Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600438
Yu. D. Grigor’eva, O. V. Kolyaganova, V. V. Klimov, E. V. Bryuzgin, A. V. Navrotskii, I. A. Novakov
Abstract
The use of reactive copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates differing in the length of the alkyl substituent (С6–С18) has been suggested as alternative to fluorinated modifiers to efficiently reduce the surface free energy. The influence of the structure and composition of the copolymers on the surface free energy and the work of adhesion to polar and dispersive test liquids has been demonstrated. At a smooth surface, the polymer coatings based on the functional copolymers have exhibited low surface free energy (down to 19 mN/m) and to ensure the high-hydrophobic wetting state with contact angles up to 105°. The stability of the superhydrophobic state of the polymer coatings at the textured aluminum surface (the AMG2M grade) with initial wetting angles up to 168° has been investigated.
{"title":"Influence of Composition of Copolymers of Glycidyl Methacrylate and Alkyl Methacrylates on the Free Energy and Lyophilic Properties of the Coatings","authors":"Yu. D. Grigor’eva, O. V. Kolyaganova, V. V. Klimov, E. V. Bryuzgin, A. V. Navrotskii, I. A. Novakov","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600438","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The use of reactive copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates differing in the length of the alkyl substituent (С6–С18) has been suggested as alternative to fluorinated modifiers to efficiently reduce the surface free energy. The influence of the structure and composition of the copolymers on the surface free energy and the work of adhesion to polar and dispersive test liquids has been demonstrated. At a smooth surface, the polymer coatings based on the functional copolymers have exhibited low surface free energy (down to 19 mN/m) and to ensure the high-hydrophobic wetting state with contact angles up to 105°. The stability of the superhydrophobic state of the polymer coatings at the textured aluminum surface (the AMG2M grade) with initial wetting angles up to 168° has been investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600451
Kh. E. Yunusov, M. M. Mirkholisov, N. Sh. Ashurov, A. A. Sarymsakov, S. Sh. Rashidova
Abstract
Conditions for the synthesis of polymer–metal complexes incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles differing in the size and shape, via chemical methods from solutions of purified sodium carboxymethylcellulose (degree of substitution 0.97 and degree of polymerization 850) and zinc nitrate crystal hydrate at temperature 80°C, have been determined. Physico-chemical properties of the samples of sodium carboxymethylcellulose containing stabilized zinc oxide nanoparticles differing in the size and shape have been investigated by means of FT-IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. It has been found that an increase in initial concentration of Zn(NO3)2 in the solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose subject to chemical reduction leads to the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles differing in the size and shape. Solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose containing zinc oxide nanoparticles can be widely used in medical practice as biomaterials with antibacterial properties.
摘要 通过化学方法，从温度为 80°C 的纯化羧甲基纤维素钠（取代度为 0.97，聚合度为 850）和水合硝酸锌晶体溶液中，确定了合成含有不同尺寸和形状氧化锌纳米颗粒的聚合物-金属复合物的条件。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、原子力显微镜和 X 射线衍射分析，研究了含有大小和形状不同的稳定氧化锌纳米颗粒的羧甲基纤维素钠样品的物理化学特性。研究发现，在进行化学还原的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液中，随着 Zn(NO3)2 初始浓度的增加，会形成大小和形状不同的氧化锌纳米颗粒。含有纳米氧化锌的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液可作为具有抗菌特性的生物材料广泛应用于医疗领域。
{"title":"Formation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions of Carboxymethylcellulose and Their Physico-Chemical Properties","authors":"Kh. E. Yunusov, M. M. Mirkholisov, N. Sh. Ashurov, A. A. Sarymsakov, S. Sh. Rashidova","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600451","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Conditions for the synthesis of polymer–metal complexes incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles differing in the size and shape, via chemical methods from solutions of purified sodium carboxymethylcellulose (degree of substitution 0.97 and degree of polymerization 850) and zinc nitrate crystal hydrate at temperature 80°C, have been determined. Physico-chemical properties of the samples of sodium carboxymethylcellulose containing stabilized zinc oxide nanoparticles differing in the size and shape have been investigated by means of FT-IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. It has been found that an increase in initial concentration of Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in the solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose subject to chemical reduction leads to the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles differing in the size and shape. Solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose containing zinc oxide nanoparticles can be widely used in medical practice as biomaterials with antibacterial properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600372
Gaofei Yuan, Mingyi Liao, Yunfei Chang
Abstract
