Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.2.5
Walter Odhiambo Otieno, Reuben Oyoo Mosi, Peter Bulli
Chironomidae commonly inhabits most aquatic habitats and often dominate aquatic insect communities in abundance and species richness. Despite their ecological importance, the diversity and distribution of chironomids in the Lake Victoria ecosystem of Kenya have not been studied to date. Here we report on the diversity and distribution of adult Chironomidae in Usenge, Mbita and Ogal beaches of the Lake Victoria ecosystem in Kenya using morphological features and sequence data of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Wing venation-based microscopic characterization identified four genera, Tanypus, Coelotanypus, Dicrotendipes and Chironomus. The COI gene barcoding further revealed several species, including Kiefferulus brevibucca, Chironomus flaviplumus, Polypedilum fuscovittatum, Polypedilum sp. and Dicrotendipes sp. The identified species were grouped into three clusters based on neighbor-joining phylogenetic approach. Differences in species richness were observed among the three study sites, with Mbita exhibiting the highest species richness. The evolutionary analysis revealed relatedness among all the identified species, suggesting a shared recent common ancestor. Unlike previous studies, this study represents thefirst report on detailed characterization of Chironomidae in the Lake Victoria ecosystem of Kenya. Moreover, this study serves as a first step towards a comprehensive understanding of the range of species of Chironomidae inhabiting this ecosystem.
{"title":"Diversity Analysis of Adult Chironomidae in the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya","authors":"Walter Odhiambo Otieno, Reuben Oyoo Mosi, Peter Bulli","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Chironomidae commonly inhabits most aquatic habitats and often dominate aquatic insect communities in abundance and species richness. Despite their ecological importance, the diversity and distribution of chironomids in the Lake Victoria ecosystem of Kenya have not been studied to date. Here we report on the diversity and distribution of adult Chironomidae in Usenge, Mbita and Ogal beaches of the Lake Victoria ecosystem in Kenya using morphological features and sequence data of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Wing venation-based microscopic characterization identified four genera, Tanypus, Coelotanypus, Dicrotendipes and Chironomus. The COI gene barcoding further revealed several species, including Kiefferulus brevibucca, Chironomus flaviplumus, Polypedilum fuscovittatum, Polypedilum sp. and Dicrotendipes sp. The identified species were grouped into three clusters based on neighbor-joining phylogenetic approach. Differences in species richness were observed among the three study sites, with Mbita exhibiting the highest species richness. The evolutionary analysis revealed relatedness among all the identified species, suggesting a shared recent common ancestor. Unlike previous studies, this study represents thefirst report on detailed characterization of Chironomidae in the Lake Victoria ecosystem of Kenya. Moreover, this study serves as a first step towards a comprehensive understanding of the range of species of Chironomidae inhabiting this ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"66 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.2.2
Tatjana Klakočar, Karmen Pažek, Lazar Pavić
This study aimed to develop a commercial concept for transforming farms into wellness tourist destinations. The proposed scenario involved the renovation of a hayrack into a highend tourist accommodation, comprising relaxation rooms with panoramic glass walls and the renovation of the barns, as well as an outdoor swimming pond. The research methods includeddescription, compilation, and synthesis to explore the legislation in Slovenia related to investment performance and trends in wellness tourism to support the realisation of the proposed investment. Furthermore, the study used the method of financial estimation of investment using cost-benefit analysis to facilitate the transition. Four datasets were used for the estimation: investment income, investment costs, end value of the investment, and annual interest rate. The estimated investment cost was €530,000 and the total estimated revenue was €192,720, with total costs amounting to 50% of the total income, as well as an annual cash flow of €96,360, which was used in the assessment of the investment return period. According to the findings, the investment return period is 15 years with the lowest annual cash flow and interest rate of 3.5%. However, caution is advised due to uncertainties in the long-term costs of raw materials and energy.
