Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111055
Byron Brook , Abhinav Kumar Checkervarty , Soumik Barman , Cali Sweitzer , Anna-Nicole Bosco , Amy C. Sherman , Lindsey R. Baden , Elena Morrocchi , Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz , Paolo Palma , Etsuro Nanishi , Timothy R. O’Meara , Marisa E. McGrath , Matthew B. Frieman , Dheeraj Soni , Simon D. van Haren , Al Ozonoff , Joann Diray-Arce , Hanno Steen , David J. Dowling , Ofer Levy
mRNA vaccines demonstrate impaired immunogenicity and durability in vulnerable older populations. We hypothesized that human in vitro modeling and proteomics could elucidate age-specific mRNA vaccine actions. BNT162b2-stimulation changed the plasma proteome of blood samples from young (18-50Y) and older adult (≥60Y) participants, assessed by mass spectrometry, proximity extension assay, and multiplex. Young adult up-regulation (e.g., PSMC6, CPN1) contrasted reduced induction in older adults (e.g., TPM4, APOF, APOC2, CPN1, PI16). 30–85% lower TH1-polarizing cytokines and chemokines were induced in elderly blood (e.g., IFNγ, CXCL10). Analytes lower in older adult samples included human in vivo mRNA immunogenicity biomarkers (e.g., IFNγ, CXCL10, CCL4, IL-1RA). BNT162b2 also demonstrated reduced CD4+ TH1 responses in aged vs. young adult mice. Our study demonstrates the utility of human in vitro platforms modeling age-specific mRNA vaccine immunogenicity, highlights impaired support of TH1 polarization in older adults, and provides a rationale for precision mRNA vaccine adjuvantation to induce greater immunogenicity.
{"title":"The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine demonstrates reduced age-associated TH1 support in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Byron Brook , Abhinav Kumar Checkervarty , Soumik Barman , Cali Sweitzer , Anna-Nicole Bosco , Amy C. Sherman , Lindsey R. Baden , Elena Morrocchi , Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz , Paolo Palma , Etsuro Nanishi , Timothy R. O’Meara , Marisa E. McGrath , Matthew B. Frieman , Dheeraj Soni , Simon D. van Haren , Al Ozonoff , Joann Diray-Arce , Hanno Steen , David J. Dowling , Ofer Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>mRNA vaccines demonstrate impaired immunogenicity and durability in vulnerable older populations. We hypothesized that human <em>in vitro</em> modeling and proteomics could elucidate age-specific mRNA vaccine actions. BNT162b2-stimulation changed the plasma proteome of blood samples from young (18-50Y) and older adult (≥60Y) participants, assessed by mass spectrometry, proximity extension assay, and multiplex. Young adult up-regulation (e.g., PSMC6, CPN1) contrasted reduced induction in older adults (e.g., TPM4, APOF, APOC2, CPN1, PI16). 30–85% lower T<sub>H</sub>1-polarizing cytokines and chemokines were induced in elderly blood (e.g., IFNγ, CXCL10). Analytes lower in older adult samples included human <em>in vivo</em> mRNA immunogenicity biomarkers (e.g., IFNγ, CXCL10, CCL4, IL-1RA). BNT162b2 also demonstrated reduced CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>1 responses in aged vs. young adult mice. Our study demonstrates the utility of human <em>in vitro</em> platforms modeling age-specific mRNA vaccine immunogenicity, highlights impaired support of T<sub>H</sub>1 polarization in older adults, and provides a rationale for precision mRNA vaccine adjuvantation to induce greater immunogenicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111216
Weiran Pang , Chuqi Yuan , Tianting Zhong , Xiazi Huang , Yue Pan , Junle Qu , Liming Nie , Yingying Zhou , Puxiang Lai
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent health threats globally. Traditional diagnostic methods for CVDs, including electrocardiography, ultrasound, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, have inherent limitations in real-time monitoring and high-resolution visualization of cardiovascular pathophysiology. In recent years, optical imaging technology has gained considerable attention as a non-invasive, high-resolution, real-time monitoring solution in the study and diagnosis of CVD. This review discusses the latest advancements, and applications of optical techniques in cardiac imaging. We compare the advantages of optical imaging over traditional modalities and especially scrutinize techniques such as optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescence imaging. We summarize their investigations in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart valve disease, etc. Additionally, we discuss challenges like deep-tissue imaging and high spatiotemporal resolution adjustment, and review existing solutions such as multimodal integration, artificial intelligence, and enhanced optical probes. This article aims to drive further development in optical imaging technologies to provide more precise and efficient tools for early diagnosis, pathological mechanism exploration, and treatment of CVD.
