Panic‐buying incidents triggered by public emergencies are often accompanied by panic emotions, which are prone to spread in both time and space, causing serious negative impacts on social stability and economic development. Therefore, we took stimuli–organism–response (SOR) as our framework to comprehensively consider the effects of internal and external factors and to clarify the chain evolution process of stimulus panic‐buying behavior. Second, based on an improved infectious disease model using the Markov chain and combined with cellular automata methods, we studied the spatiotemporal evolution of group panic‐buying behavior. Specifically, we focused on the evolutionary process of panic‐buying across temporal sequences and within macroscopic geographical spaces such as urban communities. Our simulations yielded compelling insights: (1) the intensity of panic‐buying information has a significant stimulating effect on panic‐buying behavior. Interestingly, previous encounters with such buying experiences can act as a soothing balm, alleviating panic emotions. (2) The groups that participate in and stop buying both exhibit a clustered distribution in space, forming several clustered buying areas in space. Individuals at the center of the buying area often participate in the buying first, while those at the edge are more likely to stop buying. (3) Partition control implemented in the buying area can help mitigate the cascading effects of fear‐driven purchasing behavior and increase its rate of decline. In addition, we also verified the effectiveness of the model using a case study in China, and discuss the model's theoretical and practical significance, limitations, and future research directions.
{"title":"Modeling the Spatiotemporal Evolution Process of Panic‐Buying Behavior During COVID‐19: A Case Study in China","authors":"Peihua Fu, Manying Li, Tinggui Chen, Jianjun Yang, Guodong Cong","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70211","url":null,"abstract":"Panic‐buying incidents triggered by public emergencies are often accompanied by panic emotions, which are prone to spread in both time and space, causing serious negative impacts on social stability and economic development. Therefore, we took stimuli–organism–response (SOR) as our framework to comprehensively consider the effects of internal and external factors and to clarify the chain evolution process of stimulus panic‐buying behavior. Second, based on an improved infectious disease model using the Markov chain and combined with cellular automata methods, we studied the spatiotemporal evolution of group panic‐buying behavior. Specifically, we focused on the evolutionary process of panic‐buying across temporal sequences and within macroscopic geographical spaces such as urban communities. Our simulations yielded compelling insights: (1) the intensity of panic‐buying information has a significant stimulating effect on panic‐buying behavior. Interestingly, previous encounters with such buying experiences can act as a soothing balm, alleviating panic emotions. (2) The groups that participate in and stop buying both exhibit a clustered distribution in space, forming several clustered buying areas in space. Individuals at the center of the buying area often participate in the buying first, while those at the edge are more likely to stop buying. (3) Partition control implemented in the buying area can help mitigate the cascading effects of fear‐driven purchasing behavior and increase its rate of decline. In addition, we also verified the effectiveness of the model using a case study in China, and discuss the model's theoretical and practical significance, limitations, and future research directions.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juanita Lara-Gutiérrez, Jen Nguyen, Matthew R. McIlvin, Ichiko Sugiyama, Zachary C. Landry, Uria Alcolombri, Sammy Pontrelli, Joaquín Jiménez-Martínez, Uwe Sauer, Terence Hwa, Johannes M. Keegstra, Mak A. Saito, Roman Stocker
In natural environments, bacteria often encounter low concentrations of nutrient mixtures that are continuously replenished by physical processes such as fluid flow. Studying bacterial physiology under such conditions is experimentally challenging because it is difficult to maintain steady, low nutrient concentrations with rapid renewal. Most studies on nutrient limitation have used approaches such as the chemostat, which rely on long renewal times to sustain low concentrations. We developed a Millifluidic Continuous Culture Device (MCCD), inspired by microfluidics, that enables bacterial cultivation in nutrient mixtures at low micromolar concentrations with rapid renewal driven by fluid flow. Unlike microfluidic systems, the MCCD retains sufficient culture volume to support batch-scale ‘omic analyses. Using the MCCD, we cultured Escherichia coli in a mixture of amino acids and nucleobases at three concentration ranges spanning a fivefold difference in growth rates. Surprisingly, at the lowest concentration range, cells exhibited proteomic signatures of iron limitation despite equal total ferrous iron across conditions. Uptake experiments with labeled iron–histidine and iron–cysteine complexes confirmed that amino acids facilitated ferrous iron acquisition. Under continuous flow, siderophores were washed out, rendering this pathway ineffective and revealing a previously unrecognized mechanism of iron acquisition via soluble ferrous iron–amino acid complexes. These findings highlight the importance of studying bacterial physiology at low nutrient concentrations and also suggest a broader role for other organic substrates capable of complexing iron as potential iron sources in environments with rapid renewal.
