostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Potential of SERINC2 as a biomarker in tumor prognosis and immunology: analysis from pan-cancer studies.","authors":"Min Zhao, Hui-Qi Ying, Yi-Lei Yang, Qing-Lv Chen, Wen Lin, Zhen-Zhai Cai, Li-Miao Lin, Yang-Yang Teng","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serine incorporator (SERINC) is a family of transmembrane protein involved in lipid synthesis. Among its family members, SERINC2 has been implicated in tumor pathogenesis. Pancreatic carcinoma (PAAD), a highly malignant tumor characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, lacks effective biomarkers. To date, the association between SERINC2 and pan-cancer or tumor immunity remains unreported in the literature. Consequently, investigating the utility of SERINC2 for prognostic prediction in PAAD lays the groundwork for developing diagnostic biomarkers and SERINC2-targeted immunotherapy strategies. In this study, we used the transcriptional data in normal and tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Analysis of publicly available data (TCGA, GTEx, HPA) revealed significant <i>SERINC2</i> overexpression in multiple cancers, which was associated with advanced clinicopathological stage (<i>P</i><0.05). Analysis of the Genomic Stability Associated Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database revealed a significant positive correlation between copy number variation (CNV) and <i>SERINC2</i> expression levels. Conversely, DNA methylation was inversely correlated with <i>SERINC2</i> expression (<i>P</i><0.05). Further investigation utilizing TCGA database demonstrated that <i>SERINC2</i> expression was significantly associated with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, response to immunotherapy, and the extent of immune cell infiltration. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between <i>SERINC2</i> expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME) score in most cancer types analyzed (<i>P</i><0.05). We constructed a prognostic model for PAAD based on 25 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from the TCGA cohort using the \"limma\" package. This model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly distinct survival outcomes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 54 PAAD patient samples validated that high <i>SERINC2</i> expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis; patients with high expression had a significantly shorter median overall survival (19.67 <i>vs</i> 50.52 months, <i>P</i>=0.029). Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for developing SERINC2-based diagnostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"287-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate target genes to mediate NOA at present. In this study, we obtained NOA-related miRNA datasets from the GEO database and applied differential expression matrices combined with weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO regression to identify four key miRNAs. Based on the miRDB database, the target genes of these miRNAs were predicted and intersected with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NOA transcriptome datasets. This intersection resulted in the identification of 18 DEGs. The spermatogenesis score model revealed a significant positive correlation between the overall expression level of these 18 DEGs and spermatogenesis scores, suggesting their potential involvement in NOA development. These 18 DEGs were subsequently incorporated into machine learning, leading to the identification of four hub genes with high diagnostic value: MGARP, FER1L5, SNX2, and PAPOLB. In the NOA mouse model, MGARP and SNX2 were upregulated, whereas FER1L5 and PAPOLB were downregulated, consistent with the expression trends observed in the NOA datasets. These findings indicate that MGARP, FER1L5, SNX2, and PAPOLB may serve as novel biomarkers for NOA, providing a theoretical and experimental foundations for elucidating its mechanisms and improving clinical diagnosis.
