Foundation models require massive amounts of training data, which are often costly to obtain in materials science. Meanwhile, long-established physical knowledge such as molecular force fields and geometric analysis provides direct guidance for material behavior, but remains insufficiently leveraged. Here we demonstrate that expert knowledge can directly supervise pre-training and substantially reduce data requirements. A set of potential energy surface (PES) basis functions, which encode guest-host interaction energetics, is developed as unified descriptors for different guest molecules. A multi-modal architecture is designed to fuse information from both material structure and PES. Pre-training is achieved by learning comprehensive geometric features spanning different spatial scales. Consequently, a foundation model for porous materials is developed under limited data regimes, named SpbNet. SpbNet is evaluated on over 50 downstream tasks, including adsorption, separation, and intrinsic properties, etc. SpbNet consistently outperforms models pre-trained on datasets nearly 20 times larger, reducing the relative errors by over 20%. In addition, SpbNet demonstrates strong generalization capabilities across both in-distribution and out-of-distribution materials, such as Metal Organic Frameworks, Covalent Organic Frameworks, and zeolites.
{"title":"A data-efficient foundation model for porous materials based on expert-guided supervised learning","authors":"Jiawen Zou, Zirui Lv, Weimin Tan, Taoyang Wang, Runfeng Lin, Zhongyao Wang, Yi Yang, Qiaowei Li, Xiaomin Li, Bo Yan, Dongyuan Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69245-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69245-y","url":null,"abstract":"Foundation models require massive amounts of training data, which are often costly to obtain in materials science. Meanwhile, long-established physical knowledge such as molecular force fields and geometric analysis provides direct guidance for material behavior, but remains insufficiently leveraged. Here we demonstrate that expert knowledge can directly supervise pre-training and substantially reduce data requirements. A set of potential energy surface (PES) basis functions, which encode guest-host interaction energetics, is developed as unified descriptors for different guest molecules. A multi-modal architecture is designed to fuse information from both material structure and PES. Pre-training is achieved by learning comprehensive geometric features spanning different spatial scales. Consequently, a foundation model for porous materials is developed under limited data regimes, named SpbNet. SpbNet is evaluated on over 50 downstream tasks, including adsorption, separation, and intrinsic properties, etc. SpbNet consistently outperforms models pre-trained on datasets nearly 20 times larger, reducing the relative errors by over 20%. In addition, SpbNet demonstrates strong generalization capabilities across both in-distribution and out-of-distribution materials, such as Metal Organic Frameworks, Covalent Organic Frameworks, and zeolites.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-10077-z
Jessica A. Lueders-Dumont, Aaron O’Dea, Erin M. Dillon, Brigida de Gracia, Chien-Hsiang Lin, Sergey Oleynik, Seth Finnegan, Daniel M. Sigman, Xingchen Tony Wang
Caribbean reefs have experienced major human-driven changes to their coral and fish communities1,2,3,4, yet how these changes have affected trophic dynamics remains poorly understood owing to challenges in reconstructing the trophic structure of pre-human-impact reefs. Advances in fossil-bound protein nitrogen isotope (15N/14N) analysis now enable the reconstruction of ancient trophic dynamics5,6, as the 15N to 14N ratio reflects an animal’s trophic position7. Here we apply this method to modern and prehistoric (7,000-year-old) fish otoliths (ear stones) and corals from Caribbean Panama and the Dominican Republic, focusing on fishes occupying low to middle trophic levels. We find that although the trophic level typically declined in high-trophic-level fishes over time, it increased or remained unchanged in low-trophic-level fishes, indicating that modern food chains are 60–70% shorter than on the prehistoric reefs in both Panama and the Dominican Republic. Furthermore, across all trophic groups, we observed a marked reduction in dietary variation, with a 20–70% lower trophic range on the modern reefs compared to the prehistoric reefs. This pattern is best explained by less dietary specialization in modern reefs, consistent with less ecological complexity than in prehistoric reefs. These differences document and quantify the trophic simplification that has occurred on modern Caribbean reefs, a change that may increase their vulnerability to ecosystem collapse.
