Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1186/s41120-024-00095-y
Marco Kunzelmann, Judith Thoma, Sabrina Laibacher, Joey M. Studts, Beate Presser, Julia Spitz
Multivariate interactions between process parameters can heavily impact product quality and process performance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Thus, multivariate interactions should be identified and appropriately controlled. This article describes an in-silico approach to establish multivariate acceptable ranges; these ranges help to illustrate the combined impact of multiple input variables on product quality and process performance. Additionally, this article includes a case study for a monoclonal antibody polishing application. Proven acceptable ranges are set by changing only one input parameter at a time while keeping all others constant to understand the impact of process variability on product quality or process performance, but the impact of synergistic variables are not evaluated. Within multivariate acceptable ranges, any combination of input parameters of a unit operation yields the desired product quality and process performance. The layered approach applied in this article is based on risk assessment and statistical models to leverage prior knowledge and existing data. The risk assessment is specific for a manufacturing facility but is applicable to multiple products manufactured in the same facility. No additional wet-lab experiments are required for building the statistical models when development and process characterization are executed using a design of experiments approach, compared to a univariate evaluation of data. The established multivariate acceptable range justifies revised normal operating ranges to ensure process control. Further, the determination of multivariate acceptable ranges adds to overall process knowledge, ultimately supporting the implementation of a more effective control strategy.
{"title":"An in-silico approach towards multivariate acceptable ranges in biopharmaceutical manufacturing","authors":"Marco Kunzelmann, Judith Thoma, Sabrina Laibacher, Joey M. Studts, Beate Presser, Julia Spitz","doi":"10.1186/s41120-024-00095-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-024-00095-y","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate interactions between process parameters can heavily impact product quality and process performance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Thus, multivariate interactions should be identified and appropriately controlled. This article describes an in-silico approach to establish multivariate acceptable ranges; these ranges help to illustrate the combined impact of multiple input variables on product quality and process performance. Additionally, this article includes a case study for a monoclonal antibody polishing application. Proven acceptable ranges are set by changing only one input parameter at a time while keeping all others constant to understand the impact of process variability on product quality or process performance, but the impact of synergistic variables are not evaluated. Within multivariate acceptable ranges, any combination of input parameters of a unit operation yields the desired product quality and process performance. The layered approach applied in this article is based on risk assessment and statistical models to leverage prior knowledge and existing data. The risk assessment is specific for a manufacturing facility but is applicable to multiple products manufactured in the same facility. No additional wet-lab experiments are required for building the statistical models when development and process characterization are executed using a design of experiments approach, compared to a univariate evaluation of data. The established multivariate acceptable range justifies revised normal operating ranges to ensure process control. Further, the determination of multivariate acceptable ranges adds to overall process knowledge, ultimately supporting the implementation of a more effective control strategy.","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the oncogenic rearranged during transfection (RET) gene fusion was discovered in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2012, multiple-targeted kinase inhibitors (MKIs) cabozantinib and vandetanib have been explored in the clinic for RET positive NSCLC patients. As the nonselective nature of these inhibitors, patients have off-target adverse effects. The discovery of highly potent selective RET inhibitors such as pralsetinib and selpercatinib improve the clinic efficiency and more favorable toxicity profile. However, acquired resistance mediated by secondary mutations in the solvent-front region of the kinase (e.g. G810C/S/R) become a new challenge for selective RET inhibitor therapies. In this review, we highlight typical RET inhibitors developed during these years and provide a reference for more potential RET inhibitors exploration in the future.
