Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.02.021
Xr Xu, J. Gu
Methyl ten-butyl ether is a widely used gasoline additive.Its presence in the environment causes a widespread pollution and poses a serious threat to human health.Current literature on the treatments of methyl tert-butyl ether contamination,including advanced oxidation processes and microbial biodegradation,is reviewed.The advanced oxidation technologies include heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation,UV/H2O2 oxidation,conventional ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide,ultrasound irradiation and sonolytic degradation in the presence of ozone,Fenton's reagent and UV-assisted Fenton's reagent,reductive activation of dioxygen as well as r radiolysis of H2O.Microbial biodegradation of MTBE involves both the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
{"title":"Study progress on treatments of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether contamination","authors":"Xr Xu, J. Gu","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl ten-butyl ether is a widely used gasoline additive.Its presence in the environment causes a widespread pollution and poses a serious threat to human health.Current literature on the treatments of methyl tert-butyl ether contamination,including advanced oxidation processes and microbial biodegradation,is reviewed.The advanced oxidation technologies include heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation,UV/H2O2 oxidation,conventional ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide,ultrasound irradiation and sonolytic degradation in the presence of ozone,Fenton's reagent and UV-assisted Fenton's reagent,reductive activation of dioxygen as well as r radiolysis of H2O.Microbial biodegradation of MTBE involves both the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.","PeriodicalId":68437,"journal":{"name":"生态科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70180600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.01.001
J. Gu, Y. Wang
Synthetic organic pollutants are not only toxic and accumulative but also able to induce malformation and mutation. Contamination of synthetic compounds in environment disrupts the endocrine system in organisms including human beings. Developed countries have established regulations to limit and control the amount of these compounds in water and food chain. It is clearly known that some herbicides and insecticides (e.g. atrazine and DDT), and plasticizers are all endocrine-disrupting organics, which have adverse effect on the normal development of organisms. These compounds, however, present widely in the environment. The concentration could be extremely high under special circumstance. For example, as high as 10 g · L-1 of phthalic acid and dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) were found in landfill leachate. According to our investigation on microbial degradation of phthalic acid and DMPE, enrichment culture obtained from activated sludge and mangrove can mineralize this kind of compounds within short period of time. It is also found that single bacterial species is not able to completely degrade DMPE. Consortium of two or three pure species could mineralize DMPE at a concentration of 500 mg·L-1 within one week. Two degradation intermediates were isolated and identified, and degradation pathway has been established in our investigation. It has been approved that environmental hormone such as DMPE could be mineralized by microorganisms. On the other hand, environmental residues of pharmaceutical compounds are an emerging problem and more attention should be paid to conduct research in this field.
{"title":"Microbial degradation of endocrine-disrupting organic compounds and environmental residues of pharmaceutical compounds","authors":"J. Gu, Y. Wang","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic organic pollutants are not only toxic and accumulative but also able to induce malformation and mutation. Contamination of synthetic compounds in environment disrupts the endocrine system in organisms including human beings. Developed countries have established regulations to limit and control the amount of these compounds in water and food chain. It is clearly known that some herbicides and insecticides (e.g. atrazine and DDT), and plasticizers are all endocrine-disrupting organics, which have adverse effect on the normal development of organisms. These compounds, however, present widely in the environment. The concentration could be extremely high under special circumstance. For example, as high as 10 g · L-1 of phthalic acid and dimethyl phthalate ester (DMPE) were found in landfill leachate. According to our investigation on microbial degradation of phthalic acid and DMPE, enrichment culture obtained from activated sludge and mangrove can mineralize this kind of compounds within short period of time. It is also found that single bacterial species is not able to completely degrade DMPE. Consortium of two or three pure species could mineralize DMPE at a concentration of 500 mg·L-1 within one week. Two degradation intermediates were isolated and identified, and degradation pathway has been established in our investigation. It has been approved that environmental hormone such as DMPE could be mineralized by microorganisms. On the other hand, environmental residues of pharmaceutical compounds are an emerging problem and more attention should be paid to conduct research in this field.","PeriodicalId":68437,"journal":{"name":"生态科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70180403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.02.001
P. Liang, J. Gu
Mangroves are vulnerable habitats to pollution and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).Many studies have reported the aerobic biochemical pathways of PAH degradation by bacteria and fungi but little is known about the anaerobic ones.In this paper,naphthalene was used as a model compound for PAHs demonstrating the possible anaerobic degradation pathways in mangrove environments.Oxidation of naphthalene was firstly found under anaerobic conditions in sediment columns and subsequently under strict anaerobic conditions and the processes were proved to be sulfate-reducing dependent by testing with sodium molybdate,a specific inhibitor of sulfate reduction.Further detailed studies isolated and identified several intermediates such as 2-naphthoate,5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-NA and decalin-2-carboxylate during the transformation processes of naphthalene.In these studies,different initial steps (hydroxylation or carboxylation) were proposed for naphthalene degradation.However,specific transformation steps for naphthalene will need further investigation to elucidate if degradation pathway of benzoate is involved.
{"title":"Potential degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions of mangrove ecosystem","authors":"P. Liang, J. Gu","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.1008-8873.2003.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are vulnerable habitats to pollution and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).Many studies have reported the aerobic biochemical pathways of PAH degradation by bacteria and fungi but little is known about the anaerobic ones.In this paper,naphthalene was used as a model compound for PAHs demonstrating the possible anaerobic degradation pathways in mangrove environments.Oxidation of naphthalene was firstly found under anaerobic conditions in sediment columns and subsequently under strict anaerobic conditions and the processes were proved to be sulfate-reducing dependent by testing with sodium molybdate,a specific inhibitor of sulfate reduction.Further detailed studies isolated and identified several intermediates such as 2-naphthoate,5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-NA and decalin-2-carboxylate during the transformation processes of naphthalene.In these studies,different initial steps (hydroxylation or carboxylation) were proposed for naphthalene degradation.However,specific transformation steps for naphthalene will need further investigation to elucidate if degradation pathway of benzoate is involved.","PeriodicalId":68437,"journal":{"name":"生态科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70180485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.4135/9781412939591.n369
Ling-jen Hong
War has great impacts on the environment. This paper discussed the environmental impacts during the three periods of war. The three periods are preparation, wartime, and postwar. The environmental impacts in the wartime were depicted in reference to the types of weapon being used.
{"title":"Environmental Impacts of War","authors":"Ling-jen Hong","doi":"10.4135/9781412939591.n369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412939591.n369","url":null,"abstract":"War has great impacts on the environment. This paper discussed the environmental impacts during the three periods of war. The three periods are preparation, wartime, and postwar. The environmental impacts in the wartime were depicted in reference to the types of weapon being used.","PeriodicalId":68437,"journal":{"name":"生态科学","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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