{"title":"Bacterial iron acquisition by Escherichia coli is facilitated by amino acid complexation in a rapid-renewal environment","authors":"Juanita Lara-Gutiérrez, Jen Nguyen, Matthew R. McIlvin, Ichiko Sugiyama, Zachary C. Landry, Uria Alcolombri, Sammy Pontrelli, Joaquín Jiménez-Martínez, Uwe Sauer, Terence Hwa, Johannes M. Keegstra, Mak A. Saito, Roman Stocker","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2520431123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2520431123","url":null,"abstract":"In natural environments, bacteria often encounter low concentrations of nutrient mixtures that are continuously replenished by physical processes such as fluid flow. Studying bacterial physiology under such conditions is experimentally challenging because it is difficult to maintain steady, low nutrient concentrations with rapid renewal. Most studies on nutrient limitation have used approaches such as the chemostat, which rely on long renewal times to sustain low concentrations. We developed a Millifluidic Continuous Culture Device (MCCD), inspired by microfluidics, that enables bacterial cultivation in nutrient mixtures at low micromolar concentrations with rapid renewal driven by fluid flow. Unlike microfluidic systems, the MCCD retains sufficient culture volume to support batch-scale ‘omic analyses. Using the MCCD, we cultured <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli</jats:italic> in a mixture of amino acids and nucleobases at three concentration ranges spanning a fivefold difference in growth rates. Surprisingly, at the lowest concentration range, cells exhibited proteomic signatures of iron limitation despite equal total ferrous iron across conditions. Uptake experiments with labeled iron–histidine and iron–cysteine complexes confirmed that amino acids facilitated ferrous iron acquisition. Under continuous flow, siderophores were washed out, rendering this pathway ineffective and revealing a previously unrecognized mechanism of iron acquisition via soluble ferrous iron–amino acid complexes. These findings highlight the importance of studying bacterial physiology at low nutrient concentrations and also suggest a broader role for other organic substrates capable of complexing iron as potential iron sources in environments with rapid renewal.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endocytosis enables neurons to internalize molecules, maintaining homeostasis and responsiveness. The neuronal membrane–associated periodic skeleton (MPS), an actin spectrin–based cytoskeletal lattice, is known to restrict clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in axons, but its broader role in other neuronal compartments and endocytic pathways remains unclear. Here, we show that all four major endocytic pathways—CME, caveolin-, flotillin-, and fast endophilin–mediated endocytosis—are spatially gated by the MPS and occur exclusively within MPS-free “clearing” zones throughout all neuronal compartments. Disrupting the MPS broadly enhances both basal and ligand-induced endocytosis. We also identify a previously unknown feedback loop in which ligand-triggered endocytosis activates extracellular signal–regulated kinase signaling, promoting protease-mediated spectrin cleavage and MPS disruption, which in turn facilitates further endocytosis. Furthermore, the MPS limits amyloid precursor protein endocytosis, thereby suppressing Aβ42 production and linking MPS integrity to neurodegeneration. Our findings establish the MPS as a dynamic, signal-responsive modulator coupling membrane trafficking with cortical cytoskeletal organization and neuronal health.
