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Integrated photonic 3D tensor processing engine. 集成光子三维张量处理引擎。

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02183-y

Yue Wu,Ziheng Ni,Xin Li,Yuanxun Wang,Liangjun Lu,Jianping Chen,Linjie Zhou

Optical computing leverages high bandwidth, low latency, and power efficiency, which is considered as one of the most effective solutions for accelerating deep learning tasks. However, mainstream photonic hardware accelerators are primarily optimized for two-dimensional (2D) matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs). To implement three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs), high-order tensors must be reshaped in the electrical domain according to the size of the accelerators before computation, leading to extra memory usage and time overheads. Additionally, synchronization across multiple channels depends on external electronic clocks, which increases the complexity of the system. In this work, we propose an integrated photonic 3D tensor processing engine (3D-TPE) based on the interleaving modulation of time, wavelength, and space. Data caching, channel synchronization and computation are realized entirely within the optical domain, reducing memory and time usage, and simplifying the system. Optical caching and synchronization are achieved with an optical tunable delay line (OTDL) chip supporting versatile clock frequencies up to 200 GHz, and optical computing is accomplished with a dual-coupled micro-ring resonators (MRRs) based crossbar chip with a 3-dB passband width of 50 GHz. We verify the processing capabilities of the 3D-TPE at clock frequencies ranging from 10 GHz to 30 GHz and perform a proof-of-concept experiment for a LiDAR 3D point cloud image recognition task operating at 20 GHz, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.06%. The proposed 3D-TPE is anticipated to facilitate high-order tensor convolutions, playing an important role in autonomous driving, healthcare, video analytics, virtual reality, etc.

光计算利用高带宽、低延迟和功耗效率，被认为是加速深度学习任务的最有效解决方案之一。然而，主流的光子硬件加速器主要针对二维（2D）矩阵向量乘法（MVMs）进行优化。为了实现三维卷积神经网络（cnn），在计算前必须根据加速器的大小在电域中重塑高阶张量，这会导致额外的内存使用和时间开销。此外，跨多个通道的同步依赖于外部电子时钟，这增加了系统的复杂性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于时间、波长和空间交错调制的集成光子三维张量处理引擎（3D- tpe）。数据缓存、通道同步和计算完全在光域中实现，减少了内存和时间的使用，简化了系统。光缓存和同步是通过支持200 GHz多时钟频率的光可调延迟线（OTDL）芯片实现的，光计算是通过基于双耦合微环谐振器（MRRs）的交叉条芯片实现的，3db通带宽度为50 GHz。我们验证了3D- tpe在10 GHz至30 GHz时钟频率范围内的处理能力，并对20 GHz频率下的LiDAR 3D点云图像识别任务进行了概念验证实验，识别精度达到97.06%。3D-TPE有望促进高阶张量卷积，在自动驾驶、医疗保健、视频分析、虚拟现实等领域发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Microfiber knot resonator with 107 Q-factor record. 具有107 q因子记录的微纤维结谐振器。

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02124-1

Xinxin Zhou,Zixuan Ding,Fei Xu

Despite the realization of ultra-high-quality-factor (UHQ) in various dielectric micro-resonators with extensive applications, UHQ microfiber resonators which are directly compatible with all-fiber framework have not yet been achieved, primarily because of the insufficient research on the mechanical properties of microfibers, and the challenges of coupling regulation. Here, we constructed an UHQ microfiber knot resonator (MKR) fabrication model, addressing the decades-long Q-factor bottleneck and achieving a record Q-factor of 3.9 × 107, which is an improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to conventional levels. By controlling environmental parameters for producing high-quality microfibers with uniform stress and low loss, along with experimental and theoretical investigation in coupling mechanism, optimized conditions are attained, offering experimental guidance for fabricating UHQ-MKR stably and reproducibly. After fabrication and characterization, the UHQ-MKR device is also applied into an all-fiber laser scheme to boost narrow-linewidth single-frequency laser operation, highlighting the potential of the resonator. The research opens an era of UHQ microfiber resonator exceeding 107 level, paving the path for more precision and efficient microfiber guiding-wave photonics.

