Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.131001
Kenneth Ray Olson
{"title":"How Did Vinh Moc Village, Located near Vietnam DMZ, Protect Their Villagers from United States Air Force Bombardment during the Vietnam War?","authors":"Kenneth Ray Olson","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.131001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.131001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.132006
A. Adeli, J. Brooks, D. Miles, T. Mlsna, Read Quentin, J. Jenkins
{"title":"Effectiveness of Combined Biochar and Lignite with Poultry Litter on Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Health","authors":"A. Adeli, J. Brooks, D. Miles, T. Mlsna, Read Quentin, J. Jenkins","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.132006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.132006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Pollution Level of Traces Metals Elements in Agricultural Soil of Oubritenga Province of Burkina Faso","authors":"Salifou Laura, Stéphanie Batchakoué Maïga-Yaleu, Tambi Ramdé","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.133008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.133008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.133007
Kenneth Ray Olson
{"title":"Agent Blue: A Secret Military and Environmental Chemical Weapon Used for Food Denial in South Vietnam during the Vietnam Civil War (1962-1965)","authors":"Kenneth Ray Olson","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.133007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.133007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.136011
Gatse Elgie Viennechie, Mboukou Kimbatsa Irène Marie Cécile, M. Jonas, Mfoutou Mampanguy Claujeans Chastel, I. Averti, Nguimbi Etienne
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Isolated Bacteria from Soils in Likouala Peat Bog Area, Republic of Congo","authors":"Gatse Elgie Viennechie, Mboukou Kimbatsa Irène Marie Cécile, M. Jonas, Mfoutou Mampanguy Claujeans Chastel, I. Averti, Nguimbi Etienne","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.136011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.136011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.137014
Kagbagnan Kone, A. Kouakou
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Contamination and Human Health Risk around an Industrial Gold Mine in Côte d’Ivoire: The Case of Arsenic","authors":"Kagbagnan Kone, A. Kouakou","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.137014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.137014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70636265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.138016
Kenneth Ray Olson
{"title":"Review and Analysis: United States Cluster Munitions and Unexploded Ordnance Left in Laos after the Second Indochina War","authors":"Kenneth Ray Olson","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.138016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.138016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70636419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.132003
Kenneth Ray Olson
The Saigon River is located in southern Vietnam with headwaters starting in southeastern Cambodia. The river flows southeast for about 225 km to the South China Sea. Most readers of Vietnam’s history know about the Ameri-can-Vietnam War (1965-1973). However, centuries before that time, Vietnam fought with the Chinese, the Khmers, the Chams and the Mongols. The history of Vietnam begins in the Red River Delta, where farmers first cultivated rice. A millenia of struggle against the Chinese then followed. The Saigon River Valley was the pathway used by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) to get from the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Cambodia to Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The NVA dug Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels near Cu Chi in the Old Alluvium terrace to hide from American Forces and Air Force bombers. In 1962, the Tan Son Nhut Air Force base on the northern edge of Saigon received the first shipments of Agent Blue, the arsenic based herbicide, used to destroy the rice crop. The most dioxin TCDD and arsenic contaminated site in Vietnam was Bien Hoa Air Force base on the Saigon River just 30 km northeast east of Ho Chi Minh City. The adjacent Bien Hoa City has a population of over 800,000. The Port of Ho Chi Minh City is the most significant river port in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The river is navigable by ships which draft up to 9 m. Vietnam only became a united country in the 19th century. Its independence was soon affected by French colonialism and then the destructive American intervention in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War Archive no. 2 in Ho Chi Minh City houses residual correspondence between the
西贡河位于越南南部，源头发源于柬埔寨东南部。这条河向东南流向南中国海，全长约225公里。大多数越南历史的读者都知道美国-越南战争(1965-1973)。然而，在那之前的几个世纪，越南与中国人、高棉人、占婆人和蒙古人作战。越南的历史始于红河三角洲，那里的农民最早种植水稻。随后，与中国人的斗争持续了千年。西贡河谷是1968年春节攻势期间，北越军队(NVA)从柬埔寨的胡志明小道到西贡的必经之路。北越军在老冲积阶地的古芝附近挖了古芝和铁三角土隧道，以躲避美国军队和空军的轰炸机。1962年，位于西贡北部边缘的Tan Son Nhut空军基地收到了第一批用于摧毁水稻作物的砷基除草剂“蓝剂”(Agent Blue)。越南二恶英和砷污染最严重的地方是西贡河上的边化空军基地，距胡志明市东北方向仅30公里。毗邻的边化市人口超过80万。胡志明市港口是越南和东南亚最重要的河港。吃水9米的船只可在这条河上航行。越南在19世纪才成为一个统一的国家。它的独立很快受到法国殖民主义的影响，然后是美国对越南战争的破坏性干预。越南战争档案号。2 .胡志明市房屋间的残通信
{"title":"Saigon River Valley: A Navigation, Trade, Mitigation, Invasion, Liberation, and Unification Pathway","authors":"Kenneth Ray Olson","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.132003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.132003","url":null,"abstract":"The Saigon River is located in southern Vietnam with headwaters starting in southeastern Cambodia. The river flows southeast for about 225 km to the South China Sea. Most readers of Vietnam’s history know about the Ameri-can-Vietnam War (1965-1973). However, centuries before that time, Vietnam fought with the Chinese, the Khmers, the Chams and the Mongols. The history of Vietnam begins in the Red River Delta, where farmers first cultivated rice. A millenia of struggle against the Chinese then followed. The Saigon River Valley was the pathway used by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) to get from the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Cambodia to Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The NVA dug Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels near Cu Chi in the Old Alluvium terrace to hide from American Forces and Air Force bombers. In 1962, the Tan Son Nhut Air Force base on the northern edge of Saigon received the first shipments of Agent Blue, the arsenic based herbicide, used to destroy the rice crop. The most dioxin TCDD and arsenic contaminated site in Vietnam was Bien Hoa Air Force base on the Saigon River just 30 km northeast east of Ho Chi Minh City. The adjacent Bien Hoa City has a population of over 800,000. The Port of Ho Chi Minh City is the most significant river port in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The river is navigable by ships which draft up to 9 m. Vietnam only became a united country in the 19th century. Its independence was soon affected by French colonialism and then the destructive American intervention in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War Archive no. 2 in Ho Chi Minh City houses residual correspondence between the","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.134009
Kenneth Ray Olson, David R. Speidel
{"title":"United States Secret War in Laos: Long-Term Environmental and Human Health Impacts of the Use of Chemical Weapons","authors":"Kenneth Ray Olson, David R. Speidel","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.134009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.134009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2023.135010
Kenneth Ray Olson, L. Cihacek
{"title":"Use of Agent Purple, Agent Orange and Agent Blue on Royal Thai Air Force Base Perimeters in Thailand during the Vietnam War","authors":"Kenneth Ray Olson, L. Cihacek","doi":"10.4236/ojss.2023.135010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.135010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57369,"journal":{"name":"土壤科学期刊(英文)","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70635673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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