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Microfluidics in separation science: Fabrication, applications and intelligent systems 分离科学中的微流体:制造、应用和智能系统。
IF 4 2区 化学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2026-05-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.466852
Listya Eka Anggraini , Muhammad Naeem Younis , Mohammed A. Abdalmwla , Ghadeer Ghannam Alharbi , Khaoula El Yanboui , Abdulaziz A. Al-Saadi , Chanbasha Basheer
The emergence of advanced, innovative microfluidic devices has reshaped analytical separation methodologies and biomolecular diagnostics by introducing highly integrated, miniaturized systems that enable next-generation fluid manipulation, enhanced automation, precision, cost efficiency, and high-throughput capabilities. Advances in fabrication methods, such as soft lithography, photolithography, and 3D printing, have enabled the production of customizable microfluidic platforms from materials such as PDMS, glass, and thermoplastics. These microfluidic systems support a range of analytical functionalities of the technologies, including gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrophoresis, delivering rapid, high-resolution analyses with minimal sample and reagent requirements, quicker analysis, and enhanced uniformity and stability, facilitating high productivity screening, improved sensitivity and portability. Integration of micro-GC systems enables rapid, portable detection of volatile compounds, while microfluidic HPLC and electrophoresis provide precise biomolecular separations and real-time diagnostics. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have now brought significant innovations in microfluidic devices, resulting in a new era of intelligent analytical separations, where machine learning algorithms and neural networks are applicable not only for data processing and pattern recognition but also for real-time optimization, anomaly detection, innovative read-out systems, and autonomous system control. The fusion of AI and microfluidics has enabled new approaches to dynamic experimentation, reshaping traditional microfluidics and personalized diagnostics and health care systems, where rapid, reliable analysis is paramount. In this review article, we comprehensively explain the progressive convergence of microfluidics and AI across various electrophoretic and chromatographic analytical separation techniques, elaborating on the latest technological innovations, fundamental fabrication strategies, and emergent applications. The article also presents a forward-looking perspective on how AI-enabled microfluidics enhances automation, scalability, and application-specific customization, which could shape the future of intelligent analytical separation systems.
先进的、创新的微流体设备的出现,通过引入高度集成的、小型化的系统,重塑了分析分离方法和生物分子诊断,使下一代流体操作、增强自动化、精度、成本效率和高通量能力成为可能。制造方法的进步,如软光刻、光刻和3D打印,使PDMS、玻璃和热塑性塑料等材料能够生产可定制的微流控平台。这些微流体系统支持一系列分析功能的技术,包括气相色谱(GC),高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电泳,提供快速,高分辨率的分析,以最小的样品和试剂要求,更快的分析,增强的均匀性和稳定性,促进高生产率筛选,提高灵敏度和便携性。微气相色谱系统的集成使挥发性化合物的快速,便携式检测,而微流体高效液相色谱和电泳提供精确的生物分子分离和实时诊断。人工智能(AI)的最新进展为微流控设备带来了重大创新,开创了智能分析分离的新时代,机器学习算法和神经网络不仅适用于数据处理和模式识别,还适用于实时优化、异常检测、创新读出系统和自主系统控制。人工智能和微流控的融合为动态实验提供了新的方法,重塑了传统的微流控和个性化诊断以及医疗保健系统,在这些系统中,快速、可靠的分析是至关重要的。在这篇综述文章中,我们全面解释了微流体和人工智能在各种电泳和色谱分析分离技术中的逐步融合,详细阐述了最新的技术创新,基本的制造策略和新兴的应用。本文还介绍了人工智能微流体如何增强自动化,可扩展性和特定应用定制的前瞻性观点,这可能会塑造智能分析分离系统的未来。
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引用次数: 0
Innovative applications and future challenges of shape memory scaffolds for functional reconstruction in diseases of the musculoskeletal system 形状记忆支架在肌肉骨骼系统疾病功能重建中的创新应用和未来挑战。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115426