尽管超高质量因子（UHQ）在各种介质微谐振器中得到了广泛的应用，但直接与全光纤框架兼容的UHQ微光纤谐振器尚未实现，主要原因是对超纤维力学性能的研究不足，以及耦合调节方面的挑战。在这里，我们构建了一个UHQ微光纤结谐振器（MKR）制造模型，解决了长达数十年的q因子瓶颈，并实现了创纪录的3.9 × 107的q因子，与传统水平相比，这是三个数量级的提高。通过控制生产高质量、应力均匀、损耗低的微纤维的环境参数，以及对耦合机理的实验和理论研究，获得了优化的工艺条件，为稳定、可重复性地制备UHQ-MKR提供了实验指导。经过制作和表征，UHQ-MKR器件还应用于全光纤激光方案，以提高窄线宽单频激光的运行，突出了谐振器的潜力。该研究开启了超高频超107级超光纤谐振器时代，为实现更精确、更高效的超光纤导波光子学铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative determination of in-plane optical anisotropy by surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy. 表面等离子体共振全息显微镜定量测定面内光学各向异性。

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02207-7

Jiwei Zhang,Wenrui Li,Jiahao Li,Yujie Zhang,Xiaoqing Chen,Xiangyuan Luo,Siqing Dai,Xuetao Gan,Jianlin Zhao

Quantitative determination of in-plane optical anisotropy is essential in finding or designing anisotropic low-dimensional materials and investigating their physical properties. Current determination methods are mostly qualitative or using empirical equations for quantitative calculation. A common weakness of these methods is utilizing light-matter interactions between far-field light and material samples which relies on long interaction distance. However, the thin thickness of low-dimensional material, especially atomic-layer sample, induces an exceeding short light-matter interaction distance and results in low signal-to-noise ratio as well as inaccurate measurement result. In this paper, we propose a novel determination method for in-plane optical anisotropy called azimuthal scanning excitation surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy. This method utilizes near-field light-matter interactions between material samples and surface plasmon waves oscillating along various in-plane directions. The sample complex refractive indices along all of the in-plane directions can be quantitatively retrieved and thus the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy, including birefringence and dichroism, is determined. This method detects the reflection phase shift in surface plasmon resonance regardless of the sample thickness and thus is applicable to ultrathin samples down to atomic-layer. As a demonstration example, monolayer, bilayer and multilayer ReS2 samples have been used to verify the validity of the proposed method, and we find that the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy increases with the decrease of sample thickness. This work provides a precise determination method for in-plane optical anisotropy of thin film samples with various thickness and gives a guidance in finding new anisotropic low-dimensional materials and engineering new polarized nanodevices.

平面内光学各向异性的定量测定对于寻找或设计各向异性低维材料以及研究其物理性质至关重要。目前的测定方法多为定性或利用经验方程进行定量计算。这些方法的一个共同弱点是利用远场光与材料样品之间的光-物质相互作用，这依赖于较长的相互作用距离。然而，由于低维材料，特别是原子层样品的厚度过薄，导致光-物质相互作用距离过短，信噪比低，测量结果不准确。本文提出了一种新的测定平面内光学各向异性的方法——方位角扫描激发表面等离子体共振全息显微术。该方法利用材料样品与沿不同面内方向振荡的表面等离子体波之间的近场光-物质相互作用。可以定量地检索样品沿所有平面内方向的复折射率，从而确定平面内光学各向异性的大小，包括双折射和二色性。该方法可以检测表面等离子体共振的反射相移，而不受样品厚度的影响，因此适用于低至原子层的超薄样品。通过单层、双层和多层ReS2样品验证了该方法的有效性，发现随着样品厚度的减小，面内光学各向异性的大小增大。本研究为不同厚度薄膜样品的面内光学各向异性的精确测定提供了一种方法，对寻找新的低维各向异性材料和工程新型极化纳米器件具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Ion-pair pinning on perovskite quantum dots for high-efficiency air-processed light-emitting diodes with Rec. 2020 compliance. 钙钛矿量子点上的离子对钉钉用于符合Rec. 2020标准的高效空气处理发光二极管。

