Aquaculture and Fisheries最新文献

Dietary administration of probiotic Bacillus coagulans and Mentha piperita can protect histological architecture and DNA damage in Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) 膳食中添加益生菌凝结芽孢杆菌和薄荷可保护猫鼬(Hamilton，1822)的组织结构和DNA损伤

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.002

The present experimental investigation was executed to evaluate the combined effect of probiotic bacterium Bacillus coagulans along with herb Mentha piperita on histological architecture; and extent of DNA damage after challenge trial with pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila in Catla catla. In this experiment, six dietary treatments in triplicate were formulated; C0, M3 and M6 in which M. piperita was supplemented at 0, 3, 6 g kg⁻¹ of feed, while in dietary treatments CP, MP3 and MP6; supplementation of probiotic bacterium B. coagulans at the rate of 3000 CFU g⁻¹ was done along with different inclusion level of M. piperita (0, 3, 6 g kg⁻¹ of feed). Fishes were fed for 60 days on different dietary treatments. Growth performance, histological study and extent of DNA damage using comet assay was examined. Significantly (p < 0.05) high growth % gain in BW was observed in treatment MP6 followed by treatment M6. The histological analysis clearly revealed that dietary M. piperita without or with probiotic bacterium can protect the histoarchitecture of intestinal layers and liver even after challenge with A. hydrophila. Analysis of various comet parameters (tail length, olive moment, tail DNA, head DNA) affirmed that M. piperita supplemented diet can reduce the extent of DNA damage in fishes after challenge trial with A. hydrophila, however dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium along with M. piperita can reduce the DNA damage up to larger extent confirming its combined protective effect of supplemented diets.

本实验研究旨在评估益生菌凝结芽孢杆菌和薄荷对猫鼬病原菌嗜水气单胞菌挑战试验后的组织学结构和 DNA 损伤程度的综合影响。在该实验中，共制定了六种一式三份的膳食处理：C0、M3 和 M6，其中蒌草的添加量分别为 0、3 和 6 g kg-1 饲料，而在 CP、MP3 和 MP6 膳食处理中，在添加不同水平的蒌草（0、3 和 6 g kg-1 饲料）的同时，还添加了 3000 CFU g-1 的益生菌凝结球菌。鱼类在不同的饮食处理下被喂养了 60 天。采用彗星试验对鱼类的生长性能、组织学研究和 DNA 损伤程度进行了检测。观察到 MP6 处理的体重增长百分比显著高于 M6 处理（p < 0.05）。组织学分析清楚地表明，即使在受到嗜水青虫的挑战后，不添加益生菌或添加益生菌的膳食中的蒌蒿能保护肠道层和肝脏的组织结构。对各种彗星参数（尾长、橄榄时刻、尾部 DNA、头部 DNA）的分析表明，补充瓜子黄酮的膳食可以减少鱼类在受到蚜蝇绥氏菌挑战后的 DNA 损伤程度，但在补充瓜子黄酮的同时补充益生菌可以在更大程度上减少 DNA 损伤，这证实了补充膳食的综合保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of Mstn confers growth performance in Culter alburnus juveniles CRISPR/Cas9 介导的 Mstn 基因突变可提高白腹角雉幼体的生长性能

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.04.008

Myostatin is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and functions as a negative regulator for skeletal muscle development and growth. It has become the most targeted gene in aquaculture that used for selective breeding. Previous studies involved in genome editing in several fish species confirmed that CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system was highly efficient with lower off-target effect, however, no reports were raised in Culter alburnus. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to successfully disrupt mstn gene by co-injection with Cas9 protein and the targeted sgRNA in C. alburnus. Various Indel mutations were obtained with 82% knockout efficiency in the F0 generation by PCR sequencing. In addition, mutations in mstn that induced by CRISPR/Cas9 were detected in the F1 generation by individually mating the wild-type female with the F0 generation of mstn-KO male at sexual maturity. More importantly, the body weight and length were significantly elevated in mstn ^± group when compared to those of the control. As expected in mstn ^± group, the expression level of mstn was sharply reduced, whereas a slight increase was observed in two growth-related genes (myod and myog). Moreover, higher numbers of muscle fibers were observed in mstn ^± group, meaning that growth performance in mstn ^± individuals might be represented by increasing the number of muscle fibers. Taken together, our current study successfully obtained a site-specific modification of mstn using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and these results provided a new insight for facilitating topmouth culter genetic studies and breeding.