{"title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic optical imaging in cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Weiran Pang , Chuqi Yuan , Tianting Zhong , Xiazi Huang , Yue Pan , Junle Qu , Liming Nie , Yingying Zhou , Puxiang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent health threats globally. Traditional diagnostic methods for CVDs, including electrocardiography, ultrasound, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, have inherent limitations in real-time monitoring and high-resolution visualization of cardiovascular pathophysiology. In recent years, optical imaging technology has gained considerable attention as a non-invasive, high-resolution, real-time monitoring solution in the study and diagnosis of CVD. This review discusses the latest advancements, and applications of optical techniques in cardiac imaging. We compare the advantages of optical imaging over traditional modalities and especially scrutinize techniques such as optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescence imaging. We summarize their investigations in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart valve disease, etc. Additionally, we discuss challenges like deep-tissue imaging and high spatiotemporal resolution adjustment, and review existing solutions such as multimodal integration, artificial intelligence, and enhanced optical probes. This article aims to drive further development in optical imaging technologies to provide more precise and efficient tools for early diagnosis, pathological mechanism exploration, and treatment of CVD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The care for cystic fibrosis (CF) has dramatically changed with the development of modulators, correctors, and potentiators of the CFTR molecule, which lead to improved clinical status of most people with CF (pwCF). The modulators influence phospholipids and ceramides, but not linoleic acid (LA) deficiency, associated with more severe phenotypes of CF. The LA deficiency is associated with upregulation of its transfer to arachidonic acid (AA). The AA release from membranes is increased and associated with increase of pro-inflammatory prostanoids and the characteristic inflammation is present before birth and bacterial infections. Docosahexaenoic acid is often decreased, especially in associated liver disease Some endogenously synthesized fatty acids are increased. Cholesterol and ceramide metabolisms are disturbed. The lipid abnormalities are present at birth, and before feeding in transgenic pigs and ferrets. This review focus on the lipid abnormalities and their associations to clinical symptoms in CF, based on clinical studies and experimental research.
{"title":"Fatty acid abnormalities in cystic fibrosis–the missing link for a cure?","authors":"Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż , Jarosław Walkowiak , Carla Colombo , Gianfranco Alicandro , Olav Trond Storrösten , Magnhild Kolsgaard , Egil Bakkeheim , Birgitta Strandvik","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The care for cystic fibrosis (CF) has dramatically changed with the development of modulators, correctors, and potentiators of the CFTR molecule, which lead to improved clinical status of most people with CF (pwCF). The modulators influence phospholipids and ceramides, but not linoleic acid (LA) deficiency, associated with more severe phenotypes of CF. The LA deficiency is associated with upregulation of its transfer to arachidonic acid (AA). The AA release from membranes is increased and associated with increase of pro-inflammatory prostanoids and the characteristic inflammation is present before birth and bacterial infections. Docosahexaenoic acid is often decreased, especially in associated liver disease Some endogenously synthesized fatty acids are increased. Cholesterol and ceramide metabolisms are disturbed. The lipid abnormalities are present at birth, and before feeding in transgenic pigs and ferrets. This review focus on the lipid abnormalities and their associations to clinical symptoms in CF, based on clinical studies and experimental research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111161
Alan Flanagan , Leonie C. Ruddick-Collins , Barbara Fielding , Benita Middleton , Johanna von Gerichten , Michael Short , Victoria Revell , Jeewaka Mendis , Claus-Dieter Mayer , Peter J. Morgan , Alexandra M. Johnstone , Jonathan D. Johnston
Experimental inversion of circadian and behavioral rhythms by 12 h adversely affects markers of metabolic health. We investigated the effects of a more modest 5-h delay in behavioral cycles. Fourteen participants completed an 8-day in-patient laboratory protocol, with controlled sleep-wake opportunities, light-dark cycles, and diet. The 5-h delay in behavioral cycles was induced by delaying sleep opportunity. We measured melatonin to confirm central circadian phase, fasting markers and postprandial metabolism, energy expenditure, subjective sleepiness, and appetite, throughout the waking period. After the phase delay, there was slower gastric emptying at breakfast, lower fasting plasma glucose, higher postprandial plasma glucose and triglycerides, and lower thermic effect of feeding. Any changes were abolished or attenuated within 48–72 h. These data extend our previous findings, which showed no time-of-day effect in healthy adults on daytime energy expenditure or thermic effect of feeding when accounting for circadian variation in resting metabolic rate.
