Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

The construction of cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris sheds new light on the use of iron and lead in the building. It encourages one to question the evolution of practices related to these metals over the centuries. On the one hand, the restoration work has brought to light various armatures, chains and series of iron staples that were previously unknown, the study of which makes it possible to specify their role in the structure of the building, their chronology, but also their quality and origin. Research is also being carried out into the various uses of lead (roofing, decoration, sealing, etc.) and the practices of craftsmen at different times. The identification of the lead sources is carried out by means of elemental and isotopic analyses, making it possible to highlight recycling practices, as well as to trace the lead possible contribution to the pollution of the environment. An interdisciplinary research group on metal bringing together archaeologists, archaeometers, chemists, art historians and heritage specialists has been set up within Notre-Dame scientific research program to jointly address all these issues.

The unprecedented emotion aroused by the burning of Notre-Dame de Paris on April 15, 2019 implies an attachment to this building whose foundations anthropology attempts to uncover. Therefore, it is also a case of questioning the way in which a heritage can be as universally shared as is the Parisian cathedral. Moreover, in the present of the restoration, which holds the monument at a distance from its users in an unprecedented way, the current investigation aims to understand what happens to this link, as revealed by the catastrophe.

An interdisciplinary scientific project composed of different work groups was set up after the fire of Notre-Dame cathedral in 2019 which aims at studying all different aspects of the building and its evolutions from the 12th to the 19th century. One of them is the Metal work group who investigates the use of iron and lead in this monument and try for instance to trace the history of lead uses in the construction and restorations of cathedrals. The present paper focuses on the case of Notre-Dame de Paris, a jewel of French gothic architecture to question the role of this metal in its structure, to determine the quantities used and to investigate issues related to its provisioning and its recycling. Paradoxically, though the fire of 15th April 2019 melted almost the whole lead roof as well as decorative elements on the spire, lost forever for scientific investigations, it also enabled to reveal hidden parts of the cathedral where lead used as sealing became accessible thanks to scaffolding. A methodology combining archaeology, archive record study and archaeometry was implemented to study the remaining lead in the cathedral leading to a textual approach coupled with a material approach. Two case studies are considered in this paper as representative of lead uses at different periods of the cathedral's life: in medieval masonry with cramp's sealings in the tribunes, and on the sacristy's roof dating from the 19th century. For the first case, a chronology of the construction will be suggested and for the second a discussion between chemical analyses and archive records will be opened.

During the fire at Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral on April 15 th, 2019, the historic stained-glass windows were entirely protected by the action of firefighters and the resistance of the vault, which fulfilled its role as a shield. In this context, a group of art historians, stained glass experts, conservation scientists and university researchers was created to coordinate scientific research concerning the stained-glass windows of the cathedral. This “Glass” working group (GT Verre) defined the following priority research themes: the characterisation of surface deposits on stained glass, understanding the interaction of the former with materials and how to optimise conservation-restoration treatments, and general research to extend our knowledge of the 12 th to 20 th -century stained glass at Notre-Dame.

The work presented in this article was carried out following the fire (April 15, 2019) that ravaged Notre-Dame de Paris. The goal was to establish in a short and limited time-span the structural diagnosis of the remaining vaults of the cathedral. The analysis relied on 2D and 3D data acquired before and after the fire, and available at that time. Two complementary methods have been developed to estimate potential displacements from multi-temporal surveys. The first method is mainly based on the processing of image collections obtained with photogrammetric routines right after the fire. The second method, based on the processing of raw 3D data acquired with Terrestrial Laser Scanning, was developed afterward to refine and complete the analysis. Both methods have benefited from essential functionalities offered by two open-source solutions proven to enable “real-based” modeling in Cultural Heritage contexts, namely Micmac and CloudCompare. This paper presents the complementary use of these two software packages whilst detailing some procedural computing approaches to document and support structural diagnosis in an emergency situation. The limits and capabilities of each method are exposed and analyzed, toward the objective to develop 2.5D and 3D based geometrical analysis, respectively from photogrammetric and lasergrammetric sources. The results are presented and discussed regarding their potential usage for a quantitative and accurate diagnosis of vaults.