Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x24600139
M. Z. Saghir, M. Yahya
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are receiving much attention for powering different electrical systems. During charging and discharging, heat generated may cause a fire. Maintaining a low surface temperature is crucial for the safety of the batteries. The uniform temperature distribution is critical to achieve. Flow through the channel has been used for the active cooling of batteries. Air, water and nanofluid are the fluids utilized in the dynamic cooling system. In the present study, we replace the channel configuration with a triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) sheet made of AlSi10Mg with a thickness of 1 cm. The heat generated using 1C and 4C class of batteries is used. The numerical simulation using COMSOL software investigated different types of TPMS thermal performance. A solid gyroid network is the most suitable for such an application compared to a diamond network and I-graph and wrapped package graph (IWP) network for identical porosity. It is found that besides uniform temperature distribution compared to traditional channel configuration, there is an increase of the Nusselt number of 85% compared to the channel configuration. The performance evaluation criteria are increased by 40% compared to the channel configuration. The surface area of the TPMS plays a crucial role in heat extraction. Two parameters that confirmed the performance of the solid gyroid network are the performance evaluation criterion and the perforated ratio. Both indicated that the reliable gyroid network having a porosity of 0.5 is more effective in heat removal for this application.
{"title":"Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries in the Presence of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces Structure","authors":"M. Z. Saghir, M. Yahya","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24600139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x24600139","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Lithium-ion batteries are receiving much attention for powering different electrical systems. During charging and discharging, heat generated may cause a fire. Maintaining a low surface temperature is crucial for the safety of the batteries. The uniform temperature distribution is critical to achieve. Flow through the channel has been used for the active cooling of batteries. Air, water and nanofluid are the fluids utilized in the dynamic cooling system. In the present study, we replace the channel configuration with a triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) sheet made of AlSi10Mg with a thickness of 1 cm. The heat generated using 1C and 4C class of batteries is used. The numerical simulation using COMSOL software investigated different types of TPMS thermal performance. A solid gyroid network is the most suitable for such an application compared to a diamond network and I-graph and wrapped package graph (IWP) network for identical porosity. It is found that besides uniform temperature distribution compared to traditional channel configuration, there is an increase of the Nusselt number of 85% compared to the channel configuration. The performance evaluation criteria are increased by 40% compared to the channel configuration. The surface area of the TPMS plays a crucial role in heat extraction. Two parameters that confirmed the performance of the solid gyroid network are the performance evaluation criterion and the perforated ratio. Both indicated that the reliable gyroid network having a porosity of 0.5 is more effective in heat removal for this application.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x24600164
Warkaa Omar Abed Al-Rashidy, Aasim A. Azooz
Abstract
Driven by the scarcity of sufficient rooftop areas for PV installation in urban locations, this work assesses the performance and economic considerations of alternative vertical PV installations. A quantitative model-based analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage decrease in output of vertically installed PV modules. The results demonstrate that although vertical installations, driven by a shortage of rooftop space, do indeed result in reduced output, this decrease is deemed acceptable in many scenarios. For installations at high and medium latitude angles above 45°, vertical PV output reaches between 80 to 90% of that at the optimum tilt angle installation, and even surpasses horizontally installed panels for these latitudes. At latitudes between 25° and 45°, the vertical output ranges from 60 to 80% of the optimum, dropping to approximately 50% at latitudes within 20° of the equators. In all cases, the output loss can be easily offset with only a few percent additional cost associated with installing additional PV panels. Additionally, vertical systems collect less dust and require less cleaning. However, the complete system installation costs associated with vertical walls compared to rooftops are subject to specific circumstances and may still impede widespread adoption in some cases. It is expected that these costs will decrease through the implementation of innovations in this area. Examples of such innovations include PV-integrated glass windows and flexible PV panels. In conclusion, vertical wall-installed PV panels can indeed offer a viable alternative to rooftop installation in buildings with limited rooftop space.
