Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.012
Thi Hoan Vu , Thi Phuong Nhung Tran , Ngoc Boi Vu , Thi My Trang Nguyen
Sepia pharaonis is a commercially valuable cephalopod, yet highly prone to quality deterioration during refrigeration. This study optimized the use of oligochitosan (COS) for cold storage preservation of S. pharaonis using a Box-Behnken design with three variables: COS concentration (0.5–1.5%), immersion time (30–150 s), and storage temperature (2–8 °C). The optimal condition (1.14% COS, 60 s, 4 °C) was validated in independent runs after 7 days. The optimal condition (1.14% COS, 60 s, 4 °C) yielded the highest sensory acceptability (8.9 on a 9-point hedonic scale) after 7 days. COS-treated samples showed significantly lower total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) (47.58 mg N/100 g DW), ammonia (NH3) (11.32 mg/100 g DW), and peroxide value (POV) (7.84 μmol KOH g−1 dry weight), indicating delayed protein and lipid degradation. Microbial loads, including total plate count and Pseudomonas spp., were also significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The results support COS as a natural preservative that enhances the shelf life and safety of S. pharaonis, offering a viable alternative to synthetic additives in seafood processing.
{"title":"Optimized oligochitosan treatment for preserving postharvest quality of Sepia pharaonis during cold storage","authors":"Thi Hoan Vu , Thi Phuong Nhung Tran , Ngoc Boi Vu , Thi My Trang Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sepia pharaonis</em> is a commercially valuable cephalopod, yet highly prone to quality deterioration during refrigeration. This study optimized the use of oligochitosan (COS) for cold storage preservation of <em>S. pharaonis</em> using a Box-Behnken design with three variables: COS concentration (0.5–1.5%), immersion time (30–150 s), and storage temperature (2–8 °C). The optimal condition (1.14% COS, 60 s, 4 °C) was validated in independent runs after 7 days. The optimal condition (1.14% COS, 60 s, 4 °C) yielded the highest sensory acceptability (8.9 on a 9-point hedonic scale) after 7 days. COS-treated samples showed significantly lower total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) (47.58 mg N/100 g DW), ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) (11.32 mg/100 g DW), and peroxide value (POV) (7.84 μmol KOH g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight), indicating delayed protein and lipid degradation. Microbial loads, including total plate count and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp., were also significantly reduced (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The results support COS as a natural preservative that enhances the shelf life and safety of <em>S. pharaonis</em>, offering a viable alternative to synthetic additives in seafood processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 605-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.003
Peng Huang , Jinliang Du , Jie Wei , Jiancao Gao , Liping Cao , Jun Gao , Jiayi Li , Haojun Zhu , Yao Zheng , Gangchun Xu , Shunlong Meng
Ovarian development in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) enters a rapid development period after the reproductive molt. During this process, low-temperature stimulation seems to be a key initiating factor. To verify this, the current study simulated a nine-week long-term low-temperature experiment during the fattening stage in an indoor thermostatic water circulation system, including a high-temperature control group (30 °C), a medium-temperature group (25 °C) and low-temperature group (20 °C). Based on multi-omics sequencing and histological analysis, we found that chronic low-temperature exposure promotes ovarian development by up-regulating the mRNA expression of crucial genes (e75/74, vg/vgr, 17β-estradiol, erα) and promoting the secretion of GIH, MF, and E2 hormones. This can be evidenced by the densely distributed yolk granules, significantly increased oocyte diameter, and GSI index. Interestingly, the significantly increased lipid droplet area and crude lipid level indicate that chronic cold stimulation can promote fat accumulation in the ovary. Significantly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), play important roles in this process. In addition, continuous cold exposure can significantly increase the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of hepatopancreas and ovarian tissue, and inhibit the synthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to promote the deposition of nutrients and flavor substances. In conclusion, our current data reveal a series of physiological responses to continuous cold exposure during fattening, providing valuable data support for the fattening strategy and quality improvement of Chinese mitten crabs.