自2012年在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中发现致癌重排转染（RET）基因融合以来，多靶点激酶抑制剂（MKIs）卡博赞替尼（cabozantinib）和万替尼（vandetanib）已在临床上用于治疗RET阳性NSCLC患者。由于这些抑制剂的非选择性，患者会出现脱靶不良反应。普拉塞替尼和色瑞帕替尼等强效选择性 RET 抑制剂的发现提高了临床效率，并改善了毒性状况。然而，由激酶溶剂前区二次突变（如 G810C/S/R）介导的获得性耐药性成为选择性 RET 抑制剂疗法面临的新挑战。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍这几年开发的典型 RET 抑制剂，并为未来探索更多潜在的 RET 抑制剂提供参考。
{"title":"Recent progress of small-molecule of RET inhibitors against Non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Jiayi Shen, Liping Chen, Yulan Song, Sheng Chen, Wei Guo, Yongdong Li","doi":"10.1186/s41120-024-00094-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-024-00094-z","url":null,"abstract":"Since the oncogenic rearranged during transfection (RET) gene fusion was discovered in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2012, multiple-targeted kinase inhibitors (MKIs) cabozantinib and vandetanib have been explored in the clinic for RET positive NSCLC patients. As the nonselective nature of these inhibitors, patients have off-target adverse effects. The discovery of highly potent selective RET inhibitors such as pralsetinib and selpercatinib improve the clinic efficiency and more favorable toxicity profile. However, acquired resistance mediated by secondary mutations in the solvent-front region of the kinase (e.g. G810C/S/R) become a new challenge for selective RET inhibitor therapies. In this review, we highlight typical RET inhibitors developed during these years and provide a reference for more potential RET inhibitors exploration in the future.","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1186/s41120-024-00093-0
Robin Schreiber, Manami Hori, Chisato Takahashi, Mohammad Sofiqur Rahman, Ayane Nakao, Shu Zhu, Feiyu Zhu, Naoko Yoshida, Keiko Maekawa, Kazuko Kimura
This study aimed on the one hand to clarify the quality, authenticity, safety, and other issues related to products of the anabolic-androgenic steroid methandienone advertised on the Internet and personally imported to Japan and on the other hand to evaluate the use of two portable Raman spectrometers in identifying the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The study found that all n = 15 samples purchased from 14 websites were problematic regarding their package, labeling, and/or content. Specifically, one sample (6.7%) was confirmed falsified, twelve samples (80%) were found either to be falsified or unlicensed as pharmaceutical product, and two samples (13.3%) were received without information on the manufacturers’ physical address or country of origin, with one sample (6.7%) having no labeling or other accompanying information at all. Both Raman spectrometers were able to identify the API in all samples as confirmed and quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Twelve samples contained on average less than 90% of the declared API content. By contacting national regulatory authorities in 44 countries, methandienone products were found to be approved in 1 country and not approved in 21 countries. To prevent health hazards and abuse, measures against the acquisition of anabolic-androgenic steroids from unknown sources are required. Portable Raman spectrometers may be suitable for the non-destructive and quick identification of methandienone in tablets.
{"title":"Falsified and problematic methandienone products available online: active pharmaceutical ingredient identification by portable Raman spectrometers and quantification by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry","authors":"Robin Schreiber, Manami Hori, Chisato Takahashi, Mohammad Sofiqur Rahman, Ayane Nakao, Shu Zhu, Feiyu Zhu, Naoko Yoshida, Keiko Maekawa, Kazuko Kimura","doi":"10.1186/s41120-024-00093-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-024-00093-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed on the one hand to clarify the quality, authenticity, safety, and other issues related to products of the anabolic-androgenic steroid methandienone advertised on the Internet and personally imported to Japan and on the other hand to evaluate the use of two portable Raman spectrometers in identifying the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The study found that all n = 15 samples purchased from 14 websites were problematic regarding their package, labeling, and/or content. Specifically, one sample (6.7%) was confirmed falsified, twelve samples (80%) were found either to be falsified or unlicensed as pharmaceutical product, and two samples (13.3%) were received without information on the manufacturers’ physical address or country of origin, with one sample (6.7%) having no labeling or other accompanying information at all. Both Raman spectrometers were able to identify the API in all samples as confirmed and quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Twelve samples contained on average less than 90% of the declared API content. By contacting national regulatory authorities in 44 countries, methandienone products were found to be approved in 1 country and not approved in 21 countries. To prevent health hazards and abuse, measures against the acquisition of anabolic-androgenic steroids from unknown sources are required. Portable Raman spectrometers may be suitable for the non-destructive and quick identification of methandienone in tablets. ","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1186/s41120-024-00092-1
Amitkumar Virani, Nirali Dholaria, Hana Mohd, Nubul Albayati, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