{"title":"Membrane-associated periodic skeleton regulates major forms of endocytosis in neurons through a signaling-driven positive feedback loop","authors":"Jinyu Fei, Yuanmin Zheng, Caden LaLonde, Yuan Tao, Ruobo Zhou","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb0803","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb0803","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Endocytosis enables neurons to internalize molecules, maintaining homeostasis and responsiveness. The neuronal membrane–associated periodic skeleton (MPS), an actin spectrin–based cytoskeletal lattice, is known to restrict clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in axons, but its broader role in other neuronal compartments and endocytic pathways remains unclear. Here, we show that all four major endocytic pathways—CME, caveolin-, flotillin-, and fast endophilin–mediated endocytosis—are spatially gated by the MPS and occur exclusively within MPS-free “clearing” zones throughout all neuronal compartments. Disrupting the MPS broadly enhances both basal and ligand-induced endocytosis. We also identify a previously unknown feedback loop in which ligand-triggered endocytosis activates extracellular signal–regulated kinase signaling, promoting protease-mediated spectrin cleavage and MPS disruption, which in turn facilitates further endocytosis. Furthermore, the MPS limits amyloid precursor protein endocytosis, thereby suppressing Aβ42 production and linking MPS integrity to neurodegeneration. Our findings establish the MPS as a dynamic, signal-responsive modulator coupling membrane trafficking with cortical cytoskeletal organization and neuronal health.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pol Capdevila, Duncan O’Brien, Valentina Marconi, Thomas F. Johnson, Robin Freeman, Louise McRae, Christopher F. Clements
Conservation policies aiming to halt biodiversity loss often focus on globally prevalent threats like habitat loss and exploitation, yet direct and interactive effects of multiple threats remain poorly quantified. Here, we go beyond prior meta-analyses or species-level studies by providing a global, population-level empirical analysis of threat interactions by examining 3129 vertebrate population time series worldwide with documented exposure to single and multiple threats. Populations affected solely by habitat loss or exploitation do not exhibit the steepest declines; instead, disease, invasive species, pollution, and climate change are associated with faster declines. Interactive threats contribute more to population declines than temporal or spatial variation. Counterfactual analyses reveal that mitigating multiple threats is essential to achieving nonnegative vertebrate population trends and halting biodiversity loss.
{"title":"Halting predicted vertebrate declines requires tackling multiple drivers of biodiversity loss","authors":"Pol Capdevila, Duncan O’Brien, Valentina Marconi, Thomas F. Johnson, Robin Freeman, Louise McRae, Christopher F. Clements","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx7973","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adx7973","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Conservation policies aiming to halt biodiversity loss often focus on globally prevalent threats like habitat loss and exploitation, yet direct and interactive effects of multiple threats remain poorly quantified. Here, we go beyond prior meta-analyses or species-level studies by providing a global, population-level empirical analysis of threat interactions by examining 3129 vertebrate population time series worldwide with documented exposure to single and multiple threats. Populations affected solely by habitat loss or exploitation do not exhibit the steepest declines; instead, disease, invasive species, pollution, and climate change are associated with faster declines. Interactive threats contribute more to population declines than temporal or spatial variation. Counterfactual analyses reveal that mitigating multiple threats is essential to achieving nonnegative vertebrate population trends and halting biodiversity loss.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Li, Chenchen Liu, Zongpeng Huang, Jack Ng, Fan Nan
Optohydrodynamic manipulation offers a versatile, noninvasive, and reconfigurable approach for controlling microscopic objects. Here, we present a strategy for generating tunable three-dimensional optohydrodynamic torques through phase gradient–driven nanoparticle assemblies. Using programmable optical ring vortices (Laguerre-Gaussian beams), we assemble and rotate colloidal clusters with certain particle numbers, whose induced hydrodynamic flows apply switchable in-plane and out-of-plane torques on target particles. Torque control is achieved via two mechanisms: (i) reversing the handedness of circular polarization to break rotational symmetry and (ii) displacing optical ring vortices and modulating cluster rotation speed. These complementary controls provide robust, high-resolution torques tuned in arbitrary directions. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate full three-dimensional orientation control of a single cell. This framework greatly expands the capabilities of optohydrodynamic systems by explicitly incorporating light-driven interparticle interactions and establishes a foundation for advanced applications in biophysics, microrobotics, and biomedical engineering.