Zhengguang Pu , Wang Gong , Haoming Wu , Hao Zhou , YiXuan Lan , Yingying Chen , Xiuxing Liu , Zhineng Lu , Xiaoyu Du , Xinlei Yang , Shuhao Yang , Wanyue Feng , Chao Peng , Hai Lan , Xulin Hu
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), such as osteoporosis, cartilage degeneration, and tendon injuries, are common worldwide and have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. These conditions are frequently associated with aging, trauma, or chronic diseases. They are typically characterized by slow and limited self-repair, particularly in tissues like cartilage and tendons, which exhibit low regenerative potential. Traditional treatment methods, such as implantable scaffolds, often face challenges related to incomplete tissue integration and inadequate adaptation to dynamic biomechanical conditions. Shape memory scaffolds (SMSs) have emerged as promising candidates for repairing musculoskeletal tissues, due to their unique ability to respond to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, and pH. These materials can adapt to irregular tissue defects and dynamically adjust to biomechanical requirements during the healing process, thereby potentially supporting tissue regeneration. This review discusses the advantages of SMSs in musculoskeletal system reconstruction, emphasizing their mechanical responsiveness, adaptability, and bioactive potential. Furthermore, recent advancements in SMS-based scaffolds and the role of 4D printing in enhancing their functionality are systematically reviewed. Finally, we propose future research directions aimed at enabling more effective and personalized treatments for MSDs.
肌肉骨骼疾病(MSDs),如骨质疏松症、软骨变性和肌腱损伤,在世界范围内很常见,并对患者的生活质量产生重大影响。这些情况通常与衰老、创伤或慢性疾病有关。它们的典型特征是缓慢和有限的自我修复,特别是在软骨和肌腱等组织中,它们表现出较低的再生潜力。传统的治疗方法,如植入式支架,往往面临着组织整合不完整和对动态生物力学条件适应不足的挑战。形状记忆支架(SMSs)由于其对外部刺激(如温度、光和ph)的独特响应能力而成为修复肌肉骨骼组织的有希望的候选者。这些材料可以适应不规则的组织缺陷,并在愈合过程中动态调整生物力学要求,从而潜在地支持组织再生。本文讨论了SMSs在肌肉骨骼系统重建中的优势,强调了它们的机械反应性、适应性和生物活性潜力。此外,系统地回顾了基于sms的支架的最新进展以及4D打印在增强其功能方面的作用。最后,我们提出了未来的研究方向,旨在实现更有效和个性化的治疗MSDs。
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引用次数: 0
Advances and challenges in deep eutectic solvents pretreatment technologies for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: A comprehensive review 木质纤维素生物质制备生物乙醇的深度共熔溶剂预处理技术进展与挑战综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116752
Novia Novia , Asyeni Miftahul Jannah , Elda Melwita , Ahmad Fudholi , Vishnu K. Pareek
The increasing demand for sustainable, renewable energy sources is the primary driver of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). In this context, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) have emerged as a novel, eco-friendly alternative, offering low toxicity, biodegradability, adjustable properties, and a significant lignin solubilization capability compared to traditional pretreatment methods. Therefore, this article thoroughly reviews recent developments in DES pretreatment technologies, including design and formulation, biomass fractionation mechanisms, and impacts on enzymatic hydrolysis, including fermentation efficiency. Several choline chloride-based and natural DES types have considerably enhanced cellulose accessibility and bioethanol production. However, significant challenges persist, such as the need for economical DES synthesis, effective solvent recovery, and scalable processes for industrial applications. The interaction of these solvents with enzymes and microbial systems necessitates further investigation to optimize integrated bioprocesses. Overcoming these challenges through innovative research and process optimization would facilitate the widespread implementation of DES pretreatment. As a result, this enhanced bioethanol production's sustainability, efficiency, and economic viability.