This research study involves the development of an olanzapine (OLZ) formulation using various chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) for transdermal delivery. The aim of this study was to obtain the initial data needed about the effects of various CPEs on the skin permeation of OLZ. The effects of the selected CPEs were examined by studying the permeation profiles of OLZ from formulations applied to human cadaver skin samples. A control formulation of OLZ in propylene glycol (PG) was prepared and compared against formulations containing chemical penetration enhancers. Five different CPEs (oleic acid (OA), cineole (Cin), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tween 80 (T80), and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)) at 5% w/w were individually added to the formulation containing OLZ in PG. The in vitro permeation study was carried out using vertical Franz diffusion cells mounted with human cadaver skin. Samples from the receptor compartment of the cell were collected at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h at room temperature. The amount (µg/cm2) of permeated drug (OLZ) was measured using a validated HPLC method, and the percentage (%) of OLZ permeated was calculated. Based on the data obtained, different CPEs were found to have a significant impact on OLZ permeability compared to the control formulation. The most effective chemical penetration enhancer was shown to be 5% w/w OA with a 3.3-fold increase in enhancement ratio (ER). The rank of order for the highest concentration of OLZ permeated from each of CPE containing formulation was as follows: OA > Cin > IPA > T80 > NMP. The most effective chemical penetration enhancer was OA but the cytotoxic study using human fibroblast cells suggests that OA may not be safe due to its cytotoxic effects.
{"title":"Effect of chemical penetration enhancers on the transdermal delivery of olanzapine in human skin in vitro","authors":"Amitkumar Virani, Nirali Dholaria, Hana Mohd, Nubul Albayati, Bozena Michniak-Kohn","doi":"10.1186/s41120-024-00092-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-024-00092-1","url":null,"abstract":"This research study involves the development of an olanzapine (OLZ) formulation using various chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) for transdermal delivery. The aim of this study was to obtain the initial data needed about the effects of various CPEs on the skin permeation of OLZ. The effects of the selected CPEs were examined by studying the permeation profiles of OLZ from formulations applied to human cadaver skin samples. A control formulation of OLZ in propylene glycol (PG) was prepared and compared against formulations containing chemical penetration enhancers. Five different CPEs (oleic acid (OA), cineole (Cin), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tween 80 (T80), and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)) at 5% w/w were individually added to the formulation containing OLZ in PG. The in vitro permeation study was carried out using vertical Franz diffusion cells mounted with human cadaver skin. Samples from the receptor compartment of the cell were collected at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h at room temperature. The amount (µg/cm2) of permeated drug (OLZ) was measured using a validated HPLC method, and the percentage (%) of OLZ permeated was calculated. Based on the data obtained, different CPEs were found to have a significant impact on OLZ permeability compared to the control formulation. The most effective chemical penetration enhancer was shown to be 5% w/w OA with a 3.3-fold increase in enhancement ratio (ER). The rank of order for the highest concentration of OLZ permeated from each of CPE containing formulation was as follows: OA > Cin > IPA > T80 > NMP. The most effective chemical penetration enhancer was OA but the cytotoxic study using human fibroblast cells suggests that OA may not be safe due to its cytotoxic effects.","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor quality amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets have been recently discovered in generic drugs related to Augmentin-like medicines containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, as well as its derivatives containing falsified active ingredients. One of the most important dosage form characteristics are a detailed active pharmaceutical ingredients dissolution release profile evaluation obtained through dissolution testing. The dissolution test is used in the development of both brand-name and generic drugs. Prior to beginning bioequivalence studies, it is critical to compare the dissolution profiles of various pharmaceutical products. As a result, dissolution is a critical quality control parameter for drugs because it has a direct impact on absorption of pharmaceutical products. Dissolution profile evaluation of seven brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets is retailed in Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The seven brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets were collected from Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The dissolution study was conducted as per USP40-NF35. Then, the dissolution profile test results were compared by one-way ANOVA Dunnett’s test, model independent, and model dependent method. All of the included brand tablets complied with a single-point dissolution study specification. All brand tablets