A two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism was used and described to prepare liquid amine-terminated fluoroelastomers (LTAFs) by using liquid hydroxy-terminated fluoroelastomers (LTHFs) as raw materials, benzenesulfonyl chloride as an activator, and hexanediamine as an amine source. A reaction time of 24 h at 18°C and a molar ratio of groups –NH2/–OH = 6.00 is an optimal condition for obtaining LTAFs with a yield of amino groups of 51%. The resulting LTAFs has a higher viscosity and lower thermal stability than LTHFs, while the molecular weight and distribution, as well as the glass transition temperature, remain essentially similar. Aziridine cured LTAFs has the best comprehensive mechanical properties and excellent chemical solvent resistance.
{"title":"Preparation, Curing and Properties of Liquid Amine-Terminated Fluoroelastomers","authors":"Gaofei Yuan, Mingyi Liao, Yunfei Chang","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600372","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism was used and described to prepare liquid amine-terminated fluoroelastomers (LTAFs) by using liquid hydroxy-terminated fluoroelastomers (LTHFs) as raw materials, benzenesulfonyl chloride as an activator, and hexanediamine as an amine source. A reaction time of 24 h at 18°C and a molar ratio of groups –NH<sub>2</sub>/–OH = 6.00 is an optimal condition for obtaining LTAFs with a yield of amino groups of 51%. The resulting LTAFs has a higher viscosity and lower thermal stability than LTHFs, while the molecular weight and distribution, as well as the glass transition temperature, remain essentially similar. Aziridine cured LTAFs has the best comprehensive mechanical properties and excellent chemical solvent resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600426
S. V. Borisov, M. A. Vaniev, A. B. Kochnov, O. I. Tuzhikov, O. O. Tuzhikov, B. A. Buravov, D. A. Shapovalova, A. K. J. Al-Hamzawi, I. A. Novakov
Abstract
To reduce the flammability of polymers, functional flame retardants have become widespread, among which phosphorus-containing methacrylates occupy a special place. Despite the well-developed issues of their synthesis and use, the search for new monomers of this class remains a demanding task due to their efficiency, environmental friendliness, and a number of other reasons. This review systematizes the results of recent research concerning phosphorus-containing polymerizable monomers of the methacrylate series, the use of which makes it possible to reduce the flammability of the resulting materials and composites.
{"title":"Low Flammability Polymers Based on Phosphorus-Containing Methacrylates","authors":"S. V. Borisov, M. A. Vaniev, A. B. Kochnov, O. I. Tuzhikov, O. O. Tuzhikov, B. A. Buravov, D. A. Shapovalova, A. K. J. Al-Hamzawi, I. A. Novakov","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600426","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>To reduce the flammability of polymers, functional flame retardants have become widespread, among which phosphorus-containing methacrylates occupy a special place. Despite the well-developed issues of their synthesis and use, the search for new monomers of this class remains a demanding task due to their efficiency, environmental friendliness, and a number of other reasons. This review systematizes the results of recent research concerning phosphorus-containing polymerizable monomers of the methacrylate series, the use of which makes it possible to reduce the flammability of the resulting materials and composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600542
Tharushi N. Edirisuriya, Thennakoon M. Sampath Udeni Gunathilake, Yern Chee Ching, Hemanth Noothalapati
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic-responsive hydrogels, alongside other smart hydrogel materials, have emerged as a focal point of research owing to their exceptional responsive properties and their wide array of biomedical applications. This study introduces an innovative approach involving the use of a biocompatible, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel crosslinked with non-toxic fumaric acid and loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as a novel carrier for magnetic-responsive curcumin drug delivery. Structural characterization of the CMC hydrogel and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was conducted through rigorous analysis, utilizing techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Our results indicate an intriguing inverse relationship between Fe3O4 nanoparticle concentration and the swelling ratio of the hydrogel, revealing an interesting relationship between nanoparticle concentration and hydrogel properties. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that the 3.3% Fe3O4-loaded magnetic CMC hydrogel exhibited a notably higher curcumin release percentage in comparison to other magnetic CMC hydrogel formulations. This underscores the efficacy of our magnetic CMC hydrogel nanocomposite as a vehicle for curcumin drug delivery, especially when subjected to external magnetic field stimulation. Significantly, our data substantiates that the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles within the hydrogel network results in a sustained and prolonged release of curcumin when exposed to magnetic stimulation and underscores the potential of magnetic CMC hydrogel nanocomposites as a promising platform for controlled drug delivery.