对可持续、可再生能源日益增长的需求是木质纤维素生物质(LCB)生产生物乙醇的主要驱动力。在这种背景下,深度共熔溶剂(DES)作为一种新颖的、环保的替代方案出现了,与传统的预处理方法相比,它具有低毒、可生物降解、可调节的性能和显著的木质素增溶能力。因此,本文全面回顾了DES预处理技术的最新进展,包括设计和配方,生物质分馏机理,以及对酶水解的影响,包括发酵效率。几种氯化胆碱和天然DES类型大大提高了纤维素的可及性和生物乙醇的生产。然而,重大的挑战仍然存在,例如需要经济的DES合成,有效的溶剂回收和工业应用的可扩展工艺。这些溶剂与酶和微生物系统的相互作用需要进一步研究以优化综合生物过程。通过创新研究和工艺优化来克服这些挑战,将有助于DES预处理的广泛应用。因此,这提高了生物乙醇生产的可持续性、效率和经济可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Engineered dialdehyde dextran/quaternized chitosan hydrogel incorporating myricetin nanoparticles for diabetic oral wound management 含有杨梅素纳米颗粒的工程双醛葡聚糖/季铵化壳聚糖水凝胶用于糖尿病口腔伤口管理
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115421
Xiaoqian Du , Huijie Zhang , Bo Li , Wei Dong , Shengye You
Conventional management of diabetic mouth ulcers often demonstrates limited efficacy. Primary obstacles to recovery encompass microbial colonization, damage from reactive oxygen species, and deficient blood vessel development. To meet this significant clinical challenge, an injectable hydrogel biomaterial termed DQM1 has been developed, specifically designed for promoting tissue regeneration in diabetic oral wounds. This composite construct comprises an interconnected polysaccharide network combining dialdehyde dextran and quaternized chitosan, strengthened through myricetin nanoparticles generated via magnesium ion-driven myricetin self-assembly. Post-injection, DQM1 rapidly establishes a protective hydrogel barrier. The dressing demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity coupled with effective scavenging of detrimental reactive species. Collective actions transform the injury environment from a chronically inflamed state to an active rebuilding phase. A significant benefit involves inherent post-treatment biodegradability, guaranteeing complete elimination after fulfilling its regenerative function. Outcomes from laboratory studies and animal models demonstrate that DQM1 markedly enhances oral mucosal wound healing. As an innovative therapeutic platform, such hydrogel-based technology presents considerable potential as a solution for diabetic oral lesions, thereby improving patient prognoses in this complex disorder.
传统的糖尿病口腔溃疡治疗方法往往疗效有限。恢复的主要障碍包括微生物定植、活性氧损伤和血管发育缺陷。为了应对这一重大的临床挑战,一种名为DQM1的可注射水凝胶生物材料被开发出来,专门用于促进糖尿病口腔伤口的组织再生。该复合结构包括一个由双醛葡聚糖和壳聚糖季铵盐组成的相互连接的多糖网络,通过镁离子驱动的杨梅素自组装产生的杨梅素纳米颗粒加强。注射后,DQM1迅速建立保护性水凝胶屏障。该敷料具有强大的抗菌活性,并能有效清除有害的活性物质。集体行动将损伤环境从慢性炎症状态转变为积极的重建阶段。一个显著的好处是内在的后处理生物降解性,保证在完成再生功能后完全消除。实验室研究和动物模型的结果表明,DQM1显著促进口腔黏膜伤口愈合。作为一种创新的治疗平台,这种基于水凝胶的技术作为糖尿病口腔病变的解决方案具有相当大的潜力,从而改善了这种复杂疾病的患者预后。
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引用次数: 0
Rationally designed BTO@MSN@PPy-PEG piezoelectric nanozyme for ultrasound/NIR-triggered synergistic piezodynamic-photothermal-chemo tumor therapy 合理设计BTO@MSN@ py - peg压电纳米酶用于超声/ nir触发的压电-光热-化疗协同肿瘤治疗
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115409
Yunxia Hu , Yangbei Zhu , Lijie Liu , Jiaxuan Guo , Wenjie Gao , Lei Tian , Shige Wang , Chengzheng Jia