had similar dissolution profiles (p > 0.05), difference factor (f1) < 15%, and dissolution efficiency $$(le 10varvec{%}$$ ). However, the f2 (similarity factor) value justifies that all brand tablets were not within USFDA specification ( $$ge$$ 50%). The evaluated brands followed the Korsemeyer-Peppas followed by the Weibull curve models. All brand tablets passed the single point USP dissolution specification and the USFDA therapeutic interchangeability guideline. The similarity factor (f2), on the other hand, confirmed that none of the tested brand tablets were interchangeable with the innovator product. Therefore, researchers, national medicine regulatory bodies, and the manufacturer should conduct a properly designed dissolution test as proof of an in vitro bioequivalence study supported by in vivo bioavailability data. Dissolution profile evaluation of seven brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets retailed in Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. Why was the study done? Ever since a medicine must dissolve before it can be absorbed. Because the rate at which a drug dissolves from a dosage form generally influences the rate and amount of absorption. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should recommend that amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration of Augmentin with no significant difference in absorption after oral administration. When given orally, drugs with slow dissolution rates have intermittent and inadequate absorption, resulting in limited bioavailability. Aside from that, when a signif
{"title":"Dissolution profile evaluation of selected brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium 625 mg tablets retailed in Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Eyob Endashaw, Ramanjireddy Tatiparthi, Tesfaye Mohammed, Henok Teshome, Markos Duguma, Yesuneh Tefera","doi":"10.1186/s41120-024-00091-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-024-00091-2","url":null,"abstract":"Poor quality amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets have been recently discovered in generic drugs related to Augmentin-like medicines containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, as well as its derivatives containing falsified active ingredients. One of the most important dosage form characteristics are a detailed active pharmaceutical ingredients dissolution release profile evaluation obtained through dissolution testing. The dissolution test is used in the development of both brand-name and generic drugs. Prior to beginning bioequivalence studies, it is critical to compare the dissolution profiles of various pharmaceutical products. As a result, dissolution is a critical quality control parameter for drugs because it has a direct impact on absorption of pharmaceutical products. Dissolution profile evaluation of seven brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets is retailed in Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The seven brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets were collected from Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. The dissolution study was conducted as per USP40-NF35. Then, the dissolution profile test results were compared by one-way ANOVA Dunnett’s test, model independent, and model dependent method. All of the included brand tablets complied with a single-point dissolution study specification. All brand tablets had similar dissolution profiles (p > 0.05), difference factor (f1) < 15%, and dissolution efficiency $$(le 10varvec{%}$$ ). However, the f2 (similarity factor) value justifies that all brand tablets were not within USFDA specification ( $$ge$$ 50%). The evaluated brands followed the Korsemeyer-Peppas followed by the Weibull curve models. All brand tablets passed the single point USP dissolution specification and the USFDA therapeutic interchangeability guideline. The similarity factor (f2), on the other hand, confirmed that none of the tested brand tablets were interchangeable with the innovator product. Therefore, researchers, national medicine regulatory bodies, and the manufacturer should conduct a properly designed dissolution test as proof of an in vitro bioequivalence study supported by in vivo bioavailability data. Dissolution profile evaluation of seven brands of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets retailed in Hawassa town, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. Why was the study done? Ever since a medicine must dissolve before it can be absorbed. Because the rate at which a drug dissolves from a dosage form generally influences the rate and amount of absorption. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should recommend that amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration of Augmentin with no significant difference in absorption after oral administration. When given orally, drugs with slow dissolution rates have intermittent and inadequate absorption, resulting in limited bioavailability. Aside from that, when a signif","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1186/s41120-023-00089-2
James Bernstein, Kim Huynh-Ba, Patrick Lynch, Thomas Oliver, Reza Oliyai, Scott W. Roberts, Andrea Schirmer, David Schwinke, Kin Tang, Jessica Ursin
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Community hosted a virtual panel discussion on July 15, 2022, to provide a forum to discuss industry and regulator CMC challenges associated with emergency use authorizations.