{"title":"Tunable 3D optohydrodynamic torques from optical phase gradient–driven colloidal assemblies","authors":"Xiao Li, Chenchen Liu, Zongpeng Huang, Jack Ng, Fan Nan","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aec6957","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aec6957","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Optohydrodynamic manipulation offers a versatile, noninvasive, and reconfigurable approach for controlling microscopic objects. Here, we present a strategy for generating tunable three-dimensional optohydrodynamic torques through phase gradient–driven nanoparticle assemblies. Using programmable optical ring vortices (Laguerre-Gaussian beams), we assemble and rotate colloidal clusters with certain particle numbers, whose induced hydrodynamic flows apply switchable in-plane and out-of-plane torques on target particles. Torque control is achieved via two mechanisms: (i) reversing the handedness of circular polarization to break rotational symmetry and (ii) displacing optical ring vortices and modulating cluster rotation speed. These complementary controls provide robust, high-resolution torques tuned in arbitrary directions. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate full three-dimensional orientation control of a single cell. This framework greatly expands the capabilities of optohydrodynamic systems by explicitly incorporating light-driven interparticle interactions and establishes a foundation for advanced applications in biophysics, microrobotics, and biomedical engineering.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69543-5
Josep Bonsoms, Sergi González-Herrero, Xavier Fettweis, Marc Lemus-Cánovas, Marc Oliva, Juan I. López-Moreno
The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has experienced a strong intensification of summer surface melting, with extreme events becoming more frequent, extensive, and severe. Despite its importance for global sea-level rise, the mechanisms driving these extremes remain incompletely understood. We analyze extreme melting events over 1950–2023 using an analog-based framework combined with a regional climate model to disentangle thermodynamic and dynamic contributions. Thermodynamic processes intensify meltwater production by 25% relative to 1950–1975 when circulation analog events are included, increasing to 63% when circulation-analog events are included, with the strongest increases in northern Greenland. Seven of the ten most extreme events occurred after 2000, with meltwater anomalies reaching up to three times their synoptic average. Record-breaking events such as August 2012, July 2019, and July 2021 show no dynamic precedents. Future projections under high-emission scenarios suggest that extreme meltwater anomalies could increase by up to +372% by 2100 (SSP5-8.5, CMIP6), highlighting the profound impact of climate change on GrIS melt extremes.
{"title":"Record-breaking Greenland ice sheet melt events under recent and future climate","authors":"Josep Bonsoms, Sergi González-Herrero, Xavier Fettweis, Marc Lemus-Cánovas, Marc Oliva, Juan I. López-Moreno","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69543-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69543-5","url":null,"abstract":"The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has experienced a strong intensification of summer surface melting, with extreme events becoming more frequent, extensive, and severe. Despite its importance for global sea-level rise, the mechanisms driving these extremes remain incompletely understood. We analyze extreme melting events over 1950–2023 using an analog-based framework combined with a regional climate model to disentangle thermodynamic and dynamic contributions. Thermodynamic processes intensify meltwater production by 25% relative to 1950–1975 when circulation analog events are included, increasing to 63% when circulation-analog events are included, with the strongest increases in northern Greenland. Seven of the ten most extreme events occurred after 2000, with meltwater anomalies reaching up to three times their synoptic average. Record-breaking events such as August 2012, July 2019, and July 2021 show no dynamic precedents. Future projections under high-emission scenarios suggest that extreme meltwater anomalies could increase by up to +372% by 2100 (SSP5-8.5, CMIP6), highlighting the profound impact of climate change on GrIS melt extremes.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z
Sujit Suklabaidya, Suchitra Mohanty, Irene E. Reider, Jesse White, Dominic Colter, Sarah M. McCormick, Noula Shembade, Young Bong Choi, Christopher C. Norbury, Edward W. Harhaj
The cGAS-STING pathway is a critical regulator of type I Interferon (IFN) and inflammation upon cytosolic DNA-sensing. cGAS-STING signaling termination is regulated by lysosomal-mediated degradation of STING; however, the mechanisms controlling the inhibitory targeting of STING are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the selective autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 as a negative regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway. TAX1BP1-deficient macrophages activated by cGAS or STING agonists accumulate higher-order STING aggregates, exhibit heightened STING signaling, and increased production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, TAX1BP1 promotes STING degradation through microautophagy by facilitating the interaction of STING with the ESCRT-0 protein HGS. Furthermore, STING activation is associated with the swelling and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, and TAX1BP1 and p62/SQSTM1 are essential for the autophagic degradation of fragmented Golgi (Golgiphagy). Our findings suggest that STING activation at the Golgi is coupled to its downregulation by Golgiphagy to restrict innate immune responses.