Conventional monotherapies for tumors face significant challenges due to their limited therapeutic efficacy and considerable side effects, which severely impede their broad clinical application. To overcome the advancement of multimodal synergistic treatment strategies, integrating diverse treatment modalities with complementary mechanisms has emerged as a crucial approach to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of tumors. In this context, we developed a multifunctional nanoplatform, designated as BaTiO3@MSN@PPy-PEG Nanoparticles (BMPP NPs), which can be activated by a combination of ultrasound and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. This nanoplatform is centered around the piezoelectric material barium titanate (BTO), employs a mesoporous silica (MSN) coating for efficient encapsulation of the chemotherapeutic agent curcumin (Cur), and is further modified with polypyrrole (PPy) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to confer both excellent photothermal conversion capability and enhanced biocompatibility. The synergistic interplay among the ultrasound-induced piezoelectric effect, NIR laser-triggered photothermal therapy, and MSN-mediated drug release results in a novel triple-modal therapy—piezoelectric dynamic, photothermal, and chemo. This integrated strategy effectively suppresses tumor growth and facilitates tumor ablation, holding great promise for future cancer therapeutics.
传统的肿瘤单药治疗由于其疗效有限且副作用大,严重阻碍了其广泛的临床应用。为了克服多模式协同治疗策略的进步,将多种治疗方式与互补机制相结合已成为提高肿瘤治疗效果的重要途径。在此背景下,我们开发了一种多功能纳米平台,命名为BaTiO3@MSN@ py - peg纳米颗粒(BMPP NPs),可以通过超声和近红外(NIR)激光照射组合激活。该纳米平台以压电材料钛酸钡(BTO)为中心,采用介孔二氧化硅(MSN)涂层有效封装化疗药物姜黄素(Cur),并进一步用聚吡咯(PPy)和聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,以获得优异的光热转换能力和增强的生物相容性。超声诱导的压电效应、近红外激光触发的光热治疗和msn介导的药物释放之间的协同相互作用导致了一种新的三模态治疗——压电动力学、光热和化学。这种综合策略有效地抑制肿瘤生长,促进肿瘤消融,对未来的癌症治疗有很大的希望。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing properties of damaged hair through moisture control via construction of highly hydrophobic surface 通过高度疏水表面的结构来控制水分,增强受损头发的性能
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115427
Fubing Liu , Chaohai Li , Jinhua Li , Jing Wang , Kuan Chang
Hair dyeing and perming processes damage could significantly reduce the stability and mechanical properties of keratin, making hair rough and fragile. Different hair repair ingredients have been developed by strengthening the chemical bonds inside hair. In this work, a new repair strategy of altering hair water content by construing highly hydrophobic surface was proposed. This was achieved by treating damaged hair with maleic-modified amino silicone oil (MASO), which was synthesized through the amidation reaction of maleic acid with poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-(3-aminopropyl)methylsiloxane] (ASO). Due to the thiol-Michael click reaction with free thiol groups on reduced hair surface, MASO presented high deposition efficiency at a low dosage of 0.1 wt%, which was confirmed by SEM and contact angle measurements. After MASO treatment, hair forms a highly hydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 137 °, significantly higher than that of virgin hair. The highly hydrophobic surface hinders the penetration of moisture into the hair, especially reducing the bound water content from 4.46 % to 2.81 %. This was jointly proven by the disappearance process of water droplets on hair strands, TGA testing, and DVS testing. The reduced water content in MASO-treated hair significantly lowered the combing work, with the wet combing work decreasing from 336.12 J to 43.52 J, giving a 87.05 % decrease, and enhanced the thermal stability of keratin, ultimately increasing Young's modulus and tensile strength by 13.99 % and 9.13 %, respectively. This finding demonstrates that the impact of water on tensile properties can even exceed the adverse effects caused by the breakage of disulfide bonds for reduce damaged hair.