Myostatin 是 TGF-β 超家族的成员，是骨骼肌发育和生长的负调控因子。它已成为水产养殖中用于选择性育种的最多目标基因。以往在多个鱼类物种中进行的基因组编辑研究证实，CRISPR/Cas9（Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats）系统具有高效率、低脱靶效应的特点，但在白鲑鱼中尚未见报道。在本研究中，我们采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统，通过共注射Cas9蛋白和靶向sgRNA，成功地破坏了白僵菌的mstn基因。通过PCR测序，在F0代中获得了多种Indel突变，基因敲除效率高达82%。此外，通过将野生型雌性与F0代mstn-KO雄性在性成熟时单独交配，在F1代中检测到了CRISPR/Cas9诱导的mstn突变。更重要的是，与对照组相比，mstn±组的体重和体长明显增加。正如预期的那样，在mstn±组中，mstn的表达水平急剧下降，而两个与生长相关的基因（myod和myog）的表达水平则略有上升。此外，在 mstn ± 组中观察到了更多的肌纤维，这意味着 mstn ± 组个体的生长表现可能是通过增加肌纤维数量来体现的。综上所述，本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功地对mstn进行了位点特异性修饰，这些结果为促进顶口秆鱼的遗传研究和育种提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Simvastatin enhanced growth and altered testis transcriptome profiles of male tilapias 辛伐他汀促进雄性罗非鱼的生长并改变其睾丸转录组图谱

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.010

Simvastatin (SIM), a commonly prescribed drug for lowering serum-lipid, has been detected in many aquatic environments. Exposure to high concentrations of SIM in rats and aquatic organisms resulted in toxicity to hepatocytes and negative effects on development. However, there is a paucity of studies on the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of SIM on aquaculture species. This study aimed to analyze the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1 μg/L and 1 μg/L) of SIM exposure for two months on developing Mozambique tilapias. Surprisingly, the growth of male tilapias was enhanced after a 2-month SIM exposure. The analysis of testis histology revealed that after the SIM exposure, the development of the testis was delayed, and sperm production was reduced. Sequencing of testis transcriptomes showed that the exposure to SIM altered the expression of many genes related to the development of testes and spermatogenesis. These data suggest that a 2-month exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of increases the growth of male tilapias by inhibiting sexual development of males.

辛伐他汀（SIM）是一种用于降低血清脂质的常用处方药，在许多水生环境中都被检测到。大鼠和水生生物接触高浓度 SIM 会导致肝细胞中毒，并对发育产生负面影响。然而，有关长期接触低浓度 SIM 对水产养殖物种影响的研究却很少。本研究旨在分析环境相关浓度（0.1 μg/L 和 1 μg/L）的 SIM 接触两个月对莫桑比克罗非鱼发育的影响。令人惊讶的是，雄性罗非鱼在接触 SIM 2 个月后生长速度加快。睾丸组织学分析表明，接触 SIM 后，睾丸发育延迟，精子生成减少。睾丸转录组测序表明，接触 SIM 改变了许多与睾丸发育和精子生成有关的基因的表达。这些数据表明，暴露于环境相关浓度的 SIM 2 个月会抑制雄性罗非鱼的性发育，从而影响雄性罗非鱼的生长。

引用次数: 0

Stability analysis of reef fish communities based on symbiotic graph model 基于共生图模型的珊瑚礁鱼类群落稳定性分析