{"title":"Negative feedback regulation of STING signaling by TAX1BP1-directed Golgiphagy","authors":"Sujit Suklabaidya, Suchitra Mohanty, Irene E. Reider, Jesse White, Dominic Colter, Sarah M. McCormick, Noula Shembade, Young Bong Choi, Christopher C. Norbury, Edward W. Harhaj","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69422-z","url":null,"abstract":"The cGAS-STING pathway is a critical regulator of type I Interferon (IFN) and inflammation upon cytosolic DNA-sensing. cGAS-STING signaling termination is regulated by lysosomal-mediated degradation of STING; however, the mechanisms controlling the inhibitory targeting of STING are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the selective autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 as a negative regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway. TAX1BP1-deficient macrophages activated by cGAS or STING agonists accumulate higher-order STING aggregates, exhibit heightened STING signaling, and increased production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, TAX1BP1 promotes STING degradation through microautophagy by facilitating the interaction of STING with the ESCRT-0 protein HGS. Furthermore, STING activation is associated with the swelling and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, and TAX1BP1 and p62/SQSTM1 are essential for the autophagic degradation of fragmented Golgi (Golgiphagy). Our findings suggest that STING activation at the Golgi is coupled to its downregulation by Golgiphagy to restrict innate immune responses.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69418-9
Linling He, Yi-Zong Lee, Yi-Nan Zhang, Maddy L. Newby, Benjamin M. Janus, Fabrizio G. Gonzalez, Garrett Ward, Connor DesRoberts, Shr-Hau Hung, Erick Giang, Joel D. Allen, Liudmila Kulakova, Eric A. Toth, Thomas R. Fuerst, Mansun Law, Gilad Ofek, Max Crispin, Jiang Zhu
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Development of an E1E2-based HCV vaccine has been hindered by the difficulty of producing a soluble E1E2 (sE1E2) antigen that faithfully recapitulates the native virion-associated heterodimer. Guided by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures, we engineer genotype 1a H77 sE1E2 by truncating the E1 and E2 stems (Cut1), deleting a putative fusion peptide–containing region in E1 (Cut2), and stabilizing the heterodimer using diverse scaffolds. All H77 sE1E2.Cut1+2 scaffolds exhibit native-like E1–E2 association and strong binding to the broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) AR4A. A genotype 1a HCV-1 sE1E2.Cut1+2 variant scaffolded by a modified SpyTag/SpyCatcher (SPYΔN) is selected for in vitro and in vivo characterization, as well as further construct refinement. The structure of this HCV-1 sE1E2 construct in complex with bNAbs is determined by cryo-EM and negative-stain EM (nsEM), with an nsEM-based strategy established for antibody epitope mapping. HCV-1 sE1E2.Cut1+2.SPYΔN is displayed on self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) to enhance immunogenicity. The HCV-1 sE1E2.Cut1+2.SPYΔN heterodimer and SApNPs bearing wildtype or modified glycans are evaluated in mice, alongside E2 core-based immunogens for comparison. Together, these results establish a framework for advancing E1E2-based HCV vaccines toward clinical development.
{"title":"Native-like soluble E1E2 glycoprotein heterodimers on self-assembling protein nanoparticles for hepatitis C virus vaccine design","authors":"Linling He, Yi-Zong Lee, Yi-Nan Zhang, Maddy L. Newby, Benjamin M. Janus, Fabrizio G. Gonzalez, Garrett Ward, Connor DesRoberts, Shr-Hau Hung, Erick Giang, Joel D. Allen, Liudmila Kulakova, Eric A. Toth, Thomas R. Fuerst, Mansun Law, Gilad Ofek, Max Crispin, Jiang Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69418-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69418-9","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Development of an E1E2-based HCV vaccine has been hindered by the difficulty of producing a soluble E1E2 (sE1E2) antigen that faithfully recapitulates the native virion-associated heterodimer. Guided by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures, we engineer genotype 1a H77 sE1E2 by truncating the E1 and E2 stems (Cut1), deleting a putative fusion peptide–containing region in E1 (Cut2), and stabilizing the heterodimer using diverse scaffolds. All H77 sE1E2.Cut1+2 scaffolds exhibit native-like E1–E2 association and strong binding to the broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) AR4A. A genotype 1a HCV-1 sE1E2.Cut1+2 variant scaffolded by a modified SpyTag/SpyCatcher (SPYΔN) is selected for in vitro and in vivo characterization, as well as further construct refinement. The structure of this HCV-1 sE1E2 construct in complex with bNAbs is determined by cryo-EM and negative-stain EM (nsEM), with an nsEM-based strategy established for antibody epitope mapping. HCV-1 sE1E2.Cut1+2.SPYΔN is displayed on self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) to enhance immunogenicity. The HCV-1 sE1E2.Cut1+2.SPYΔN heterodimer and SApNPs bearing wildtype or modified glycans are evaluated in mice, alongside E2 core-based immunogens for comparison. Together, these results establish a framework for advancing E1E2-based HCV vaccines toward clinical development.