Applied Solar Energy最新文献

A method for estimating film thickness based on the color painting of the non-absorbing film-absorbing substrate system is proposed. The method can be useful for developing the technology of applying anti-reflective coatings to solar cells. The thickness of a dark blue anti-reflective SiO film applied to a silicon wafer was determined to illustrate the method.

The study aims to investigate the impact of different operational parameters on the efficacy of a TiN nanofluid-charged heat pipe-assisted solar thermal collector under controlled indoor test conditions. The Taguchi method is employed for the optimization of operational parameters. A systematic experimental design was formulated considering key parameters such as TiN nanoparticle concentration, heat pipe evaporator diameter, collector tilt angle, filling ratio, and applied heat flux. The optimization process, performed using the L27 orthogonal array, identified the optimal parameter combination as a 50% filling ratio, 45° collector tilt angle, 12 mm heat pipe diameter, 0.1% TiN nanoparticle concentration, and 1000 W/m² heat flux, leading to a 27.8% enhancement in thermal efficiency compared to conventional working fluids. Experimental analysis was performed using Main Effect Plots and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. ANOVA confirmed that nanoparticle concentration and heat flux were the most significant factors affecting heat transfer performance, while collector tilt angle had the least impact. The integration of TiN nanofluid inside the heat pipe enhanced convective heat transfer because of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. Additionally, the optimized system achieved a solar energy efficiency of 78.5% and an exergy efficiency of 32.4%, demonstrating significant performance improvements. The developed regression models exhibited high predictive accuracy (R² > 97%), confirming the reliability of the optimization framework. The research outcomes underscore the potential of TiN nanofluids in solar thermal applications, future research should focus on the long-term stability of TiN nanofluids, economic feasibility, and hybrid nanofluid formulations for large-scale implementation.

Degradation in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems impacts their overall efficiency as they can decline in power production over time. This study pioneers Indonesia’s specific approach to solar PV degradation forecasting, implementing advanced data-science techniques. It forecasts the output power of six solar PV systems in Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan islands using historical time series data by considering degradation factors. The study uses web scraping techniques, statistical methods for data preprocessing, and machine learning algorithms for predicting future power outputs. The study forecasts 1.53–3.72% annual degradation rate with forecast accuracy ranging from 7.06 to 13.96%. The results emphasize the importance of factoring degradation into solar PV systems planning and operating in the South-East Asia’s tropical climates, the rapidly developing solar PV market.

This research focuses on conducting computer simulations of aerodynamic processes to study the behavior of airflow and dust deposition near a solar photovoltaic panel installed on a horizontal ground surface using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model was used to simulate the air flow, and a Lagrangian approach was used to model particle motion. This paper analyzes the influence of wind speed and dust particle size on the level of dust deposition on the surface of a photovoltaic panel, with wind attack angles from 0° to 180° and wind speeds from 2 to 12 m/s. The results show that changing the wind attack angle affects the dust deposition rate, and increasing the wind speed reduces this rate. At wind speeds above 2 m/s (at any angle of attack), an increase in dust particle diameter or material density increases the dust deposition rate. The maximum dust deposition rate of 15.8% is observed at a wind attack angle of 0° with a wind speed of 2 m/s for a particle diameter of 200 µm. The results of the numerical simulation of dust deposition near and on the surface of PV panels can be used to more accurately predict performance losses under actual operating conditions of existing or planned PV systems in regions with high airborne dust levels, which allows optimizing panel cleaning schedules. This is especially important for regions with a high frequency of dust storms, where dust accumulation significantly reduces the efficiency of solar panels. Predicting dust accumulation and the corresponding drop in output power helps to plan maintenance in a timely manner and minimize generation losses, thereby reducing operating costs and extending equipment service life. Preventing a significant efficiency drop due to dust deposition contributes to more sustainable development of solar energy, reducing the need for additional capacity and minimizing the environmental footprint of producing and installing additional panels.

The study summarizes the research conducted worldwide on the design and implementation of hybrid energy systems combining wind and solar energy to generate reliable and sustainable electricity. In general, wind and solar energy sources are used independently to generate electricity. However, it is clear that generating electricity by combining different renewable energy sources, called Hybrid Power System (HPS), will increase the system efficiency and provide a greater balance in energy supply. The use of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for electricity generation is emerging as a better, more effective, higher efficiency solution than traditional energy sources and in this context can be considered as a system choice with high potential to contribute to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), low-carbon society and efficient use of energy globally in the near future. HRESs, consisting of combined solar and wind energy systems, are attractive and suitable for various applications and are most commonly used for electricity generation in rural and urban areas.

