Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Oil Crop Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.12.001

Yuting Zou , Rijin Zhou , Yinghai Xu , Mengyu Hao , Wenxiang Wang , Jia Liu , Wenliang Wei

Drought and salt stresses are major abiotic factors that severely affect the growth, development, and yield formation of Brassica napus. Human derived FTO gene (Fat mass and obesity-associated), is a member of the AlkB family, encoding a mRNA demethylase that is dependent on α-ketoglutarate. Although previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous overexpression of FTO gene can increase plant biomass, its impact on plant stress resistance is still unclear. In this study, we cloned the FTO gene and conducted an analysis of its biological functions for drought and salt resistance for Brassicaceae plants. By overexpressing the FTO gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, the inhibitory effect of salt and drought stress on the root length growth of transgenic lines was significantly lower than that of the control. Moreover, the overexpression of FTO markedly enhanced the tolerance of Arabidopsis to drought and salt stress. It also led to a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an increase in proline content, and a boost in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Meanwhile, when the FTO gene was heterologously expressed in B. napus, the transgenic plants were less affected by stress. In comparison to control plants, they exhibited significantly lower MDA levels and markedly higher proline content and SOD activity. Furthermore, staining results with Trypan blue and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining indicate that the FTO gene can alleviate the damage to plants under stress and inhibit the accumulation of O₂⁻. Comprehensively, the results indicate that overexpression of the FTO gene can improve the drought and salt tolerance in transgenic plants, providing valuable references for further exploring the FTO-mediated stress resistance mechanisms.

干旱和盐胁迫是严重影响甘蓝型油菜生长发育和产量形成的主要非生物因子。人类衍生的FTO基因（脂肪质量和肥胖相关）是AlkB家族的成员，编码依赖于α-酮戊二酸的mRNA去甲基化酶。虽然已有研究表明外源过表达FTO基因可以增加植物生物量，但其对植物抗逆性的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们克隆了FTO基因，并对其在芸苔科植物抗旱、耐盐方面的生物学功能进行了分析。通过在拟南芥中过表达FTO基因，盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对转基因品系根长生长的抑制作用显著低于对照。此外，FTO的过表达显著增强了拟南芥对干旱和盐胁迫的耐受性。它还导致丙二醛（MDA）含量降低，脯氨酸含量增加，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强。同时，当FTO基因在甘蓝型油菜中异种表达时，转基因植株受胁迫的影响较小。与对照植株相比，其MDA含量显著降低，脯氨酸含量和SOD活性显著提高。此外，台番蓝和硝基蓝四唑（NBT）染色结果表明，FTO基因可以减轻胁迫对植物的伤害，抑制O2−的积累。综上所述，FTO基因的过表达可以提高转基因植物的耐旱性和耐盐性，为进一步探索FTO介导的抗逆性机制提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of sowing peanut with shells on key agronomic traits and yield 播带壳花生对主要农艺性状及产量的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Oil Crop Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.009

Kunkun Zhao , Xufa Du , Pan Zhang, Jiakai Song, Peiyuan Du, Qikang Wang, Dongmei Yin

The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds; however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield potential of planting with shells remains limited. In this study, we present a novel approach—peanut sowing with shells (P-S-S)—that promotes plant growth, enhances root development, and increases yield. This method also improves seed quality and elevates protein and oil content. Field trials conducted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and northeastern China demonstrate the technique's broad adaptability, resulting in an average yield increase of 12.9%, with gains reaching up to 41% in northeastern areas, even under a 20% reduction in seeding rate. We have refined a standardized planting protocol for P-S-S based on the principle of “Two Reductions and Two Increases”: reduced input costs and post-harvest losses, along with increased production and economic benefits. This innovation contributes significantly to the advancement of peanut cultivation practices in China.