{"title":"Identification of biomarkers for non-obstructive azoospermia based on microRNA and bioinformatics screening.","authors":"Zhi-Hong Li, Miao-Qi Chen, Xiao-Jun Yuan, Hua-Jun Huang, Wan-Ting Huang, Piao-Yan Zhou, Chen Zeng, Xunuo Feng, Luo-Yao Yang, Shu-Qiang Huang, Cui-Yu Tan, Cai-Rong Chen, Qiu-Xia Yan","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate target genes to mediate NOA at present. In this study, we obtained NOA-related miRNA datasets from the GEO database and applied differential expression matrices combined with weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO regression to identify four key miRNAs. Based on the miRDB database, the target genes of these miRNAs were predicted and intersected with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NOA transcriptome datasets. This intersection resulted in the identification of 18 DEGs. The spermatogenesis score model revealed a significant positive correlation between the overall expression level of these 18 DEGs and spermatogenesis scores, suggesting their potential involvement in NOA development. These 18 DEGs were subsequently incorporated into machine learning, leading to the identification of four hub genes with high diagnostic value: <i>MGARP</i>, <i>FER1L5</i>, <i>SNX2</i>, and <i>PAPOLB</i>. In the NOA mouse model, <i>MGARP</i> and <i>SNX2</i> were upregulated, whereas <i>FER1L5</i> and <i>PAPOLB</i> were downregulated, consistent with the expression trends observed in the NOA datasets. These findings indicate that <i>MGARP</i>, <i>FER1L5</i>, <i>SNX2</i>, and <i>PAPOLB</i> may serve as novel biomarkers for NOA, providing a theoretical and experimental foundations for elucidating its mechanisms and improving clinical diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"48 3","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.006
Baoyuan Zhang , Meiyan Shu , Xiaoyuan Bao , Menglei Dai , Qian Sun , Xuguang Sun , Mingzheng Zhang , Ying Ren , Zongpeng Li , Ya’nan Tian , Xia Yao , Xiaohe Gu
Lodging negatively affects wheat yield and quality. Large-scale remote sensing monitoring of wheat lodging is significant for rapidly assessing the impacts of agricultural disasters and formulating precise management strategies. Large-scale remote sensing of wheat lodging requires sufficient in-situ samples, which are faced with the challenges of high cost, low efficiency, and poor real-time performance. This study proposes a method integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite (Sentinel-2A) multispectral imagery to achieve low-cost and efficient wheat lodging monitoring. By applying a multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm for band transformation, a wheat lodging ratio (WLR) estimation model was constructed based on high-precision UAV data and migrated to satellite data. This model was used to map the distribution of wheat lodging in Henan Province, China. The MLP algorithm achieved high accuracy and stability in band transformation between UAV and Sentinel-2A imagery, with R2 values > 0.97 and RMSE values < 0.015. The SPA_XGBoost model delivered the optimal performance in UAV-based WLR monitoring, with a testing set R2 of 0.8675, RMSE of 0.0732, and NRMSE of 12.13 %. When applied to satellite imagery for WLR monitoring, the model yielded validation accuracies of R2 = 0.8458, RMSE = 0.0985, and NRMSE = 11.24 %. In addition, UAV imagery was used to generate high-accuracy reference data, thereby laying a robust foundation for model construction and transfer. This study significantly reduced the time and economic costs of acquiring ground-truth samples and offered an effective solution for large-scale remote sensing of crop lodging that balances accuracy and scale.