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optically active defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have become amongst the most attractive single-photon emitters in the solid state, owing to their high-quality photophysical properties, combined with the unlimited possibilities of integration offered by the host van der Waals material. In particular, the B centres, with their narrow linewidth, low wavelength spread and controllable positioning, have raised a particular interest for integrated quantum photonics. However, to date, either their excitation or their detection has been performed non-resonantly due to the difficulty of rejecting the backreflected laser light at the same wavelength, thereby preventing to take full benefit from their high coherence in quantum protocols. Here, we make use of narrow-linewidth emitters integrated in a hybrid metal-dielectric structure to implement cross-polarisation laser rejection. This allows us to observe resonantly scattered photons, with associated experimental signatures of optical coherence in both continuous-wave (cw) and pulsed regimes, respectively the Mollow triplet and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference from zero-phonon-line emission. The two-photon interference visibilities of (0.9{3}_{-0.21}^{+0.07}) and (0.9{2}_{-0.26}^{+0.08}) we measured for two emitters demonstrate the potential of B centres in hBN for applications to integrated quantum information.
{"title":"Resonance fluorescence and indistinguishable photons from a coherently driven B centre in hBN","authors":"Domitille Gérard, Stéphanie Buil, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jean-Pierre Hermier, Aymeric Delteil","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-68555-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68555-5","url":null,"abstract":"Optically active defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have become amongst the most attractive single-photon emitters in the solid state, owing to their high-quality photophysical properties, combined with the unlimited possibilities of integration offered by the host van der Waals material. In particular, the B centres, with their narrow linewidth, low wavelength spread and controllable positioning, have raised a particular interest for integrated quantum photonics. However, to date, either their excitation or their detection has been performed non-resonantly due to the difficulty of rejecting the backreflected laser light at the same wavelength, thereby preventing to take full benefit from their high coherence in quantum protocols. Here, we make use of narrow-linewidth emitters integrated in a hybrid metal-dielectric structure to implement cross-polarisation laser rejection. This allows us to observe resonantly scattered photons, with associated experimental signatures of optical coherence in both continuous-wave (cw) and pulsed regimes, respectively the Mollow triplet and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference from zero-phonon-line emission. The two-photon interference visibilities of (0.9{3}_{-0.21}^{+0.07}) and (0.9{2}_{-0.26}^{+0.08}) we measured for two emitters demonstrate the potential of B centres in hBN for applications to integrated quantum information.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69431-y
Wen-Ting Wu, Chun-Yun Deng, Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Yue-Yi Zhang, Kun Liu, Yanli Zhao, Chunju Li
Realizing reliable medicine anticounterfeiting with safe and robust materials remains a challenge. We address this issue by preparing a class of edible phosphorescent supramolecules (VB10@α/β-CDs) based on easily available α/β-cyclodextrins (α/β-CDs) and vitamin B10 (VB10). Concisely grinding them with water or co-crystallization from aqueous solution, the resulting host−guest complexes VB10@α/β-CDs exhibit a long phosphorescence lifetime of up to 1.16 s and a high photoluminescent quantum yield of up to 86.5%, The encapsulation of α/β-CDs reverses the energy ordering of VB10’s excited singlet states, promotes the formation of the minimum energy crossing point (MECP) between singlet state and triplet state, and therefore boosts phosphorescence. VB10@α/β-CDs are attractive as phosphorescent inks for in-medicine anticounterfeiting because of the advantages of an edible nature, good moisture robustness, room-temperature phosphorescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Therefore, the present phosphorescent supramolecules as well as the elucidated MECP-involved mechanism would promote in-depth understanding of phosphorescence enhancement strategy.
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