Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.006
Jing Wang , Minting Chen , Bingjian Zhang , Yulan Hu , Yabo Dong
This study addresses the critical problem of inner-wall fogging in glass enclosures protecting high-humidity earthen heritage sites. We construct an anti-fogging prediction model by integrating thermo-hygrometric coupling theory—specifically the capillary pressure-driven mechanism and modified dew-point temperature model—with machine learning algorithms. Utilizing field monitoring data (temperature, humidity, soil moisture content) from the Liangzhu Tiger Ridge Dam site in Hangzhou, China, we quantify the influence of soil moisture content on vapor condensation through a modified dew-point temperature calculation. The fogging driving potential () is proposed as the core predictive indicator. A Spline Transformation-Ridge Regression algorithm establishes the prediction model, configured with a four-level risk threshold system achieving 99.3% prediction accuracy. This model provides precise pre-judgment for intelligent anti-fogging strategies, significantly reducing energy consumption while enhancing visitor experience and maintaining stable humidity conditions for earthen heritage conservation, thereby providing theoretical support for optimizing high-humidity preservation methods and advancing preventive conservation of earthen sites.
{"title":"Study on a thermo-hygrometric coupling-based anti-fogging prediction model for display glass in high-humidity earthen heritage sites","authors":"Jing Wang , Minting Chen , Bingjian Zhang , Yulan Hu , Yabo Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical problem of inner-wall fogging in glass enclosures protecting high-humidity earthen heritage sites. We construct an anti-fogging prediction model by integrating thermo-hygrometric coupling theory—specifically the capillary pressure-driven mechanism and modified dew-point temperature model—with machine learning algorithms. Utilizing field monitoring data (temperature, humidity, soil moisture content) from the Liangzhu Tiger Ridge Dam site in Hangzhou, China, we quantify the influence of soil moisture content on vapor condensation through a modified dew-point temperature calculation. The fogging driving potential (<span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) is proposed as the core predictive indicator. A Spline Transformation-Ridge Regression algorithm establishes the prediction model, configured with a four-level risk threshold system achieving 99.3% prediction accuracy. This model provides precise pre-judgment for intelligent anti-fogging strategies, significantly reducing energy consumption while enhancing visitor experience and maintaining stable humidity conditions for earthen heritage conservation, thereby providing theoretical support for optimizing high-humidity preservation methods and advancing preventive conservation of earthen sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 198-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.009
M. Di Matteo , K. McGrath , C. Lemorini , S. Nunziante-Cesaro , S. Soncin
In the last decades, archaeology has witnessed a significant increase in the use of biomolecular analyses to study a variety of materials, including skeletal elements, as they are frequently preserved in archaeological deposits and directly linked to cultural and economic dynamics of ancient human populations. Radiocarbon dating, isotopic studies, and proteomic analyses are particularly useful to explore these questions, while their success is highly dependent on the state of preservation of collagen, the most abundant component of the organic fraction of skeletal elements. Over time collagen degrades, and its preservation is often compromised in very ancient archaeological contexts or when taphonomic processes are particularly severe, which can significantly limit the feasibility of subsequent biomolecular analyses.
The aim of this study is to test whether external reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ER-FTIR) can serve as a rapid, non-destructive pre-screening tool for assessing collagen preservation prior to ZooMS analysis. To evaluate the method's effectiveness, various faunal bone fragments were selected from different archaeological contexts (e.g., rock shelters, pits in dune fields, etc.) located in the Central Sahara (SW Libya), dating to the Middle and Late Holocene (8300–3400 cal BP). The bone fragments were first subjected to ER-FTIR analysis and then to ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) to compare the results and assess the presence of collagen in the samples.
Our results indicate that collagen was detected in about one-third of the samples, consistently associated with specific spectral features and further validated by ZooMS analyses. The method effectively distinguished well-preserved from poorly preserved samples while avoiding destructive sampling. This pre-screening approach reduces time and financial costs and safeguards the integrity of archaeological bones. Beyond its practical application, it also contributes to bioarchaeology and conservation science by providing a reproducible, non-destructive framework for evaluating biomolecular preservation across different sites and periods.