{"title":"Fossil isotope evidence for trophic simplification on modern Caribbean reefs","authors":"Jessica A. Lueders-Dumont, Aaron O’Dea, Erin M. Dillon, Brigida de Gracia, Chien-Hsiang Lin, Sergey Oleynik, Seth Finnegan, Daniel M. Sigman, Xingchen Tony Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10077-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10077-z","url":null,"abstract":"Caribbean reefs have experienced major human-driven changes to their coral and fish communities1,2,3,4, yet how these changes have affected trophic dynamics remains poorly understood owing to challenges in reconstructing the trophic structure of pre-human-impact reefs. Advances in fossil-bound protein nitrogen isotope (15N/14N) analysis now enable the reconstruction of ancient trophic dynamics5,6, as the 15N to 14N ratio reflects an animal’s trophic position7. Here we apply this method to modern and prehistoric (7,000-year-old) fish otoliths (ear stones) and corals from Caribbean Panama and the Dominican Republic, focusing on fishes occupying low to middle trophic levels. We find that although the trophic level typically declined in high-trophic-level fishes over time, it increased or remained unchanged in low-trophic-level fishes, indicating that modern food chains are 60–70% shorter than on the prehistoric reefs in both Panama and the Dominican Republic. Furthermore, across all trophic groups, we observed a marked reduction in dietary variation, with a 20–70% lower trophic range on the modern reefs compared to the prehistoric reefs. This pattern is best explained by less dietary specialization in modern reefs, consistent with less ecological complexity than in prehistoric reefs. These differences document and quantify the trophic simplification that has occurred on modern Caribbean reefs, a change that may increase their vulnerability to ecosystem collapse.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10111-8
Iñigo Olalde, Eveline Altena, Quentin Bourgeois, Harry Fokkens, Luc Amkreutz, Steffen Baetsen, Marie-France Deguilloux, Alessandro Fichera, Damien Flas, Francesca Gandini, Jan F. Kegler, Lisette M. Kootker, Judith van der Leije, Kirsten Leijnse, Constance van der Linde, Leendert Louwe Kooijmans, Roel Lauwerier, Rebecca Miller, Helle Molthof, Pierre Noiret, Daan C. M. Raemaekers, Maïté Rivollat, Liesbeth Smits, John R. Stewart, Theo ten Anscher, Michel Toussaint, Kim Callan, Olivia Cheronet, Trudi Frost, Lora Iliev, Matthew Mah, Adam Micco, Jonas Oppenheimer, Iris Patterson, Lijun Qiu, Gregory Soos, J. Noah Workman, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Iosif Lazaridis, Swapan Mallick, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Martin B. Richards, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Maria Pala, David Reich
Ancient DNA studies revealed that, in Europe from 6500 to 4000 BCE, descendants of western Anatolian farmers mixed with local hunter-gatherers resulting in 70–100% ancestry turnover1, then steppe ancestry spread with the Corded Ware complex 3000–2500 BCE2. Here we document an exception in the wetland, riverine and coastal areas of the Netherlands, Belgium and western Germany, using genome-wide data from 112 people 8500–1700 BCE. A distinctive population with high (approximately 50%) hunter-gatherer ancestry persisted 3,000 years later than in most European regions, reflecting incorporation of female individuals of Early European Farmer ancestry into local communities. In the western Netherlands, the arrival of the Corded Ware complex was also exceptional: lowland individuals from settlements adopting Corded Ware pottery had hardly any steppe ancestry, despite a Y-chromosome characteristic of people associated with the early Corded Ware complex. These distinctive patterns may reflect the specific ecology that they inhabited, which was not amenable to full adoption of the early Neolithic type of farming introduced with Linearbandkeramik3, and resulted in distinct communities where transfer of ideas was accompanied by little gene flow. This changed with the formation of Lower Rhine–Meuse Bell Beaker users by fusion of local people (13–18%) and Corded Ware associated migrants of both sexes. Their subsequent expansion then had a disruptive impact across a much wider part of northwestern Europe, especially in Great Britain where they were the main source of a 90–100% replacement of local Neolithic ancestry.