{"title":"Effects of different temperatures on ovarian development, lipid metabolism and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis during fattening","authors":"Peng Huang , Jinliang Du , Jie Wei , Jiancao Gao , Liping Cao , Jun Gao , Jiayi Li , Haojun Zhu , Yao Zheng , Gangchun Xu , Shunlong Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian development in the Chinese mitten crab (<em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>) enters a rapid development period after the reproductive molt. During this process, low-temperature stimulation seems to be a key initiating factor. To verify this, the current study simulated a nine-week long-term low-temperature experiment during the fattening stage in an indoor thermostatic water circulation system, including a high-temperature control group (30 °C), a medium-temperature group (25 °C) and low-temperature group (20 °C). Based on multi-omics sequencing and histological analysis, we found that chronic low-temperature exposure promotes ovarian development by up-regulating the mRNA expression of crucial genes (<em>e75</em>/<em>74</em>, <em>vg</em>/<em>vgr</em>, <em>17β-estradiol</em>, <em>erα</em>) and promoting the secretion of GIH, MF, and E2 hormones. This can be evidenced by the densely distributed yolk granules, significantly increased oocyte diameter, and GSI index. Interestingly, the significantly increased lipid droplet area and crude lipid level indicate that chronic cold stimulation can promote fat accumulation in the ovary. Significantly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), play important roles in this process. In addition, continuous cold exposure can significantly increase the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of hepatopancreas and ovarian tissue, and inhibit the synthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to promote the deposition of nutrients and flavor substances. In conclusion, our current data reveal a series of physiological responses to continuous cold exposure during fattening, providing valuable data support for the fattening strategy and quality improvement of Chinese mitten crabs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 540-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.009
S. Janani, M. Hemalatha, D.S. Dipshika, M. Sukumar
Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn), one of the most valuable aquaculture species, provides a great deal of nutrition, sensory properties, and importance as a marketable food species. Spoilage occurs quickly and presents serious issues of post-harvest quality, safety, and shelf life. Preservation methods that are well-established, such as freezing, chilling, and adding chemical preservatives, may decrease quality, reduce nutritional value or result in a public health issue if any chemicals remain as residues. In response to the rising consumer demand for minimally-processed, safe, and sustainable seafood products, green and hybrid preservation methods have gained considerable interest. This review provides exhaustive coverage of several novel preservation methods examined for Penaeus monodon, including combinations of non-thermal methods (such as pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, and cold plasma), natural preservatives (such as plant extracts, essential oils, and bioactive coatings), and advanced forms of packaging. Furthermore, much of the focus in this review will be on hybrid methods that encourage synergism for inhibiting microorganisms, preventing lipid oxidation, and preserving sensory attributes of the seafood throughout storage. This article intends to provide information to those in the seafood industry, seafood technologists, and research community in promoting preservation methods to establish sustainability and supply for Penaeus monodon. Despite promising lab scale findings, challenges with customer acceptance, regulatory approvals, and process optimization prevent the various preservation strategies from commercial scaling. Variability in microbial load, size, and lack of harmonized protocols further complicate quality assurance and regulatory approval. Future research should focus on understanding mechanical relationships, optimizing multi-hurdle combinations, pilot scale validation, collaboration with industry stakeholders, meeting customer expectations, and clear regulatory frameworks. Additionally, developing non-destructive, rapid, environmentally friendly freshness assessment techniques that are more accessible than traditional chemical methods represents an important research direction.
