Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01302-w
Vahideh Shay Sadr, Jose A Quinteros, Sonia Yun Liu, Reza Barekatain
The primary role of the gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens is nutrient assimilation, with transporter proteins facilitating the uptake of amino acids, peptides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and minerals across the intestinal epithelium. Among these nutrient transporters, members of the solute carrier family are particularly important, and gene expression analyses targeting these transporters have provided informative insights into how birds adapt to diverse dietary, environmental, and physiological challenges to maintain nutrient homeostasis. These transporters are expressed either at the brush border membrane, where they facilitate the absorption of nutrients from the gut lumen into enterocytes, or at the basolateral membrane, where they mediate the transfer of nutrients from the enterocytes into the bloodstream. The expression of these transporters is influenced by a range of factors, including bird age, sex, intestinal segment, dietary substrate availability and source, as well as external stressors such as heat stress and pathogen exposure. While upregulation of transporter genes often suggests an enhanced capacity for nutrient uptake, it does not always correlate with improved growth performance, due to compensatory physiological responses and fluctuations in nutrient bioavailability. Understanding the regulation and functional dynamics of nutrient transporters presents valuable opportunities to develop targeted dietary and management strategies aimed at optimizing nutrient utilization and improving bird performance. This review summarizes current knowledge on the classification, function, and regulation of key nutrient transporters in broilers, highlights factors influencing their expression, and explores their implications for nutrition and production efficiency.
{"title":"Nutrient transporters in broiler chickens: intestinal gene expression profiles, functional roles, and influencing factors.","authors":"Vahideh Shay Sadr, Jose A Quinteros, Sonia Yun Liu, Reza Barekatain","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01302-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01302-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary role of the gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens is nutrient assimilation, with transporter proteins facilitating the uptake of amino acids, peptides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and minerals across the intestinal epithelium. Among these nutrient transporters, members of the solute carrier family are particularly important, and gene expression analyses targeting these transporters have provided informative insights into how birds adapt to diverse dietary, environmental, and physiological challenges to maintain nutrient homeostasis. These transporters are expressed either at the brush border membrane, where they facilitate the absorption of nutrients from the gut lumen into enterocytes, or at the basolateral membrane, where they mediate the transfer of nutrients from the enterocytes into the bloodstream. The expression of these transporters is influenced by a range of factors, including bird age, sex, intestinal segment, dietary substrate availability and source, as well as external stressors such as heat stress and pathogen exposure. While upregulation of transporter genes often suggests an enhanced capacity for nutrient uptake, it does not always correlate with improved growth performance, due to compensatory physiological responses and fluctuations in nutrient bioavailability. Understanding the regulation and functional dynamics of nutrient transporters presents valuable opportunities to develop targeted dietary and management strategies aimed at optimizing nutrient utilization and improving bird performance. This review summarizes current knowledge on the classification, function, and regulation of key nutrient transporters in broilers, highlights factors influencing their expression, and explores their implications for nutrition and production efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles enable upconversion stimulated emission depletion microscopy with high photostability and low-intensity near-infrared continuous-wave lasers. Controlling energy transfer dynamics in these nanoparticles is crucial for super-resolution microscopy with minimal laser intensities and high photon budgets. However, traditional methods neglect the spatial distribution of lanthanide ions and its effect on energy transfer dynamics. Here, we introduce topology-driven energy transfer networks in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles for upconversion stimulated emission depletion microscopy with reduced laser intensities, maintaining a high photon budget. Spatial separation of Yb3+ sensitizers and Tm3+ emitters in 50-nm core-shell nanoparticles enhance energy transfer dynamics for super-resolution microscopy. Topology-dependent energy migration produces strong 450-nm upconversion luminescence under low-power 980-nm excitation. Enhanced cross-relaxation improves optical switching efficiency, achieving a saturation intensity of 0.06 MW cm-2 under excitation at 980 nm and depletion at 808 nm. Super-resolution imaging with a 65-nm lateral resolution is achieved using intensities of 0.03 MW cm-2 for a Gaussian-shaped excitation laser at 980 nm and 1 MW cm-2 for a donut-shaped depletion laser at 808 nm, representing a 10-fold reduction in excitation intensity and a 3-fold reduction in depletion intensity compared to conventional methods. These findings demonstrate the potential of harnessing topology-dependent energy transfer dynamics in upconversion nanoparticles for advancing low-power super-resolution applications.