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.03.005

The community stability of coral reefs and fish is the focus of ecological monitoring of coral reefs. Among them, the realization of effective metrics of variations in reef fish communities (i.e., the combined communities of coral reefs and fish) is important for analyzing the stability of communities as well as maintaining the ecological balance of coral reefs. Based on coral reef and fish data collected at St. John's Island from 2004 to 2010, this study proposes a symbiotic graph modeling method to express the biological relationships of reef fish communities, and a Pyramid Match graph kernel method for fusing Attributes (PMA) to quantify community fluctuations to measure interannual variability of communities. The results showed that the community similarity was low in 2006, 2007, and 2008. The total coral cover rate in the study area decreased by 32.04% from 2006 to 2007 and increased by 24% in 2008. The total number of fish fell from 3780 in 2006 to 2596 in 2007 and rose to 6249 in 2008. Among them, the proportion of herbivorous fish decreased to 30.84% in 2007. Furthermore, we have combined the Louvain algorithm with the proposed PMA method to effectively identify the regions that should be prioritized for protection. Experiments were conducted on real datasets with good results, demonstrating the potential of the proposed method to assist in the analysis of community stability and identification of priority conservation areas.

珊瑚礁和鱼类的群落稳定性是珊瑚礁生态监测的重点。其中，实现珊瑚礁鱼类群落（即珊瑚礁和鱼类的组合群落）变化的有效度量，对于分析群落的稳定性以及维持珊瑚礁的生态平衡具有重要意义。本研究基于 2004 年至 2010 年在圣约翰岛采集的珊瑚礁和鱼类数据，提出了表达珊瑚礁鱼类群落生物关系的共生图建模方法和量化群落波动的融合属性金字塔匹配图核方法（PMA），以衡量群落的年际变异性。结果表明，2006 年、2007 年和 2008 年的群落相似度较低。研究区域的珊瑚总覆盖率从 2006 年到 2007 年下降了 32.04%，2008 年上升了 24%。鱼类总数从 2006 年的 3780 条下降到 2007 年的 2596 条，2008 年又上升到 6249 条。其中，草食性鱼类的比例在 2007 年下降到 30.84%。此外，我们还将卢万算法与所提出的 PMA 方法相结合，有效地确定了应优先保护的区域。在真实数据集上进行的实验取得了良好的效果，证明了所提出的方法在协助分析群落稳定性和确定优先保护区域方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of biological flocculation technology (BFT) on water quality dynamics and immune response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 生物絮凝技术（BFT）对草鱼水质动态和免疫反应的影响

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.04.005

The biofloc technology (BFT) offers benefits in improving feed utilization and reducing the feed conversion ratio compared to the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to investigate and compare the bacterial communities in these aquaculture systems and the gut microbiota of grass carp reared in them. We observed a significant distinction between the microbial communities of the aquaculture systems and the intestinal microbiota of grass carp. The genera cetobacterium and bacillus were more abundant in the BFT system, accounting for only 0.05% and 0.25% in the RAS. Our study also demonstrated that BFT could influence the intestinal microorganisms of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) by reducing the relative abundance of burkholderia-caballeronia-paraburkholderia and increasing that of cetobacterium. Based on bugBase community predictions, the potential pathogenicity in BFT and grass carp intestine was lower than in RAS. Regarding gene expression in the grass carp intestine, immunosuppressive genes showed higher expression, while pro-inflammatory genes exhibited lower expression in grass carp reared in BFT. Furthermore, the final average length and weight of grass carp in the BFT system were significantly higher than those in the RAS. This study provides valuable insights into gut microbiome ecology in relation to two grass carp aquaculture systems, which could be effectively applied in grass carp management to promote health and improve water quality.