花生种植制度在农业产业的发展中起着至关重要的作用。传统上，花生是作为带壳种子播种的；然而，目前对贝壳种植的农艺性能和产量潜力的系统研究还很有限。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的方法-花生带壳播种(P-S-S) -促进植物生长，促进根系发育，提高产量。这种方法还可以改善种子质量，提高蛋白质和油脂含量。在黄淮海地区和中国东北地区进行的田间试验表明，该技术具有广泛的适应性，平均产量提高了12.9%，在播种率降低20%的情况下，东北地区的产量提高了41%。我们根据“两减两增”原则，制定了P-S-S标准化种植方案，即降低投入成本和收获后损失，同时提高产量和经济效益。这一创新为中国花生种植实践的进步做出了重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Application of ultrasound and artificial intelligence in the prediction of fetal chromosomal numerical abnormalities. 超声与人工智能在胎儿染色体数字异常预测中的应用。

Q3 Medicine

遗传

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-070

Lin-Yao Tang, Jing-Rou-Zi Wu, Ge Lin

Fetal chromosomal numerical abnormalities is a significant cause of pregnancy loss and birth defects. Ultrasound has emerged as a critical modality for fetal chromosomal anomaly screening due to its real-time capability, repeatability, and safety. However, its clinical application remains constrained by operator expertise variability and inconsistent image quality. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into conventional ultrasound has enabled the development of AI-based predictive models that overcome traditional screening limitations. These models demonstrate superior predictive performance compared to conventional methods while enabling simultaneous detection of rare chromosomal abnormalities. This review summarizes recent advances in synergistic applications of ultrasound and AI for fetal chromosomal aneuploidy prediction, comparatively analyzes the technical strengths and limitations of traditional versus AI-based predictive models, and discusses challenges including multicenter data standardization and model interpretability. These advancements provide novel directions for non-invasive precision prenatal screening.

胎儿染色体数目异常是导致妊娠丢失和出生缺陷的重要原因。由于其实时性、可重复性和安全性，超声已成为胎儿染色体异常筛查的关键方式。然而，其临床应用仍然受到操作员专业知识变化和不一致的图像质量的限制。人工智能（AI）与传统超声的结合，使得基于人工智能的预测模型得以发展，克服了传统筛查的局限性。与传统方法相比，这些模型显示出优越的预测性能，同时能够同时检测罕见的染色体异常。本文综述了超声与人工智能协同应用于胎儿染色体非整倍体预测的最新进展，比较分析了传统预测模型与人工智能预测模型的技术优势和局限性，并讨论了多中心数据标准化和模型可解释性等挑战。这些进展为无创精准产前筛查提供了新的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Changes of epigenetic modification and donor cell metabolic status can improve the developmental efficiency of canine-porcine interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. 表观遗传修饰和供体细胞代谢状态的改变可以提高犬-猪种间体细胞核移植胚胎的发育效率。

Q3 Medicine

遗传

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-109

Yan-Xia Yan, Yu-Han Zhang, Zhen-Fang Wu, Zi-Cong Li

To explore new ways to improve canine cloning efficiency, this study compared the effects of different concentrations and treatment times of glycolysis promoter PS48 and epigenetic modifiers (DNA methylase inhibitor RG108 and histone deacetylase inhibitor Scriptaid) on the developmental ability of canine-porcine interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos. The results showed that (1) 5 μmol/L PS48 treatment on canine ear fibroblasts (cEFs) and canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAd-MSCs) for 24 h significantly enhanced subsequent iSCNT embryo development. The cleavage rate, 4-cell stage rate and 8-cell stage rate of iSCNT embryos produced from PS48-treated cEFs were significantly higher than those of control iSCNT embryos (46.90±1.64% vs 13.30±1.61%, 32.30±1.55% vs 8.26±0.88%, and 10.62±1.68% vs 5.50±0.84%; P<0.05). The cleavage and 4-cell stage rates of iSCNT embryos generated from PS48-treated cAd-MSCs were significantly higher than those of control iSCNT embryos (49.51±3.00% vs 31.25±2.73%, 26.21±2.08% vs 15.18±1.58%; P<0.05). (2) Treatment of cEFs and cAd-MSCs with 20 μmol/L RG108 for 48 h had no significant effect on the developmental efficiency of iSCNT embryos. Treatment of cEFs and cAd-MSCs with 0 nmol/L, 400 nmol/L, 500 nmol/L and 600 nmol/L Scriptaid for 24 h had no significant effect on the developmental efficiency of iSCNT embryos. (3) Treatment of iSCNT embryos derived from two types of donor cells with 20 μmol/L RG108 significantly promoted their developmental competence (P<0.05). Treatment of iSCNT embryos derived from cEFs with 500 nmol/L Scriptaid for 16 h significantly increased their cleavage and 4-cell stage rates (23.08±2.94% vs 9.47±1.70%, 18.68±3.25% vs 6.32±1.07%; P<0.05). This study established some new methods that can significantly improve the developmental efficiency of canine-porcine iSCNT embryos, thereby contributing to the development and application of canine somatic cell cloning technology.