{"title":"Efficiency of Vertically Installed Solar PV Panels","authors":"Warkaa Omar Abed Al-Rashidy, Aasim A. Azooz","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24600164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x24600164","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Driven by the scarcity of sufficient rooftop areas for PV installation in urban locations, this work assesses the performance and economic considerations of alternative vertical PV installations. A quantitative model-based analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage decrease in output of vertically installed PV modules. The results demonstrate that although vertical installations, driven by a shortage of rooftop space, do indeed result in reduced output, this decrease is deemed acceptable in many scenarios. For installations at high and medium latitude angles above 45°, vertical PV output reaches between 80 to 90% of that at the optimum tilt angle installation, and even surpasses horizontally installed panels for these latitudes. At latitudes between 25° and 45°, the vertical output ranges from 60 to 80% of the optimum, dropping to approximately 50% at latitudes within 20° of the equators. In all cases, the output loss can be easily offset with only a few percent additional cost associated with installing additional PV panels. Additionally, vertical systems collect less dust and require less cleaning. However, the complete system installation costs associated with vertical walls compared to rooftops are subject to specific circumstances and may still impede widespread adoption in some cases. It is expected that these costs will decrease through the implementation of innovations in this area. Examples of such innovations include PV-integrated glass windows and flexible PV panels. In conclusion, vertical wall-installed PV panels can indeed offer a viable alternative to rooftop installation in buildings with limited rooftop space.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23601734
S. Miqoi, B. Tidhaf, A. El Ougli
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of the Photovoltaic water pumping system to cover the water requirement in rural areas. To do so, it is important to make sure that the PV array produces its maximum power at all times, which can be influenced by external condition (mainly the temperature and irradiation). Hence, we are employing the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System based MPPT in two ways. The ANFIS controller is considered more accurate and efficient as it uses an artificial neural network to learn from training data and generate fuzzy rules based on that data. Both approaches of ANFIS are used to control the duty cycle of the SEPIC converter, which connects the PV panel to the DC motor feeding the water pump. The system combining the PV panel, the SEPIC converter, the controller and the DC motor, is designed and simulated under MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the proposed methods is tested under various meteorological conditions.
{"title":"Two Different Approaches of Applying ANFIS Based MPPT for a PV Water Pumping System with a SEPIC Converter","authors":"S. Miqoi, B. Tidhaf, A. El Ougli","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601734","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of the Photovoltaic water pumping system to cover the water requirement in rural areas. To do so, it is important to make sure that the PV array produces its maximum power at all times, which can be influenced by external condition (mainly the temperature and irradiation). Hence, we are employing the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System based MPPT in two ways. The ANFIS controller is considered more accurate and efficient as it uses an artificial neural network to learn from training data and generate fuzzy rules based on that data. Both approaches of ANFIS are used to control the duty cycle of the SEPIC converter, which connects the PV panel to the DC motor feeding the water pump. The system combining the PV panel, the SEPIC converter, the controller and the DC motor, is designed and simulated under MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the proposed methods is tested under various meteorological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x24602047
Dillip Kumar Biswal, Bikash Ranjan Moharana, Kamalakanta Muduli, Noorhafiza Muhammad, Asnul Hadi Ahmad
Abstract
Through tapping into the boundless resources provided by the sea and sun, scientists have created a sustainable and cost-effective drinking water supply using solar-powered desalination. In this manuscript, utilizing gravels, sand and wick materials as the energy storage medium is one of the key sustainability modifications made for bettering the rate of evaporation within solar stills, hence enhancing the freshwater yield. Here, experiments on a single basin solar still with and without energy storage components have been carried out. Typically, energy storage materials are employed to enhance the rate of evaporation in solar stills, aiming to increase the yield of distilled water during nocturnal hours. Consequently, it was observed that using locally available heat storage materials in a solar still during daylight and overnight production of distillate for 15 liter of water input resulted in increases of 54.39 and 58.08%, respectively. In the case of upgraded solar desalination systems, the maximum thermal efficiencies were notably improved, with increases of 90.843, 84.464, and 66.326% compared to conventional solar desalination systems for water inputs of 15, 20, and 25 liters, respectively. The suggested solar still design is particularly well-suited for generating freshwater in regions with a pronounced demand, such as areas characterized by excessively saline groundwater, coastal zones, and rural locations.