{"title":"Curcumin Targeted Drug Delivery Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Incorporated Magnetic Responsive Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel","authors":"Tharushi N. Edirisuriya, Thennakoon M. Sampath Udeni Gunathilake, Yern Chee Ching, Hemanth Noothalapati","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600542","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In recent years, magnetic-responsive hydrogels, alongside other smart hydrogel materials, have emerged as a focal point of research owing to their exceptional responsive properties and their wide array of biomedical applications. This study introduces an innovative approach involving the use of a biocompatible, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel crosslinked with non-toxic fumaric acid and loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) as a novel carrier for magnetic-responsive curcumin drug delivery. Structural characterization of the CMC hydrogel and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles was conducted through rigorous analysis, utilizing techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Our results indicate an intriguing inverse relationship between Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticle concentration and the swelling ratio of the hydrogel, revealing an interesting relationship between nanoparticle concentration and hydrogel properties. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that the 3.3% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-loaded magnetic CMC hydrogel exhibited a notably higher curcumin release percentage in comparison to other magnetic CMC hydrogel formulations. This underscores the efficacy of our magnetic CMC hydrogel nanocomposite as a vehicle for curcumin drug delivery, especially when subjected to external magnetic field stimulation. Significantly, our data substantiates that the presence of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles within the hydrogel network results in a sustained and prolonged release of curcumin when exposed to magnetic stimulation and underscores the potential of magnetic CMC hydrogel nanocomposites as a promising platform for controlled drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600487
D. A. Nilidin, M. A. Vaniev, A. A. Vernigora, Dang Minh Thuy, S. G. Gubin, A. V. Davidenko, N. A. Salykin, I. A. Novakov
Abstract—
For the first time, it was proposed to use aniline derivatives with a skeleton monoterpene fragment at the nitrogen atom (N-(het)aryl-substituted camphan-2-amines and N-aryl-substituted fenchan-2-amines) as antioxidants for rubbers. Using nitrile butadiene rubber as an example, the kinetics of accumulation of carbonyl groups in macromolecules was studied using IR spectroscopy and the potential ability of these compounds to inhibit the process of thermal-oxidative aging was revealed. N-[(1RS,2RS)-Camphan-2-yl]-4-methoxyaniline and N-[(1RS,2RS)-camphan-2-yl]-4-ethoxyaniline, which differ in the presence of polar ethoxy and methoxy substituents at the p-position at aniline and characterized by the lowest bond energy >N–H. The results of a comprehensive assessment of the retention of elastic-strength properties, hardness, and degree of cross-linking of samples after thermal-oxidative aging in laboratory conditions, as well as long-term full-scale climatic tests in the tropical climate of southern Vietnam, allow us to conclude that after additional testing these compounds can be used as antioxidants in rubber formulations.