与循环水养殖系统（RAS）相比，生物絮团技术（BFT）在提高饲料利用率和降低饲料转化率方面具有优势。本研究采用高通量 16S rRNA 基因测序技术，研究并比较了这些水产养殖系统中的细菌群落以及在其中饲养的草鱼的肠道微生物群落。我们观察到水产养殖系统的微生物群落与草鱼肠道微生物群落之间存在明显差异。在 BFT 系统中，鲸杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属的数量更多，而在 RAS 系统中仅占 0.05% 和 0.25%。我们的研究还表明，BFT 可以通过降低burkholderia-caballeronia-paraburkholderia 的相对丰度和提高 cetobacterium 的相对丰度来影响草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon Idella）的肠道微生物。根据 bugBase 群落预测，BFT 和草鱼肠道的潜在致病性低于 RAS。在草鱼肠道基因表达方面，BFT饲养草鱼的免疫抑制基因表达较高，而促炎基因表达较低。此外，BFT 系统中草鱼的最终平均体长和体重明显高于 RAS 系统。本研究提供了有关两种草鱼养殖系统的肠道微生物组生态学的宝贵见解，可有效地应用于草鱼管理，以促进健康和改善水质。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of microbe-derived antioxidants on growth, digestive and aminotransferase activities, and antioxidant capacities in the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis under ammonia nitrogen stress 微生物源抗氧化剂对氨氮胁迫下中华鳖肝胰腺的生长、消化酶和转氨酶活性以及抗氧化能力的影响

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.12.002

This study evaluated the effects of feeding a microbial-derived antioxidant diet (MA) for 56 days on the growth performance of Eriocheir sinensis, as well as on digestive and metabolic enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity under ammonia stress (400 mg/L ammonia nitrogen for 48 h). The weight gain at 28d and the specific growth rate at 56ds for crabs in the MA group were significantly higher than those in the control diet (C) group (p < 0.05). Compared with the C group, the color of the hepatopancreas in the MA group was significantly improved (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the level of Hemolymph ammonia was found in the microbial antioxidant ammonia-N (MA_A) group (p < 0.05), which may be related to the decrease of transaminase (AST, ALT, GDH) activities caused by MA diet (p < 0.05). There is a significant increase in the digestive enzyme activities (Trypsin and Lipase), which reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatopancreas in the (MA_A) group (p < 0.05). In addition, the antioxidant damage of crabs in hepatopancreas caused by ammonia nitrogen toxicity could also significantly be improved by MA fed in the (MA_A) group (p < 0.05). microbe-derived antioxidants (supplemented with 0.2% in feeds) can protect the health of hepatopancreas, promote growth, and improve the ability to resist ammonia nitrogen stress for E.sinensis.

本研究评估了投喂微生物源抗氧化饲料（MA）56天对中华绒螯蟹生长性能的影响，以及在氨胁迫（400 mg/L氨氮，48 h）条件下对消化代谢酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响。MA组螃蟹28 d的增重和56 d的特定生长率显著高于对照组（P <0.05）。与 C 组相比，MA 组的肝胰脏颜色明显改善（p < 0.05）。微生物抗氧化氨-N（MA_A）组的血淋巴氨水平明显下降（p <0.05），这可能与 MA 日粮引起的转氨酶（AST、ALT、GDH）活性下降有关（p <0.05）。消化酶活性（胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶）明显增加，减少了（MA_A）组肝胰腺中甘油三酯的积累（p < 0.05）。此外，(MA_A)组螃蟹肝胰腺因氨氮毒性引起的抗氧化损伤也可通过投喂 MA 得到显著改善（p < 0.05）。微生物衍生的抗氧化剂（在饲料中添加 0.2%）可保护中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺健康，促进生长，提高其抵抗氨氮胁迫的能力。

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引用次数: 0

IKKε positively regulates NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF3-mediated type I IFN signaling pathways in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) IKKε 正向调节日本鳗鲡体内 NF-κB、MAPK 和 IRF3 介导的 IFN 信号通路