染发和烫发过程的损伤会显著降低角蛋白的稳定性和力学性能,使头发变得粗糙和脆弱。通过加强头发内部的化学键,已经开发出了不同的护发成分。本文提出了一种通过构建高疏水表面来改变头发含水量的修复策略。这是通过马来酸与聚[二甲基硅氧烷-co-(3-氨基丙基)甲基硅氧烷](ASO)酰胺化反应合成的马来烯改性氨基硅氧油(MASO)治疗受损头发而实现的。通过扫描电镜和接触角测量证实,在0.1 wt%的低剂量下,MASO与还原毛表面的游离巯基发生了巯基-迈克尔键合反应,具有较高的沉积效率。经过MASO处理后,头发形成高度疏水表面,接触角为137 °,明显高于未处理头发。高度疏水的表面阻碍了水分渗透到头发中,特别是将结合水含量从4.46 %降低到2.81 %。水滴在发丝上的消失过程、TGA测试和DVS测试共同证明了这一点。经maso处理的头发含水量降低,显著降低了精梳功,湿法精梳功从336.12 J减少到43.52 J,减少87.05 %,增强了角蛋白的热稳定性,最终杨氏模量和抗拉强度分别提高13.99 %和9.13 %。这一发现表明,水对拉伸性能的影响甚至可以超过二硫键断裂所造成的不利影响,以减少受损的头发。
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引用次数: 0
Blue energy evolution: A full-spectrum review of wave harvesting technologies for unmanned ocean vehicles 蓝色能量演变:无人驾驶海洋航行器波浪收集技术的全面回顾
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116782
C. Thangavel, A. Arockia Selvakumar, K. Karunamurthy
The increasing demand for sustainable and long durability power solutions of Unmanned Ocean Vehicles (UOVs) such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), gliders, drifting buoys, and profiling floats has propelled the research into wave energy harvesting (WEH) methods. This review projects the evolution of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) from their initial mechanical designs to the latest hybrid systems that integrate various methods of energy harvesting. It assesses past milestones, current technological architectures, and upcoming innovations for oceanic autonomous platforms, highlighting design aspects such as miniaturization, hydrodynamics, durability, energy storage and adaptive control. Critical issues including variable oceanic conditions, attachment of barnacles, biofouling, corrosion, low energy density and scalability hurdles are discussed alongside mitigation strategies. Future developments point to hybrid multi source energy harvesting, AI enabled power management, bioinspired designs, and offshore micro-grid docking systems to achieve maintenance free ocean operations. This review places WEH as a transformative enabler for future generation UOVs, unlocking extended autonomy and supporting global efforts for sustainable ocean observation, resource exploration, and marine security.
自动水下航行器(auv)、遥控航行器(rov)、滑翔机、漂流浮标和剖面浮标等无人海洋航行器(UOVs)对可持续和长期耐用动力解决方案的需求日益增长,推动了波浪能收集(WEH)方法的研究。本文回顾了波浪能转换器(WECs)从最初的机械设计到集成各种能量收集方法的最新混合系统的发展历程。它评估了海洋自主平台过去的里程碑、当前的技术架构和即将到来的创新,突出了小型化、流体动力学、耐久性、能量存储和自适应控制等设计方面的问题。关键问题包括多变的海洋条件、藤壶附着、生物污垢、腐蚀、低能量密度和可扩展性障碍,以及缓解战略。未来的发展将指向混合多源能源收集、人工智能电源管理、生物设计和海上微电网对接系统,以实现免维护的海洋作业。该审查将WEH视为下一代无人驾驶飞机的变革性推动者,释放更大的自主权,并支持可持续海洋观测、资源勘探和海洋安全的全球努力。
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引用次数: 0
Review on improved neural network algorithms for battery state of energy estimation in smart grids 智能电网中电池能量状态估计的改进神经网络算法综述
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116797
Shunli Wang , Yu Fu , Wenxia Zhang , Carlos Fernandez , Frede Blaabjerg
Efficient and accurate state of energy (SOE) estimation is essential for the efficient operation and optimal management of smart grid energy storage systems (ESS). As lithium-ion batteries become the mainstream energy storage technology, their complex and nonlinear behavior under different operating conditions poses significant challenges for SOE estimation. This paper analyzes the promising application prospects of feedforward neural networks (FNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their variants (long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), gated recurrent units (GRUs)), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and hybrid models. It simultaneously explores data acquisition and preprocessing techniques, performance evaluation metrics, and practical application scenarios, identifying