摘要-首次提出使用氮原子上具有单萜片段骨架的苯胺衍生物（N-(het)芳基取代的樟脑-2-胺和 N-芳基取代的芬坎-2-胺）作为橡胶的抗氧化剂。以丁腈橡胶为例，使用红外光谱研究了大分子中羰基积累的动力学，并揭示了这些化合物抑制热氧化老化过程的潜在能力。研究发现了 N-[(1RS,2RS)-樟烷-2-基]-4-甲氧基苯胺和 N-[(1RS,2RS)-樟烷-2-基]-4-乙氧基苯胺，这两种化合物的不同之处在于苯胺的 p 位上存在极性乙氧基和甲氧基取代基，并且具有最低键能 >N-H。我们在实验室条件下对热氧化老化后样品的弹性强度特性、硬度和交联度的保持情况进行了全面评估，并在越南南部热带气候条件下进行了长期的全面气候测试，评估结果使我们得出结论，经过更多测试后，这些化合物可用作橡胶配方中的抗氧化剂。
{"title":"Elastomers Based on Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Stabilized with N-Aryl-substituted Camphan-2 and Fenchan-2-amines","authors":"D. A. Nilidin, M. A. Vaniev, A. A. Vernigora, Dang Minh Thuy, S. G. Gubin, A. V. Davidenko, N. A. Salykin, I. A. Novakov","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600487","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>For the first time, it was proposed to use aniline derivatives with a skeleton monoterpene fragment at the nitrogen atom (<i>N</i>-(het)aryl-substituted camphan-2-amines and <i>N</i>-aryl-substituted fenchan-2-amines) as antioxidants for rubbers. Using nitrile butadiene rubber as an example, the kinetics of accumulation of carbonyl groups in macromolecules was studied using IR spectroscopy and the potential ability of these compounds to inhibit the process of thermal-oxidative aging was revealed. <i>N</i>-[(1RS,2RS)-Camphan-2-yl]-4-methoxyaniline and <i>N</i>-[(1RS,2RS)-camphan-2-yl]-4-ethoxyaniline, which differ in the presence of polar ethoxy and methoxy substituents at the <i>p</i>-position at aniline and characterized by the lowest bond energy >N–H. The results of a comprehensive assessment of the retention of elastic-strength properties, hardness, and degree of cross-linking of samples after thermal-oxidative aging in laboratory conditions, as well as long-term full-scale climatic tests in the tropical climate of southern Vietnam, allow us to conclude that after additional testing these compounds can be used as antioxidants in rubber formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600402
Xin Zhou, Juan Yu, Pei Huang, Xiaodong Wang
Abstract
Nitrogen-oxygen co-doped porous carbon microspheres were synthesized through hydrothermal and carbonization processes using polyimide (PI) as the carbon precursor and a nitrogen-oxygen source. ZIF-8 was also used as the template. When the carbonization temperature reached 800°C, the porous carbon microspheres displayed a unique 3D sea urchin-like morphology, a high specific surface area (782.3 m2/g), and good nitrogen and oxygen doping contents (6.62 and 11.92 at %, respectively). Electrochemical testing showed that when the scanning rate was 0.5 A/g, the material achieved a specific capacitance of 330.5 F/g, and the capacitance retention rate of the electrode material was 73.5% when the current density reached 10 A/g. Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with this electrode had an operating voltage window that extended to 1.8 V and provided an energy density of 20.5 W h/kg at a power density of 400 W/kg. This method of preparing high performance nitrogen-oxygen co-doped carbon electrode materials provides an idea for the application of insulating polymers in the field of energy storage.
