Oil Crop Science最新文献

Flax is considered to be one of the most significant dual-purpose crops for oil and fiber production in Egypt and worldwide. Biofertilizers have a substantial impact on various metabolic processes, including increased photosynthesis, endogenous hormone levels, ion absorption, nucleic acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. These factors collectively contribute to the growth and development of plants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how three biofertilizers (Algae extract, CMS as a by-product of yeast, and Metalosate multi minerals as amino acids) can enhance both the quantity and quality of flax seed yield under sandy soil conditions. Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of National Research Centre in Nubaria District, Behira Governorate, Egypt during two seasons (2021/2022) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed significant differences among all tested biofertilizers in terms of various characteristics studied in flax. Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 ​mL/L resulted in an increase in seed yield (ton/ha) by 26.69% & 19.89%, straw yield (ton/ha) by 8.08% & 17.12%, and oil yield (kg/ha) by 47.72% & 33.69% compared to the control group during both seasons respectively. Foliar applications of algae extract at a rate of 1.5 ​mL/L along with CMS at a rate of 5 ​mL/L and amino acids at a rate of 1.5 ​mL/L demonstrated significantly higher macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content, and protein content in flax seeds during both seasons. The highest values for seed oil content and protein content % were obtained through foliar application of amino acids at a rate of 1.50 ​mL/L. It can be concluded that foliar sprays with these biofertilizers effectively improved flax performance by increasing seed straw and oil yields, nutrients oil, protein and fatty acids seeds contents.

The manuscript explores the complex interplay between groundnut genotypes, salt tolerance and hormonal influence, shedding light on the dynamic responses of three specific groundnut genotypes, KDG-128, TG-37 ​A and GG-20, to salt treatments and gibberellic acid (GA₃). The study encompasses germination, plant growth, total protein content and oil content as key parameters. Through comprehensive analysis, it identifies TG-37 ​A and KDG-128 as salt-tolerant genotypes, and GG-20 as salt-susceptible genotypes, which highlighting the potential for targeted breeding efforts to develop more resilient groundnut varieties. Moreover, the quantification of protein and oil content under different treatments provides vital data for optimizing nutritional profiles in groundnut cultivars. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) underscores the significance of the first principal component (PC1) in explaining the majority of variance, capturing primary trends and differences in plant length. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical analysis confirm the presence of statistically significant differences in protein and oil content among the genotypes. Pearson's correlation coefficient matrix analysis reveals strong positive correlations between plant length and protein content, plant length and oil content, and a moderately positive correlation between protein content and oil content. These findings provide valuable insights into groundnut physiology, salt tolerance, and nutritional composition, with implications for future research in sustainable agriculture and crop improvement.

Vegetable oil production from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important industry due to the rising demand every year. The somatic embryogenesis culture can propagate oil palm duplicate as parent plant, which can be selected as breeding material to produce new planting germplasm with high production or disease resistance. This study aims to evaluate the genotypic effect of somatic embryogenesis, while immature leaflets were employed as explants. The culture used embryo induction medium based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modifications that contained 5 ​mg/L Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 ​mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). The genotypic effect was statistically significant in the percentage of callus induction, producing somatic embryos, and germination embryos. In this study, we successfully cloned thirteen oil palm genotypes (GE-02, GE-03, GE-06, GE-07, GE-09, GE-23, GE-24, GE-27, GE-28, GE-32, GE-33, GE-34, and GE-35), with the highest number of somatic embryos formed on GE-27 with a percentage of 70.1%. The cloning was successful in accelerating the propagation of oil palm for materials breeding programs to create new varieties with high production and disease resistance. It is necessary to observation the performance of these clones in the field in terms of mantle flower appearance.

Selenium (Se)-enriched Brassica napus L. is a valuable organic Se supplement. In this study, the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se (FFS) was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L. Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 ​mg/g in the freeze-dried sample. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented (FS) groups. Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles, while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds. The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents, making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase activity. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS. ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin sensitization, or blood-brain barrier penetration, indicating a favorable level of biosafety. Overall, our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L. in foods.

Among plants, there is considerable variation in lifespan: annuals live less than one year, whereas perennials live for several years, with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years. As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory, this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources, with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons. Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress, which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage. The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax (Linum L.) subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress (i.e., foliar H₂O₂ spraying) and complete prolonged darkness. As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions, we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses. We predicted that i) perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals, and ii) perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals. Chlorophyll levels before, during, and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails, once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry. While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials, contrary to our predictions, chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials, as predicted. When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness, chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals, as predicted; however, when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod, chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently differ between annuals and perennials, though they tended to be higher in the latter, as predicted. Overall, our study illuminates that evolutionary transitions between life history strategies in plants have been accompanied by physiological modifications to chlorophyll dynamics that permit perennial species to better maintain chlorophyll levels—and thus photosynthetic energy acquisition—in the face of exogenous stressors, which likely underlies their capacity to survive for multiple growing seasons. Future studies should explore whether other key biomolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA) are also better maintained in perennial plants, especially in the face of exogenous stress.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits. SHI RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) proteins are the transcription factors (TFs) specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc figure domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes. They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation, leaf development, floral development, hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Nevertheless, the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet. In this study, identification, molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship, cis-acting regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction, syntenic relationship, duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S. indicum. We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S. indicum genome by comparing with the other species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like 2–5 exons and 1–4 introns. Like other species, SiSRS proteins also contained ‘RING-like zinc figure’ and ‘LRP1’ domains. Then, the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S. indicum, A. thaliana, and some other plant species. The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4 (SIN_1011561) showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light- and phytohormone-responses whereas, SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187) showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response. The ABREs, or ABA-responsive elements, were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3 (SIN 1009100). Moreover, the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples, especially in drought and salinity conditions in. S. indicum. Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187) and SiSRS5 (SIN_1021065), also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes, including SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187), SiSRS2 (SIN_1003328) and SiSRS5 (SIN_1021065) were responsive to salinity treatments. The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S. indicum and other related species.

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding. In this study, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples, field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environment-based sets: one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population, evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries, Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal, under rainfed conditions. NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample, after three rotation scans, with a spectral resolution of 16 cm^-1 over the spectral range of 867 nm to 2530 ​nm. Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). As results, a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments. The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 ​nm, usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition. PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs (i.e., eigenvalues >10), which together captured 93% of the total variation, revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters, corresponding to the four samples sets. The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers, remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection, turning out to be the largest. Interestingly, a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6% was achieved for the four sets, aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin. The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100% of instances classified correctly with 100% at both sensitivity and specificity, confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples. Overall, NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection, as a source of nutritional diversity, to support the breeding efforts.

The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination, depending on raw material, preparation method and application dose. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination. Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300 ​°C (SCB300), 400 ​°C (SCB400) and 600 ​°C (SCB600). Then, each one was mixed into sand at 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) dose, respectively. The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation, when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined. To evaluate the metabolome, the dry biomass (DB) was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d₄ and D₂O (1:1 v/v). The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The Relative Germination, Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control. On the other hand, the DB increased in all treatments, except for SCB300, at doses of 1% and 3% w/w. Seven metabolites (alanine, asparagine, acetic acid, citric acid, glycerol, fatty acids and sucrose) were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.