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.01.001

IKKε is an IκB kinase participating in the control of NF-κB and type I IFN signal pathways in mammals. However, the function of IKKε in regulating immune response is largely unknown in teleost. Herein, an IKKε homologue named AjIKKε was characterized in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). AjIKKε has an N-terminal kinase domain, a ubiquitin-like domain, and a coiled coil-containing domain (CC), which is conserved and similar to its counterpart in mammals. Expression analysis showed that AjIKKε could be up-regulated in kidney, spleen, and particularly in liver under the stimulation of poly I:C, LPS, and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In vitro, the mRNA levels of AjIKKε were significantly provoked in eel liver cells stimulated by LPS and poly I:C, or the different concentrations of A. hydrophila. The overexpression of AjIKKε could not only induce a significantly higher level of promoter activity of human NF-κB, AP-1, and IFN-β in a dose-dependent manner but also up-regulate the activation of promoters of Japanese eel cRel, AP1, IL6, IFN4, IRF3, and IRF7 in HEK293 cells. RNAi studies showed that after AjIKKε was knocked down, the expression levels of IL1, IL6, TNFα, c-Jun, IFN2, IFN3, MX1, MX2, and IRF3 genes were significantly down-regulated in liver, spleen, and kidney of Japanese eels. In addition, the mutants of AjIKKε-K39A, AjIKKε-S174A, and AjIKKε-ΔCC failed to activate Japanese eel IFN4, IRF3 and human IFN-β promoters in HEK293 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that AjIKKε may function as a positive regulator of NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF3-mediated type I IFN signaling pathways related to immune response evoked by bacterial and viral infection.

IKKε是一种IκB激酶，参与控制哺乳动物的NF-κB和I型IFN信号通路。然而，IKKε在远洋鱼类中调节免疫反应的功能尚不清楚。在此，研究人员鉴定了日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）中名为AjIKKε的IKKε同源物。AjIKKε具有一个N-末端激酶结构域、一个泛素样结构域和一个含线圈的结构域（CC），这些结构域与哺乳动物中的同源物保守且相似。表达分析表明，在多聚 I:C、LPS 和嗜水气单胞菌感染的刺激下，AjIKKε可在肾脏、脾脏，特别是肝脏中上调。在体外，鳗鱼肝细胞在 LPS 和 poly I:C 或不同浓度的嗜水气单胞菌的刺激下，AjIKKε的 mRNA 水平显著升高。在 HEK293 细胞中，过表达 AjIKKε 不仅能以剂量依赖的方式诱导人 NF-κB、AP-1 和 IFN-β 启动子活性水平的显著提高，还能上调日本鳗鲡 cRel、AP1、IL6、IFN4、IRF3 和 IRF7 启动子的活化。RNAi研究表明，敲除AjIKKε后，日本鳗鱼肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中IL1、IL6、TNFα、c-Jun、IFN2、IFN3、MX1、MX2和IRF3基因的表达水平显著下调。此外，AjIKKε-K39A、AjIKKε-S174A和AjIKKε-ΔCC突变体在HEK293细胞中不能激活日本鳗鱼IFN4、IRF3和人IFN-β启动子。这些结果表明，AjIKKε可能是NF-κB、MAPK和IRF3介导的I型IFN信号通路的正调控因子，与细菌和病毒感染诱发的免疫反应有关。

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引用次数: 0

A compact underwater stereo vision system for measuring fish 用于测量鱼类的紧凑型水下立体视觉系统

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.03.006

In the context of aquaculture, fish length is a key parameter to assess fish stocks, essential for feeding regime and contributes for decisions at several production levels. However, taking length measurements is a cumbersome task that, when applied to living individuals, can induce considerable stress, increasing the risk of damage or hindering their growth. Computer vision is one of the most used non-contact tools to overcome this issue, being fast, consistent and repeatable. However, its use in aquatic environments is limited by the high cost, the difficulty of calibrating the system in underwater conditions and the complexity of implementation. This paper proposes a low-cost easy-to-use vision system that can take measurements on live fish in aquatic conditions, without the need for a special calibration or a demanding in-water calibration service. The present work implemented a compact stereo vision system and developed a method that estimates the correct length of fish, based on the variation of the angle of incidence of the light rays in the water. Given some structural conditions such as a short baseline, the system is able to measure fish with an error of less than 1%. The short baseline allows to have a compact system and reduces the effect of water refraction on the 3D reconstruction. A set of experiments were performed with real fish, working robustly for a set of orientations of the fish (even when the caudal fin and snout are on different distances to the cameras).