{"title":"ZIF-8 Template-Assisted Synthesis of Polyimide-Derived Nitrogen-Oxygen Co-doped Porous Carbon Microspheres for Supercapacitors","authors":"Xin Zhou, Juan Yu, Pei Huang, Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600402","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Nitrogen-oxygen co-doped porous carbon microspheres were synthesized through hydrothermal and carbonization processes using polyimide (PI) as the carbon precursor and a nitrogen-oxygen source. ZIF-8 was also used as the template. When the carbonization temperature reached 800°C, the porous carbon microspheres displayed a unique 3D sea urchin-like morphology, a high specific surface area (782.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g), and good nitrogen and oxygen doping contents (6.62 and 11.92 at %, respectively). Electrochemical testing showed that when the scanning rate was 0.5 A/g, the material achieved a specific capacitance of 330.5 F/g, and the capacitance retention rate of the electrode material was 73.5% when the current density reached 10 A/g. Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with this electrode had an operating voltage window that extended to 1.8 V and provided an energy density of 20.5 W h/kg at a power density of 400 W/kg. This method of preparing high performance nitrogen-oxygen co-doped carbon electrode materials provides an idea for the application of insulating polymers in the field of energy storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600360
Flora Amerley Amarh, Ahmed Kangmennaa, Eric Selorm Agorku, Ray Bright Voegborlo
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology is a specialized technique used to create selective recognition sites within synthetic polymers. It has been employed in the removal of environmental contaminants like pesticides. In this research, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) centered on chlorpyrifos as the template molecule was successfully synthesized. Ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was the crosslinker, functional monomer used was methacrylic acid (MAA) and initiator was AIBN (2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile). The MMIP was successfully characterized using Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The MMIP recorded a high adsorption capacity and selectivity for chlorpyrifos. The MMIP was then used as a dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) adsorbent for isolating and extracting chlorpyrifos from water samples. A gas chromatograph coupled with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to quantify the extracts. When compared to C-18 solid phase extraction (SPE), the MMIP recorded spiked chlorpyrifos recoveries between 82 and 104% while that for C-18 SPE ranged between 64 and 81%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 4.91 and 1.62 mg/L respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Adsorption of Chlorpyrifos from Aqueous Media","authors":"Flora Amerley Amarh, Ahmed Kangmennaa, Eric Selorm Agorku, Ray Bright Voegborlo","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600360","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Molecular imprinting technology is a specialized technique used to create selective recognition sites within synthetic polymers. It has been employed in the removal of environmental contaminants like pesticides. In this research, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) centered on chlorpyrifos as the template molecule was successfully synthesized. Ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was the crosslinker, functional monomer used was methacrylic acid (MAA) and initiator was AIBN (2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile). The MMIP was successfully characterized using Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The MMIP recorded a high adsorption capacity and selectivity for chlorpyrifos. The MMIP was then used as a dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) adsorbent for isolating and extracting chlorpyrifos from water samples. A gas chromatograph coupled with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to quantify the extracts. When compared to C-18 solid phase extraction (SPE), the MMIP recorded spiked chlorpyrifos recoveries between 82 and 104% while that for C-18 SPE ranged between 64 and 81%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 4.91 and 1.62 mg/L respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600396
Ahmet Gürses, Elif Şahin
Abstract
Urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins are the most common thermosetting resins. The most obvious advantage of MUF resin over urea formaldehyde resin is that it has much higher resistance to water. MUF resins, synthesized by condensing precursors such as melamine, urea and formaldehyde, have good flame-retardant properties as they release nitrogen gas when burning. Improving the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of MF and MUF resins by adding various nanoparticles has become very interesting. One of the promising areas of use of MUF resin is their use as insulation foams. In particular, organo clay MUF nanocomposite foams have the potential to offer significant advantages such as improved mechanical and thermal properties as well as reduced water sensitivity. This study aims to prepare and characterize melamine urea formaldehyde organo-clay nanocomposite foams, as well as to examine their properties such as thermal insulation and compressive strength, by using the microwave irradiation technique together with thermal treatment, which can offer advantages such as high reaction rate, yield and purity, and short curing time. Characterization of virgin polymer and melamine formaldehyde organo clay nanocomposite foams prepared by in situ polymerization method, was made using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and HRTEM methods. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyzes showed that the organo-clay platelets exhibited an exfoliated distribution in the melamine-urea-formaldehyde polymer matrix, which did not change with increasing clay content. Although the highest compressive strength values were obtained in virgin MUF foam (0.44 MPa), the values, which partially decreased in nanocomposites, increased with increasing clay ratio and reached 0.38 MPa in the nanocomposite prepared with the highest clay ratio of 0.45 wt %. On the other hand, thermal conductivity coefficients decreased regularly with increasing clay content. Thus, it was concluded that the nanocomposite containing 0.45 organo clay by weight had optimal properties in terms of both strength and thermal insulation.