{"title":"Investment Plan and Evaluation of the Transition of a Farm to a Wellness Tourist Farm","authors":"Tatjana Klakočar, Karmen Pažek, Lazar Pavić","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop a commercial concept for transforming farms into wellness tourist destinations. The proposed scenario involved the renovation of a hayrack into a highend tourist accommodation, comprising relaxation rooms with panoramic glass walls and the renovation of the barns, as well as an outdoor swimming pond. The research methods includeddescription, compilation, and synthesis to explore the legislation in Slovenia related to investment performance and trends in wellness tourism to support the realisation of the proposed investment. Furthermore, the study used the method of financial estimation of investment using cost-benefit analysis to facilitate the transition. Four datasets were used for the estimation: investment income, investment costs, end value of the investment, and annual interest rate. The estimated investment cost was €530,000 and the total estimated revenue was €192,720, with total costs amounting to 50% of the total income, as well as an annual cash flow of €96,360, which was used in the assessment of the investment return period. According to the findings, the investment return period is 15 years with the lowest annual cash flow and interest rate of 3.5%. However, caution is advised due to uncertainties in the long-term costs of raw materials and energy.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"62 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.2.3
Ana Starman, Elizabeta Mičović, Tomaž Langerholc
Food additives are considered a high-risk factor by the EU and Slovenian consumers, although they are strictly regulated by the authorities and pose a low risk to consumers. However, risk communication about food additives is challenging and involves the interactive exchange of information about hazards, taking into account the risk perception of the target groups. A plan for communication activities aimed at improving public perception of food additives was structured based on the review of scientific literature and the overview of previous communication efforts communicated by various information sources to raise awareness among the Slovenian public from January 2015 to January 2022. The overview included governmental and nongovernmental organizations that are credible sources of information on food safety for Slovenian consumers at the national and EU level. The objective was to develop an effective communication plan on food additives with defined objectives, target groups, key communication messages, communication activities, tools, and channels. The proposed plan can serve as a good basis for launching an effective awareness campaign on food additives to reduce public concern and improve the knowledge of averageconsumers about the use of additives in food.
{"title":"Overview of Communication Activities and a Plan to Improve Public Perception of Food Additives","authors":"Ana Starman, Elizabeta Mičović, Tomaž Langerholc","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Food additives are considered a high-risk factor by the EU and Slovenian consumers, although they are strictly regulated by the authorities and pose a low risk to consumers. However, risk communication about food additives is challenging and involves the interactive exchange of information about hazards, taking into account the risk perception of the target groups. A plan for communication activities aimed at improving public perception of food additives was structured based on the review of scientific literature and the overview of previous communication efforts communicated by various information sources to raise awareness among the Slovenian public from January 2015 to January 2022. The overview included governmental and nongovernmental organizations that are credible sources of information on food safety for Slovenian consumers at the national and EU level. The objective was to develop an effective communication plan on food additives with defined objectives, target groups, key communication messages, communication activities, tools, and channels. The proposed plan can serve as a good basis for launching an effective awareness campaign on food additives to reduce public concern and improve the knowledge of averageconsumers about the use of additives in food.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"54 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.2.1
Andreja Borec, Tina Lešnik, Tadeja Kraner Šumenjak, Mateja Muršec
This study sets out to examine the effects of hedgerow shading on soil physical properties, specifically soil gravimetric water content and soil temperature. Analyses of both soil parameters were conducted at two locations with different shade proportion. The aim of the study was to address the links between hedgerow shading and basic physical soil properties which could be significant both for agricultural production and for ecological processes in agroecosystems. At both locations, soil samples and measurements were taken at different distances from hedgerow and in different time intervals. Diurnal shading variation at certain distances from the hedgerow on Location 1 and 2 was calculated with the software toll for Arboriculturists. At Location 1 shading is consistently high throughout the year, ranging from 76 to 100%. In contrast, shading at Location 2 varies from 1 to 25%. The results reveal that hedgerows at Location 1, do not have a statistically significant impact on gravimetric soil water content and soil temperature across the entire plot surface. Additionally, the percentage of shading is only marginally decreases with distance. Conversely, Location 2 exhibits an increase in soil temperature and a slight but (non-significant) decrease in soil gravimetric watercontent as the distance from the hedgerow increases., The total mean shading at Location 2 is considerably lower compared to Location 1, and the shading percentage declines more at the distance from the hedgerow increases. Overall, lower soil temperatures and higher gravimetric soil water content where observed at the more shaded Location 1. The research outcomes are helpful in agricultural production planning as well as in the evaluation of hedgerows for the needs of agricultural policy.