{"title":"Short-term changes in human metabolism following a 5-h delay of the light-dark and behavioral cycle","authors":"Alan Flanagan , Leonie C. Ruddick-Collins , Barbara Fielding , Benita Middleton , Johanna von Gerichten , Michael Short , Victoria Revell , Jeewaka Mendis , Claus-Dieter Mayer , Peter J. Morgan , Alexandra M. Johnstone , Jonathan D. Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental inversion of circadian and behavioral rhythms by 12 h adversely affects markers of metabolic health. We investigated the effects of a more modest 5-h delay in behavioral cycles. Fourteen participants completed an 8-day in-patient laboratory protocol, with controlled sleep-wake opportunities, light-dark cycles, and diet. The 5-h delay in behavioral cycles was induced by delaying sleep opportunity. We measured melatonin to confirm central circadian phase, fasting markers and postprandial metabolism, energy expenditure, subjective sleepiness, and appetite, throughout the waking period. After the phase delay, there was slower gastric emptying at breakfast, lower fasting plasma glucose, higher postprandial plasma glucose and triglycerides, and lower thermic effect of feeding. Any changes were abolished or attenuated within 48–72 h. These data extend our previous findings, which showed no time-of-day effect in healthy adults on daytime energy expenditure or thermic effect of feeding when accounting for circadian variation in resting metabolic rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug nanocrystals have received significant attention in drug development due to their enhanced dissolution rate and improved water solubility, making them effective in overcoming issues related to drug hydrophobicity, thereby improving drug bioavailability and treatment effectiveness. Recent advances in preparation techniques have facilitated research on drug surface properties, leading to valuable surface engineering strategies. Surface modification can stabilize drug nanocrystals, making them suitable for versatile drug delivery platforms. Functionalized ligands further enhance the potential for targeted delivery, enabling precision medicine. This review focuses on the surface engineering of drug nanocrystals, discussing various preparation methods, surface ligand design strategies, and their applications in targeted drug delivery, especially for cancer treatments. Finally, challenges and future directions are also discussed to promote the development of drug nanocrystals. The surface engineering of drug nanocrystals promises new opportunities for treating complex and chronic diseases while broadening the application of drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Drug nanocrystals: Surface engineering and its applications in targeted delivery","authors":"Phattalapol Lhaglham , Luksika Jiramonai , Yaru Jia , Baoying Huang , Yuanyu Huang , Xueyun Gao , Jinchao Zhang , Xing-Jie Liang , Mengliang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug nanocrystals have received significant attention in drug development due to their enhanced dissolution rate and improved water solubility, making them effective in overcoming issues related to drug hydrophobicity, thereby improving drug bioavailability and treatment effectiveness. Recent advances in preparation techniques have facilitated research on drug surface properties, leading to valuable surface engineering strategies. Surface modification can stabilize drug nanocrystals, making them suitable for versatile drug delivery platforms. Functionalized ligands further enhance the potential for targeted delivery, enabling precision medicine. This review focuses on the surface engineering of drug nanocrystals, discussing various preparation methods, surface ligand design strategies, and their applications in targeted drug delivery, especially for cancer treatments. Finally, challenges and future directions are also discussed to promote the development of drug nanocrystals. The surface engineering of drug nanocrystals promises new opportunities for treating complex and chronic diseases while broadening the application of drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111075
Rahul Malik , Koen Bertens , René-Pierre Allard , Katherine Thompson , Jennifer Hiscock , Cynthia Handler , Amanda Wilson
Driven predominantly by public and private innovation, rechargeable batteries have, over a few decades, graduated from powering luxury consumer electronics to becoming one of the linchpins of the energy transition. Rapid adoption trends of batteries must accelerate to meet global net-zero targets for mobility and stationary storage, and will require making sound investments in battery innovation that deliver the most value. Because battery innovation is increasingly complex, multi-disciplinary, and subject to the coordination of stakeholders across academia, industry, government, and the broader public, building common and intuitive frameworks for understanding becomes critical to making progress. In this Perspective, we present and employ five conceptual, descriptive, technical, and social frameworks that, taken together, provide a holistic assessment of innovation opportunities in the battery sector. Finally, we illustrate their implementation as the foundation of the Strategic Approach to Battery Innovation pursued by the Government of Canada’s Office of Energy Research and Development.