{"title":"Acceleration of new medicines–CMC lessons learned from emergency use authorizations","authors":"James Bernstein, Kim Huynh-Ba, Patrick Lynch, Thomas Oliver, Reza Oliyai, Scott W. Roberts, Andrea Schirmer, David Schwinke, Kin Tang, Jessica Ursin","doi":"10.1186/s41120-023-00089-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-023-00089-2","url":null,"abstract":"The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Community hosted a virtual panel discussion on July 15, 2022, to provide a forum to discuss industry and regulator CMC challenges associated with emergency use authorizations.","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1186/s41120-023-00090-9
Hailing Tang, Lijuan Li, Baoshan Wang
Curcumin and paclitaxel are widely used as anti-tumor hydrophobic model drugs for the designation of smart tumor-targeting nanocarriers and the study of the correlation between structural characteristics of nanoparticles and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Various signaling pathways on cell growth and proliferation have been comprehensively studied in vitro and in vivo under the action of curcumin and paclitaxel nanoparticles. In this paper, we prepared EGFR-targeted GE11 peptide-modified curcumin and paclitaxel compound liposomes (CUR-PTX@GE11-L). The tumor suppression mechanism of CUR-PTX@GE11-L is observed from the aspects of drug release behavior, changes of cell morphology, liver retention, and tumor-targeting efficiency. We hope it can provide a new vision for the rational construction of smart nanoscale drug delivery system through the observation of cytotoxic effects of CUR-PTX@GE11-L, especially on the cellular morphology change.
{"title":"Observation of antitumor mechanism of GE11-modified paclitaxel and curcumin liposomes based on cellular morphology changes","authors":"Hailing Tang, Lijuan Li, Baoshan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s41120-023-00090-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-023-00090-9","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin and paclitaxel are widely used as anti-tumor hydrophobic model drugs for the designation of smart tumor-targeting nanocarriers and the study of the correlation between structural characteristics of nanoparticles and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Various signaling pathways on cell growth and proliferation have been comprehensively studied in vitro and in vivo under the action of curcumin and paclitaxel nanoparticles. In this paper, we prepared EGFR-targeted GE11 peptide-modified curcumin and paclitaxel compound liposomes (CUR-PTX@GE11-L). The tumor suppression mechanism of CUR-PTX@GE11-L is observed from the aspects of drug release behavior, changes of cell morphology, liver retention, and tumor-targeting efficiency. We hope it can provide a new vision for the rational construction of smart nanoscale drug delivery system through the observation of cytotoxic effects of CUR-PTX@GE11-L, especially on the cellular morphology change. ","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1186/s41120-023-00088-3
Kaushalendra Chaturvedi, Pasaorn Pongkulapa, Xiaoyi Ding, Harsh S. Shah, San Kiang, Veeran Kadajji
Abstract Coprocessing involves integration of multiple substances to improve the physical, chemical, mechanical, and biopharmaceutical properties of a material. Coprocessing is a promising technique in the pharmaceutical industry which support both drug substance and drug product processes. When active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are coprocessed with excipients, it can enable direct compression and continuous manufacturing. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-L), a commonly used excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, can enhance drug stability, solubility, and bioavailability. In this study, we have employed coprecipitation (CPT) to coprocess metformin hydrochloride (MET) with HPC-L, resulting in the formation of agglomerates with improved physical attributes without any risk of polymorphic changes. Acetone/acetonitrile and heptane were used as solvent and antisolvent, respectively. Screening study revealed that the use of a rotor stator helps to control the size of metformin hydrochloride and HPC-L agglomerates (M-CPT) without negatively impacting bulk density and powder flow properties. The CPT agglomerates showed residual solvent levels within the specified ICH limits. Powder rheology results demonstrated a sixfold increase in FFC of M-CPT compared to neat MET. The compressibility, tabletability, compactability, and “In-Die” Heckel analysis data further suggested that the M-CPT agglomerates are directly compressible with no observable changes in the dissolution profile of MET. Overall, this study demonstrates application of CPT approach to tune the physical and mechanical properties, and HPC-L can be used as an excipient of choice for CPT technique to improve the compressibility and flowability of APIs. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Enhancement of material attributes of poorly compressible metformin hydrochloride through coprocessing with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-L) using coprecipitation (CPT)","authors":"Kaushalendra Chaturvedi, Pasaorn Pongkulapa, Xiaoyi Ding, Harsh S. Shah, San Kiang, Veeran Kadajji","doi":"10.1186/s41120-023-00088-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-023-00088-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coprocessing involves integration of multiple substances to improve the physical, chemical, mechanical, and biopharmaceutical properties of a material. Coprocessing is a promising technique in the pharmaceutical industry which support both drug substance and drug product processes. When active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are coprocessed with excipients, it can enable direct compression and continuous manufacturing. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-L), a commonly used excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, can enhance drug stability, solubility, and bioavailability. In this study, we have employed coprecipitation (CPT) to coprocess metformin hydrochloride (MET) with HPC-L, resulting in the formation of agglomerates with improved physical attributes without any risk of polymorphic changes. Acetone/acetonitrile and heptane were used as solvent and antisolvent, respectively. Screening study revealed that the use of a rotor stator helps to control the size of metformin hydrochloride and HPC-L agglomerates (M-CPT) without negatively impacting bulk density and powder flow properties. The CPT agglomerates showed residual solvent levels within the specified ICH limits. Powder rheology results demonstrated a sixfold increase in FFC of M-CPT compared to neat MET. The compressibility, tabletability, compactability, and “In-Die” Heckel analysis data further suggested that the M-CPT agglomerates are directly compressible with no observable changes in the dissolution profile of MET. Overall, this study demonstrates application of CPT approach to tune the physical and mechanical properties, and HPC-L can be used as an excipient of choice for CPT technique to improve the compressibility and flowability of APIs. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135585287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The October 2022 draft United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance presents an option of in vitro release test (IVRT) studies as a biowaiver for topical drug products submitted in abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs). However, the product-specific guidance (PSG) for 1% clotrimazole (CLZ) topical cream does not provide an in vitro option for biowaiver and requires a clinical endpoint study to demonstrate bioequivalence (BE). Therefore, the main objective was to use IVRT to investigate pharmaceutical equivalence of several 1% CLZ topical creams from two countries — South Africa (SA) and Canada. This investigation aims at demonstrating the utility of IVRT to determine ‘sameness’ and/or differences between topical creams containing 1% CLZ and the potential of IVRT for supporting biowaivers, thereby obviating the necessity to conduct clinical endpoint studies in patients. A validated IVRT method was applied to conduct comparative IVRT runs on five generic products marketed in SA and one Canadian generic, which were compared against a relevant comparator product from their country of origin in accordance with the FDA’s acceptance criteria of 75–133.33%. All five SA-marketed generic creams showed pharmaceutical inequivalence to the SA comparator product indicating Q1/Q2/Q3 differences. Despite containing the same excipients as both comparator products, the Canadian generic showed substantially lower release rate compared to the comparator products which could be attributed to Q2/Q3 differences. The IVRT method displayed the requisite ability to assess the various 1% CLZ creams and confirmed the potential of the IVRT method to support a biowaiver for 1% CLZ topical creams. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Utility of in vitro release testing (IVRT) to assess ‘sameness’ of 1% clotrimazole creams for use as a biowaiver","authors":"Hannah Wellington, Seeprarani Rath, Sagaran Abboo, Isadore Kanfer","doi":"10.1186/s41120-023-00087-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-023-00087-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The October 2022 draft United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance presents an option of in vitro release test (IVRT) studies as a biowaiver for topical drug products submitted in abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs). However, the product-specific guidance (PSG) for 1% clotrimazole (CLZ) topical cream does not provide an in vitro option for biowaiver and requires a clinical endpoint study to demonstrate bioequivalence (BE). Therefore, the main objective was to use IVRT to investigate pharmaceutical equivalence of several 1% CLZ topical