{"title":"Large-scale wheat lodging monitoring by band transformation of UAV and sentinel-2A multispectral imagery","authors":"Baoyuan Zhang , Meiyan Shu , Xiaoyuan Bao , Menglei Dai , Qian Sun , Xuguang Sun , Mingzheng Zhang , Ying Ren , Zongpeng Li , Ya’nan Tian , Xia Yao , Xiaohe Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lodging negatively affects wheat yield and quality. Large-scale remote sensing monitoring of wheat lodging is significant for rapidly assessing the impacts of agricultural disasters and formulating precise management strategies. Large-scale remote sensing of wheat lodging requires sufficient in-situ samples, which are faced with the challenges of high cost, low efficiency, and poor real-time performance. This study proposes a method integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite (Sentinel-2A) multispectral imagery to achieve low-cost and efficient wheat lodging monitoring. By applying a multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm for band transformation, a wheat lodging ratio (WLR) estimation model was constructed based on high-precision UAV data and migrated to satellite data. This model was used to map the distribution of wheat lodging in Henan Province, China. The MLP algorithm achieved high accuracy and stability in band transformation between UAV and Sentinel-2A imagery, with <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> values > 0.97 and RMSE values < 0.015. The SPA_XGBoost model delivered the optimal performance in UAV-based WLR monitoring, with a testing set <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> of 0.8675, RMSE of 0.0732, and NRMSE of 12.13 %. When applied to satellite imagery for WLR monitoring, the model yielded validation accuracies of <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.8458, RMSE = 0.0985, and NRMSE = 11.24 %. In addition, UAV imagery was used to generate high-accuracy reference data, thereby laying a robust foundation for model construction and transfer. This study significantly reduced the time and economic costs of acquiring ground-truth samples and offered an effective solution for large-scale remote sensing of crop lodging that balances accuracy and scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53443,"journal":{"name":"Information Processing in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147427621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During previous implementation of dark green colour index (DGCI), conventional tools were found inadequate for providing accurate nitrogen (N) recommendations in maize. In contrast, camera-based DGCI methods demonstrated greater effectiveness in predicting the in-season N requirements. To address this incongruity, maize leaf images were captured; resized; white balance corrected; followed by selection of region of interest; normalization; red, green, blue channel extraction; conversion into hue, saturation, brightness spectrum and calculation of DGCI. Simultaneously, NDVI, SPAD, LCC and leaf N% data were collected; and correlated with DGCI; followed by performance analysis; DGCI-based N prescription algorithm development; and its incorporation in “Pusa N Doctor” app developed using Android studio with JNI and Android NDK. The app validation was carried out using basal N dose of 0 kg ha−1 (N0PK), 50 kg ha−1 (N50PK), & 75 kg ha−1 (N75PK) including 2 split applications of N at 35 & 45 days after sowing (DAS) as per Pusa N Doctor & GreenSeeker™ recommendation. The treatments directed by the mobile application (app-guided) (N50PK + App and N75PK + App) were evaluated with reference to standard RDF as well as those managed using GreenSeeker™ (N50PK + GSTM and N75PK + GSTM). The N50PK + App showed at par yield attributes, stover yield (9.34 t ha−1), total biomass yield (17.17 t ha−1), grain protein yield (646.17 kg ha−1), total N uptake (145.96 kg ha−1) and remobilized vegetative N (89.8 kg ha−1) into grain with the RDF. Partial factor productivity (PFPN) and apparent recovery efficiency (AREN) of N in N50PK + App was 23% and 22.1% higher than RDF respectively. The B:C in N50PK + App (2.43) was at par with N75PK + App (2.44). N50PK + App had the lowest energy consumption (9.72% lower than RDF), highest N energy use efficiency (24.3% higher than RDF) along with the maximum energy profitability, productivity and use efficiency. N50PK + App treatment resulted in marked reductions in GHG emission compared to RDF, with 11.1% lower CO2-eq. emission ha−1, 29.4% lower N2O emission ha−1, and 11.14% lower CO2-eq. emission t−1. Thus, basal application of 50 kg ha−1 N with two splits of N (35 & 45 DAS) as per Pusa N Doctor can provide at par yield with RDF and GSTM, while simultaneously promoting N and energy use efficiency thereby, minimising GHG emission.