{"title":"Investigation of a Single Slope Solar Still Integrated with Gravels, Sand and Wick Materials: An Experimental Approach","authors":"Dillip Kumar Biswal, Bikash Ranjan Moharana, Kamalakanta Muduli, Noorhafiza Muhammad, Asnul Hadi Ahmad","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24602047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x24602047","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Through tapping into the boundless resources provided by the sea and sun, scientists have created a sustainable and cost-effective drinking water supply using solar-powered desalination. In this manuscript, utilizing gravels, sand and wick materials as the energy storage medium is one of the key sustainability modifications made for bettering the rate of evaporation within solar stills, hence enhancing the freshwater yield. Here, experiments on a single basin solar still with and without energy storage components have been carried out. Typically, energy storage materials are employed to enhance the rate of evaporation in solar stills, aiming to increase the yield of distilled water during nocturnal hours. Consequently, it was observed that using locally available heat storage materials in a solar still during daylight and overnight production of distillate for 15 liter of water input resulted in increases of 54.39 and 58.08%, respectively. In the case of upgraded solar desalination systems, the maximum thermal efficiencies were notably improved, with increases of 90.843, 84.464, and 66.326% compared to conventional solar desalination systems for water inputs of 15, 20, and 25 liters, respectively. The suggested solar still design is particularly well-suited for generating freshwater in regions with a pronounced demand, such as areas characterized by excessively saline groundwater, coastal zones, and rural locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, integrating photovoltaic (PV) generation into the conventional grid system has become a significant concern. As a consequence, the analysis of the impact of the PV system on the existing grid and the application of preventive methods to maintain the power quality of the system has joined paramount importance. In this paper, the authors have proposed a grid-connected PV ETAP Simulation Model to analyze the harmonics’ effect on the system in the presence of nonlinear loads. After analyzing, it is observed that different odd-order harmonics are generated in the system which can have a negative impact on the system. To take care of these odd-order harmonics the authors compare two basic mitigation techniques; one being the Single Tune Passive Filter (STPF) mitigation which is not applicable for multiple harmonics order reduction with system power loss and the other being the Phase sifting transform mitigation. As compared to the passive filter method, the phase-shifting transformer bears the advantage of minimal power loss and voltage fluctuations. However, the phase-shifting transformer method is effective for multiple harmonic order reduction but not applicable for higher odd harmonics. To overcome this problem authors introduced a hybrid concept of mitigation which reduces power loss by up to 52% and mitigates harmonics up to 85–90%.
{"title":"Comparison of Harmonics Mitigation Techniques for Grid-Connected PV System and Introduction of a Concept of Hybrid Filter","authors":"Subhajit Mukherjee, Ratan Mandal, Soumya Chatterjee","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601394","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Nowadays, integrating photovoltaic (PV) generation into the conventional grid system has become a significant concern. As a consequence, the analysis of the impact of the PV system on the existing grid and the application of preventive methods to maintain the power quality of the system has joined paramount importance. In this paper, the authors have proposed a grid-connected PV ETAP Simulation Model to analyze the harmonics’ effect on the system in the presence of nonlinear loads. After analyzing, it is observed that different odd-order harmonics are generated in the system which can have a negative impact on the system. To take care of these odd-order harmonics the authors compare two basic mitigation techniques; one being the Single Tune Passive Filter (STPF) mitigation which is not applicable for multiple harmonics order reduction with system power loss and the other being the Phase sifting transform mitigation. As compared to the passive filter method, the phase-shifting transformer bears the advantage of minimal power loss and voltage fluctuations. However, the phase-shifting transformer method is effective for multiple harmonic order reduction but not applicable for higher odd harmonics. To overcome this problem authors introduced a hybrid concept of mitigation which reduces power loss by up to 52% and mitigates harmonics up to 85–90%.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23601849
K. Aseem, M. Jayakumar, P. Pramod, B. C. Anilkumar, M. Sarith Divakar
Abstract
In this paper, Fractional-order PID controller incorporated Decoupled Control (FOPID-DC) method is designed for a grid-connected solar PV system. The fractional calculus-based PID controller is used to estimate the effect of harsh weather changes on the inverter dynamics. The outer active and reactive current control loop and the inner DC link voltage control loop of the proposed FOPID-DC operate in a d-q reference frame that is coupled to the grid voltage vector. The suggested FOPID-DC avoids the drawbacks of the traditional PID controller while maintaining the advantages of the fractional controller. The performance of error tracking is greatly enhanced by the use of fractional operators. The studies are carried out in MATLAB Simulink. To establish the improved dynamic performance of the FOPID-DC, a comprehensive comparative study was carried out between the conventional PID controller combined with decoupled controller (PID-DC) and the FOPID-DC. The performance of the FOPID controller incorporated decoupled controller is assessed under different environmental conditions. Under various stochastic climatic conditions, the key performance indicators, such as DC ink voltage, PV power, and the grid-side quadrature axis current, are plotted. Under these climatic test conditions, time domain metrics such as rise time, maximum overshoot, and settling time are tabulated for PID-DC and FOPID-DC. To illustrate the supremacy of the recommended controller, a radar plot of the DC link voltage error was also plotted. The proposed FOPID-DC is more resilient, efficient, and effective at mitigating the uncertainties brought on by abrupt changes in weather and has a simple control structure.