在水产养殖方面，鱼体长度是评估鱼类种群的关键参数，对饲养制度至关重要，有助于在多个生产层面做出决策。然而，测量鱼体长度是一项繁琐的工作，如果对活体进行测量，可能会造成很大的压力，增加鱼体受损的风险或阻碍鱼体生长。计算机视觉是解决这一问题最常用的非接触式工具之一，具有快速、一致和可重复的特点。然而，由于成本高昂、在水下条件下校准系统困难以及实施复杂，计算机视觉在水生环境中的应用受到了限制。本文提出了一种低成本、易于使用的视觉系统，它可以在水生条件下对活鱼进行测量，而不需要特殊的校准或苛刻的水中校准服务。本研究采用了一种紧凑型立体视觉系统，并开发了一种根据光线在水中入射角的变化来估算鱼类正确长度的方法。在短基线等结构条件下，该系统测量鱼类的误差小于 1%。短基线可以使系统更加紧凑，并减少水折射对三维重建的影响。该系统使用真鱼进行了一系列实验，对鱼的一系列方向（即使尾鳍和吻部与摄像头的距离不同）都能稳健地工作。

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引用次数: 0

Sturgeon and paddlefish: Review of research on broodstock and early life stage management 鲟鱼和桨鱼：鱼种和早期生命阶段管理研究综述

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.04.001

Sturgeon aquaculture has taken a parallel yet unique path relative to other teleost rearing. One of the driving factors has been the fact that virtually all extant species are facing extinction; thus, laws concerning the transport and processing of sturgeon are stringent. As a result, most sturgeon companies vertically integrate the farming process from hatchery to harvest, in contrast to the production of other commercial fish species (e.g., trout, sea bass, salmon), where farmers tend to purchase fry from producers specialized only in the production of that life stage and sell product to unaffiliated fish processors. Sturgeon aquaculture is furthermore unique in the extremely high value of the main product (caviar). The secondary product (meat) also surpasses other finfish aquaculture products' average price per weight. These expensive outputs reveal the greatest challenge in production — an exceptionally long time to market from larvae to harvestable adults. For all their rigor and robustness as juveniles and adults, sturgeon species are highly fragile during larval stages. Due to the unique legal framework around sturgeon cultivation, aquaculturists often specialize in regional species, although some hybrids have achieved global popularity. This lends to a heterogenous swath of literature on best cultivation and management practices, especially at early growth stages. Nonetheless, the role of aquaculture as both a food source and restocking program to thwart further extinction of sturgeon species has hardly been fully tapped. In light of the many challenges, this review examines recent advances in sturgeon farming with an emphasis on broodstock and early life-stage management to summarize studies that can help researchers and farmers assess the industry's current state.