{"title":"Topology-driven energy transfer networks for upconversion stimulated emission depletion microscopy.","authors":"Weizhao Gu,Simone Lamon,Haoyi Yu,Qiming Zhang,Min Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02054-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02054-y","url":null,"abstract":"Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles enable upconversion stimulated emission depletion microscopy with high photostability and low-intensity near-infrared continuous-wave lasers. Controlling energy transfer dynamics in these nanoparticles is crucial for super-resolution microscopy with minimal laser intensities and high photon budgets. However, traditional methods neglect the spatial distribution of lanthanide ions and its effect on energy transfer dynamics. Here, we introduce topology-driven energy transfer networks in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles for upconversion stimulated emission depletion microscopy with reduced laser intensities, maintaining a high photon budget. Spatial separation of Yb3+ sensitizers and Tm3+ emitters in 50-nm core-shell nanoparticles enhance energy transfer dynamics for super-resolution microscopy. Topology-dependent energy migration produces strong 450-nm upconversion luminescence under low-power 980-nm excitation. Enhanced cross-relaxation improves optical switching efficiency, achieving a saturation intensity of 0.06 MW cm-2 under excitation at 980 nm and depletion at 808 nm. Super-resolution imaging with a 65-nm lateral resolution is achieved using intensities of 0.03 MW cm-2 for a Gaussian-shaped excitation laser at 980 nm and 1 MW cm-2 for a donut-shaped depletion laser at 808 nm, representing a 10-fold reduction in excitation intensity and a 3-fold reduction in depletion intensity compared to conventional methods. These findings demonstrate the potential of harnessing topology-dependent energy transfer dynamics in upconversion nanoparticles for advancing low-power super-resolution applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145663906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01300-y
Shuyong Xu, Guangyong Zhao, Mark D Hanigan, Gonzalo Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Mengmeng Li
Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of body mass and 50%-75% of whole-body protein, playing a central role in meat production and quality. Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production. Additionally, BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades, which significantly influence physiological processes, such as protein synthesis and degradation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cell apoptosis and autophagy. These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism, their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium, and applications in animal production. These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.
{"title":"Branched-chain amino acids in muscle growth: mechanisms, physiological functions, and applications.","authors":"Shuyong Xu, Guangyong Zhao, Mark D Hanigan, Gonzalo Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Mengmeng Li","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01300-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01300-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of body mass and 50%-75% of whole-body protein, playing a central role in meat production and quality. Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production. Additionally, BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades, which significantly influence physiological processes, such as protein synthesis and degradation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cell apoptosis and autophagy. These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism, their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium, and applications in animal production. These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01299-2
Chan Liang, Runqi Fu, Daiwen Chen, Gang Tian, Jun He, Ping Zheng, Jie Yu, Junning Pu, Bing Yu
Background: Low dietary energy levels can disrupt energy balance, causing metabolic disorders, particularly those involving in hepatic lipid metabolism. Betaine (BET), an important methyl donor, has demonstrated protective effects against liver diseases. However, its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in pigs fed a low-net energy (NE) diet and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thirty-two pigs (85.52 ± 2.27 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatments: N-NE group (normal NE diet, 2,475 kcal/kg NE), N-NEB group (normal NE diet + 1,500 mg/kg BET, 2,475 kcal/kg NE), R100-NE group (low-NE diet, 2,375 kcal/kg NE), and R100-NEB group (low-NE diet + 1,500 mg/kg BET, 2,375 kcal/kg NE). The experiment lasted 35 d.
Results: There was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups (P > 0.05). Reducing dietary NE levels caused liver dysfunction and increased total glyceride concentration, accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders. BET supplementation in a low-NE diet exhibited hepatoprotective roles, as evidenced by increased TP concentration and reduced ALT level in serum (P < 0.05), as well as decreased fat content, adipocyte size, and total glyceride concentration in the liver (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary BET alleviated low-NE diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating mRNA expressions of genes related to fatty acid transport (FABP3 and CD36) and lipogenesis (SREBP1c and FASN), while upregulating mRNA expressions involved in lipolysis (CPT1 and HSL) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary BET increased serum SAM concentration and the SAM/SAH ratio in pigs fed low-NE diets (P < 0.05), thereby providing sufficient methyl groups through regulating the activities of enzymes participated in BET metabolism. Mechanistically, BET increased m6A modification level and regulated mRNA and protein expressions of m6A modified proteins including METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, YTHDF1, and ALKBH5. Correlation analysis showed a significant association between m6A RNA methylation and hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting that m6A RNA methylation may play a critical role in mediating hepatic lipid metabolism.