{"title":"Hybrid and green preservation techniques for Penaeus monodon: A review of emerging technologies, shelf life enhancement and research gaps","authors":"S. Janani, M. Hemalatha, D.S. Dipshika, M. Sukumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penaeus monodon</em> (giant tiger prawn), one of the most valuable aquaculture species, provides a great deal of nutrition, sensory properties, and importance as a marketable food species. Spoilage occurs quickly and presents serious issues of post-harvest quality, safety, and shelf life. Preservation methods that are well-established, such as freezing, chilling, and adding chemical preservatives, may decrease quality, reduce nutritional value or result in a public health issue if any chemicals remain as residues. In response to the rising consumer demand for minimally-processed, safe, and sustainable seafood products, green and hybrid preservation methods have gained considerable interest. This review provides exhaustive coverage of several novel preservation methods examined for <em>Penaeus monodon,</em> including combinations of non-thermal methods (such as pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, and cold plasma), natural preservatives (such as plant extracts, essential oils, and bioactive coatings), and advanced forms of packaging. Furthermore, much of the focus in this review will be on hybrid methods that encourage synergism for inhibiting microorganisms, preventing lipid oxidation, and preserving sensory attributes of the seafood throughout storage. This article intends to provide information to those in the seafood industry, seafood technologists, and research community in promoting preservation methods to establish sustainability and supply for <em>Penaeus monodon.</em> Despite promising lab scale findings, challenges with customer acceptance, regulatory approvals, and process optimization prevent the various preservation strategies from commercial scaling. Variability in microbial load, size, and lack of harmonized protocols further complicate quality assurance and regulatory approval. Future research should focus on understanding mechanical relationships, optimizing multi-hurdle combinations, pilot scale validation, collaboration with industry stakeholders, meeting customer expectations, and clear regulatory frameworks. Additionally, developing non-destructive, rapid, environmentally friendly freshness assessment techniques that are more accessible than traditional chemical methods represents an important research direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 499-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.007
Sayali Haldule, Mamata Singhvi, Smita Zinjarde
Globally, the aquaculture industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in food production. To modulate the health and growth conditions of aquaculture species, probiotic feed supplements, additives, and immunostimulants of microbial origin have been used. Yeasts are becoming increasingly significant in meeting the nutritional requirements of aquaculture species, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae being the most extensively studied. Several other potential non-conventional Ascomycetous yeasts, such as Debaryomyces hansenii, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida spp., Wickerhamomyces spp., Kluyveromyces spp., Blastobotrys adeninivorans, and Metschnikowia spp., are emerging as lucrative alternatives. Products such as β-glucans, mannan oligosaccharides, pigments, and nucleotides derived from them are also gaining popularity for enhancing the overall health and performance of aquaculture species. These lesser-explored yeast genera are utilized as probiotics, feed additives, nutritional supplements, or immunostimulants in the aquaculture industry. They help improve growth performance, antioxidant activity, and hematological parameters of aquaculture species. When included in diets, they can enhance immunity, digestion, and disease resistance against various pathogens affecting aquaculture yields. Some also serve as protein sources or enhance pigment production. Strategies such as using low-cost substrates, optimizing process parameters, metabolic engineering, and genetic manipulation of these yeasts are crucial for their sustainable application in aquaculture. This review summarizes the effects of non-conventional Ascomycetous yeasts in improving the overall well-being of various aquaculture species.
{"title":"Functional role of non-conventional ascomycetous yeasts in modulating aquaculture species","authors":"Sayali Haldule, Mamata Singhvi, Smita Zinjarde","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, the aquaculture industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in food production. To modulate the health and growth conditions of aquaculture species, probiotic feed supplements, additives, and immunostimulants of microbial origin have been used. Yeasts are becoming increasingly significant in meeting the nutritional requirements of aquaculture species, with <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> being the most extensively studied. Several other potential non-conventional Ascomycetous yeasts, such as <em>Debaryomyces hansenii</em>, <em>Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida</em> spp.<em>, Wickerhamomyces</em> spp., <em>Kluyveromyces</em> spp., <em>Blastobotrys adeninivorans</em>, and <em>Metschnikowia</em> spp., are emerging as lucrative alternatives. Products such as β-glucans, mannan oligosaccharides, pigments, and nucleotides derived from them are also gaining popularity for enhancing the overall health and performance of aquaculture species. These lesser-explored yeast genera are utilized as probiotics, feed additives, nutritional supplements, or immunostimulants in the aquaculture industry. They help improve growth performance, antioxidant activity, and hematological parameters of aquaculture species. When included in diets, they can enhance immunity, digestion, and disease resistance against various pathogens affecting aquaculture yields. Some also serve as protein sources or enhance pigment production. Strategies such as using low-cost substrates, optimizing process parameters, metabolic engineering, and genetic manipulation of these yeasts are crucial for their sustainable application in aquaculture. This review summarizes the effects of non-conventional Ascomycetous yeasts in improving the overall well-being of various aquaculture species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 480-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.005
Min Huang , Ke Cheng , Chuyi Zhang , Yijia Wang , Gang Yang , Xiaoyan Hu , Chunfang Wang
This study investigated the immunomodulatory role of dietary vitamin D3 (VD3) in hybrid yellow catfish under high-density culture (HDC). A 2 × 3 factorial design was applied with two stocking densities and three VD3 levels (0, 1120, 14900 IU/kg). HDC significantly increased mortality, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and liver Fe2+ accumulation, exhibiting ferroptosis-related features. VD3 supplementation alleviated these effects by reducing lipid peroxidation, modulating antioxidant enzymes, and activating the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway. It also upregulated gpx4 and regulated iron/lipid metabolism, thereby improving iron homeostasis and mitigating ferroptosis. Notably, VD3 downregulated slc40a1 under HDC, suggesting that its regulatory mechanism is context dependent. Within the tested conditions, 1120 IU/kg VD3 showed more pronounced protective effects against oxidative damage and ferroptosis. By contrast, under HDC, 14 900 IU/kg tended to act as an additional stressor. These findings provide new insights into the context-dependent role of VD3 in alleviating high-density stress and sustaining antioxidant balance in fish.