鲟鱼水产养殖与其他远东鱼类饲养走的是一条平行但又独特的道路。驱动因素之一是几乎所有现存物种都面临灭绝；因此，有关鲟鱼运输和加工的法律非常严格。因此，大多数鲟鱼公司对从孵化到收获的养殖过程进行垂直整合，这与其他商业鱼类（如鳟鱼、海鲈鱼、鲑鱼）的生产形成鲜明对比，在其他商业鱼类的生产过程中，养殖者倾向于从专门从事该生命阶段生产的生产商处购买鱼苗，然后将产品销售给无关联的鱼类加工商。鲟鱼养殖的独特之处还在于其主要产品（鱼子酱）的价值极高。副产品（肉）的平均单重价格也超过了其他有鳍鱼类水产养殖产品。这些昂贵的产品揭示了生产中最大的挑战--从幼鱼到可收获的成鱼，上市时间特别长。尽管鲟鱼幼鱼和成鱼都非常强壮，但它们在幼鱼阶段非常脆弱。由于有关鲟鱼养殖的独特法律框架，水产养殖者通常专门从事区域性品种的养殖，尽管一些杂交品种在全球范围内很受欢迎。因此，有关最佳养殖和管理方法的文献也是五花八门，尤其是在早期生长阶段。尽管如此，水产养殖作为一种食物来源和防止鲟鱼物种进一步灭绝的重新放养计划，其作用尚未得到充分发挥。鉴于存在诸多挑战，本综述探讨了鲟鱼养殖的最新进展，重点是鱼苗和早期生命阶段的管理，并总结了有助于研究人员和养殖者评估该行业现状的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of structural parameters on the hydrodynamic performance of vertical curved V-Type otter board 结构参数对垂直曲面 V 型獭兔板水动力性能的影响

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.004

In order to study the influence mechanism of structural type and size on the hydrodynamic performance of vertical curved V-type otter board, this paper based on the computational fluid dynamics method, a three-dimensional numerical model of vertical curved V-type otter board is established to calculate and analyze its hydrodynamic performance, and the validity of the numerical simulation results is verified by designing and constructing a scaled model for dynamic flume experiments. On this basis, the effects of different structural parameters, such as the deflector angle, camber, and spacing, on the hydrodynamic performance of the vertical curved V-Type otter board are investigated and the optimal structural design scheme is determined. The results demonstrate that single or synchronous changes of the angle, camber, and spacing of the two deflectors have varying degrees of impact on the hydrodynamic performance of the vertical curved V-Type otter board. To improve the expansion effect of the otter board, setting the angle of the deflector A to 40° and that of the deflector B to 30°, or setting the camber of deflectors A and B to 18%, or setting the spacing between deflectors A and B to 380 mm and that between the deflector and the main panel to 670 mm can increase the lift coefficient of the vertical curved V-Type otter board to its maximum value. Considering the overall performance of the otter board, when the angle of the deflector A is set to 25° and that of the deflector B is set to 30°, or the camber of the deflector A is set to 6% and that of the deflector B is set to 9%, or the spacing between deflectors A and B is set to 340 mm and that between the deflector and the main panel is set to 610 mm, the lift-to-drag ratio of the otter board can be increased to its maximum value.

为了研究结构类型和尺寸对垂直曲面V型獭兔板水动力性能的影响机理，本文基于计算流体力学方法，建立了垂直曲面V型獭兔板的三维数值模型，对其水动力性能进行了计算和分析，并通过设计和构建比例模型进行动态水槽实验，验证了数值模拟结果的有效性。在此基础上，研究了不同结构参数（如导流板角度、外倾角和间距）对垂直曲面 V 型獭兔板水动力性能的影响，并确定了最佳结构设计方案。结果表明，单一或同步改变两个导流板的角度、外倾角和间距对垂直曲面 V 型獭兔板的水动力性能有不同程度的影响。为了改善獭兔板的膨胀效果，将导流板 A 的角度设为 40°，导流板 B 的角度设为 30°，或将导流板 A 和 B 的外倾角设为 18%，或将导流板 A 和 B 之间的间距设为 380 毫米，导流板与主板之间的间距设为 670 毫米，都可以将垂直曲面 V 型獭兔板的升力系数提高到最大值。考虑到獭兔板的整体性能，当导流板 A 的角度设为 25°，导流板 B 的角度设为 30°，或导流板 A 的外倾角设为 6%，导流板 B 的外倾角设为 9%，或导流板 A 和 B 之间的间距设为 340 毫米，导流板与主板之间的间距设为 610 毫米时，獭兔板的升阻比可增至最大值。

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