{"title":"Lasting Lower Rhine–Meuse forager ancestry shaped Bell Beaker expansion","authors":"Iñigo Olalde, Eveline Altena, Quentin Bourgeois, Harry Fokkens, Luc Amkreutz, Steffen Baetsen, Marie-France Deguilloux, Alessandro Fichera, Damien Flas, Francesca Gandini, Jan F. Kegler, Lisette M. Kootker, Judith van der Leije, Kirsten Leijnse, Constance van der Linde, Leendert Louwe Kooijmans, Roel Lauwerier, Rebecca Miller, Helle Molthof, Pierre Noiret, Daan C. M. Raemaekers, Maïté Rivollat, Liesbeth Smits, John R. Stewart, Theo ten Anscher, Michel Toussaint, Kim Callan, Olivia Cheronet, Trudi Frost, Lora Iliev, Matthew Mah, Adam Micco, Jonas Oppenheimer, Iris Patterson, Lijun Qiu, Gregory Soos, J. Noah Workman, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Iosif Lazaridis, Swapan Mallick, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Martin B. Richards, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Maria Pala, David Reich","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10111-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10111-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient DNA studies revealed that, in Europe from 6500 to 4000 BCE, descendants of western Anatolian farmers mixed with local hunter-gatherers resulting in 70–100% ancestry turnover1, then steppe ancestry spread with the Corded Ware complex 3000–2500 BCE2. Here we document an exception in the wetland, riverine and coastal areas of the Netherlands, Belgium and western Germany, using genome-wide data from 112 people 8500–1700 BCE. A distinctive population with high (approximately 50%) hunter-gatherer ancestry persisted 3,000 years later than in most European regions, reflecting incorporation of female individuals of Early European Farmer ancestry into local communities. In the western Netherlands, the arrival of the Corded Ware complex was also exceptional: lowland individuals from settlements adopting Corded Ware pottery had hardly any steppe ancestry, despite a Y-chromosome characteristic of people associated with the early Corded Ware complex. These distinctive patterns may reflect the specific ecology that they inhabited, which was not amenable to full adoption of the early Neolithic type of farming introduced with Linearbandkeramik3, and resulted in distinct communities where transfer of ideas was accompanied by little gene flow. This changed with the formation of Lower Rhine–Meuse Bell Beaker users by fusion of local people (13–18%) and Corded Ware associated migrants of both sexes. Their subsequent expansion then had a disruptive impact across a much wider part of northwestern Europe, especially in Great Britain where they were the main source of a 90–100% replacement of local Neolithic ancestry.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69453-6
Chang Xu, Seok-Jong Kim, Shishun Zhao, Chenhui Zhang, Dongsheng Yang, Jiayu Lei, Hanbum Park, Kyung-Jin Lee, Hyunsoo Yang
Antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnets exhibit both ferromagnetic resonance and exchange resonance modes. The antiferromagnetic exchange resonance mode, characterized by a higher magnon frequency than the ferromagnetic resonance mode, holds promise for fast spintronic applications. However, as higher magnon frequencies are typically associated with shorter magnon lifetimes, the exchange resonance mode is expected to decay more rapidly than the ferromagnetic resonance mode, leading to challenges for long-lived information transfer and coherent dynamics. Here we demonstrate that this inverse relationship between frequency and lifetime can be broken in ferrimagnets with two inequivalent magnetic sublattices. Using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect spectroscopy on CoGd, we observe that the exchange resonance mode exhibits a longer magnon lifetime than the ferromagnetic resonance mode near the angular momentum compensation point. Our theoretical and simulation models reveal that this inversion of magnon lifetime arises from the inequivalence in magnetic damping of the two sublattices. The unique combination of higher frequency and longer lifetime in the exchange resonance mode of ferrimagnets highlights its potential for high-speed and energy-efficient spintronic devices.
{"title":"Inversion of magnon lifetime of ferromagnetic and exchange resonance modes in ferrimagnets","authors":"Chang Xu, Seok-Jong Kim, Shishun Zhao, Chenhui Zhang, Dongsheng Yang, Jiayu Lei, Hanbum Park, Kyung-Jin Lee, Hyunsoo Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69453-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69453-6","url":null,"abstract":"Antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnets exhibit both ferromagnetic resonance and exchange resonance modes. The antiferromagnetic exchange resonance mode, characterized by a higher magnon frequency than the ferromagnetic resonance mode, holds promise for fast spintronic applications. However, as higher magnon frequencies are typically associated with shorter magnon lifetimes, the exchange resonance mode is expected to decay more rapidly than the ferromagnetic resonance mode, leading to challenges for long-lived information transfer and coherent dynamics. Here we demonstrate that this inverse relationship between frequency and lifetime can be broken in ferrimagnets with two inequivalent magnetic sublattices. Using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect spectroscopy on CoGd, we observe that the exchange resonance mode exhibits a longer magnon lifetime than the ferromagnetic resonance mode near the angular momentum compensation point. Our theoretical and simulation models reveal that this inversion of magnon lifetime arises from the inequivalence in magnetic damping of the two sublattices. The unique combination of higher frequency and longer lifetime in the exchange resonance mode of ferrimagnets highlights its potential for high-speed and energy-efficient spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69410-3
Hanne Griem-Krey, Júlia de Fraga Sant’Ana, Ursula Oggenfuss, Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves, Ana Luiza Marques, Markus Berger, Lucélia Santi, Walter O. Beys-da-Silva, Michael Habig
Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) is widespread in eukaryotes, driving genetic variation and often associated with bursts of TE activity. Here, we report a recent TE burst in the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The actively transposing TEs were likely introduced via hitchhiking on a so-called Starship, a class of large, horizontally transferable transposons. This TE burst likely triggered extensive structural reshuffling across all chromosomes, which was associated with loss of pathogenicity. Expanding our analysis to other fungi, we found that Starship-mediated horizontal transfer of TEs is a general phenomenon. Most (75%) of 522 reported Starships harbor TEs; many of which show evidence of a recent burst, in some cases likely starting from the TE copies on the Starship itself. A high fraction of TEs located on Starships also shows signatures of past horizontal transfer. Collectively, our results establish Starships as major vectors of horizontal TE transfer.