{"title":"Preparation of Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Organo Clay Nanocomposite Foams Using Thermal Processing and Microwave Irradiation Techniques and Investigation of Their Thermal Insulation and Compressive Strength","authors":"Ahmet Gürses, Elif Şahin","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600396","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins are the most common thermosetting resins. The most obvious advantage of MUF resin over urea formaldehyde resin is that it has much higher resistance to water. MUF resins, synthesized by condensing precursors such as melamine, urea and formaldehyde, have good flame-retardant properties as they release nitrogen gas when burning. Improving the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of MF and MUF resins by adding various nanoparticles has become very interesting. One of the promising areas of use of MUF resin is their use as insulation foams. In particular, organo clay MUF nanocomposite foams have the potential to offer significant advantages such as improved mechanical and thermal properties as well as reduced water sensitivity. This study aims to prepare and characterize melamine urea formaldehyde organo-clay nanocomposite foams, as well as to examine their properties such as thermal insulation and compressive strength, by using the microwave irradiation technique together with thermal treatment, which can offer advantages such as high reaction rate, yield and purity, and short curing time. Characterization of virgin polymer and melamine formaldehyde organo clay nanocomposite foams prepared by in situ polymerization method, was made using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and HRTEM methods. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyzes showed that the organo-clay platelets exhibited an exfoliated distribution in the melamine-urea-formaldehyde polymer matrix, which did not change with increasing clay content. Although the highest compressive strength values were obtained in virgin MUF foam (0.44 MPa), the values, which partially decreased in nanocomposites, increased with increasing clay ratio and reached 0.38 MPa in the nanocomposite prepared with the highest clay ratio of 0.45 wt %. On the other hand, thermal conductivity coefficients decreased regularly with increasing clay content. Thus, it was concluded that the nanocomposite containing 0.45 organo clay by weight had optimal properties in terms of both strength and thermal insulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600499
M. P. Kurlykin, M. A. Golovina, M. M. Dudkina, A. V. Ten’kovtsev
Abstract
A new approach to the synthesis of polyrotaxanes from the polyethylenimine‒block‒poly(ethylene glycol)‒block‒polyethylenimine copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin has been proposed. It has been shown that the acylation of free amino groups of polypseudorotaxane effectively blocks decomposition of the complex in solution. The structure of the synthesized copolymers has been studied in detail by 1Н and 13С NMR spectroscopy, IR analysis, and GPC. It is assumed that the observed abnormally high optical activity of the resulting rotaxanes is probably associated with the formation of chiral helical supramolecular structures.
{"title":"Novel Type Polyrotaxanes Based on the Copolymer of Polyethylenimine, Poly(ethylene glycol), and Alpha-Cyclodextrin","authors":"M. P. Kurlykin, M. A. Golovina, M. M. Dudkina, A. V. Ten’kovtsev","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600499","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A new approach to the synthesis of polyrotaxanes from the polyethylenimine‒<i>block</i>‒poly(ethylene glycol)‒<i>block</i>‒polyethylenimine copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin has been proposed. It has been shown that the acylation of free amino groups of polypseudorotaxane effectively blocks decomposition of the complex in solution. The structure of the synthesized copolymers has been studied in detail by <sup>1</sup>Н and <sup>13</sup>С NMR spectroscopy, IR analysis, and GPC. It is assumed that the observed abnormally high optical activity of the resulting rotaxanes is probably associated with the formation of chiral helical supramolecular structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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