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02247-z

Yuhang Cui,Danlei Zhu,Jiawei Chen,Shuyue Dong,Yuanzhuang Cheng,Xiangyu Liu,Xinghua Yan,Zicong Jin,Lian Duan,Jian Xu,Dongxin Ma

Perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) offer superior efficiency and high colour purity, making them promising candidates for next-generation lighting and display technologies. However, fabricating the emissive perovskite quantum dot (QD) layer typically requires a protective atmosphere due to its air sensitivity, thereby increasing production costs and limiting industrial scalability. Here, we propose an ion-pair pinning strategy by using tetraalkylammonium triflate (NR4OTf) to enable ambient-air processing of formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) QD films. The trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anions (OTf-) hydrogen bond with FA+, inhibiting its detachment and passivating the uncoordinated Pb2+, while the tetraalkylammonium cations (NR4+) serve as X-type ligands to inhibit deprotonation. This dual ion-pair pinning effect stabilises the QD lattice and provides surface resistance to moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the uniformity, stability, and optoelectronic performance of air-processed QD films. The as-constructed air-processed QLED achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.3% and a peak luminance of over 3 × 104 cd m-2 at 529 nm with Rec. 2020 compliance (EQE of 23.9% and luminance of over 8 × 104 cd m-2 for the N2-processed QLED). Our work eliminates the reliance on inert gas protection in perovskite QLED fabrication, laying a foundation for their low-cost, large-scale manufacturing and expansion into diversified applications.

钙钛矿量子点发光二极管（qled）具有卓越的效率和高颜色纯度，使其成为下一代照明和显示技术的有希望的候选者。然而，由于其对空气的敏感性，制造发射钙钛矿量子点（QD）层通常需要一个保护气氛，从而增加了生产成本并限制了工业可扩展性。在这里，我们提出了一种离子对钉钉策略，通过使用四烷基三酸铵（NR4OTf）来实现对甲醛溴化铅（FAPbBr3） QD薄膜的环境空气处理。三氟甲烷磺酸阴离子（OTf-）氢键与FA+结合，抑制FA+脱离，钝化未配位的Pb2+，而四烷基铵阳离子（NR4+）作为x型配体抑制去质子化。这种双离子对钉钉效应稳定了量子点晶格，并提供了表面抗湿气和氧气的能力，从而提高了空气处理量子点薄膜的均匀性、稳定性和光电性能。所构建的空气处理QLED实现了21.3%的高外量子效率（EQE），在529 nm处的峰值亮度超过3 × 104 cd - m-2，符合Rec. 2020标准（EQE为23.9%，亮度超过8 × 104 cd - m-2）。我们的工作消除了钙钛矿QLED制造中对惰性气体保护的依赖，为其低成本，大规模制造和扩展到多样化应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing positive and negative luminescence for thermoradiative signatureless communications 平衡热辐射无签名通信的正负发光

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02119-y

Michael P. Nielsen, Stefan A. Maier, Michael S. Fuhrer, Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes

Ambient-temperature thermal infrared radiation is an underutilised resource for secure communications. Demonstrations of free-space data transfer using thermal radiation have been few, and have relied on intrinsically slow modulation of either the emissivity and/or physical temperature of a broadband blackbody emitter, severely limiting data transfer rates ( < 1 kHz). Here, we demonstrate a covert communications method in which photon emission is rapidly electrically modulated both above and below the level of a passive blackbody at the emitter temperature. The time-averaged emission can be designed to be identical to the thermal background, realizing communications with zero optical signature for detectors with bandwidth lower than the modulation frequency. We demonstrate this scheme using both electro- and negative luminescence in thermoradiative diodes, enabling data rates up to at least 100 kbps and modulation rates above 1 MHz. Future prospects for ultra-high-bandwidth (up to THz) emitters and detectors utilising meta-optics and 2D materials are discussed.