Conclusions: Dietary BET supplementation in low-NE diets alleviated hepatic lipid metabolism disorders by regulating m6A RNA methylation, ultimately reducing hepatic lipid accumulation in finishing pigs.
{"title":"Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in finishing pigs fed a low-energy diet through regulating m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation.","authors":"Chan Liang, Runqi Fu, Daiwen Chen, Gang Tian, Jun He, Ping Zheng, Jie Yu, Junning Pu, Bing Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01299-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01299-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low dietary energy levels can disrupt energy balance, causing metabolic disorders, particularly those involving in hepatic lipid metabolism. Betaine (BET), an important methyl donor, has demonstrated protective effects against liver diseases. However, its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in pigs fed a low-net energy (NE) diet and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thirty-two pigs (85.52 ± 2.27 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatments: N-NE group (normal NE diet, 2,475 kcal/kg NE), N-NEB group (normal NE diet + 1,500 mg/kg BET, 2,475 kcal/kg NE), R100-NE group (low-NE diet, 2,375 kcal/kg NE), and R100-NEB group (low-NE diet + 1,500 mg/kg BET, 2,375 kcal/kg NE). The experiment lasted 35 d.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups (P > 0.05). Reducing dietary NE levels caused liver dysfunction and increased total glyceride concentration, accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders. BET supplementation in a low-NE diet exhibited hepatoprotective roles, as evidenced by increased TP concentration and reduced ALT level in serum (P < 0.05), as well as decreased fat content, adipocyte size, and total glyceride concentration in the liver (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary BET alleviated low-NE diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating mRNA expressions of genes related to fatty acid transport (FABP3 and CD36) and lipogenesis (SREBP1c and FASN), while upregulating mRNA expressions involved in lipolysis (CPT1 and HSL) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary BET increased serum SAM concentration and the SAM/SAH ratio in pigs fed low-NE diets (P < 0.05), thereby providing sufficient methyl groups through regulating the activities of enzymes participated in BET metabolism. Mechanistically, BET increased m<sup>6</sup>A modification level and regulated mRNA and protein expressions of m<sup>6</sup>A modified proteins including METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, YTHDF1, and ALKBH5. Correlation analysis showed a significant association between m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation and hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting that m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation may play a critical role in mediating hepatic lipid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary BET supplementation in low-NE diets alleviated hepatic lipid metabolism disorders by regulating m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation, ultimately reducing hepatic lipid accumulation in finishing pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12670804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.09.004
Ying Guo , Rong Zhang , Shaoce Zhang , Chunyi Zhi
Electrochemical CO2 reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO2 level. As an intriguing technique, metal-CO2 battery devices can not only capture CO2 into valuable carbonaceous chemicals and reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere but enable energy conversion. Among metal-CO2 batteries, aqueous Zn–CO2 batteries, especially rechargeable systems, exhibit flexible CO2 electrochemistry in terms of multi-carbon chemicals, which are gaseous or water-soluble, in favor of rechargeability and cycling durability of aqueous battery systems. Despite the increasing number of publications on Zn–CO2 batteries in the past three years, this field is still in its beginning stage and facing many challenges considering the capability of CO2 fixation and battery performance. Herein, we present a timely and overall summary of the recent progress in Zn–CO2 batteries, including fundamental mechanisms, affecting factors on electrochemical performance, catalyst cathodes, and electrolytes (catholytes and anolytes). Besides, we assess the application potential of Zn–CO2 batteries and compare this with those of alkali metal-CO2 batteries based on CO2 fixation and battery performance. Finally, we point out some current challenges for the further development of Zn–CO2 batteries and put forward perspectives of the research directions for practical applications of Zn–CO2 batteries in the future.