{"title":"The Effects of Hedgerows Shading on Soil Temperature and Gravimetric Soil Water Content","authors":"Andreja Borec, Tina Lešnik, Tadeja Kraner Šumenjak, Mateja Muršec","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study sets out to examine the effects of hedgerow shading on soil physical properties, specifically soil gravimetric water content and soil temperature. Analyses of both soil parameters were conducted at two locations with different shade proportion. The aim of the study was to address the links between hedgerow shading and basic physical soil properties which could be significant both for agricultural production and for ecological processes in agroecosystems. At both locations, soil samples and measurements were taken at different distances from hedgerow and in different time intervals. Diurnal shading variation at certain distances from the hedgerow on Location 1 and 2 was calculated with the software toll for Arboriculturists. At Location 1 shading is consistently high throughout the year, ranging from 76 to 100%. In contrast, shading at Location 2 varies from 1 to 25%. The results reveal that hedgerows at Location 1, do not have a statistically significant impact on gravimetric soil water content and soil temperature across the entire plot surface. Additionally, the percentage of shading is only marginally decreases with distance. Conversely, Location 2 exhibits an increase in soil temperature and a slight but (non-significant) decrease in soil gravimetric watercontent as the distance from the hedgerow increases., The total mean shading at Location 2 is considerably lower compared to Location 1, and the shading percentage declines more at the distance from the hedgerow increases. Overall, lower soil temperatures and higher gravimetric soil water content where observed at the more shaded Location 1. The research outcomes are helpful in agricultural production planning as well as in the evaluation of hedgerows for the needs of agricultural policy.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"70 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.2.4
Nejc Zidar, Jernej Turk, Jernej Prišenk
Value-added food supply chains are chains that maintain positive social, environmental, and community values which are integrated into the production process from the primary producer to the final consumer, ensuring economic, social, and environmental sustainability, thus forming a sustainable agricultural and food production system. The evaluation of the value added in each chain is based on indicators, which are a tool to measure changes in the actual situation or to show performance trends in achieving the progress set by the objectives. The presented indicators are based on publicly available statistics and foreign literature that allow measuring value added in specific livestock chains at aggregate level (beef production, pork production and dairy production) and are based on publicly available statistics in the Republic of Slovenia. The need to produce indicators of value added in livestock food supply chains arises from the large differences in structural changes in the sector itself and in the development and economic performance of the various livestock industries.
{"title":"Expressing Added Value in Food Supply Chains","authors":"Nejc Zidar, Jernej Turk, Jernej Prišenk","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Value-added food supply chains are chains that maintain positive social, environmental, and community values which are integrated into the production process from the primary producer to the final consumer, ensuring economic, social, and environmental sustainability, thus forming a sustainable agricultural and food production system. The evaluation of the value added in each chain is based on indicators, which are a tool to measure changes in the actual situation or to show performance trends in achieving the progress set by the objectives. The presented indicators are based on publicly available statistics and foreign literature that allow measuring value added in specific livestock chains at aggregate level (beef production, pork production and dairy production) and are based on publicly available statistics in the Republic of Slovenia. The need to produce indicators of value added in livestock food supply chains arises from the large differences in structural changes in the sector itself and in the development and economic performance of the various livestock industries.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"42 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.1.5
Abimbola Adepoju, Oluwaseun Adekunle
The rising demand for tomatoes and tomato-based foods in Nigeria owing to its numerous health benefits calls for a comprehensive and economically viable farming system to replace or complement traditional farming systems for tomato production. This study therefore assessed the level of awareness of tomato farmers and their readiness to adopt the hydroponics farming system. The sociodemographic determinants of their readiness to adopt hydroponic farming were also identified. Measures of central tendency and the logistic regression model were employed in the analysis of data. Knowledge of hydroponic farming was low among the farmers. Key positive determinants of awareness include distance to market, having governmentsupport and access to social media. More than three-fifths of the farmers were willing to adopt the hydroponics farming system. Such farmers had tertiary education, access to extension agents and relatively small farm sizes. High initial capital for adoption was the most critical limitation to the readiness of adoption of the system. Enhanced tomato output from this system may be a cause for its advocacy. Awareness and adoption of hydroponic farming can be increased if extension services are intensified. This will ensure food security and sustainable economic development.