{"title":"Transposable elements hitchhike on Starships across fungal genomes","authors":"Hanne Griem-Krey, Júlia de Fraga Sant’Ana, Ursula Oggenfuss, Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves, Ana Luiza Marques, Markus Berger, Lucélia Santi, Walter O. Beys-da-Silva, Michael Habig","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69410-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69410-3","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) is widespread in eukaryotes, driving genetic variation and often associated with bursts of TE activity. Here, we report a recent TE burst in the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The actively transposing TEs were likely introduced via hitchhiking on a so-called Starship, a class of large, horizontally transferable transposons. This TE burst likely triggered extensive structural reshuffling across all chromosomes, which was associated with loss of pathogenicity. Expanding our analysis to other fungi, we found that Starship-mediated horizontal transfer of TEs is a general phenomenon. Most (75%) of 522 reported Starships harbor TEs; many of which show evidence of a recent burst, in some cases likely starting from the TE copies on the Starship itself. A high fraction of TEs located on Starships also shows signatures of past horizontal transfer. Collectively, our results establish Starships as major vectors of horizontal TE transfer.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"393 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10152-z
Yun Zheng, Hanyu Wang, Xinyu Jia, Jiahui Huang, Huihong Yuan, Chonghao Zhai, Junhao Dai, Jingbo Shi, Lei Zhang, Xuguang Zhang, Minxue Zhuang, Jinchang Liu, Jun Mao, Tianxiang Dai, Zhaorong Fu, Yuqing Jiao, Yaocheng Shi, Daoxin Dai, Xingjun Wang, Yan Li, Qihuang Gong, Zhiliang Yuan, Lin Chang, Jianwei Wang
Quantum key distribution (QKD) makes use of the principles of quantum mechanics to enable provably secure communication1,2. One substantial challenge persists in building large-scale QKD networks with many clients over long communication distances3. Although quantum relays continue to pose practical difficulties4, existing trusted-node networks5,6,7,8,9, point-to-multipoint networks10,11 and wavelength-multiplexed entanglement networks12,13 encounter issues such as reliance on trusted intermediaries or limited distances. Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) provides a compelling architecture that can overcome those issues while enhancing communication distance14. Although long-distance point-to-point TF-QKD has been achieved15,16,17,18,19,20,21, realizing large-scale networks requires scalable quantum devices. Here we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of an integrated-photonics TF-QKD network with exceptional scalability and reliability. This network includes 20 independent client-side QKD transmitter chips with one server-side optical microcomb chip. The microcomb generates a broad range of ultralow-noise coherent frequency combs with Hz-level linewidths, which serve as seeds and references for all client chips. Each client chip regenerates ultralow-noise light phase-locked to microcombs and prepares quantum keys. We sequentially implement pairwise QKD across 20 client chips through ten wavelength-multiplexed channels, with each surpassing the repeaterless bound at 370 km in spooled fibre, achieving a networking capability (client pairs × communication distance) of 3,700 km. We further demonstrate the wafer-scale reproducibility of both server-side microcomb chips and client-side QKD transmitter chips, together establishing system-level scalability. Combining mass-manufacturability, cost-effectiveness and high scalability of integrated photonics with long-distance quantum communication represents a viable path to large-scale quantum networks.