环境温度热红外辐射是一种未充分利用的安全通信资源。利用热辐射进行自由空间数据传输的演示很少，并且依赖于宽带黑体发射器发射率和/或物理温度的固有缓慢调制，严重限制了数据传输速率（< 1 kHz）。在这里，我们展示了一种隐蔽的通信方法，其中在发射器温度下，光子发射在被动黑体的上方和下方都被快速电调制。时间平均发射可以设计成与热背景相同，实现带宽低于调制频率的探测器的零光特征通信。我们在热辐射二极管中使用电致发光和负致发光来演示该方案，使数据速率至少达到100 kbps，调制速率高于1 MHz。讨论了利用元光学和二维材料的超高带宽（高达太赫兹）发射器和探测器的未来前景。

引用次数: 0

Microcomb-enabled parallel self- calibration optical convolution streaming processor Microcomb-enabled并行自校准光学卷积流处理器

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02093-5

Jiajia Wang, Xingyuan Xu, Xiaotian Zhu, Yifu Xu, Shifan Chen, Haoran Zhang, Yixuan Zheng, Shuying Li, Yunping Bai, Zhihui Liu, Roberto Morandotti, Brent E. Little, Sai T. Chu, Arthur J. Lowery, David J. Moss, Kun Xu

The exponential growth of cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven an urgent need for high-bandwidth, energy-efficient hardware architectures in data centers. With Moore’s Law nearing its limits, optical neuromorphic computing hardware offers a promising alternative, providing ultra-high speeds and minimal energy consumption due to its analog architecture. Here, we propose the microcomb-enabled parallel optical convolution streaming processor (OCSP) with time, space, and wavelength three-dimensional multiplexing, operating at data rates of 50 GBaud or higher, achieving a convolution computing speed of up to 4 trillion operations per second (TOPS). Moreover, the OCSP uses a robust self-calibration mechanism to achieve accurate optical phase calibration and set-up of its convolution function. This innovative approach leverages time-space interleaving passive periodic interference architecture, incorporating wavelength-division-multiplexing technology, and is verified experimentally for parallel image feature extraction and recognition tasks. Our OCSP offers a practical pathway for seamlessly integrating photonic computing units into data center interconnects, unlocking photonic computing’s potential for scalable, low-latency AI workloads.

云计算和人工智能（AI）应用的指数级增长推动了数据中心对高带宽、节能硬件架构的迫切需求。随着摩尔定律接近极限，光学神经形态计算硬件提供了一个有前途的替代方案，由于其模拟架构，提供了超高速和最小的能耗。在这里，我们提出了microcomb-enabled并行光学卷积流处理器（OCSP），具有时间，空间和波长三维复用，以50 GBaud或更高的数据速率运行，实现高达4万亿次/秒的卷积计算速度（TOPS）。此外，OCSP采用鲁棒自校准机制，实现了精确的光学相位校准和卷积函数的设置。这种创新的方法利用了时空交错无源周期干扰架构，结合了波分复用技术，并通过实验验证了并行图像特征提取和识别任务。我们的OCSP提供了一种将光子计算单元无缝集成到数据中心互连的实用途径，释放了光子计算在可扩展、低延迟AI工作负载方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Single-view neural illumination estimation and editing for dynamic light field display 动态光场显示的单视图神经照度估计与编辑

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02234-4

Xuyang Hong, Jie Xie, Jie Sheng, Feng Xie, Jin Zhang, Kangwei Wang, Ming Cheng, Chun Chen, Jae-Hyeung Park, Cheng Wu