{"title":"Are Tomato Farmers Willing to Adopt the Hydroponics Farming System in Oyo State, Nigeria?","authors":"Abimbola Adepoju, Oluwaseun Adekunle","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The rising demand for tomatoes and tomato-based foods in Nigeria owing to its numerous health benefits calls for a comprehensive and economically viable farming system to replace or complement traditional farming systems for tomato production. This study therefore assessed the level of awareness of tomato farmers and their readiness to adopt the hydroponics farming system. The sociodemographic determinants of their readiness to adopt hydroponic farming were also identified. Measures of central tendency and the logistic regression model were employed in the analysis of data. Knowledge of hydroponic farming was low among the farmers. Key positive determinants of awareness include distance to market, having governmentsupport and access to social media. More than three-fifths of the farmers were willing to adopt the hydroponics farming system. Such farmers had tertiary education, access to extension agents and relatively small farm sizes. High initial capital for adoption was the most critical limitation to the readiness of adoption of the system. Enhanced tomato output from this system may be a cause for its advocacy. Awareness and adoption of hydroponic farming can be increased if extension services are intensified. This will ensure food security and sustainable economic development.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.1.4
Martina Dobaj Gomboc, Janko Skok, Dejan Škorjanc, Maja Prevolnik Povše
Piglet suckling behaviour has been extensively studied, but surprisingly, there are not many studies that specifically consider body weight and sex in this context. These two basic individual characteristics have been considered more as supporting data but not as main factors. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to examine the effect body weight on suckling behaviour of piglets during lactation separately by sex. The study comprised 14 litters with a total of 158 piglets (85 male, 73 female, litter size 6−15 piglets). Suckling behaviour was described in terms of suckling position (the teat at which the piglet suckled during suckling), suckling territory (the range two outermost suckling positions of the piglet encompasses) and sucklingstability (the tendency to suckle successively at the same position), and was observed in six periods: 0−3, 4−7, 8−10, 11−14, 15−21 and 22−32 days of age. In each period, piglets were also weighed. The udder was divided into three areas: anterior (1st-2nd teat pair), middle (3rd-5th teat pair) and posterior (6th-8th teat pair). Body weight affected suckling behaviour differently in male and female piglets (i.e., all traits in females, suckling stability only in males). The relative body weight of females decreased significantly from the anterior towards the posterior part. Heavy females (but not males) suckled considerably more frequently on the anterior area. Heavier piglets (male and female) established more stable suckling order. Suckling territory of males was quite large, but did not differ among body weight classes. Interestingly, light females visited significantly larger suckling territory than heavy females. The present results fill a gap in the otherwise broad knowledge of pig suckling behaviour, which is of great importance for litter management during lactation, especially when cross-fostering is implemented. In this context, knowledge of the detailed role of sex and body weight is of particular importance because breeders rely mainly on basic body traits when managing litters.