This study focuses on the design, development, and analysis of an indirect solar food drying system tailored to the climatic conditions of Meknes, Morocco. The system aims to effectively reduce the moisture content of various products and consists of two main components: a solar air collector (SAC) and a drying cabinet. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze airflow distribution and thermal characteristics within the dryer. Temperature measurements taken in July showed peak temperatures of 64.8 and 57.6°C at the SAC outlet, and 57.4 and 51.4°C at the drying chamber outlet on the first and second days, respectively. The comparison between numerical and experimental data yielded a maximum percentage difference of 1.25%. The temperature contours revealed higher temperatures at the chamber inlet, particularly near the floor. The average outlet temperature and air velocity were 43.8°C and 1.48 m/s, respectively, with a consistent temperature profile as air passed through the trays. The pressure distribution within the chamber was uniform. Temperature values at the dryer outlet increase by decreasing air flow rate, with 51.8°C recorded at the lowest mass flow rate of 0.0109 kg/s. Finally, the drying kinetics of banana slices were best described by the Page model, with an effective moisture diffusivity of 3.06 × 10^–10 m²/s.

This study presents a scalable methodology for assessing rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) potential in Central Asia, utilizing open-source geospatial data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and PVGIS, and integrating the Minimum Rotated Rectangle (MRR) method for rooftop orientation analysis. Applied to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, the approach estimates installable capacity, annual energy yield, and economic viability through metrics such as Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), and Payback period (PP). Results indicate significant technical potential, with Kazakhstan leading at 61.43 GW and 49.00 TWh/year, followed by Uzbekistan at 35.07 GW and 32.28 TWh/year. Smaller nations like Kyrgyzstan (12.32 GW, 10.67 TWh) and Tajikistan (9.92 GW, 8.68 TWh) show substantial per-capita potential, while Turkmenistan benefits from the highest specific yield (1584.89 kWh/kW). LCOE ranges from 0.0273 USD/kWh (Turkmenistan) to 0.0378 USD/kWh (Kazakhstan), but economic feasibility varies due to tariff structures, with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan approaching unsubsidized viability, while Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan require significant subsidies (453.17 USD/kW and 1622.22 USD/kW, respectively). Validated against operational PV systems in Dushanbe (±10% deviation from PVGIS benchmarks), the methodology demonstrates reliability for data-scarce regions. By providing geospatial outputs, this study supports energy planning and policy formulation, contributing to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and offering a transferable framework for developing regions with limited geospatial data.

Solar energy, with its vast availability and sustainability, offers diverse applications such as electricity generation, water heating, vehicle power, and support for industrial activities. However, solar energy adoption rates vary across countries due to factors such as geographical location, solar resources, policy frameworks, energy infrastructure, and market conditions. Meanwhile, freshwater scarcity is becoming a global concern. Solar water desalination, a sustainable technology utilizing solar energy to remove salt from seawater and presents a potential solution. This review paper comprehensively assesses various solar water desalination methods, primarily focusing on energy conversion efficiencies and associated costs. Solar stills, though simple and affordable, demonstrate relatively low efficiencies ranging from 30 to 50%, making them suitable for small-scale or remote applications. Conversely, solar-powered Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems exhibit lower efficiencies of approximately 6 to 10% but come with variable costs ranging from $0.5 to $4 per cubic meter (m³). Solar-powered Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) and Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) systems boast higher thermal efficiencies, ranging from 30 to 70% and 30 to 50%, respectively, but may entail higher initial investment costs. This study highlights the trade-offs between efficiency and cost, offering valuable insights for decision-makers and stakeholders in implementing solar water desalination projects.

We presented scientific, methodological, and engineering approaches to the application of energy-active window units in the construction of passive houses, taking into account the climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan’s regions, which significantly enhance the energy efficiency of buildings. We examined international regulations governing the use of passive strategies and based on these, proposed boundary conditions for the parameters and indicators of energy-active window units to ensure their compliance with current standards. A critical analysis of the designs of energy-active window units was conducted, with a proposed classification based on functional purpose, frame material, construction type, tranclucent-filler type, number and arrangement of sealing contours, as well as sash design solutions and operational characteristics. We also evaluated the maximum and minimum outdoor temperatures by month for the period from 2000 to 2023 and developed temperature distribution maps across the regions of the republic. These maps serve as a basis for analyzing seasonal fluctuations and for developing window systems that provide effective insulation and reduce heat loss during cold periods. In light of the increasing number of days with extremely high temperatures, an analysis of data on the average number of hours with temperatures above 35°C was conducted. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the temperature conditions affecting the thermal load on buildings in the republic and serves as a foundation for developing effective energy-saving solutions. A new design of energy-active window units with a triple-glazed transparent enclosure and a heat transfer coefficient reduced to 0.5 W/(m² K) is proposed, which improves thermal efficiency by 30–50%, utilizing an air layer and L-shaped brackets to simplify operation and enhance insulation properties and efficiency in various climatic conditions.

The architecture of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the interfaces between charge transport layers and the perovskite layer are crucial to performance. These layers impact the morphology of the perovskite layer and the processes of charge extraction and recombination. This study investigates performance enhancement in PSCs by incorporating PEDOT: PSS and PTAA as hole transport layer (HTL). Various surface treatments were used to improve PTAA’s wettability, significantly enhancing layer adhesion and overall cell efficiency. Our findings suggest that optimizing HTLs and surface treatments can lead to more efficient and stable PSCs.