Information Processing in Agriculture最新文献

Non-invasive potato defects detection has been demanded for sorting and grading purpose. Researches on the classification of the defects has been available, however, investigation on the severity level calculation is limited. For the detection of the common scab, it has been found that imaging in the infrared region provide an interesting characteristic that could distinguish defected area to normal area. Thus, investigations on this wavelength range is interesting to add more knowledge and for applications. In this research, the multispectral image has been obtained and investigated especially at three wavelengths (950, 1 150, 1 600 nm). Image pre-processing and pseudo-color conversion techniques were explored to enhance the contrast between defects, normal background skin area and soil deposits. Results show that external defects, such as common scab and some mechanical damage types, appear brighter in the near infrared region, especially at 1 600 nm against the normal skin background. It has been found that pseudo-color images conversion provides more information regarding type if surface characteristics compared to grayscale single imaging. Image segmentation using pseudo-color images after multiplication operation pre-processing could be used for common scab and mechanical damage detection excluding soil deposits with a Dice Sorensen coefficient of 0.64. In addition, image segmentation using single image at 1 600 nm shown relatively better results with Dice Sorensen coefficient of 0.72 with note that thick soil deposits will also be segmented. Defect severity level evaluation had an R² correlation of 0.84 against standard measurements of severity.

Non-isothermal convective drying schemes were examined for Lavandula × allardii leaves and inflorescences. Drying process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to ensure the peak operational performance. The effects of temperature increase rate (2–4 °C/h) and the airflow velocity (1–3 m/s) on the essential oil yield, drying duration and consumption, were investigated. A face-centered central composite design was deployed and the experimental data was adapted to the most suitable polynomial models, as determined by the regression analysis. Analysis of variance was applied to assess the effects of the process variables, their interactions and the statistical significance of the examined models. Both factors of temperature increase rate and airflow velocity had a significant impact on the drying duration. Airflow velocity had a greater effect on leaves’ essential oil yield and inflorescences’ process energy consumption, whereas the rates of temperature increase had a greater influence on the inflorescences’ essential oil yield and leaves’ energy consumption. The minimum drying duration and energy consumption were obtained for the maximum temperature increasing rate at 3 and 1 m/s airflow velocities respectively; and the highest essential oil yield was obtained for the least rate of temperature increase and airflow velocity for both leaves and inflorescences. Numerical optimization was performed for minimizing drying duration and energy consumption by maximizing the essential oil yield. The rate of temperature increases of 4 °C/h and the airflow velocity of 1 m/s, were proposed as the optimum non-isothermal drying conditions for both leaves and inflorescences of Lavandula × allardii. Predicted values of essential oil content have been 1.387/3.05 mL/g, 4.21/4.18 h drying time and 0.809/0.732 kWh energy consumption at the optimum operation point for leaves and inflorescences, respectively. The resulted optimized non-stationary temperature scheme considerably improved the drying kinetics and the process consumption by achieving a similar essential oil recovery with the standard low-temperature convective drying. The present study aimed to eliminate the preexisting gap of the optimum selection of the process parameters for the particular type of the examined non-isothermal drying schemes. Previous findings could be utilized for designing dryers and drying schedules aiming to retain the qualitative attributes, by reducing the cost and duration of the drying operations.