{"title":"A strategic approach to evaluating battery innovation investments","authors":"Rahul Malik , Koen Bertens , René-Pierre Allard , Katherine Thompson , Jennifer Hiscock , Cynthia Handler , Amanda Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven predominantly by public and private innovation, rechargeable batteries have, over a few decades, graduated from powering luxury consumer electronics to becoming one of the linchpins of the energy transition. Rapid adoption trends of batteries must accelerate to meet global net-zero targets for mobility and stationary storage, and will require making sound investments in battery innovation that deliver the most value. Because battery innovation is increasingly complex, multi-disciplinary, and subject to the coordination of stakeholders across academia, industry, government, and the broader public, building common and intuitive frameworks for understanding becomes critical to making progress. In this <em>Perspective</em>, we present and employ five conceptual, descriptive, technical, and social frameworks that, taken together, provide a holistic assessment of innovation opportunities in the battery sector. Finally, we illustrate their implementation as the foundation of the <em>Strategic Approach to Battery Innovation</em> pursued by the Government of Canada’s Office of Energy Research and Development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111107
Huili Li , Fei Xiao , Haiqiang Ren , Fei Xu , Hao Che , Huadong Zhu , Chenghui Zhou , Sheng Wang
Background
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a marker for insulin resistance, has been linked to adverse cardiac outcomes. Its role in predicting mortality following cardiac surgery remains unclear.
Methods
This study analyzed 1,810 cardiac surgery patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, categorized by TyG index levels. Mortality was the primary outcome, assessed through Cox proportional hazards regression, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and restricted cubic splines.
Results
Over a 13-year follow-up, 83 patients died. Higher TyG index levels were associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.206, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.121–1.297, p < 0.001). Time-dependent ROC analysis showed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.914, 0.857, and 0.801 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The TyG index-based model outperformed established scoring systems in predicting mortality.
Conclusions
Elevated TyG index levels are significantly associated with higher mortality risk after cardiac surgery, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker in this population.
{"title":"Triglyceride index as a predictor of mortality after cardiac surgery","authors":"Huili Li , Fei Xiao , Haiqiang Ren , Fei Xu , Hao Che , Huadong Zhu , Chenghui Zhou , Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a marker for insulin resistance, has been linked to adverse cardiac outcomes. Its role in predicting mortality following cardiac surgery remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed 1,810 cardiac surgery patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, categorized by TyG index levels. Mortality was the primary outcome, assessed through Cox proportional hazards regression, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and restricted cubic splines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a 13-year follow-up, 83 patients died. Higher TyG index levels were associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.206, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.121–1.297, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Time-dependent ROC analysis showed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.914, 0.857, and 0.801 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The TyG index-based model outperformed established scoring systems in predicting mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated TyG index levels are significantly associated with higher mortality risk after cardiac surgery, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111090
Gal Cohen , Carlo Maria Bellanca , Renato Bernardini , Jed E. Rose , Riccardo Polosa
Cigarette smoking addiction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and presents a challenging interventional target. Interventions for stopping smoking offer trade-offs in ability to displace or blunt the effects of cigarettes, which include positive and negative reinforcement, psychological reward, aversiveness, and sensory enjoyment, and which are mediated through nicotine and non-nicotine elements of smoking. Established therapies, which include nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), varenicline, and bupropion are being supplemented with a growing evidence base for cytisine and nicotine substitution products, with more rapid acting NRTs on the horizon, all of which are expanding individual choice. An understanding of determinants of efficacy can inform a personalized and adaptive approach to smoking cessation, which presents an opportunity to further improve outcomes. This includes tailoring cessation treatment plans based on initial individual response, preference, and tolerability to first line interventions and considering second-line options (including evidence-based combination therapies) when needed.