Light field rendering is widely applied to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) and extended reality (XR). For photorealistic light field displays, it requires a dense view sampling of the scene. However, in dynamic immersive interactions, the available observations are often too sparse to synthesize the complete light field required for a high-fidelity display. Therefore, it poses a huge challenge for generating photometrically consistent views between the virtual and real world. Here, we introduce a neural illumination estimation and editing framework for adaptive light field synthesis. The proposed method can explicitly encode intrinsic parameters of illumination from one single sampling view, which is used for a hybrid-guided generative network to synthesize photometrically plausible dense views of the scene under the guidance of a complete rendering model. It deconstructs the baked-in lighting to enable consistent and high-fidelity relighting from any viewpoint. Our method estimates and edits illumination with only 0.2397 W m−2 irradiance error and 7.02∘ angular deviation, yielding synthesized images with an average 17.0% improvement in PSNR and a 51.2% reduction in LPIPS. This work presents a practical pathway towards truly interactive and adaptive digital light fields, enabling photorealistic content generation for the next generation of near-eye displays and computational imaging systems.

光场渲染广泛应用于虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）、混合现实（MR）和扩展现实（XR）等领域。对于逼真的光场显示，需要对场景进行密集的视图采样。然而，在动态沉浸式交互中，可用的观测结果往往过于稀疏，无法合成高保真显示所需的完整光场。因此，在虚拟世界和现实世界之间生成光度一致的视图提出了巨大的挑战。本文介绍了一种用于自适应光场合成的神经照度估计和编辑框架。该方法可以从单个采样视图中显式编码照明的内在参数，并将其用于混合引导生成网络，在完整渲染模型的指导下合成具有光度可信度的密集场景视图。它解构了烘焙照明，使从任何角度一致和高保真重照明。我们的方法仅以0.2397 W m−2的辐照度误差和7.02°角偏差估算和编辑光照，生成的合成图像的PSNR平均提高17.0%，LPIPS平均降低51.2%。这项工作为实现真正的交互式和自适应数字光场提供了一条实用途径，为下一代近眼显示和计算成像系统提供了逼真的内容生成。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary glucuronolactone alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via the enterohepatic axis in laying hens. 饲粮葡萄糖醛酸内酯可减轻蛋鸡经肠肝轴的肝脏脂质积累。

IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01350-2

Yiru Shen, Jinglong Chen, Yunqi Xiao, Shourong Shi

Background: For laying hens in the late stage of peak production, dysregulated liver lipids are one of the leading causes of declining egg production. Glucuronolactone (D-Glu) is used as a functional beverage additive in human food products and has been reported to play a role in lipid metabolism. However, its use with laying hens is rarely reported. This study integrated in vitro avian hepatocyte culture (LMH) models and in vivo laying hen trials to investigate the regulatory effects of D-Glu on hepatic lipid deposition.

Results: D-Glu significantly reduced intracellular lipid deposition in hepatocytes both in vivo and in vitro models, while also improving the production performance of laying hens. Liver lipidomic profiling revealed that D-Glu supplementation increased hepatic phospholipid abundance and reduced triglyceride (TG) accumulation, particularly by decreasing TG species enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). This reduction in hepatic lipids is achieved by downregulating genes associated with fatty acid (FA) synthesis (FASN, ACSL, and PPAR-γ) and transport (FABP1 and CD36) pathways in the liver. Notably, D-Glu administration modulated the relative abundance of specific bacteria, particularly Bacteroides, CHKCI001, and Angelakisella, during hepatic lipid reduction mediation. Furthermore, D-Glu modified the composition of FA in the yolk, increasing the deposition of PUFA. Correlation analyses strongly supported the involvement of the enterohepatic axis in the lipid-lowering mechanism of D-Glu.

Conclusion: D-Glu mediates lipid redistribution via the enterohepatic axis, effectively reducing hepatic lipid deposition while promoting the deposition of PUFA in egg yolk, ultimately alleviating the decline in production performance during the late peak laying period.