为了探索提高犬克隆效率的新途径，本研究比较了不同浓度和处理次数的糖酵解启动子PS48和表观遗传修饰因子（DNA甲基化酶抑制剂RG108和组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂Scriptaid）对犬-猪种间体细胞核移植（iSCNT）胚胎发育能力的影响。结果表明(1)5 μmol/L PS48处理犬耳成纤维细胞（cEFs）和犬脂肪组织源性间充质干细胞（cAd-MSCs） 24 h，显著促进后续iSCNT胚胎发育。ps48处理的cEFs产生的iSCNT胚胎的卵裂率、4细胞期率和8细胞期率均显著高于对照iSCNT胚胎(46.90±1.64% vs 13.30±1.61%,32.30±1.55% vs 8.26±0.88%,10.62±1.68% vs 5.50±0.84%;pv vs 31.25±2.73%,26.21±2.08% vs 15.18±1.58%

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引用次数: 0

Automated detection of larval stages of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) through deep learning augmented with optical flow 利用光流增强的深度学习技术自动检测黑兵蝇（Hermetia illucens Linnaeus）幼虫阶段

IF 7.4 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Information Processing in Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2025.05.001

Gianluca Manduca , Lloyd T. Wilson , Cesare Stefanini , Donato Romano

The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens has garnered significant attention for its potential in sustainable waste management, nutrient recycling, and the production of valuable resources such as protein-rich animal feed and biofuels. Traditional mass production methods remain labor-intensive and error-prone, needing automated solutions. A critical challenge is the precise identification of BSF different life stages which is essential for optimizing feeding strategies, harvesting, and overall system efficiency. This study explores the use of deep learning, combined with optical flow analysis, to identify BSF life stages, particularly larvae, prepupae, and pupae. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was employed for real-time BSF larval stages detection. Training, validation, and test were performed on a comprehensive custom dataset of 2130 images. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, and mean Average Precision (mAP) were assessed. Overall, the CNN model showed a precision of 0.96, a recall of 0.95, and a [email protected] of 0.97 on the test set, confirming its generalization capability and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. The integration of optical flow enhanced the model’s performance by leveraging prior knowledge of motor activity, particularly for identifying and correcting false positives in pupae classification. Automated identification of BSF larval stages optimizes resource management, reduces operational costs, and enhances the economic viability of BSF-based systems. The proposed system extends beyond terrestrial concerns, with potential implications for bioregenerative life-support systems, a promising space technology.