在以前实施深绿色指数（DGCI）期间，发现传统工具不足以提供准确的玉米氮素(N)建议。相比之下，基于相机的DGCI方法在预测当季氮需求方面表现出更大的有效性。为了解决这种不一致，玉米叶片图像被捕获；调整大小;白平衡校正；然后选择感兴趣的区域；归一化;红、绿、蓝通道提取；转换成色相、饱和度、亮度光谱并计算DGCI。同时采集NDVI、SPAD、LCC和叶片N%数据；与DGCI相关；其次是绩效分析；基于dgci的N处方算法开发并将其纳入使用JNI和Android NDK的Android studio开发的“Pusa N Doctor”应用程序。应用程序验证采用0 kg ha - 1 （N0PK）、50 kg ha - 1 （N50PK）和75 kg ha - 1 （N75PK）的基础氮剂量进行，包括根据Pusa N Doctor GreenSeeker™推荐在播种后35和45天（DAS）分两次施氮。参照标准RDF和GreenSeeker™（N50PK + GSTM和N75PK + GSTM）对移动应用程序（应用程序引导）指导的处理（N50PK + App和N75PK + App）进行评估。N50PK + App表现出同等产量特征，秸秆产量（9.34 t ha−1）、总生物量产量（17.17 t ha−1）、籽粒蛋白质产量（646.17 kg ha−1）、总氮素吸收量（145.96 kg ha−1）和再营养氮（89.8 kg ha−1）随RDF进入籽粒。N50PK + App对氮的部分要素生产率和表观回收率分别比RDF提高23%和22.1%。N50PK + App的B:C为2.43，与N75PK + App的B:C为2.44。N50PK + App的能量消耗最低（比RDF低9.72%），氮能量利用效率最高（比RDF高24.3%），能量盈利能力、生产力和利用效率最高。与RDF相比，N50PK + App处理显著减少了温室气体排放，二氧化碳当量降低了11.1%。排放量ha−1，N2O排放量ha−1降低29.4%，co2排放量降低11.14%。发射t−1。因此，根据Pusa N Doctor，基础施用50 kg ha - 1 N，分两次施氮（35 & 45 DAS），可以提供与RDF和GSTM相当的产量，同时提高氮和能源利用效率，从而最大限度地减少温室气体排放。
{"title":"An insight into productivity, profitability, and sustainable energy use in maize under precision nitrogen management using a smartphone app","authors":"Sayantika Sarkar , Pravin Kumar Upadhyay , Abir Dey , Utpal Ekka , Kapila Shekhawat , Sanjay Singh Rathore , Rajiv Kumar Singh , G.A. Rajanna , Subhash Babu , Anchal Dass , Rakesh Kumar , Rabi Narayan Sahoo , Tarik Mitran , Kancheti Mrunalini , Nikita Singh , Vijay Pooniya , Mohammad Hasanain , Navin Kumar Sharma , Md. Yeasin , Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpa.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During previous implementation of dark green colour index (DGCI), conventional tools were found inadequate for providing accurate nitrogen (N) recommendations in maize. In contrast, camera-based DGCI methods demonstrated greater effectiveness in predicting the in-season N requirements. To address this incongruity, maize leaf images were captured; resized; white balance corrected; followed by selection of region of interest; normalization; red, green, blue channel extraction; conversion into hue, saturation, brightness spectrum and calculation of DGCI. Simultaneously, NDVI, SPAD, LCC and leaf N% data were collected; and correlated with DGCI; followed by performance analysis; DGCI-based N prescription algorithm development; and its incorporation in “Pusa N Doctor” app developed using Android studio with JNI and Android NDK. The app validation was carried out using basal N dose of 0 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>0</sub>PK), 50 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>50</sub>PK), & 75 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (N<sub>75</sub>PK) including 2 split applications of N at 35 & 45 days after sowing (DAS) as per Pusa N Doctor & GreenSeeker™ recommendation. The treatments directed by the mobile application (app-guided) (N<sub>50</sub>PK + App and N<sub>75</sub>PK + App) were evaluated with reference to standard RDF as well as those managed using GreenSeeker™ (N<sub>50</sub>PK + GS<sup>TM</sup> and N<sub>75</sub>PK + GS<sup>TM</sup>). The N<sub>50</sub>PK + App showed at par yield attributes, stover yield (9.34 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), total biomass yield (17.17 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), grain protein yield (646.17 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), total N uptake (145.96 <!--> <!-->kg ha<sup>−1</sup>)<!--> <!-->and remobilized vegetative N (89.8 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) into grain<!--> <!-->with the RDF.<!--> <!-->Partial factor productivity (PFP<sub>N</sub>) and apparent recovery efficiency (ARE<sub>N</sub>) of N in N<sub>50</sub>PK + App was 23% and 22.1% higher than RDF respectively.<!--> <!-->The B:C in<!--> <!-->N<sub>50</sub>PK + App (2.43)<!--> <!-->was at par with<!--> <!-->N<sub>75</sub>PK + App (2.44). N<sub>50</sub>PK + App had the lowest energy consumption (9.72% lower than RDF), highest N energy use efficiency (24.3% higher than RDF) along with the maximum energy profitability, productivity and use efficiency. N<sub>50</sub>PK + App treatment resulted in marked reductions in GHG emission compared to RDF, with 11.1% lower CO2-eq. emission ha<sup>−1</sup>, 29.4% lower N<sub>2</sub>O emission ha<sup>−1</sup>, and 11.14% lower CO2-eq. emission t<sup>−1</sup>. Thus, basal application of 50 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> N with two splits of N (35 & 45 DAS) as per Pusa N Doctor can provide at par yield with RDF and GS<sup>TM</sup>, while simultaneously promoting N and energy use efficiency thereby, minimising GHG emission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53443,"journal":{"name":"Information Processing in Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 26-46"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147427625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.07.003