{"title":"Vitamin D3 supplementation mitigates oxidative stress and ferroptosis, enhancing liver, spleen, and head-kidney health and growth performance in high-density cultured hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli♂)","authors":"Min Huang , Ke Cheng , Chuyi Zhang , Yijia Wang , Gang Yang , Xiaoyan Hu , Chunfang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the immunomodulatory role of dietary vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (VD<sub>3</sub>) in hybrid yellow catfish under high-density culture (HDC). A 2 × 3 factorial design was applied with two stocking densities and three VD<sub>3</sub> levels (0, 1120, 14900 IU/kg). HDC significantly increased mortality, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and liver Fe<sup>2+</sup> accumulation, exhibiting ferroptosis-related features. VD<sub>3</sub> supplementation alleviated these effects by reducing lipid peroxidation, modulating antioxidant enzymes, and activating the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway. It also upregulated <em>gpx4</em> and regulated iron/lipid metabolism, thereby improving iron homeostasis and mitigating ferroptosis. Notably, VD<sub>3</sub> downregulated <em>slc40a1</em> under HDC, suggesting that its regulatory mechanism is context dependent. Within the tested conditions, 1120 IU/kg VD<sub>3</sub> showed more pronounced protective effects against oxidative damage and ferroptosis. By contrast, under HDC, 14 900 IU/kg tended to act as an additional stressor. These findings provide new insights into the context-dependent role of VD<sub>3</sub> in alleviating high-density stress and sustaining antioxidant balance in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 563-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.004
Funda Torun , Feyzâ Matisli , Barbara Hostins , Peter De Schryver , Nico Boon , Jo De Vrieze
Oxygen depletion and sulphide formation, resulting from the accumulation of organic waste, are common challenges in shrimp ponds that could result in complete harvest failure. The stage at which these circumstances occur during the shrimp growth period remains elusive, yet, knowledge of the timing of oxygen depletion and sulphide formation is essential to enable remediating actions. Here, we used an experimental shrimp pond model at different stages in the shrimp growth period to determine when oxygen depletion and sulphide production occur. Microscale depth measurements of oxygen and H2S were determined using microelectrodes to visualize their profiles at different depths of the water-sediment interface and the sediment. We evaluated the potential of different molybdate concentrations at different stages to determine the optimal conditions to suppress H2S formation. Oxygen depletion and sulphide production took place in the middle of the shrimp growth cycle in the simulated model of waste accumulation. The addition of molybdate was only effective in the early stages of the onset of oxygen depletion and H2S formation, and residual molybdate was required to ensure a continuous suppression of sulphide production. However, oxygen depletion could not be prevented and reintroduction of oxygen did not occur when molybdate was added. In conclusion, molybdate appeared to be an effective strategy to suppress H2S formation at the onset of its production in a shrimp pond bottom model.