{"title":"Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy","authors":"Gal Cohen , Carlo Maria Bellanca , Renato Bernardini , Jed E. Rose , Riccardo Polosa","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cigarette smoking addiction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and presents a challenging interventional target. Interventions for stopping smoking offer trade-offs in ability to displace or blunt the effects of cigarettes, which include positive and negative reinforcement, psychological reward, aversiveness, and sensory enjoyment, and which are mediated through nicotine and non-nicotine elements of smoking. Established therapies, which include nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), varenicline, and bupropion are being supplemented with a growing evidence base for cytisine and nicotine substitution products, with more rapid acting NRTs on the horizon, all of which are expanding individual choice. An understanding of determinants of efficacy can inform a personalized and adaptive approach to smoking cessation, which presents an opportunity to further improve outcomes. This includes tailoring cessation treatment plans based on initial individual response, preference, and tolerability to first line interventions and considering second-line options (including evidence-based combination therapies) when needed.</div></div><div><h3>Video Abstract</h3><div><span><span><span><span><video><source></source></video></span><span><span>Download: <span>Download video (61MB)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111106
Qiang Liu , An-Tian Chen , Runmin Li , Liang Yan , Xubin Quan , Xiaozhu Liu , Yang Zhang , Tianyu Xiang , Yingang Zhang , Anfa Chen , Hao Jiang , Xuewen Hou , Qizhong Xu , Weiheng He , Liang Chen , Xin Zhou , Qiang Zhang , Wei Huang , Haopeng Luan , Xinghua Song , Wenle Li
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of lower back pain and sciatica, and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is always employed. This multicenter retrospective study investigates predicting intraoperative blood transfusion for LDH patients undergoing PLIF in China. The research includes 6,241 patients from 22 medical centers and employs 8 feature selection methods and 10 machine learning models, including an integrated stacking model. The optimal predictive model was selected based on the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, clinical applicability, and computational efficiency. Among the evaluated combinations, the simulated annealing support vector machine recursive + stacking model achieved the highest performance with an area under the curve of 0.884, supported by robust calibration and decision curve analyses. A publicly accessible web calculator was developed to assist clinicians in decision-making. This work significantly enhances intraoperative transfusion predictions, providing valuable tools for improving patient management.
{"title":"Development and validation of machine learning models for intraoperative blood transfusion prediction in severe lumbar disc herniation","authors":"Qiang Liu , An-Tian Chen , Runmin Li , Liang Yan , Xubin Quan , Xiaozhu Liu , Yang Zhang , Tianyu Xiang , Yingang Zhang , Anfa Chen , Hao Jiang , Xuewen Hou , Qizhong Xu , Weiheng He , Liang Chen , Xin Zhou , Qiang Zhang , Wei Huang , Haopeng Luan , Xinghua Song , Wenle Li","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of lower back pain and sciatica, and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is always employed. This multicenter retrospective study investigates predicting intraoperative blood transfusion for LDH patients undergoing PLIF in China. The research includes 6,241 patients from 22 medical centers and employs 8 feature selection methods and 10 machine learning models, including an integrated stacking model. The optimal predictive model was selected based on the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, clinical applicability, and computational efficiency. Among the evaluated combinations, the simulated annealing support vector machine recursive + stacking model achieved the highest performance with an area under the curve of 0.884, supported by robust calibration and decision curve analyses. A publicly accessible web calculator was developed to assist clinicians in decision-making. This work significantly enhances intraoperative transfusion predictions, providing valuable tools for improving patient management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 11","pages":"Article 111106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111324
Jinhee Yoo, Jinhyuk Kim, Jungwoo Lee, Hyung Ham Kim
{"title":"Red blood cell trapping using single-beam acoustic tweezers in the Rayleigh regime","authors":"Jinhee Yoo, Jinhyuk Kim, Jungwoo Lee, Hyung Ham Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"27 12","pages":"Article 111324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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