Sakiru Adebola Solarin , Carmen Lafuente , Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana , María Jesús González-Blanch
Given the nutritional relevance and health benefits of fishery products consumption, this article examines the statistical properties of fishery products consumption in 25 OECD countries from 1961 to 2017, focusing on the degree of persistence. Using a methodology based on fractional integration, we explore if mean reversion takes place in the series or, if on the contrary, shocks do have a permanent nature. The empirical results show the existence of positive time trends in the majority of countries, the only exceptions being Greece, Japan, Portugal and the UK. Mean reversion is found in 17 out of the 25 countries examined; the unit root null hypothesis cannot be rejected in 7, while Japan is the only country with an order of integration significantly higher than 1. These findings suggest that short-term measures are more effective than long-term interventions in promoting fishery products consumption in most OECD countries. The policy implications are discussed in the final part of the manuscript.
{"title":"Fishery products consumption: Evidence of persistence and trends in 25 OECD countries","authors":"Sakiru Adebola Solarin , Carmen Lafuente , Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana , María Jesús González-Blanch","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the nutritional relevance and health benefits of fishery products consumption, this article examines the statistical properties of fishery products consumption in 25 OECD countries from 1961 to 2017, focusing on the degree of persistence. Using a methodology based on fractional integration, we explore if mean reversion takes place in the series or, if on the contrary, shocks do have a permanent nature. The empirical results show the existence of positive time trends in the majority of countries, the only exceptions being Greece, Japan, Portugal and the UK. Mean reversion is found in 17 out of the 25 countries examined; the unit root null hypothesis cannot be rejected in 7, while Japan is the only country with an order of integration significantly higher than 1. These findings suggest that short-term measures are more effective than long-term interventions in promoting fishery products consumption in most OECD countries. The policy implications are discussed in the final part of the manuscript.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 375-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.09.004
Zhipeng He , Youbo Jiang , Xu Wang , Yan Xie , Yi Cheng , Jie Mei
The acquisition of phenotypic data is fundamental for the genetic breeding of aquatic animals. To enhance the efficiency of obtaining phenotypic data for largemouth bass (LMB), we developed a phenotype extraction that employed the key points detection Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation (RTMPose) model for rapid, efficient, and accurate measurement of morphological phenotypic data from captured images. 717 images were respectively acquired from the side view and top view and constructed the corresponding datasets. After training and validating the image dataset using the RTMPose model, 15 morphological traits data (total body length, body length, body height, jaw length, head length, head height, trunk length, pectoral fin length, dorsal fin length, anal fin length, caudal fin length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle height, distance between eyes, and body thickness) were measured. All traits achieved the MAPE of less than 3%, and most traits exhibited R2 values exceeding 94%. Subsequently, multiple machine learning models were constructed to predict body weight (BW) and carcass weight (CW) of LMB. Among them, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, and support vector regression yielded similarly high predictive performance, For BW, these four models achieved R2 values of approximately 0.943, with MAE ranging from 8.167 to 8.338 g, RMSE between 11.903 and 12.036 g, and MAPE from 1.957% to 1.979%. For CW, the R2 was around 0.880, with MAE values between 8.597 and 8.681 g, RMSE ranging from 11.388 to 11.568 g, and MAPE between 3.291% and 3.328%. And SHAP analysis identified body height as the key morphological trait influencing both BW and CW in the sampled population. Our findings demonstrate that integrating keypoint detection with machine learning enables efficient and accurate phenotyping and weight prediction in fish, highlighting its practical value for intelligent aquaculture and breeding applications.