{"title":"Molybdate application in the early stages of shrimp growth suppresses sulphide formation in a shrimp pond bottom model","authors":"Funda Torun , Feyzâ Matisli , Barbara Hostins , Peter De Schryver , Nico Boon , Jo De Vrieze","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen depletion and sulphide formation, resulting from the accumulation of organic waste, are common challenges in shrimp ponds that could result in complete harvest failure. The stage at which these circumstances occur during the shrimp growth period remains elusive, yet, knowledge of the timing of oxygen depletion and sulphide formation is essential to enable remediating actions. Here, we used an experimental shrimp pond model at different stages in the shrimp growth period to determine when oxygen depletion and sulphide production occur. Microscale depth measurements of oxygen and H<sub>2</sub>S were determined using microelectrodes to visualize their profiles at different depths of the water-sediment interface and the sediment. We evaluated the potential of different molybdate concentrations at different stages to determine the optimal conditions to suppress H<sub>2</sub>S formation. Oxygen depletion and sulphide production took place in the middle of the shrimp growth cycle in the simulated model of waste accumulation. The addition of molybdate was only effective in the early stages of the onset of oxygen depletion and H<sub>2</sub>S formation, and residual molybdate was required to ensure a continuous suppression of sulphide production. However, oxygen depletion could not be prevented and reintroduction of oxygen did not occur when molybdate was added. In conclusion, molybdate appeared to be an effective strategy to suppress H<sub>2</sub>S formation at the onset of its production in a shrimp pond bottom model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 595-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential sources, occurrence, and impacts of antibiotics in aquaponics, along with suggested alternatives and mitigation measures to address contamination. Despite the standard prohibition against using antibiotics in aquaponics, their presence and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain concerning due to misuse and secondary contamination from various sources. Antibiotics can enter the aquaponic environment through various sources, such as hospital discharges, wastewater treatment facilities, and other feed sources. Existing literature on the impacts of antibiotics and ARGs in aquaponics is limited. When antibiotics enter the system, they can be detected in different components of aquaponics such as water, sediment, fish bodies, and plant roots, increasing the likelihood of developing antibiotic resistance. The emergence of ARGs could mainly occur through horizontal or vertical gene transfer pathways, while, external factors such as the presence of heavy metals and microplastics can facilitate the acquisition and proliferation of these genes. This study proposes alternative methods for disease management, enhancing systemic immunity, and future research directions. It also recommends various treatment technologies that might be integrated into aquaponic systems to mitigate the potential antibiotic contamination, aiming to prevent the issues that have arisen in traditional aquaculture, where the overuse of antibiotics has turned environments into hotspots for the proliferation of ARGs.
{"title":"Potential antibiotics contamination in aquaponic systems: Antimicrobial gene, mitigation and treatment approaches","authors":"Bhesh Kumar Karki , Suniti Shrestha , Suman Poudel , Michael J. Angove , Raju Kumar Gupta , Shukra Raj Paudel","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential sources, occurrence, and impacts of antibiotics in aquaponics, along with suggested alternatives and mitigation measures to address contamination. Despite the standard prohibition against using antibiotics in aquaponics, their presence and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain concerning due to misuse and secondary contamination from various sources. Antibiotics can enter the aquaponic environment through various sources, such as hospital discharges, wastewater treatment facilities, and other feed sources. Existing literature on the impacts of antibiotics and ARGs in aquaponics is limited. When antibiotics enter the system, they can be detected in different components of aquaponics such as water, sediment, fish bodies, and plant roots, increasing the likelihood of developing antibiotic resistance. The emergence of ARGs could mainly occur through horizontal or vertical gene transfer pathways, while, external factors such as the presence of heavy metals and microplastics can facilitate the acquisition and proliferation of these genes. This study proposes alternative methods for disease management, enhancing systemic immunity, and future research directions. It also recommends various treatment technologies that might be integrated into aquaponic systems to mitigate the potential antibiotic contamination, aiming to prevent the issues that have arisen in traditional aquaculture, where the overuse of antibiotics has turned environments into hotspots for the proliferation of ARGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 463-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.001
Saleema Matusin , Ellia Kartini Mujar , Annie Christianus , Norazrin Ariffin , Annas Salleh , Chen Fei Low , Chou Min Chong , Ina Salwany Md Yasin , Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar , Yuzine Esa , Beng Chu Kua
The continuous intensification of climate change exposes hybrid grouper to fluctuating temperatures, affecting physiology, immunity, and overall performance. This study investigates the molecular, biochemical, and histological responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) exposed to one day (21–33 °C) and five days (22–31 °C) temperature fluctuations. Sub-adult fish (20.95 ± 0.64 cm) were grouped into acute (A), tolerant (R), and sensitive (S) categories based on behavioural responses such as feeding and swimming behaviours. Skin transcriptome profiling revealed that the DEGs were most significantly enriched in genetic information processing networks, including pathways involved in folding, sorting and degradation, translation, and transcription. Genes involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (skp1, ero1a, rpn2) were significantly upregulated in A vs C and R vs C groups, while genes involved in energy metabolism were significantly upregulated in S vs C group. However, genes involved in the ribosome pathway (rpl22, rps15, rpl9, rps21, rpl12, rpl19) were significantly downregulated across all three comparison groups. Biochemical markers, including elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) levels and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity indicate metabolic disturbances. Histopathological alterations included hepatocytic vacuolation, inflammatory infiltration in the liver, and melanomacrophage aggregation in the spleen and head kidney, indicating systemic stress and immune activation. This integrated analysis reveals significant molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying thermal stress responses in hybrid grouper. The identified genes, pathways, and biomarkers offer valuable insights for improving stress resilience and guiding management strategies in aquaculture under climate change.