{"title":"Fractional Order PID Controller Incorporated Decoupled Control of Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System","authors":"K. Aseem, M. Jayakumar, P. Pramod, B. C. Anilkumar, M. Sarith Divakar","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601849","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>In this paper, Fractional-order PID controller incorporated Decoupled Control (FOPID-DC) method is designed for a grid-connected solar PV system. The fractional calculus-based PID controller is used to estimate the effect of harsh weather changes on the inverter dynamics. The outer active and reactive current control loop and the inner DC link voltage control loop of the proposed FOPID-DC operate in a d-q reference frame that is coupled to the grid voltage vector. The suggested FOPID-DC avoids the drawbacks of the traditional PID controller while maintaining the advantages of the fractional controller. The performance of error tracking is greatly enhanced by the use of fractional operators. The studies are carried out in MATLAB Simulink. To establish the improved dynamic performance of the FOPID-DC, a comprehensive comparative study was carried out between the conventional PID controller combined with decoupled controller (PID-DC) and the FOPID-DC. The performance of the FOPID controller incorporated decoupled controller is assessed under different environmental conditions. Under various stochastic climatic conditions, the key performance indicators, such as DC ink voltage, PV power, and the grid-side quadrature axis current, are plotted. Under these climatic test conditions, time domain metrics such as rise time, maximum overshoot, and settling time are tabulated for PID-DC and FOPID-DC. To illustrate the supremacy of the recommended controller, a radar plot of the DC link voltage error was also plotted. The proposed FOPID-DC is more resilient, efficient, and effective at mitigating the uncertainties brought on by abrupt changes in weather and has a simple control structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x24600218
Y. F. Nassar, H. J. El-Khozondar, A. A. Alatrash, B. A. Ahmed, R. S. Elzer, A. A. Ahmed, I. I. Imbayah, A. H. Alsharif, M. M. Khaleel
Abstract
Libya has a wide range of temperatures and topographies, making it a promising place to use wind and solar energy. This research evaluated many technologies available in the global market, including wind energy, concentrated solar power (CSP), and photovoltaic (PV) solar, with the goal of localizing the renewable energy business. The aim was to optimize the advantages of employing locally accessible renewable resources while guaranteeing their suitability for the diverse climatic circumstances found throughout the nation. Twelve carefully chosen locations in Libya were used to assess the performance of 67 PV solar modules, 47 inverters, five different types of CPS, and 17 wind turbines using the System Advisor Model (SAM) dynamic simulation tool. The simulations employed 15-minute time series of climate data from the SolarGis platform for a 13-year timeframe (January 1, 2007–June 30, 2020). The standard used to determine which technology was best suited for each site was the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The findings showed that solar and wind energy (PV and CSP) could significantly meet the examined areas’ demand for electrical energy. In contrast to wind energy, which had an LCOE ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 ¢/kWh, PV solar technology had an LCOE between 5.2 and 6.4 ¢/kWh. On the other hand, systems utilizing concentrated solar energy showed comparatively higher levels of life cycle costs; the heliostat field had the lowest, at 8.0 ¢/kWh. The research findings offer significant perspectives to engineers, planners, and decision-makers, enabling well-informed choices on the advancement and funding of renewable energy initiatives in Libya. The analysis concludes that wind energy is the most economically advantageous investment choice in the Libyan energy market, in contrast to the industry’s predominate concentration on PV solar systems. Environmentally speaking, building a 1000 MW renewable power plant with a 40% capacity factor will reduce CO2 emissions by 3.82 million tons, saving $286.5 million in carbon taxes annually.