{"title":"Large-scale quantum communication networks with integrated photonics","authors":"Yun Zheng, Hanyu Wang, Xinyu Jia, Jiahui Huang, Huihong Yuan, Chonghao Zhai, Junhao Dai, Jingbo Shi, Lei Zhang, Xuguang Zhang, Minxue Zhuang, Jinchang Liu, Jun Mao, Tianxiang Dai, Zhaorong Fu, Yuqing Jiao, Yaocheng Shi, Daoxin Dai, Xingjun Wang, Yan Li, Qihuang Gong, Zhiliang Yuan, Lin Chang, Jianwei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10152-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10152-z","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum key distribution (QKD) makes use of the principles of quantum mechanics to enable provably secure communication1,2. One substantial challenge persists in building large-scale QKD networks with many clients over long communication distances3. Although quantum relays continue to pose practical difficulties4, existing trusted-node networks5,6,7,8,9, point-to-multipoint networks10,11 and wavelength-multiplexed entanglement networks12,13 encounter issues such as reliance on trusted intermediaries or limited distances. Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) provides a compelling architecture that can overcome those issues while enhancing communication distance14. Although long-distance point-to-point TF-QKD has been achieved15,16,17,18,19,20,21, realizing large-scale networks requires scalable quantum devices. Here we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of an integrated-photonics TF-QKD network with exceptional scalability and reliability. This network includes 20 independent client-side QKD transmitter chips with one server-side optical microcomb chip. The microcomb generates a broad range of ultralow-noise coherent frequency combs with Hz-level linewidths, which serve as seeds and references for all client chips. Each client chip regenerates ultralow-noise light phase-locked to microcombs and prepares quantum keys. We sequentially implement pairwise QKD across 20 client chips through ten wavelength-multiplexed channels, with each surpassing the repeaterless bound at 370 km in spooled fibre, achieving a networking capability (client pairs × communication distance) of 3,700 km. We further demonstrate the wafer-scale reproducibility of both server-side microcomb chips and client-side QKD transmitter chips, together establishing system-level scalability. Combining mass-manufacturability, cost-effectiveness and high scalability of integrated photonics with long-distance quantum communication represents a viable path to large-scale quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09941-9
Xin Zhang (张新), Liu Leo Liu (刘柳)
Aluminium comprises over 8% of Earth’s crust and is the most abundant metallic constituent1. Historically, aluminium catalysis has predominantly exploited the inherent Lewis acidity associated with its stable +III oxidation state2. Owing to its uniquely low electronegativity (1.61)—the lowest among p-block elements—and the absence of an inert-pair effect, aluminium presents formidable intrinsic challenges for engaging in catalytic redox transformations. Here we report the redox catalytic capability of a low-valent aluminium species, carbazolylaluminylene3, which carries out a complete Al(I)/Al(III) catalytic cycle encompassing oxidative addition, double insertion, intramolecular isomerization and reductive elimination—fundamental mechanistic steps conventionally exclusive to transition-metal catalysis. Leveraging this Al(I)/Al(III) redox cycle, we achieve highly efficient and regioselective Reppe cyclotrimerization of alkynes4,5, producing diverse benzene derivatives with a turnover number of up to 2,290. Through X-ray crystallographic and quantum chemical analyses, we elucidate how the dynamic nitrogen geometry within the carbazolyl ligand framework precisely modulates the aluminium coordination environment, thereby facilitating the catalytic cycle. This work fundamentally advances the conceptual understanding of main-group redox catalysis. It further sets a compelling precedent for future catalyst design and sustainable synthetic methodologies centred on aluminium redox transformations.