{"title":"Suckling Behaviour of Piglets Affected by Body Weight and Sex","authors":"Martina Dobaj Gomboc, Janko Skok, Dejan Škorjanc, Maja Prevolnik Povše","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Piglet suckling behaviour has been extensively studied, but surprisingly, there are not many studies that specifically consider body weight and sex in this context. These two basic individual characteristics have been considered more as supporting data but not as main factors. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to examine the effect body weight on suckling behaviour of piglets during lactation separately by sex. The study comprised 14 litters with a total of 158 piglets (85 male, 73 female, litter size 6−15 piglets). Suckling behaviour was described in terms of suckling position (the teat at which the piglet suckled during suckling), suckling territory (the range two outermost suckling positions of the piglet encompasses) and sucklingstability (the tendency to suckle successively at the same position), and was observed in six periods: 0−3, 4−7, 8−10, 11−14, 15−21 and 22−32 days of age. In each period, piglets were also weighed. The udder was divided into three areas: anterior (1st-2nd teat pair), middle (3rd-5th teat pair) and posterior (6th-8th teat pair). Body weight affected suckling behaviour differently in male and female piglets (i.e., all traits in females, suckling stability only in males). The relative body weight of females decreased significantly from the anterior towards the posterior part. Heavy females (but not males) suckled considerably more frequently on the anterior area. Heavier piglets (male and female) established more stable suckling order. Suckling territory of males was quite large, but did not differ among body weight classes. Interestingly, light females visited significantly larger suckling territory than heavy females. The present results fill a gap in the otherwise broad knowledge of pig suckling behaviour, which is of great importance for litter management during lactation, especially when cross-fostering is implemented. In this context, knowledge of the detailed role of sex and body weight is of particular importance because breeders rely mainly on basic body traits when managing litters.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.1.1
Janko Skok
Based on the premise that parasites indirectly influence literally all of the main processes that otherwise underlie the domestication syndrome, it is hypothesised here that endoparasites (helminths and protozoa) have played an important mediating role in the process of (proto)domestication. The hypothesis predicts that the frequency of domestication syndrome traits such as tameness, depigmentation, mottling, piebaldism, floppy ears, short and curled tail, reduced size of the adrenal gland, etc. in the (wild) population increases i) with decreasing genetic resistance to parasites and/or ii) with increasing parasite load. According to the parasite-mediated domestication hypothesis, the features of the domestication syndrome could be genetically linked to genes related to resistance/tolerance to parasites, the role of miRNA in the process of epigenetic inheritance or the transgenerational inheritance of stress pathology.
{"title":"The Parasite-Mediated Domestication Hypothesis","authors":"Janko Skok","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the premise that parasites indirectly influence literally all of the main processes that otherwise underlie the domestication syndrome, it is hypothesised here that endoparasites (helminths and protozoa) have played an important mediating role in the process of (proto)domestication. The hypothesis predicts that the frequency of domestication syndrome traits such as tameness, depigmentation, mottling, piebaldism, floppy ears, short and curled tail, reduced size of the adrenal gland, etc. in the (wild) population increases i) with decreasing genetic resistance to parasites and/or ii) with increasing parasite load. According to the parasite-mediated domestication hypothesis, the features of the domestication syndrome could be genetically linked to genes related to resistance/tolerance to parasites, the role of miRNA in the process of epigenetic inheritance or the transgenerational inheritance of stress pathology.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biochar application on fertile soils in a temperate climate during the first year of application. The field trial was conducted on a nutrient-rich silt loam soil at two experimental sites in north-eastern Slovenia (Biš and Skorba). The effect of biochar applied alone or in combination with compost or mineral fertiliser on soil properties and yield of white cabbage was studied. In addition to the control (C), the soil received five treatments including biochar (B; 1.5 t/ha), compost (CO; 1.5 t/ha), biochar-mixed compost (BCO; 3.0 t/ha), standard mineral fertilisers (NPK; NPK 0.35 t/ha, potassium sulphate 0.25 t/ha and calcium ammonium nitrate 0.25 t/ha) and combined application of half the amountof NPK and BCO (NPK+BCO). The results showed that the applied treatments had no significant influence on the measured soil chemical parameters, except for the amount of total organic carbon, electrical conductivity and pH in Biš and total carbon in Skorba. All investigated parameters (cabbage head weight, head circumference, total and market yield) were higher at the experimental site Skorba. Statistically significant differences were found only at the experimental site Biš, where the treatment influenced all parameters (p < 0.01), except for the head circumference of the cabbage. The NPK and NPK+BCO treatments produced significantly higher total yields (66.7 t/ha and 65.8 t/ha, respectively) and marketable yields (53.2 t/ha and 51.8 t/ha, respectively) compared to the other treatments (41.3-52.6 t/ha and 30.5-42.4 t/ha, respectively). Although the differences between the other treatments were insignificant, a trend of decreasing cabbage yields towards CO > BCO > B was observed. Similar results were also obtained when analysing the average data of the two experimental sites.