{"title":"Assessing the Viability of Solar and Wind Energy Technologies in Semi-Arid and Arid Regions: A Case Study of Libya’s Climatic Conditions","authors":"Y. F. Nassar, H. J. El-Khozondar, A. A. Alatrash, B. A. Ahmed, R. S. Elzer, A. A. Ahmed, I. I. Imbayah, A. H. Alsharif, M. M. Khaleel","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24600218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x24600218","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Libya has a wide range of temperatures and topographies, making it a promising place to use wind and solar energy. This research evaluated many technologies available in the global market, including wind energy, concentrated solar power (CSP), and photovoltaic (PV) solar, with the goal of localizing the renewable energy business. The aim was to optimize the advantages of employing locally accessible renewable resources while guaranteeing their suitability for the diverse climatic circumstances found throughout the nation. Twelve carefully chosen locations in Libya were used to assess the performance of 67 PV solar modules, 47 inverters, five different types of CPS, and 17 wind turbines using the System Advisor Model (SAM) dynamic simulation tool. The simulations employed 15-minute time series of climate data from the SolarGis platform for a 13-year timeframe (January 1, 2007–June 30, 2020). The standard used to determine which technology was best suited for each site was the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The findings showed that solar and wind energy (PV and CSP) could significantly meet the examined areas’ demand for electrical energy. In contrast to wind energy, which had an LCOE ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 ¢/kWh, PV solar technology had an LCOE between 5.2 and 6.4 ¢/kWh. On the other hand, systems utilizing concentrated solar energy showed comparatively higher levels of life cycle costs; the heliostat field had the lowest, at 8.0 ¢/kWh. The research findings offer significant perspectives to engineers, planners, and decision-makers, enabling well-informed choices on the advancement and funding of renewable energy initiatives in Libya. The analysis concludes that wind energy is the most economically advantageous investment choice in the Libyan energy market, in contrast to the industry’s predominate concentration on PV solar systems. Environmentally speaking, building a 1000 MW renewable power plant with a 40% capacity factor will reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 3.82 million tons, saving $286.5 million in carbon taxes annually.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x23601801
I. Ashurov, Kh. Akhunov, Kh. Ashurov, H. Wang, G. Wang, P. Ji, M. Kurbanov
Abstract
Within the lithium-ion battery sector, silicon (Si)-based anode materials have emerged as a critical driver of progress, notably in advancing energy storage capabilities. The heightened interest in Si-based anode materials can be attributed to their advantageous characteristics, which include a high theoretical specific capacity, a low delithiation potential, wide availability, and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials are not immune to challenges. One prominent issue arises from the significant volume changes that occur during lithiation (charging) and delithiation (discharging) processes, resulting in mechanical stress within the material. This stress leads to structural degradation over time, thereby reducing capacity and performance. Another critical concern revolves around the inherent low electronic conductivity of Si-based materials and their limited cycling stability, which limits their practical application on a commercial scale. This comprehensive review thoroughly examines recent advancements in SiOx (0 < x ≤ 2)-based anode materials, with a specific focus on SiO2 and Si-carbon composites, delving into their electrochemical properties and mechanisms. It also highlights existing challenges and suggests potential avenues for improvement, providing valuable insights for future research directions. The synthesis methods and performance benchmarks discussed in this review are essential for developing more efficient and sustainable SiOx-based anodes across various energy storage applications.