creams from two countries — South Africa (SA) and Canada. This investigation aims at demonstrating the utility of IVRT to determine ‘sameness’ and/or differences between topical creams containing 1% CLZ and the potential of IVRT for supporting biowaivers, thereby obviating the necessity to conduct clinical endpoint studies in patients. A validated IVRT method was applied to conduct comparative IVRT runs on five generic products marketed in SA and one Canadian generic, which were compared against a relevant comparator product from their country of origin in accordance with the FDA’s acceptance criteria of 75–133.33%. All five SA-marketed generic creams showed pharmaceutical inequivalence to the SA comparator product indicating Q1/Q2/Q3 differences. Despite containing the same excipients as both comparator products, the Canadian generic showed substantially lower release rate compared to the comparator products which could be attributed to Q2/Q3 differences. The IVRT method displayed the requisite ability to assess the various 1% CLZ creams and confirmed the potential of the IVRT method to support a biowaiver for 1% CLZ topical creams. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1186/s41120-023-00086-5
Dailenys Marrero-Morfa, César Ibarra-Alvarado, Francisco J. Luna-Vázquez, Miriam Estévez, Eremy Miranda Ledesma, Alejandra Rojas-Molina, Carlos T. Quirino-Barreda
Abstract Self-microemulsifying or self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS/SNEDDS) are well known to improve the dissolution and increase the oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, including herbal extracts. Organic extracts of Heliopsis longipes root and affinin, its main component, induce a vasodilator effect; however, they are poorly water soluble and therefore are difficult to administer and dose by the oral route. This research aimed to develop, through pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, a self-microemulsifying system prepared from an ethanolic extract of H. longipes root (HL-SMDS). In addition, the optimized lipid-based formulation was characterized and its in vitro gastrointestinal simulated dissolution was determined. The formulation composed of Transcutol, 55% (solubilizer); Tween80/PG, 10% (surfactant/co-solvent); Labrasol, 35% (surfactant); and the herbal extract was selected as optimal and identified as a SMEDDS, since when coming into contact with water, it forms a micro-emulsion with droplet sizes less than 100 nm. The stability tests showed that HL-SMDS remained stable over time under extreme conditions. Furthermore, the amount of affinin released from HL-SMDS at pH 1 and 6.8 was higher than that of the ethanolic extract from H. longipes root. These results indicate that HL-SMDS is a novel alternative to improve the aqueous solubility and therefore the oral bioavailability of the ethanolic extract of H. longipes root.
{"title":"Self-microemulsifying system of an ethanolic extract of Heliopsis longipes root for enhanced solubility and release of affinin","authors":"Dailenys Marrero-Morfa, César Ibarra-Alvarado, Francisco J. Luna-Vázquez, Miriam Estévez, Eremy Miranda Ledesma, Alejandra Rojas-Molina, Carlos T. Quirino-Barreda","doi":"10.1186/s41120-023-00086-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-023-00086-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Self-microemulsifying or self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS/SNEDDS) are well known to improve the dissolution and increase the oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, including herbal extracts. Organic extracts of Heliopsis longipes root and affinin, its main component, induce a vasodilator effect; however, they are poorly water soluble and therefore are difficult to administer and dose by the oral route. This research aimed to develop, through pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, a self-microemulsifying system prepared from an ethanolic extract of H. longipes root (HL-SMDS). In addition, the optimized lipid-based formulation was characterized and its in vitro gastrointestinal simulated dissolution was determined. The formulation composed of Transcutol, 55% (solubilizer); Tween80/PG, 10% (surfactant/co-solvent); Labrasol, 35% (surfactant); and the herbal extract was selected as optimal and identified as a SMEDDS, since when coming into contact with water, it forms a micro-emulsion with droplet sizes less than 100 nm. The stability tests showed that HL-SMDS remained stable over time under extreme conditions. Furthermore, the amount of affinin released from HL-SMDS at pH 1 and 6.8 was higher than that of the ethanolic extract from H. longipes root. These results indicate that HL-SMDS is a novel alternative to improve the aqueous solubility and therefore the oral bioavailability of the ethanolic extract of H. longipes root.","PeriodicalId":453,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136077599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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