气候变化的持续加剧使杂交石斑鱼暴露在波动的温度下，影响生理、免疫和整体性能。研究了杂交石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus）在1天（21-33℃）和5天（22-31℃）温度波动下的分子、生化和组织学反应。根据进食和游动行为等行为反应，将亚成鱼（20.95±0.64 cm）分为急性(A)、耐受(R)和敏感(S)三类。皮肤转录组分析显示，deg在遗传信息处理网络中富集最为显著，包括折叠、分类和降解、翻译和转录等途径。内质网蛋白加工相关基因skp1、ero1a、rpn2在A vs C和R vs C组显著上调，而与能量代谢相关基因在S vs C组显著上调。然而，参与核糖体途径的基因（rpl22、rps15、rpl9、rps21、rpl12、rpl19）在所有三个对照组中均显著下调。生化指标，包括谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和葡萄糖（GLU）水平升高和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性降低，表明代谢紊乱。组织病理学改变包括肝细胞空泡化，肝脏炎症浸润，脾脏和头肾黑素巨噬细胞聚集，表明全身应激和免疫激活。这一综合分析揭示了杂交石斑鱼热应激反应的重要分子和生理机制。所鉴定的基因、途径和生物标志物为提高气候变化条件下水产养殖的应激恢复能力和指导管理策略提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Temperature stress alters transcriptomic and physiological responses in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Saleema Matusin , Ellia Kartini Mujar , Annie Christianus , Norazrin Ariffin , Annas Salleh , Chen Fei Low , Chou Min Chong , Ina Salwany Md Yasin , Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar , Yuzine Esa , Beng Chu Kua","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous intensification of climate change exposes hybrid grouper to fluctuating temperatures, affecting physiology, immunity, and overall performance. This study investigates the molecular, biochemical, and histological responses of hybrid grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em> × <em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>) exposed to one day (21–33 °C) and five days (22–31 °C) temperature fluctuations. Sub-adult fish (20.95 ± 0.64 cm) were grouped into acute (A), tolerant (R), and sensitive (S) categories based on behavioural responses such as feeding and swimming behaviours. Skin transcriptome profiling revealed that the DEGs were most significantly enriched in genetic information processing networks, including pathways involved in folding, sorting and degradation, translation, and transcription. Genes involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (<em>skp1, ero1a, rpn2</em>) were significantly upregulated in A vs C and R vs C groups, while genes involved in energy metabolism were significantly upregulated in S vs C group. However, genes involved in the ribosome pathway (<em>rpl22</em>, <em>rps15</em>, <em>rpl9</em>, <em>rps21</em>, <em>rpl12</em>, <em>rpl19</em>) were significantly downregulated across all three comparison groups. Biochemical markers, including elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) levels and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity indicate metabolic disturbances. Histopathological alterations included hepatocytic vacuolation, inflammatory infiltration in the liver, and melanomacrophage aggregation in the spleen and head kidney, indicating systemic stress and immune activation. This integrated analysis reveals significant molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying thermal stress responses in hybrid grouper. The identified genes, pathways, and biomarkers offer valuable insights for improving stress resilience and guiding management strategies in aquaculture under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 519-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.003
Dahai Gao , Yan Zhang , Hongchang Ding , Xinghong Yan
Several strains with long-type blade have been isolated from Pyropia suborbiculata, showing application potential for commercial Pyropia cultivation. In this study, using strain PS-M4 of P. suborbiculata, the effects of temperatures and light levels on conchocelis growth, conchosporangia formation, and conchospores release, were examined. The optimal conditions for conchocelis growth were 24 °C and 30–40 μmol photons/(m2·s), whereas the conchosporangia formation ratio peaked at 30 °C and 10–20 μmol photons/(m2·s), yielding the highest conchospore release under these conditions. Compared with strain PH-WT10 of P. haitanensis, the conchocelis of PS-M4 displayed higher thermotolerance and superior conchospore yield. These attributes underscore the suitability of PS-M4 for convenient and climate-resilient conchocelis cultivation.