黑兵蝇（BSF） Hermetia illucens因其在可持续废物管理、养分回收和生产富含蛋白质的动物饲料和生物燃料等宝贵资源方面的潜力而引起了广泛关注。传统的批量生产方法仍然是劳动密集型的，容易出错，需要自动化的解决方案。一个关键的挑战是准确识别生物生物的不同生命阶段，这对于优化饲养策略、收获和整体系统效率至关重要。本研究探索了使用深度学习和光流分析相结合的方法来识别生物丝虫病的生命阶段，特别是幼虫、预蛹和蛹。采用卷积神经网络（CNN）模型实时检测BSF幼虫分期。训练、验证和测试是在2130张图像的综合定制数据集上进行的。评估指标包括精密度、召回率和平均平均精密度（mAP）。总体而言，CNN模型在测试集上的准确率为0.96，召回率为0.95，[email protected]为0.97，证实了其在现实场景中的泛化能力和有效性。光流的集成通过利用运动活动的先验知识增强了模型的性能，特别是在蛹分类中识别和纠正误报方面。BSF幼虫阶段的自动识别优化了资源管理，降低了运营成本，并提高了基于BSF的系统的经济可行性。拟议的系统超出了对地球的关注，对生物再生生命支持系统有潜在的影响，这是一项有前途的空间技术。

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引用次数: 0

Typological and ancient DNA evidences reveal the influence of Ming dynasty migration on the Shengjizui population in Bishan, Chongqing. 类型学和古DNA证据揭示了明朝移民对重庆璧山圣集嘴种群的影响。

Q3 Medicine

遗传

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-069

Bo-Xuan Zhao, Lei Gao, Zi-Qing Lin, Yuan-Yuan Shen, Jian-Xue Xiong, Wei Huang, Da-di Li, Pan-Xin Du, Shao-Qing Wen

Historical migration activities have played a crucial role in the exchange and dissemination of populations and cultures, leading to significant cultural transformations in certain regions. Previous research has often focused on historical documents and archaeological materials, with less emphasis on integrating genetic evidence for a more comprehensive analysis. The Shengjizui cemetery, located in Bishan District, Chongqing, is characterized by its row-style stone chamber tombs and has yielded numerous burial artifacts and human remains. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of some of the burial artifacts unearthed from the Shengjizui cemetery with those from tombs in the same region and period, determining that the cemetery dates back to the mid to late Ming Dynasty. The results also revealed that the granary jar culture of the Shengjizui population was influenced by the Huguang region. Furthermore, the analysis of uniparental genetic markers from human bone samples indicated that the cemetery was likely a clan burial site predominantly featuring the paternal genetic lineage D1ala1a1b-Z31611, while the maternal lineage was more akin to the Han population in Southeastern China. By combining archaeological typological comparisons with historical literature, these findings suggest that the Shengjizui population was influenced by migration activities during the Ming Dynasty, providing valuable genetic evidence for the study of local and migration history in Southwest China.

历史上的移徙活动在人口和文化的交流和传播方面发挥了关键作用，导致某些区域的重大文化变革。以前的研究通常集中在历史文献和考古材料上，较少强调整合遗传证据以进行更全面的分析。圣集嘴墓地位于重庆市璧山区，以其排式石室墓葬为特色，出土了大量的墓葬文物和人类遗骸。在这项研究中，我们对圣鸡嘴墓地出土的一些陪葬品与同一地区和时期的墓葬进行了比较分析，确定圣鸡嘴墓地的历史可以追溯到明朝中后期。结果还表明，盛积嘴种群的仓储罐文化受到湖广地区的影响。此外，来自人骨样本的单系遗传标记分析表明，该墓地可能是一个以父系遗传谱系D1ala1a1b-Z31611为主要特征的氏族墓地，而母系更接近于中国东南部的汉族人群。结合考古类型学与历史文献的比较，这些发现表明明代盛积嘴种群受到了迁徙活动的影响，为研究西南地区的地方史和迁徙史提供了有价值的遗传学证据。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of advanced rapeseed pretreatment technology on minor compounds in rapeseed oil: A review 先进的菜籽预处理技术对菜籽油中微量化合物的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Oil Crop Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.11.001