背景：对于处于生产高峰期后期的蛋鸡来说，肝脏脂质失调是导致产蛋量下降的主要原因之一。葡萄糖醛酸内酯（D-Glu）在人类食品中被用作功能性饮料添加剂，据报道在脂质代谢中起作用。然而，它对蛋鸡的使用很少有报道。本研究采用体外鸡肝细胞培养（LMH）模型和体内试验相结合的方法，研究D-Glu对蛋鸡肝脏脂质沉积的调节作用。结果：在体内和体外模型中，D-Glu均能显著降低蛋鸡肝细胞内脂质沉积，同时提高蛋鸡生产性能。肝脏脂质组学分析显示，补充D-Glu增加了肝脏磷脂丰度，减少了甘油三酯（TG）的积累，特别是通过减少富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的TG种类。肝脏脂质的减少是通过下调与脂肪酸（FA）合成（FASN， ACSL和PPAR-γ）和肝脏转运（FABP1和CD36）途径相关的基因来实现的。值得注意的是，在肝脂质降低介导过程中，D-Glu给药调节了特定细菌的相对丰度，特别是拟杆菌、CHKCI001和Angelakisella。此外，D-Glu修饰了蛋黄中FA的组成，增加了PUFA的沉积。相关分析有力地支持肠肝轴参与D-Glu的降脂机制。结论：D-Glu通过肠肝轴介导脂质再分配，有效减少肝脏脂质沉积，同时促进蛋黄中PUFA的沉积，最终缓解产蛋高峰期后期生产性能的下降。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiome: impacts on pre-weaning calf health and productivity. 揭示肠道微生物组的动态变化：对断奶前小牛健康和生产力的影响。

IF 6.5 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-026-01354-6

Yang Song, Shubo Wen, Le Luo Guan

The early life gut microbial colonization in pre-weaning calves plays a pivotal role in shaping their health, growth, and productivity. This review delves into the dynamic changes of intestinal microbiota during early life, emphasizing key factors such as colostrum management, feeding strategies, roughage supplementation, and microbial interventions including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and non-nutritional stressors that can shape the early life microbial colonization. We highlight the microbiota's critical functions in nutrient metabolism, immune development, gut barrier integrity, and gut-brain axis regulation. Additionally, the consequences of microbial dysbiosis on calf health and its long-term effects on production performance in beef and dairy cattle are discussed. While current research has provided valuable insights, understanding causal mechanisms remains a challenge. This review aims to guide practical strategies for targeted microbial management, offering a pathway to optimize early-life interventions for improved calf health and productivity.

断奶前犊牛的早期肠道微生物定植对其健康、生长和生产力的塑造起着关键作用。这篇综述深入探讨了生命早期肠道微生物群的动态变化，强调了影响生命早期微生物定植的关键因素，如初乳管理、喂养策略、粗饲料补充、微生物干预（包括益生菌、益生元、粪便微生物群移植（FMT））和非营养应激源。我们强调了微生物群在营养代谢、免疫发育、肠道屏障完整性和肠脑轴调节方面的关键功能。此外，微生物失调对小牛健康的后果及其对肉牛和奶牛生产性能的长期影响也进行了讨论。虽然目前的研究提供了有价值的见解，但理解因果机制仍然是一个挑战。本综述旨在指导针对性微生物管理的实用策略，为优化早期生命干预措施提供途径，以改善小牛的健康和生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Metasurfaces enable sculpting light in three dimensions. 超表面可以在三维空间中雕刻光线。

Q1 OPTICS

Light-Science & Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02239-z

Joohoon Kim,Junsuk Rho

A recent study demonstrates a metasurface platform for 3D vectorial holography that enables independent control of light intensity and polarization along the propagation axis. By utilizing longitudinally engineered meta-atoms, this approach achieves multi-dimensional optical encryption platform.

最近的一项研究展示了一个用于三维矢量全息的超表面平台，该平台可以沿传播轴独立控制光强度和偏振。该方法利用纵向设计的元原子，实现了多维光学加密平台。

引用次数: 0

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