{"title":"Effects of temperature and light level on the growth and development of conchocelis in Pyropia suborbiculata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)","authors":"Dahai Gao , Yan Zhang , Hongchang Ding , Xinghong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several strains with long-type blade have been isolated from <em>Pyropia suborbiculata</em>, showing application potential for commercial <em>Pyropia</em> cultivation. In this study, using strain <em>PS-M4</em> of <em>P. suborbiculata</em>, the effects of temperatures and light levels on conchocelis growth, conchosporangia formation, and conchospores release, were examined. The optimal conditions for conchocelis growth were 24 °C and 30–40 μmol photons/(m<sup>2</sup>·s), whereas the conchosporangia formation ratio peaked at 30 °C and 10–20 μmol photons/(m<sup>2</sup>·s), yielding the highest conchospore release under these conditions. Compared with strain <em>PH-WT10</em> of <em>P. haitanensis</em>, the conchocelis of <em>PS-M4</em> displayed higher thermotolerance and superior conchospore yield. These attributes underscore the suitability of <em>PS-M4</em> for convenient and climate-resilient conchocelis cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 612-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.001
Jiban Kumar Behera , Bhaskar Behera , Manojit Bhattacharya
The most significant limiting factors in aquaculture, which comprise the majority of the rapidly expanding seafood industry, are infectious diseases of various origins, including viral, bacterial, mycotic, and parasitic infections. As a result, the global aquaculture industry has undergone a significant economic transformation in recent years. The vaccination tactics were also highly effective and affordable, protecting the fish from numerous pathogens, which is crucial for fish culture and societal issues. For over 50 years, researchers have widely recognized fish vaccination as an effective method for preventing many bacterial and viral infections. Vaccination programs enhance the environmental, social, and economic viability of global aquaculture. Science has made significant strides in both fundamental and applied research fields, opening up new paths for creating and improving innovative and efficient vaccines that protect against various infectious diseases. Therefore, recent advancement in vaccines and immunization recommend excellent opportunity to discover new vaccine alternatives these may be effective in combating viruses that cause disease in aquatic creatures. This study highlights the scientific discoveries, current understanding, and prospects for utilizing several vaccines in the aquaculture sector. This review discusses the current generation of vaccinations, including subunit, recombinant, mucosal, synthetic peptide, DNA, vectored, monovalent and polyvalent vaccine and reverse vaccinology. It also discusses the historically inactive and attenuated vaccines. This paper overview to traditional vaccines used in aquaculture and present a comprehensive outline of the more recent approaches and innovative technologies in aquaculture vaccine production.
{"title":"The present landscape of both traditional and innovative biotechnology driven vaccines for fish diseases in global aquaculture","authors":"Jiban Kumar Behera , Bhaskar Behera , Manojit Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most significant limiting factors in aquaculture, which comprise the majority of the rapidly expanding seafood industry, are infectious diseases of various origins, including viral, bacterial, mycotic, and parasitic infections. As a result, the global aquaculture industry has undergone a significant economic transformation in recent years. The vaccination tactics were also highly effective and affordable, protecting the fish from numerous pathogens, which is crucial for fish culture and societal issues. For over 50 years, researchers have widely recognized fish vaccination as an effective method for preventing many bacterial and viral infections. Vaccination programs enhance the environmental, social, and economic viability of global aquaculture. Science has made significant strides in both fundamental and applied research fields, opening up new paths for creating and improving innovative and efficient vaccines that protect against various infectious diseases. Therefore, recent advancement in vaccines and immunization recommend excellent opportunity to discover new vaccine alternatives these may be effective in combating viruses that cause disease in aquatic creatures. This study highlights the scientific discoveries, current understanding, and prospects for utilizing several vaccines in the aquaculture sector. This review discusses the current generation of vaccinations, including subunit, recombinant, mucosal, synthetic peptide, DNA, vectored, monovalent and polyvalent vaccine and reverse vaccinology. It also discusses the historically inactive and attenuated vaccines. This paper overview to traditional vaccines used in aquaculture and present a comprehensive outline of the more recent approaches and innovative technologies in aquaculture vaccine production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 423-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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