core challenges such as data sparsity, model interpretability, and computational efficiency. Future research directions are proposed, including advanced hybrid modeling, online adaptation, and edge computing integration. Although numerous existing reviews have validated the effectiveness of various neural network algorithms in SOE estimation, most studies focus primarily on algorithm types. Therefore, this paper systematically examines the adaptability and limitations of various algorithms. Based on a comprehensive analysis of specific smart grid scenarios with diverse requirements, this paper explores how to evaluate, select, and optimize neural network algorithms to achieve the optimal balance between estimation accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. Furthermore, through a holistic analysis of existing research, this paper bridges the gap between technical principles and practical applications, providing researchers with more targeted decision-making references.
高效、准确的能量状态估计是智能电网储能系统高效运行和优化管理的关键。随着锂离子电池成为主流储能技术,其在不同运行条件下的复杂非线性行为给SOE估算带来了重大挑战。本文分析了前馈神经网络(fnn)、递归神经网络(rnn)及其变体(长短期记忆网络(LSTMs)、门控递归单元(gru)、卷积神经网络(cnn)和混合模型的应用前景。它同时探讨了数据采集和预处理技术、性能评估指标和实际应用场景,确定了数据稀疏性、模型可解释性和计算效率等核心挑战。提出了未来的研究方向,包括高级混合建模、在线自适应和边缘计算集成。尽管已有大量文献验证了各种神经网络算法在SOE估计中的有效性,但大多数研究主要集中在算法类型上。因此,本文系统地考察了各种算法的适应性和局限性。本文在综合分析具有不同需求的智能电网具体场景的基础上,探讨了如何对神经网络算法进行评估、选择和优化,以达到估计精度、效率和鲁棒性之间的最佳平衡。此外,通过对现有研究的整体分析,弥合了技术原理与实际应用之间的差距,为研究人员提供了更有针对性的决策参考。
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引用次数: 0
A benchmark model for power system restoration studies: Review and application 电力系统恢复研究的基准模型:综述与应用
IF 16.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116787
T. Skrjanc , L. Herman , D. Virginillo , A. Derviškadić , G. Torresan , R. Mihalic , U. Rudez
Recent widespread blackouts in Europe (e.g., the Iberian Peninsula) and worldwide (e.g., Chile) have highlighted the critical importance of robust restoration processes. Traditionally, restoration has relied on synchronous generators and predefined strategies, which have been only partially tested in practice and mainly evaluated with simulators capturing basic system dynamics. The changing grid environment raises question of how these strategies can be further improved. The increasing dominance of inverter-based resources introduces reduced inertia, new dynamic interactions, and greater uncertainty from variable renewable generation. This motivates a re-evaluation and new study of existing restoration approaches. International efforts have proposed updated restoration guidelines and explored advanced technologies such as battery energy storage systems, grid-forming inverters, and high-voltage direct current systems. Yet, despite the growing importance of managing dynamics in the delicate restoration phase, field testing remains limited. This highlights the need for a benchmark restoration model. As a first step toward such a model, this paper reviews existing restoration processes, identifies technical challenges, and develops a simulation framework including key network components typically available during restoration. The model enables scenario-based testing of both conventional and advanced strategies, supporting a better understanding of dynamic behaviour and system stability. The proposed model has been implemented for EMT and RMS simulations using both commercial tools (PowerFactory, PSCAD) and non-commercial tools under development. By providing a flexible platform, it bridges the gap between research and practice, supporting system operators, researchers, and policymakers in designing more resilient and adaptive restoration strategies for future power systems.