Dan Wang , Jinghan Miao , Hua Zhang , Hong Chen , Fang Wei

Rapeseed is the primary domestic source of edible vegetable oil in China. Its oil is naturally rich in phytosterols, polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoids and other lipid-soluble companions, which are highly beneficial to human health. Since the content and bioaccessibility of these health-promoting companions are mostly locked during the first post-harvest operation, the pretreatment technology has become the decisive lever for simultaneously maximizing oil yield and nutritional value. This review critically synthesizes recent findings on how rapeseed pretreatment modulates its signature lipid companions, contrasts conventional roasting with emerging pulsed-electric field, microwave and steam-explosion technologies, and evaluates their respective impacts on extraction efficiency, structural integrity and functional performance on phytosterols, polyphenols, tocopherols and carotenoids. It particularly compares and analyzes the extraction efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact for these emerging technologies, and discusses the prospects for their integrated applications. Furthermore, the review concludes with the current research trends in pretreatment technology and offers insights into future research directions, aiming to provide scientific guidance for the high-quality processing of rapeseed and the production of rapeseed oil with high nutritional value.

菜籽是中国国内食用植物油的主要来源。其油天然富含植物甾醇、多酚、生育酚、类胡萝卜素等脂溶性伴侣，对人体健康非常有益。由于这些有益健康的伴生物的含量和生物可及性大多在采收后的第一次操作中被锁定，因此预处理技术成为同时实现油脂产量和营养价值最大化的决定性杠杆。本文综述了油菜籽预处理如何调节其特征脂质伙伴的最新研究成果，对比了传统烘焙与新兴的脉冲电场、微波和蒸汽爆炸技术，并评估了它们各自对植物甾醇、多酚、生育酚和类胡萝卜素的提取效率、结构完整性和功能性能的影响。特别对这些新兴技术的萃取效率、成本效益和环境影响进行了比较和分析，并讨论了它们综合应用的前景。综述了目前预处理技术的研究趋势，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在为油菜籽的高品质加工和高营养价值油菜籽油的生产提供科学指导。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies genetic loci and candidate genes for variation in protein and oil content in Sesamum indicum L. 全基因组关联研究（GWAS）鉴定了芝麻蛋白和油脂含量变异的遗传位点和候选基因。

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Oil Crop Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.08.002

Habtamu Kefale , Rong Zhou , Muez Berhe , Ahmed A. Abbas , Chris O. Ojiewo , Huan Li , Ting Zhou , Jun You , Linhai Wang

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient diploid oilseed crop valued for its high oil content, quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants. The emerging research focuses on the utilization of vegetable proteins in the development of novel products and the formulation of functional foods. Developing sesame genotypes with higher protein and oil content is a current focus for improving sesame quality traits, as preferred by the sesame seed oil industry and consumers. Despite previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on various agronomic and biochemical traits in sesame, the genetic basis of protein content and oil content remains limited. Therefore, this study was designed to identify candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regulating the target traits using 401 sesame accessions grown in three environments (2018WH, 2018LQ, and 2022WH). The protein and oil content in the sesame population varied significantly. The protein content ranged from 15.06% to 26.45%, while the oil content was between 41.68% and 60.15%. Furthermore, the white seeds had a higher oil content, while the black seeds had a higher protein content, indicating an association between seed colour and oil and protein content. GWAS results revealed that 632 and 269 QTLs were selected as significant genetic regions for protein and oil content, respectively. Of these significant QTLs, we identified 10 and 22 stable QTLs for protein and oil content, respectively. A total of 17 candidate genes related to protein and oil content were identified within 32 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Interestingly, two variant sites, SNP13:10093594 and InDel13:10935497, related to protein content, were identified in the gene sequences of SINPZ1300586 and SINPZ1300694. Four SNPs, SNP1:22608987, SNP4:13355820, SNP8:21686488, and SNP11:142842, for oil content were found correspond to the genes SINPZ0102106, SINPZ0401222, SINPZ0801731, and SINPZ1100015, respectively. The findings provide light on the genetic basis of protein and oil characteristics. These genes and QTLs can aid the molecular breeding and genetic engineering of innovative sesame germplasm, with improved potential for protein and oil content, as well as desired quality attributes.