摘要在锂离子电池领域，硅（Si）基负极材料已成为推动技术进步的关键因素，特别是在提高储能能力方面。硅基负极材料之所以备受关注，是因为它们具有理论比容量高、脱ithiation 电位低、可用性广和成本效益高的优势特点。然而，这些材料也面临着挑战。一个突出的问题是，在锂化（充电）和脱锂（放电）过程中会发生显著的体积变化，导致材料内部产生机械应力。随着时间的推移，这种应力会导致结构退化，从而降低容量和性能。另一个关键问题是硅基材料固有的低电子传导性及其有限的循环稳定性，这限制了它们在商业规模上的实际应用。本综述深入探讨了 SiOx（0 < x ≤ 2）基负极材料的最新进展，特别关注 SiO2 和 Si 碳复合材料，深入研究了它们的电化学性能和机理。报告还强调了现有的挑战，并提出了潜在的改进途径，为未来的研究方向提供了宝贵的见解。本综述中讨论的合成方法和性能基准对于在各种储能应用中开发更高效、更可持续的氧化硅基阳极至关重要。
{"title":"Utilization of Silicon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes: Unveiling Progress, Hurdles, and Prospects (Review)","authors":"I. Ashurov, Kh. Akhunov, Kh. Ashurov, H. Wang, G. Wang, P. Ji, M. Kurbanov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601801","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Within the lithium-ion battery sector, silicon (Si)-based anode materials have emerged as a critical driver of progress, notably in advancing energy storage capabilities. The heightened interest in Si-based anode materials can be attributed to their advantageous characteristics, which include a high theoretical specific capacity, a low delithiation potential, wide availability, and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials are not immune to challenges. One prominent issue arises from the significant volume changes that occur during lithiation (charging) and delithiation (discharging) processes, resulting in mechanical stress within the material. This stress leads to structural degradation over time, thereby reducing capacity and performance. Another critical concern revolves around the inherent low electronic conductivity of Si-based materials and their limited cycling stability, which limits their practical application on a commercial scale. This comprehensive review thoroughly examines recent advancements in SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (0 < <i>x</i> ≤ 2)-based anode materials, with a specific focus on SiO<sub>2</sub> and Si-carbon composites, delving into their electrochemical properties and mechanisms. It also highlights existing challenges and suggests potential avenues for improvement, providing valuable insights for future research directions. The synthesis methods and performance benchmarks discussed in this review are essential for developing more efficient and sustainable SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>-based anodes across various energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) require high temperature steam, but generating steam with electricity is very energy intensive. Concentrated solar power can be a good substitute for electricity to generate high temperature steam. In this paper, the thermal performance of a solar steam generator is researched. The steam generator improves the heat transfer capacity by installing porous ceramic material inside and using spray cooling technique. Due to the limited heat transfer capacity of previous steam generators, other types of steam generators can only produce steam with a temperature below 700°C. The steam generator in this paper has a high thermal efficiency depending on the nozzle characteristics. Therefore, the steam generator has obvious advantages in terms of generating high-temperature steam. The experimental results show that the instantaneous thermal efficiency of the steam generator with a new nozzle can reach a maximum of 58% when the solar irradiation power is 2.26 kW and the inlet water flow rate is 1.23 kg/h. At this time, the steam generator can produce high temperature water vapour at a maximum temperature of 715.4°C. The optimized solar steam generator was also coupled with the SOEC system, and hydrogen production was successfully achieved by experimental means. The solar SOEC system has great potential for hydrogen production.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Optimization of Thermal Performance in a Solar Steam Generator","authors":"Hongjun Wang, Qiangqiang Zhang, Xin Li, Xia Zhang, Tianzeng Ma, Haoyang Yin, Khurshida F. Sayfieva","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601692","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) require high temperature steam, but generating steam with electricity is very energy intensive. Concentrated solar power can be a good substitute for electricity to generate high temperature steam. In this paper, the thermal performance of a solar steam generator is researched. The steam generator improves the heat transfer capacity by installing porous ceramic material inside and using spray cooling technique. Due to the limited heat transfer capacity of previous steam generators, other types of steam generators can only produce steam with a temperature below 700°C. The steam generator in this paper has a high thermal efficiency depending on the nozzle characteristics. Therefore, the steam generator has obvious advantages in terms of generating high-temperature steam. The experimental results show that the instantaneous thermal efficiency of the steam generator with a new nozzle can reach a maximum of 58% when the solar irradiation power is 2.26 kW and the inlet water flow rate is 1.23 kg/h. At this time, the steam generator can produce high temperature water vapour at a maximum temperature of 715.4°C. The optimized solar steam generator was also coupled with the SOEC system, and hydrogen production was successfully achieved by experimental means. The solar SOEC system has great potential for hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x24600140