最近欧洲(如伊比利亚半岛)和世界范围(如智利)的大范围停电突出了强有力的恢复过程的关键重要性。传统上,恢复依赖于同步发电机和预定义的策略,这些策略仅在实践中进行了部分测试,主要是通过捕获基本系统动力学的模拟器进行评估。不断变化的网格环境提出了如何进一步改进这些策略的问题。基于逆变器的资源日益占主导地位,引入了更少的惯性,新的动态相互作用以及可变可再生能源发电的更大不确定性。这激发了对现有修复方法的重新评估和新的研究。国际上的努力已经提出了更新的恢复指南,并探索了先进的技术,如电池储能系统、并网逆变器和高压直流系统。然而,尽管在精细的恢复阶段管理动态变得越来越重要,但现场测试仍然有限。这突出了对基准恢复模型的需求。作为建立这种模型的第一步,本文回顾了现有的恢复过程,确定了技术挑战,并开发了一个模拟框架,包括恢复过程中通常可用的关键网络组件。该模型支持基于场景的常规和高级策略测试,支持更好地理解动态行为和系统稳定性。所提出的模型已经使用商业工具(PowerFactory, PSCAD)和正在开发的非商业工具实现了EMT和RMS仿真。通过提供一个灵活的平台,它弥合了研究与实践之间的差距,支持系统运营商、研究人员和政策制定者为未来的电力系统设计更具弹性和适应性的恢复策略。
{"title":"A benchmark model for power system restoration studies: Review and application","authors":"T. Skrjanc ,&nbsp;L. Herman ,&nbsp;D. Virginillo ,&nbsp;A. Derviškadić ,&nbsp;G. Torresan ,&nbsp;R. Mihalic ,&nbsp;U. Rudez","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2026.116787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rser.2026.116787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent widespread blackouts in Europe (e.g., the Iberian Peninsula) and worldwide (e.g., Chile) have highlighted the critical importance of robust restoration processes. Traditionally, restoration has relied on synchronous generators and predefined strategies, which have been only partially tested in practice and mainly evaluated with simulators capturing basic system dynamics. The changing grid environment raises question of how these strategies can be further improved. The increasing dominance of inverter-based resources introduces reduced inertia, new dynamic interactions, and greater uncertainty from variable renewable generation. This motivates a re-evaluation and new study of existing restoration approaches. International efforts have proposed updated restoration guidelines and explored advanced technologies such as battery energy storage systems, grid-forming inverters, and high-voltage direct current systems. Yet, despite the growing importance of managing dynamics in the delicate restoration phase, field testing remains limited. This highlights the need for a benchmark restoration model. As a first step toward such a model, this paper reviews existing restoration processes, identifies technical challenges, and develops a simulation framework including key network components typically available during restoration. The model enables scenario-based testing of both conventional and advanced strategies, supporting a better understanding of dynamic behaviour and system stability. The proposed model has been implemented for EMT and RMS simulations using both commercial tools (PowerFactory, PSCAD) and non-commercial tools under development. By providing a flexible platform, it bridges the gap between research and practice, supporting system operators, researchers, and policymakers in designing more resilient and adaptive restoration strategies for future power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 116787"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multifunctional nanozyme-mediated synergistic activation of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis for potent antitumor therapy 多功能纳米酶介导的铜腐、铁腐和焦腐的协同活化用于有效的抗肿瘤治疗
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115415
Yuxin Tian , Junfeng Ke , Min Yang , Ping Gong , Fuchen Xin , Liping Wang
Novel forms of programmed cell death are pivotal in regulating tumor progression and therapeutic response; however, single-mode cell death induction often fails to overcome apoptotic escape and drug resistance of tumor cells. This study designed and synthesized a multifunctional nanozyme, ZIF-8/Cu/Fe@GOx (ZCFG), to synergistically inhibit tumor cell growth via cuproptosis/ferroptosis/pyroptosis. Its compensatory mechanisms collectively overcome tumor cell characteristics such as apoptotic escape and drug resistance. Leveraging its multi-enzyme-like activity, ZCFG achieves self-sustained H₂O₂ production, massive glutathione (GSH) depletion, and hydroxyl radical (·OH) bursts to induce tumor cell death. Furthermore, copper and iron ions overload induce metabolic disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction, triggering abnormal aggregation of dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), loss of Fe-S cluster proteins, and accumulation of lipid peroxides to induce cuproptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Notably, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts and zinc ion overload synergistically activate the caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis pathway, which further amplifies the antitumor effects of cuproptosis and ferroptosis, achieving mutually reinforcing therapeutic effects. This work provides a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment by constructing a cascade-catalyzed nanozyme platform that mediates multimodal synergistic antitumor therapy via cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.