芝麻（Sesamum indicum L.）是一种古老的二倍体油籽作物，因其高含油量、优质蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸和抗氧化剂而受到重视。新兴的研究重点是利用植物蛋白开发新产品和功能食品的配方。开发蛋白质和油脂含量较高的芝麻基因型是目前改善芝麻品质性状的重点，受到芝麻油行业和消费者的青睐。尽管已有关于芝麻各种农艺和生化性状的全基因组关联研究，但蛋白质含量和油脂含量的遗传基础仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在利用在2018WH、2018LQ和2022WH三种环境下生长的401份芝麻材料，鉴定调控目标性状的候选基因和数量性状位点（qtl）。不同芝麻群体的蛋白质和油脂含量差异显著。蛋白质含量为15.06% ~ 26.45%，含油量为41.68% ~ 60.15%。此外，白色种子的油含量较高，而黑色种子的蛋白质含量较高，表明种子颜色与油和蛋白质含量之间存在关联。GWAS结果显示，分别有632个和269个qtl作为蛋白质含量和油脂含量的显著遗传区域。在这些重要的qtl中，我们分别鉴定出10个和22个稳定的蛋白质和油含量qtl。在32个稳定数量性状位点（qtl）中共鉴定出17个与蛋白质和油脂含量相关的候选基因。有趣的是，在SINPZ1300586和SINPZ1300694基因序列中发现了两个与蛋白质含量相关的变异位点SNP13:10093594和InDel13:10935497。结果发现，与含油量有关的4个snp分别为：SNP1:22608987、SNP4:13355820、SNP8:21686488和SNP11:142842，分别与SINPZ0102106、SINPZ0401222、SINPZ0801731和SINPZ1100015基因对应。这一发现为蛋白质和油脂特性的遗传基础提供了线索。这些基因和qtl可用于创新芝麻种质资源的分子育种和遗传工程，具有提高蛋白质和油脂含量的潜力，以及所需的品质属性。

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引用次数: 0

Development of novel genotypes of peanut with resistance to stem rot, large pod and seed 花生抗茎腐病、大荚果和种子新基因型的培育

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Oil Crop Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.07.001

Wanduo Song, Dongyang Yu, Yanping Kang, Qianqian Wang, Yong Lei, Zhihui Wang, Dongxin Huai, Xin Wang, Boshou Liao, Yuning Chen, Liying Yan

Stem rot caused by Agroathelia rolfsii (syn. Sclerotium rolfsii) is one of the major biotic constraints to peanut production in many countries, particularly under high temperature and humidity conditions. Developing disease-resistant cultivars represents a more sustainable strategy. To generate peanut germplasm integrating stem rot resistance and elite yield traits, this study utilized a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, consisting of 242 lines, derived from a cross between Zhonghua212 (medium-seeded, resistant parent), and Zhonghua21 (large-seeded, susceptible parent). A multi-environment evaluation was conducted for disease resistance profiling in the fields with artificial inoculation, and for yield-related traits assessment. The results indicated that twenty-two RIL lines exhibited consistent moderate resistance across all tested locations. Fifty RILs consistently expressed large pod (100-pod weight >180 g) and large seed (100-seed weight >80 g) phenotypes in two environments. Three elite RIL lines (BJF66, BJF119 and BJF137) combined moderate resistance with superior pod/seed traits, providing valuable genetic sources for breeding programs targeting both disease resistance and productivity. This study established a foundational germplasm pool for advancing stem rot resistant, high-yielding peanut varieties, aligning with sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate A. rolfsii threats.