G. N. Uzakov, X. A. Almardanov
Abstract
The article proposes a technological scheme of a heliopyrolysis plant with a parabolic solar energy concentrator and presents the results of a study of the thermal technological regime of the process of pyrolysis of sunflower waste. To study the process, an experimental heliopyrolysis installation with a parabolic solar concentrator was created. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the practical possibility of solar technology for the thermal processing of sunflower waste using a parabolic solar concentrator and to determine the main parameters of the thermal technological regime of heliopyrolysis. The results of experimental studies of the process of heliopyrolysis of sunflower waste at a temperature of 400–500°C are presented. The values of the heat of combustion of liquid and gaseous biofuels obtained by solar pyrolysis were determined. It has been established that the value of the lower calorific value of liquid pyrolysis fuel is 35–40 MJ/kg, and the calorific value of gaseous fuel is 25–28 MJ/m3. During the experiments, the temperature dependence and material balance of the resulting products during the thermal processing of sunflower waste using concentrated solar thermal energy were studied. In experiments carried out at the installation, as a result of the pyrolysis of 1 kg of sunflower waste loaded into the reactor of a heliopyrolysis installation, 63% of biochar, 10% of liquid, and 27% of gaseous biofuels were obtained. The results of the studies showed that the yield of liquid pyrolysis products is affected by the humidity of the initial biomass; and the maximum yield of the liquid pyrolysis, and product of sunflower waste corresponds to a temperature of about 430°C and a humidity of the loaded initial biomass of 25%. Based on the conducted research, the effectiveness and possibility of using a heliopyrolysis installation with a solar parabolic concentrator to maintain the required temperature regime for the pyrolysis of sunflower waste in the daytime operating mode of the installation was substantiated.
{"title":"Heliopyrolysis of Sunflower Waste Using a Parabolic Solar Concentrator","authors":"G. N. Uzakov, X. A. Almardanov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x24600140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x24600140","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>The article proposes a technological scheme of a heliopyrolysis plant with a parabolic solar energy concentrator and presents the results of a study of the thermal technological regime of the process of pyrolysis of sunflower waste. To study the process, an experimental heliopyrolysis installation with a parabolic solar concentrator was created. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the practical possibility of solar technology for the thermal processing of sunflower waste using a parabolic solar concentrator and to determine the main parameters of the thermal technological regime of heliopyrolysis. The results of experimental studies of the process of heliopyrolysis of sunflower waste at a temperature of 400–500°C are presented. The values of the heat of combustion of liquid and gaseous biofuels obtained by solar pyrolysis were determined. It has been established that the value of the lower calorific value of liquid pyrolysis fuel is 35–40 MJ/kg, and the calorific value of gaseous fuel is 25–28 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>. During the experiments, the temperature dependence and material balance of the resulting products during the thermal processing of sunflower waste using concentrated solar thermal energy were studied. In experiments carried out at the installation, as a result of the pyrolysis of 1 kg of sunflower waste loaded into the reactor of a heliopyrolysis installation, 63% of biochar, 10% of liquid, and 27% of gaseous biofuels were obtained. The results of the studies showed that the yield of liquid pyrolysis products is affected by the humidity of the initial biomass; and the maximum yield of the liquid pyrolysis, and product of sunflower waste corresponds to a temperature of about 430°C and a humidity of the loaded initial biomass of 25%. Based on the conducted research, the effectiveness and possibility of using a heliopyrolysis installation with a solar parabolic concentrator to maintain the required temperature regime for the pyrolysis of sunflower waste in the daytime operating mode of the installation was substantiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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