{"title":"Recent advances in Zn–CO2 batteries for the co-production of electricity and carbonaceous fuels","authors":"Ying Guo , Rong Zhang , Shaoce Zhang , Chunyi Zhi","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO<sub>2</sub> level. As an intriguing technique, metal-CO<sub>2</sub> battery devices can not only capture CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable carbonaceous chemicals and reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the atmosphere but enable energy conversion. Among metal-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries, aqueous Zn–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries, especially rechargeable systems, exhibit flexible CO<sub>2</sub> electrochemistry in terms of multi-carbon chemicals, which are gaseous or water-soluble, in favor of rechargeability and cycling durability of aqueous battery systems. Despite the increasing number of publications on Zn–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries in the past three years, this field is still in its beginning stage and facing many challenges considering the capability of CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and battery performance. Herein, we present a timely and overall summary of the recent progress in Zn–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries, including fundamental mechanisms, affecting factors on electrochemical performance, catalyst cathodes, and electrolytes (catholytes and anolytes). Besides, we assess the application potential of Zn–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries and compare this with those of alkali metal-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries based on CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and battery performance. Finally, we point out some current challenges for the further development of Zn–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries and put forward perspectives of the research directions for practical applications of Zn–CO<sub>2</sub> batteries in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 862-876"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48658753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.11.001
Zhiwei Zou , Huiying Zhang , Jingyu Lan , Jiahui Luo , Yichao Xie , Yafeng Li , Jian Lü , Rong Cao
Photocatalytic conversion of chemical fuels has emerged as a most challenging subject in photocatalysis which is considered as one of the sustainable solutions for environmental issues related to the energy shortage and anthropogenic carbon emissions. Herein, unique heterostructures of ZnCdS nanoplates with Bi2S3−terminated edges were prepared through a facile cation exchange pathway, by which the controlled photocatalytic CO2 conversion was achieved. The optimized BZCS–NS−5 photocatalyst exhibited an excellent capacity of CO2 photoreduction with a CO production rate of ca. 513.2 ± 5.1 μmol g−1 h−1 and a selectivity of ca. 91.0%, which were among the highest activities for sulfide photocatalysts documented in the literature. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was attributable to the formation of Z−scheme heterostrucutres between Bi2S3 and ZnCdS, in a way the separation and migration of photocarriers were accelerated. This work thus provides a feasible strategy for the construction of heterostructures to enhance the activity and selectivity of CO2−to−CO conversion via delicate design and controlled synthesis of photocatalysts.
化学燃料的光催化转化已成为光催化领域最具挑战性的课题，被认为是解决能源短缺和人为碳排放等环境问题的可持续解决方案之一。本文通过易阳离子交换途径制备了具有Bi2S3−端部的独特异质结构的ZnCdS纳米板，实现了可控的光催化CO2转化。优化后的BZCS-NS−5光催化剂具有良好的CO2光还原能力，CO产率约为513.2±5.1 μmol g−1 h−1，选择性约为91.0%，是目前文献中活性最高的硫化光催化剂之一。由于Bi2S3与ZnCdS之间形成了Z - scheme异质结构，加速了光载流子的分离和迁移，从而获得了优异的光催化性能。因此，这项工作为构建异质结构提供了一种可行的策略，通过精心设计和控制光催化剂的合成来提高CO2 - to - CO转化的活性和选择性。
{"title":"Unique heterostructures of ZnCdS nanoplates with Bi2S3−terminated edges for optimal CO2−to−CO photoconversion","authors":"Zhiwei Zou , Huiying Zhang , Jingyu Lan , Jiahui Luo , Yichao Xie , Yafeng Li , Jian Lü , Rong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic conversion of chemical fuels has emerged as a most challenging subject in photocatalysis which is considered as one of the sustainable solutions for environmental issues related to the energy shortage and anthropogenic carbon emissions. Herein, unique heterostructures of ZnCdS nanoplates with Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>−terminated edges were prepared through a facile cation exchange pathway, by which the controlled photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion was achieved. The optimized BZCS–NS−5 photocatalyst exhibited an excellent capacity of CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction with a CO production rate of ca. 513.2 ± 5.1 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and a selectivity of ca. 91.0%, which were among the highest activities for sulfide photocatalysts documented in the literature. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was attributable to the formation of Z−scheme heterostrucutres between Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and ZnCdS, in a way the separation and migration of photocarriers were accelerated. This work thus provides a feasible strategy for the construction of heterostructures to enhance the activity and selectivity of CO<sub>2</sub>−to−CO conversion via delicate design and controlled synthesis of photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 810-817"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45616082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.10.004
Xinyi Wang , Chao Han , Shixue Dou , Weijie Li
Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), which have significant advantages over other batteries, including low cost, high safety, high ionic conductivity, and a natural abundance of zinc, have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). ZIBs still face some critical challenges, however, especially for building a reversible zinc anode. To address the reversibility of zinc anode, great efforts have been made on intrinsic anode engineering and anode interface modification. Less attention has been devoted to the electrolyte additives, however, which could not only significantly improve the reversibility of zinc anode, but also determine the viability and overall performance of ZIBs. This review aims to provide an overview of the two main functions of electrolyte additives, followed by details on six reasons why additives might improve the performance of ZIBs from the perspectives of creating new layers and regulating current plating/stripping processes. Furthermore, the remaining difficulties and potential directions for additives in aqueous ZIBs are also highlighted.