{"title":"The Effect of Biochar Applied Alone and in Combination with Mineral and Organic Fertilisers on the Yield of White Cabbage and Soil Properties","authors":"Manfred Jakop, Nataša Belšak, Erik Rihter, Tjaša Cenčič Predikaka, Denis Stajnko, Silva Grobelnik Mlakar","doi":"10.18690/agricsci.20.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/agricsci.20.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biochar application on fertile soils in a temperate climate during the first year of application. The field trial was conducted on a nutrient-rich silt loam soil at two experimental sites in north-eastern Slovenia (Biš and Skorba). The effect of biochar applied alone or in combination with compost or mineral fertiliser on soil properties and yield of white cabbage was studied. In addition to the control (C), the soil received five treatments including biochar (B; 1.5 t/ha), compost (CO; 1.5 t/ha), biochar-mixed compost (BCO; 3.0 t/ha), standard mineral fertilisers (NPK; NPK 0.35 t/ha, potassium sulphate 0.25 t/ha and calcium ammonium nitrate 0.25 t/ha) and combined application of half the amountof NPK and BCO (NPK+BCO). The results showed that the applied treatments had no significant influence on the measured soil chemical parameters, except for the amount of total organic carbon, electrical conductivity and pH in Biš and total carbon in Skorba. All investigated parameters (cabbage head weight, head circumference, total and market yield) were higher at the experimental site Skorba. Statistically significant differences were found only at the experimental site Biš, where the treatment influenced all parameters (p < 0.01), except for the head circumference of the cabbage. The NPK and NPK+BCO treatments produced significantly higher total yields (66.7 t/ha and 65.8 t/ha, respectively) and marketable yields (53.2 t/ha and 51.8 t/ha, respectively) compared to the other treatments (41.3-52.6 t/ha and 30.5-42.4 t/ha, respectively). Although the differences between the other treatments were insignificant, a trend of decreasing cabbage yields towards CO > BCO > B was observed. Similar results were also obtained when analysing the average data of the two experimental sites.","PeriodicalId":37655,"journal":{"name":"中国农业科学","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.18690/agricsci.20.1.7
Yusuf Azeez Olanrewaju, Surajudeen Monsurat Bolanle, Akinyemi Bolanle Temitope
The high cost incurred by rural farmers on chemical anthelmintics, the reduction of the efficacy of this class of drugs and the development of resistant strains of Helminth has necessitate the search for suitable alternatives. However, there are still research gaps in the use plant secondary metabolites with no proper documentation of the active compound(s), standard administration route, mode of action, and standardization of its use in small ruminant animals. This review focuses on the use of bioactive components of plants and plant extracts in combating gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminant animals. It highlights the importance of the use of plants in both ruminant nutrition and health, the flaws of conventional methods of treatment and the need for suitable alternatives. It further documents the major bioactive components of plants used in the treatment of GIN in ruminants and their mode of action on nematodes’ eggs, larva and adult worms. It is very clear that there exists a gap in research to validate the in vitro testing of some useful compounds in vivo owing to the identification of active components as most of them work in synergism with others, the dosing of the extracts is not uniform as the molecular weight of the selected compounds differs in most cases. Hence, this informs the need for collaborative research to validate the use of bioactive compounds and subsequent drug development to replace costly conventional anthelmintic that are constantly losing efficacy.
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