{"title":"Machine learning for extracting morphological phenotypic traits and estimating weight in largemouth bass","authors":"Zhipeng He , Youbo Jiang , Xu Wang , Yan Xie , Yi Cheng , Jie Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acquisition of phenotypic data is fundamental for the genetic breeding of aquatic animals. To enhance the efficiency of obtaining phenotypic data for largemouth bass (LMB), we developed a phenotype extraction that employed the key points detection Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation (RTMPose) model for rapid, efficient, and accurate measurement of morphological phenotypic data from captured images. 717 images were respectively acquired from the side view and top view and constructed the corresponding datasets. After training and validating the image dataset using the RTMPose model, 15 morphological traits data (total body length, body length, body height, jaw length, head length, head height, trunk length, pectoral fin length, dorsal fin length, anal fin length, caudal fin length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle height, distance between eyes, and body thickness) were measured. All traits achieved the MAPE of less than 3%, and most traits exhibited R<sup>2</sup> values exceeding 94%. Subsequently, multiple machine learning models were constructed to predict body weight (BW) and carcass weight (CW) of LMB. Among them, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, and support vector regression yielded similarly high predictive performance, For BW, these four models achieved <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> values of approximately 0.943, with MAE ranging from 8.167 to 8.338 g, RMSE between 11.903 and 12.036 g, and MAPE from 1.957% to 1.979%. For CW, the <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> was around 0.880, with MAE values between 8.597 and 8.681 g, RMSE ranging from 11.388 to 11.568 g, and MAPE between 3.291% and 3.328%. And SHAP analysis identified body height as the key morphological trait influencing both BW and CW in the sampled population. Our findings demonstrate that integrating keypoint detection with machine learning enables efficient and accurate phenotyping and weight prediction in fish, highlighting its practical value for intelligent aquaculture and breeding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 323-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.06.002
Muhammad Rizwan , Lukuan Li , Gang Yang, Zhen Zhang, Chunfang Wang
The present research evaluated the impact of various novel protein sources, including Tenebrio molitor (TM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CSM), Clostridium autoethanogenum (CAP), and Chlorella vulgaris (ChM), on the muscle traits of grow-out largemouth bass. Fish (211.9 ± 1.2) g were fed five meals for eight weeks. Dietary protein sources significantly influenced growth performance and feed utilization. The fishmeal (FM) group exhibited the highest final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). In contrast, alternative protein diets, particularly TM, CSM, and CAP, resulted in reduced growth and feed efficiency. The ChM group showed a comparable final weight to fishmeal (FM), though with slightly lower feed efficiency. Muscle antioxidant profiles demonstrated stable SOD activity (P > 0.05) among groups, while the ChM diet increased GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05), and the CSM diet elevated MDA levels (P < 0.05). The muscle texture analysis revealed initial reductions in hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and tenderness, followed by improvements across protein sources. Protein sources modified the amino acid profile without affecting fatty acids. The ChM group had a higher unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio than FM, with no significant changes in UFA or SFA levels (P > 0.05). TM groups had lower n-3 PUFA content than FM (P < 0.05), and ChM had higher n-6 PUFA content than FM (P < 0.05). Novel proteins reduced the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than FM (P < 0.05) with no differences among treatments (P > 0.05). The novel protein groups also had a significantly lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than FM (P < 0.05). The transcript analysis indicated that the ChM group upregulated the expression of myf5, myod, and myog, while the diets downregulated the expression of mstn. The z-score analysis indicated that ChM is the most valuable for muscle texture and growth. The results indicated that ChM and other innovative diets can enhance muscle quality and aquaculture productivity.