{"title":"The protective effect and its mechanism for electrolyte additives on the anode interface in aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices","authors":"Xinyi Wang , Chao Han , Shixue Dou , Weijie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), which have significant advantages over other batteries, including low cost, high safety, high ionic conductivity, and a natural abundance of zinc, have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). ZIBs still face some critical challenges, however, especially for building a reversible zinc anode. To address the reversibility of zinc anode, great efforts have been made on intrinsic anode engineering and anode interface modification. Less attention has been devoted to the electrolyte additives, however, which could not only significantly improve the reversibility of zinc anode, but also determine the viability and overall performance of ZIBs. This review aims to provide an overview of the two main functions of electrolyte additives, followed by details on six reasons why additives might improve the performance of ZIBs from the perspectives of creating new layers and regulating current plating/stripping processes. Furthermore, the remaining difficulties and potential directions for additives in aqueous ZIBs are also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 847-861"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46474059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.09.003
Yamen Taji , Alexandra Zagalskaya , Iman Evazzade , Sebastian Watzele , Kunting Song , Song Xue , Christian Schott , Batyr Garlyyev , Vitaly Alexandrov , Elena Gubanova , Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
The effects of seemingly inert alkali metal (AM) cations on the electrocatalytic activity of electrode materials towards reactions essential for energy provision have become the emphasis of substantial research efforts in recent years. The hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions during alkaline water electrolysis and the oxygen electro-reduction taking place in fuel cells are of particular importance. There is no universal theory explaining all the details of the AM cation effect in electrocatalysis. For example, it remains unclear how “spectator” AM-cations can change the kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions often more significantly than the modifications of the electrode structure and composition. This situation originates partly from a lack of systematic experimental and theoretical studies of this phenomenon. The present work exploits impedance spectroscopy to investigate the influence of the AM cations on the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction at Pt microelectrodes. The activity follows the trend: Li+≥Na+>K+>Cs+, where the highest activity corresponds to 0.1 M LiOH electrolytes at low overpotentials. We demonstrate that the nature of the AM cations also changes the relative contribution of the Volmer–Heyrovsky and Volmer–Tafel mechanisms to the overall reaction, with the former being more important for LiOH electrolytes. Our density functional theory-based thermodynamics and molecular dynamics calculations support these findings.
{"title":"Alkali metal cations change the hydrogen evolution reaction mechanisms at Pt electrodes in alkaline media","authors":"Yamen Taji , Alexandra Zagalskaya , Iman Evazzade , Sebastian Watzele , Kunting Song , Song Xue , Christian Schott , Batyr Garlyyev , Vitaly Alexandrov , Elena Gubanova , Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of seemingly inert alkali metal (AM) cations on the electrocatalytic activity of electrode materials towards reactions essential for energy provision have become the emphasis of substantial research efforts in recent years. The hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions during alkaline water electrolysis and the oxygen electro-reduction taking place in fuel cells are of particular importance. There is no universal theory explaining all the details of the AM cation effect in electrocatalysis. For example, it remains unclear how “spectator” AM-cations can change the kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions often more significantly than the modifications of the electrode structure and composition. This situation originates partly from a lack of systematic experimental and theoretical studies of this phenomenon. The present work exploits impedance spectroscopy to investigate the influence of the AM cations on the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction at Pt microelectrodes. The activity follows the trend: Li<sup>+</sup>≥Na<sup>+</sup>>K<sup>+</sup>>Cs<sup>+</sup>, where the highest activity corresponds to 0.1 M LiOH electrolytes at low overpotentials. We demonstrate that the nature of the AM cations also changes the relative contribution of the Volmer–Heyrovsky and Volmer–Tafel mechanisms to the overall reaction, with the former being more important for LiOH electrolytes. Our density functional theory-based thermodynamics and molecular dynamics calculations support these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 729-734"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47831782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2025.02.005
Wending Yang , Yubo Zhang , Chengchao Xiao , Jingxuan Yang , Tailong Shi
Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations, with great potential to become the next-generation commercial solar cells. However, critical challenges remain in preserving high efficiency practical large-scale commercialized PSCs: a) the long-term stability of the cell materials and devices, b) lead leakage, and c) methods to scale the cells for larger area applications. This paper summarizes the prior-art strategies to address the above challenges, including the latest studies on the traditional glass-glass and thin-film encapsulation methods to better improve the reliability of PSCs, new technologies for preventing lead leakage, and geometric improvement strategies to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and performance of perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Through these strategies, the device achieved enhanced performance in long-term stability tests. The encapsulation resulted in a high lead leakage inhibition rate of up to 99 %, and the PSMs possessed a geometric fill factor of 99.6 % and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.7 %. The dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells and modules indicate the great potential for mass production and commercialization of perovskite solar applications in the near future.