在许多国家，特别是在高温高湿条件下，由罗尔夫氏核霉（Agroathelia rolfsii）引起的茎腐病是制约花生生产的主要生物之一。培育抗病品种是一种更可持续的策略。为了获得集抗茎腐和优良产量性状于一体的花生种质资源，本研究利用中华212（中种子，抗性亲本）和中华21（大种子，易感亲本）杂交的242个重组自交系（RIL）群体。采用多环境评价方法，对人工接种大田的抗病性进行了分析，并对产量性状进行了评价。结果表明，22个RIL系在所有测试地点表现出一致的中等抗性。50个ril在两种环境下一致表达大荚果（100粒重180g）和大种子（100粒重80g）表型。三个RIL精英品系（BJF66、BJF119和BJF137）结合了中等抗性和优异的荚果/种子性状，为抗病和高产育种计划提供了宝贵的遗传资源。本研究为培育抗茎腐病高产花生品种建立了基础种质资源库，并与可持续农业实践相一致，以减轻罗氏僵杆菌的威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Combining multiple spectral preprocessing and wavelength optimization methods improves potato aboveground biomass estimation 结合多光谱预处理和波长优化方法，改进了马铃薯地上生物量估算方法

IF 7.4 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Information Processing in Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2025.06.001

Yang Liu , Yiguang Fan , Jiejie Fan , Jibo Yue , Riqiang Chen , Yanpeng Ma , Mingbo Bian , Fuqin Yang , Haikuan Feng

Aboveground biomass (AGB) reflects the accumulation of crop photosynthesis, and AGB data guide agricultural production and field management practices. AGB can be estimated using UAV hyperspectral data; however, external factors and high-dimensional data lead to uncertainties. To address these issues, a cascading spectral preprocessing and band-optimized AGB estimation framework are proposed. We collected canopy hyperspectral reflectance and potato AGB data across two varieties, three planting densities, four nitrogen levels, and two potassium treatments during three growth stages. Then, we systematically compared the performance of Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), first-order differentiation (FOD) and their cascaded combinations. We also rigorously evaluated the ability of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), successive projection algorithm (SPA) and their cascaded combination (CARS-SPA) to identify sensitive bands. The results indicated that cascaded spectral preprocessing methods significantly enhance the accuracy of potato AGB estimation. Among these approaches, the SG-MSC-FOD cascade performed most effectively. The combination of CARS and SPA yielded the fewest model variables while achieving the highest estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the integration of SG-MSC-FOD and CARS-SPA with partial least squares regression achieved the highest accuracy in AGB estimation across multiple growth stages, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.73, root mean square error (RMSE) of 256.09 kg/hm², and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 21.51 %. We validated the proposed method under different varieties, planting densities, and nitrogen and potassium treatments. This approach effectively reduces noise, lowers dimensionality, and enhances AGB estimation accuracy, providing a reliable solution for monitoring potato crop growth using hyperspectral remote sensing.

地上生物量（AGB）反映了作物光合作用的积累，AGB数据指导农业生产和田间管理实践。利用无人机高光谱数据估算AGB；然而，外部因素和高维数据导致了不确定性。为了解决这些问题，提出了一种级联光谱预处理和带优化AGB估计框架。本研究采集了2个品种、3种种植密度、4种氮素水平和2种钾肥处理在3个生育期的冠层高光谱反射率和马铃薯AGB数据。然后，系统地比较了Savitzky-Golay （SG）平滑、乘法散射校正（MSC）、一阶微分（FOD）及其级联组合的性能。我们还严格评估了竞争自适应重加权采样（CARS）、连续投影算法（SPA）及其级联组合（CARS-SPA）识别敏感波段的能力。结果表明，级联光谱预处理方法显著提高了马铃薯AGB估计的精度。在这些方法中，SG-MSC-FOD级联最有效。CARS和SPA的组合在获得最高估计精度的同时产生最少的模型变量。此外，SG-MSC-FOD和CARS-SPA结合偏最小二乘回归对多个生长阶段的AGB估计精度最高，决定系数（R2）为0.73，均方根误差（RMSE）为256.09 kg/hm2，归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）为21.51%。在不同品种、不同种植密度、不同氮钾处理条件下对该方法进行了验证。该方法有效地降低了噪声，降低了维数，提高了AGB估计精度，为马铃薯作物生长的高光谱遥感监测提供了可靠的解决方案。

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