{"title":"Evaluation of flesh quality and antioxidant responses in grow-out largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with novel protein substitutes","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan , Lukuan Li , Gang Yang, Zhen Zhang, Chunfang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research evaluated the impact of various novel protein sources, including <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> (TM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CSM), <em>Clostridium autoethanogenum</em> (CAP), and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (ChM), on the muscle traits of grow-out largemouth bass. Fish (211.9 ± 1.2) g were fed five meals for eight weeks. Dietary protein sources significantly influenced growth performance and feed utilization. The fishmeal (FM) group exhibited the highest final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). In contrast, alternative protein diets, particularly TM, CSM, and CAP, resulted in reduced growth and feed efficiency. The ChM group showed a comparable final weight to fishmeal (FM), though with slightly lower feed efficiency. Muscle antioxidant profiles demonstrated stable SOD activity (<em>P ></em> 0.05) among groups, while the ChM diet increased GSH-Px activity (<em>P <</em> 0.05), and the CSM diet elevated MDA levels (<em>P <</em> 0.05). The muscle texture analysis revealed initial reductions in hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and tenderness, followed by improvements across protein sources. Protein sources modified the amino acid profile without affecting fatty acids. The ChM group had a higher unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio than FM, with no significant changes in UFA or SFA levels (<em>P ></em> 0.05). TM groups had lower n-3 PUFA content than FM (<em>P <</em> 0.05), and ChM had higher n-6 PUFA content than FM (<em>P <</em> 0.05). Novel proteins reduced the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than FM (<em>P <</em> 0.05) with no differences among treatments (<em>P ></em> 0.05). The novel protein groups also had a significantly lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than FM (<em>P <</em> 0.05). The transcript analysis indicated that the ChM group upregulated the expression of <em>myf5, myod,</em> and <em>myog</em>, while the diets downregulated the expression of <em>mstn</em>. The z-score analysis indicated that ChM is the most valuable for muscle texture and growth. The results indicated that ChM and other innovative diets can enhance muscle quality and aquaculture productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 310-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) is a euryhaline fish species of significant economic importance, and salinity, as one of important ecological factors, widely affects its growth, metabolism, and flesh quality of the fish. Current study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, muscle's flavor and transcriptomic responses of A. latus (8.25 ± 1.85 g) cultured in different salinities (6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 psμ). At the end of the 12-week culture trials, the final size, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of A. latus were significantly impacted by salinity, with the highest SGR at 20 psμ (P < 0.05) and lowest at 34 psμ. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (including eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and linoleic acid in at 6 psμ were significantly higher than those at any other salinity (P < 0.05). The total content of volatile compounds in flesh was the highest in 20 psμ, of which there were more abundant aldehydes and ketones. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 20 psμ and 34 psμ, with 161 genes up-regulated and 86 genes down-regulated in the 20 psμ. These DEGs were associated with muscle growth and development, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and others. The reliability of transcriptome data was validated using qRT-PCR based on ten selected growth-related genes, which showed the same trends as the RNA-seq results. From the overall results of this study, we infer the growth performance and flavor can be significantly improved at the salinity of 20 psμ, and the fatty acid composition can be significantly improved at the salinity of 6 psμ for yellowfin seabream.