新形式的程序性细胞死亡是调节肿瘤进展和治疗反应的关键;然而,单模细胞死亡诱导往往不能克服肿瘤细胞的凋亡逃逸和耐药。本研究设计并合成了一种多功能纳米酶ZIF-8/Cu/Fe@GOx (ZCFG),通过铜腐/铁腐/焦腐协同抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。其代偿机制共同克服了肿瘤细胞的特性,如凋亡逃逸和耐药。利用其多酶样活性,ZCFG实现自我维持的H₂O₂产生,大量谷胱甘肽(GSH)消耗和羟基自由基(·OH)爆发,诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。此外,铜和铁离子过载会导致代谢中断和线粒体功能障碍,引发二氢脂酰胺s -乙酰转移酶(dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, DLAT)的异常聚集、Fe-S簇蛋白的缺失和脂质过氧化物的积累,从而诱导肿瘤细胞铜下垂和铁下垂。值得注意的是,细胞内活性氧(ROS)爆发和锌离子过载协同激活caspase-1/ gsdmd依赖的焦亡途径,进一步放大了铜腐和铁腐的抗肿瘤作用,实现了相互增强的治疗效果。本研究通过构建一个级联催化的纳米酶平台,通过铜腐、铁腐和焦腐介导多模式协同抗肿瘤治疗,为肿瘤治疗提供了一种新的治疗策略。
{"title":"Multifunctional nanozyme-mediated synergistic activation of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis for potent antitumor therapy","authors":"Yuxin Tian ,&nbsp;Junfeng Ke ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Ping Gong ,&nbsp;Fuchen Xin ,&nbsp;Liping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.115415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel forms of programmed cell death are pivotal in regulating tumor progression and therapeutic response; however, single-mode cell death induction often fails to overcome apoptotic escape and drug resistance of tumor cells. This study designed and synthesized a multifunctional nanozyme, ZIF-8/Cu/Fe@GOx (ZCFG), to synergistically inhibit tumor cell growth via cuproptosis/ferroptosis/pyroptosis. Its compensatory mechanisms collectively overcome tumor cell characteristics such as apoptotic escape and drug resistance. Leveraging its multi-enzyme-like activity, ZCFG achieves self-sustained H₂O₂ production, massive glutathione (GSH) depletion, and hydroxyl radical (·OH) bursts to induce tumor cell death. Furthermore, copper and iron ions overload induce metabolic disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction, triggering abnormal aggregation of dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), loss of Fe-S cluster proteins, and accumulation of lipid peroxides to induce cuproptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Notably, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts and zinc ion overload synergistically activate the caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis pathway, which further amplifies the antitumor effects of cuproptosis and ferroptosis, achieving mutually reinforcing therapeutic effects. This work provides a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment by constructing a cascade-catalyzed nanozyme platform that mediates multimodal synergistic antitumor therapy via cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 115415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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