{"title":"Aluminium redox catalysis enables cyclotrimerization of alkynes","authors":"Xin Zhang \u0000 (张新), Liu Leo Liu \u0000 (刘柳)","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09941-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09941-9","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium comprises over 8% of Earth’s crust and is the most abundant metallic constituent1. Historically, aluminium catalysis has predominantly exploited the inherent Lewis acidity associated with its stable +III oxidation state2. Owing to its uniquely low electronegativity (1.61)—the lowest among p-block elements—and the absence of an inert-pair effect, aluminium presents formidable intrinsic challenges for engaging in catalytic redox transformations. Here we report the redox catalytic capability of a low-valent aluminium species, carbazolylaluminylene3, which carries out a complete Al(I)/Al(III) catalytic cycle encompassing oxidative addition, double insertion, intramolecular isomerization and reductive elimination—fundamental mechanistic steps conventionally exclusive to transition-metal catalysis. Leveraging this Al(I)/Al(III) redox cycle, we achieve highly efficient and regioselective Reppe cyclotrimerization of alkynes4,5, producing diverse benzene derivatives with a turnover number of up to 2,290. Through X-ray crystallographic and quantum chemical analyses, we elucidate how the dynamic nitrogen geometry within the carbazolyl ligand framework precisely modulates the aluminium coordination environment, thereby facilitating the catalytic cycle. This work fundamentally advances the conceptual understanding of main-group redox catalysis. It further sets a compelling precedent for future catalyst design and sustainable synthetic methodologies centred on aluminium redox transformations.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69011-0
Alice K. DuVivier, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Laura L. Landrum, Zephyr Sylvester, Bilgecan Şen, Sara Labrousse, Christian Che-Castaldo, Alice Eparvier, Marika M. Holland, Michelle A. LaRue, Cara Nissen, Michael N. Levy, Stephanie Jenouvrier, Cassandra Brooks
The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is one of the fastest changing regions on the planet and an emerging resource frontier for fisheries. Here, we present the Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index created by merging ecosystem information across food web trophic levels, from phytoplankton to fish and penguins, to quantify the ecological value of marine areas around the Antarctic continent. We find that coastal polynyas - areas of reduced sea-ice - have Index values 31–72% higher than surrounding areas, suggesting that these areas are biologically valuable hot spots for a number of ice-dependent Antarctic Species. Using output from an Earth system model to generate future projections of the Index, we find that high-value locations, often within polynyas, are likely to continue to be valuable throughout the 21st century despite environmental changes. The Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index indicates that penguins lose importance as their habitat becomes increasingly unsuitable, so protecting high-value habitat areas may be critical for these species. This study also shows that while many high-value Index areas are within existing or proposed Marine Protected Areas, there are several opportunities for adopting additional protection, particularly in East Antarctica and the Amundsen Sea.
{"title":"An Antarctic ecosystem value index to quantify ecological value across trophic levels and over time","authors":"Alice K. DuVivier, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Laura L. Landrum, Zephyr Sylvester, Bilgecan Şen, Sara Labrousse, Christian Che-Castaldo, Alice Eparvier, Marika M. Holland, Michelle A. LaRue, Cara Nissen, Michael N. Levy, Stephanie Jenouvrier, Cassandra Brooks","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69011-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69011-0","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is one of the fastest changing regions on the planet and an emerging resource frontier for fisheries. Here, we present the Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index created by merging ecosystem information across food web trophic levels, from phytoplankton to fish and penguins, to quantify the ecological value of marine areas around the Antarctic continent. We find that coastal polynyas - areas of reduced sea-ice - have Index values 31–72% higher than surrounding areas, suggesting that these areas are biologically valuable hot spots for a number of ice-dependent Antarctic Species. Using output from an Earth system model to generate future projections of the Index, we find that high-value locations, often within polynyas, are likely to continue to be valuable throughout the 21st century despite environmental changes. The Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index indicates that penguins lose importance as their habitat becomes increasingly unsuitable, so protecting high-value habitat areas may be critical for these species. This study also shows that while many high-value Index areas are within existing or proposed Marine Protected Areas, there are several opportunities for adopting additional protection, particularly in East Antarctica and the Amundsen Sea.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69363-7
Alexander Stein, Kate Bostock, Ramanarayanan Kizhuttil, Maciej Bak, Robert Noble
Evolution during range expansions shapes biological systems from microbial communities and tumours to invasive species. A fundamental question is whether, when a beneficial mutation arises during a range expansion, it will evade clonal interference and sweep to fixation. However, most theoretical investigations of range expansions have considered regimes in which selective sweeps are effectively impossible, while studies of selective sweeps have assumed constant population size or ignored spatial structure. Here we use mathematical modelling and analysis to investigate selective sweep probabilities and timings in biologically relevant scenarios, including the case in which mutants can displace a slowly spreading wildtype. Assuming constant expansion speed, we find surprisingly simple approximate and exact expressions for sweep probabilities in one, two and three dimensions, which are independent of mutation rate. Agent-based simulations confirm that our predictions are accurate for the spatial Moran process and remain informative when mutation effects on fitness are random and multiplicative. We further compare and synthesise our results with those obtained for alternative growth laws. Parameterised for human tumours, our model predicts that selective sweeps are rare except during early solid tumour growth, thus providing a general, pan-cancer explanation for findings from recent sequencing studies.
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