{"title":"Effects of salinities on the growth performance, muscle's flavor and transcriptomic responses in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)","authors":"Guobin Zheng , Liangmin Huang , Dongling Zhang , Jing Zhang , Shuiqing Wu , Xiande Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yellowfin seabream (<em>Acanthopagrus latus</em>) is a euryhaline fish species of significant economic importance, and salinity, as one of important ecological factors, widely affects its growth, metabolism, and flesh quality of the fish. Current study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, muscle's flavor and transcriptomic responses of <em>A. latus</em> (8.25 ± 1.85 g) cultured in different salinities (6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 psμ). At the end of the 12-week culture trials, the final size, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of <em>A. latus</em> were significantly impacted by salinity, with the highest SGR at 20 psμ (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and lowest at 34 psμ. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (including eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and linoleic acid in at 6 psμ were significantly higher than those at any other salinity (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The total content of volatile compounds in flesh was the highest in 20 psμ, of which there were more abundant aldehydes and ketones. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 20 psμ and 34 psμ, with 161 genes up-regulated and 86 genes down-regulated in the 20 psμ. These DEGs were associated with muscle growth and development, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and others. The reliability of transcriptome data was validated using qRT-PCR based on ten selected growth-related genes, which showed the same trends as the RNA-seq results. From the overall results of this study, we infer the growth performance and flavor can be significantly improved at the salinity of 20 psμ, and the fatty acid composition can be significantly improved at the salinity of 6 psμ for yellowfin seabream.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 263-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.08.004
Mengmeng Shi , Junping Wang , Haiying Shi , Jiahao Wang , Weiqun Lu
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Urotensin I (UI) are considered as key players of adaptive physiology. In vertebrates, the role of thyroid hormones (THs) in triggering metamorphosis through the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is well known. However, the changes in corticotropin-releasing hormone and urotensin I expression, as well as their regulation by thyroid hormones during metamorphosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of T3 and cortisol levels, as well as the expression patterns of CRH, UI and TRs, and their response to T3 and a synthetic inhibitor of T3 during metamorphosis of P. olivaceus. Our results showed that CRH and UI mRNA expression levels remained low in the head during metamorphosis but sharply increased to a maximum after metamorphosis. Additionally, TRαA, TRαB, and TRβ showed distinct, stage-specific expression peaks. T3 levels peaked earlier than cortisol during metamorphosis, and exposure of 22 days after hatching (DAH) larvae to exogenous T3 significantly upregulated CRH and UI mRNA expression levels, while thiourea (TU) treatment led to their downregulation. Correlation analysis results further revealed strong positive associations among CRH, UI, and TRs under T3 treatment, especially between TRαA and TRβ at 8 h post-treatment in the 50 nM T3 group. These findings suggest that T3 may exert a stimulatory effect on CRH and UI expression during metamorphosis of P. olivaceus, potentially through TRαA and TRβ, thereby providing new insights into the endocrine regulation of metamorphosis in teleosts.
{"title":"Dynamic expression and regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone and urotensin I during metamorphosis of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus","authors":"Mengmeng Shi , Junping Wang , Haiying Shi , Jiahao Wang , Weiqun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Urotensin I (UI) are considered as key players of adaptive physiology. In vertebrates, the role of thyroid hormones (THs) in triggering metamorphosis through the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is well known. However, the changes in corticotropin-releasing hormone and urotensin I expression, as well as their regulation by thyroid hormones during metamorphosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of T<sub>3</sub> and cortisol levels, as well as the expression patterns of CRH, UI and TRs, and their response to T<sub>3</sub> and a synthetic inhibitor of T<sub>3</sub> during metamorphosis of <em>P</em>. <em>olivaceus</em>. Our results showed that CRH and UI mRNA expression levels remained low in the head during metamorphosis but sharply increased to a maximum after metamorphosis. Additionally, TRαA, TRαB, and TRβ showed distinct, stage-specific expression peaks. T<sub>3</sub> levels peaked earlier than cortisol during metamorphosis, and exposure of 22 days after hatching (DAH) larvae to exogenous T<sub>3</sub> significantly upregulated CRH and UI mRNA expression levels, while thiourea (TU) treatment led to their downregulation. Correlation analysis results further revealed strong positive associations among CRH, UI, and TRs under T<sub>3</sub> treatment, especially between TRαA and TRβ at 8 h post-treatment in the 50 nM T<sub>3</sub> group. These findings suggest that T<sub>3</sub> may exert a stimulatory effect on CRH and UI expression during metamorphosis of <em>P</em>. <em>olivaceus</em>, potentially through TRαA and TRβ, thereby providing new insights into the endocrine regulation of metamorphosis in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 298-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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