{"title":"A review of encapsulation methods and geometric improvements of perovskite solar cells and modules for mass production and commercialization","authors":"Wending Yang , Yubo Zhang , Chengchao Xiao , Jingxuan Yang , Tailong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations, with great potential to become the next-generation commercial solar cells. However, critical challenges remain in preserving high efficiency practical large-scale commercialized PSCs: a) the long-term stability of the cell materials and devices, b) lead leakage, and c) methods to scale the cells for larger area applications. This paper summarizes the prior-art strategies to address the above challenges, including the latest studies on the traditional glass-glass and thin-film encapsulation methods to better improve the reliability of PSCs, new technologies for preventing lead leakage, and geometric improvement strategies to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and performance of perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Through these strategies, the device achieved enhanced performance in long-term stability tests. The encapsulation resulted in a high lead leakage inhibition rate of up to 99 %, and the PSMs possessed a geometric fill factor of 99.6 % and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.7 %. The dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells and modules indicate the great potential for mass production and commercialization of perovskite solar applications in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 790-809"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02008-4
Junling Hu,Sa Zhang,Meiyu Cai,Mingjian Ma,Shuguang Li,Hailiang Chen,Sigang Yang
Optical fiber interferometric sensors are of great importance in chemistry, biology, and medicine disciplines owing to high-sensitivity and high-quality factor. However, due to the limitation of free spectral range, the inherent trade-off between wide measurement range and high sensitivity poses a persistent challenge in interference sensor development, which has fundamentally hindered their widespread adoption in precision measurement applications. In this work, a long short-term memory neural network is utilized in a Mach-Zehnder interference-based refractive index sensor to break the free spectral range limitation. Unique gating mechanism in long short-term memory neural network enables it to efficiently process long-term dependent sequence information, such as interference spectrum, avoiding the need for complex spectral signal analysis. A one-to-one mapping relationship is established between the interference spectrum and refractive index with root mean square error of 3.029 × 10-4 and a coefficient of determination of 0.99971. The measurement range is extended from a single free spectral range of 1.3333-1.3561 to approximately three free spectral ranges of 1.3333-1.3921 without sacrificing sensitivity. Moreover, a wider measurement range can be achieved with sufficient training data. This work successfully resolves the inherent contradiction between high sensitivity and wide dynamic measurement range in optical interference-based sensors, opening up a path for the next generation of intelligent sensing systems.
{"title":"LSTM-assisted optical fiber interferometric sensing: breaking the limitation of free spectral range.","authors":"Junling Hu,Sa Zhang,Meiyu Cai,Mingjian Ma,Shuguang Li,Hailiang Chen,Sigang Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02008-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02008-4","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber interferometric sensors are of great importance in chemistry, biology, and medicine disciplines owing to high-sensitivity and high-quality factor. However, due to the limitation of free spectral range, the inherent trade-off between wide measurement range and high sensitivity poses a persistent challenge in interference sensor development, which has fundamentally hindered their widespread adoption in precision measurement applications. In this work, a long short-term memory neural network is utilized in a Mach-Zehnder interference-based refractive index sensor to break the free spectral range limitation. Unique gating mechanism in long short-term memory neural network enables it to efficiently process long-term dependent sequence information, such as interference spectrum, avoiding the need for complex spectral signal analysis. A one-to-one mapping relationship is established between the interference spectrum and refractive index with root mean square error of 3.029 × 10-4 and a coefficient of determination of 0.99971. The measurement range is extended from a single free spectral range of 1.3333-1.3561 to approximately three free spectral ranges of 1.3333-1.3921 without sacrificing sensitivity. Moreover, a wider measurement range can be achieved with sufficient training data. This work successfully resolves the inherent contradiction between high sensitivity and wide dynamic measurement range in optical interference-based sensors, opening up a path for the next generation of intelligent sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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