在过去的几十年里，考古学见证了生物分子分析在研究各种材料方面的显著增加，包括骨骼元素，因为它们经常被保存在考古沉积物中，并与古代人类种群的文化和经济动态直接相关。放射性碳测年、同位素研究和蛋白质组学分析对探索这些问题特别有用，而它们的成功高度依赖于胶原蛋白的保存状态，胶原蛋白是骨骼元素有机部分中最丰富的成分。随着时间的推移，胶原蛋白会降解，在非常古老的考古背景下，或者在埋藏过程特别严重的情况下，胶原蛋白的保存往往会受到损害，这极大地限制了随后生物分子分析的可行性。本研究的目的是测试外反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ER-FTIR）是否可以作为一种快速，非破坏性的预筛选工具，用于评估ZooMS分析之前的胶原保存情况。为了评估该方法的有效性，研究人员从位于中撒哈拉沙漠（利比亚西南部）的不同考古环境（如岩石掩体、沙丘坑等）中选择了各种动物骨碎片，时间可追溯到全新世中晚期（8300-3400 cal BP）。骨碎片首先进行ER-FTIR分析，然后进行ZooMS（动物考古质谱）分析，以比较结果并评估样品中胶原蛋白的存在。我们的结果表明，在大约三分之一的样品中检测到胶原蛋白，与特定的光谱特征一致，并通过ZooMS分析进一步验证。该方法有效地区分了保存良好和保存不良的样品，同时避免了破坏性采样。这种预先筛选的方法减少了时间和经济成本，并保障了考古骨骼的完整性。除了实际应用之外，它还为生物考古学和保护科学提供了一个可复制的、非破坏性的框架，用于评估不同地点和时期的生物分子保护。
{"title":"Portable ER-FTIR as a non-destructive method to pre-screen collagen for ZooMS analysis in archaeology","authors":"M. Di Matteo , K. McGrath , C. Lemorini , S. Nunziante-Cesaro , S. Soncin","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last decades, archaeology has witnessed a significant increase in the use of biomolecular analyses to study a variety of materials, including skeletal elements, as they are frequently preserved in archaeological deposits and directly linked to cultural and economic dynamics of ancient human populations. Radiocarbon dating, isotopic studies, and proteomic analyses are particularly useful to explore these questions, while their success is highly dependent on the state of preservation of collagen, the most abundant component of the organic fraction of skeletal elements. Over time collagen degrades, and its preservation is often compromised in very ancient archaeological contexts or when taphonomic processes are particularly severe, which can significantly limit the feasibility of subsequent biomolecular analyses.</div><div>The aim of this study is to test whether external reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ER-FTIR) can serve as a rapid, non-destructive pre-screening tool for assessing collagen preservation prior to ZooMS analysis. To evaluate the method's effectiveness, various faunal bone fragments were selected from different archaeological contexts (e.g., rock shelters, pits in dune fields, etc.) located in the Central Sahara (SW Libya), dating to the Middle and Late Holocene (8300–3400 cal BP). The bone fragments were first subjected to ER-FTIR analysis and then to ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) to compare the results and assess the presence of collagen in the samples.</div><div>Our results indicate that collagen was detected in about one-third of the samples, consistently associated with specific spectral features and further validated by ZooMS analyses. The method effectively distinguished well-preserved from poorly preserved samples while avoiding destructive sampling. This pre-screening approach reduces time and financial costs and safeguards the integrity of archaeological bones. Beyond its practical application, it also contributes to bioarchaeology and conservation science by providing a reproducible, non-destructive framework for evaluating biomolecular preservation across different sites and periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining biological sex is pivotal for archaeological and forensic studies, providing insights into past societies, burial practices, and population demographics. Traditional methods, such as morphological analysis and DNA-based techniques, face limitations, including inconclusive results for juveniles, contamination, and genetic material degradation. Additionally, these approaches often involve significant destruction of artifacts, raising ethical concerns. Dental proteomics has emerged as a robust alternative, utilizing the stability of enamel-bound proteins, such as amelogenin isoforms (AMELx and AMELy). However, current sampling techniques are invasive, requiring substantial material removal and risking the integrity of culturally significant specimens.
Results
This study introduces a novel, minimally invasive technique for enamel protein sampling using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based highly viscous polymeric dispersion (HVPD). Acting as an elastic gel-like system, HVPD enables in-situ digestion and efficient extraction of proteins without compromising the tooth's structural integrity. The method was successfully applied to contemporary and archaeological samples, demonstrating effective recovery of amelogenin isoforms, reduced contamination risk, and compatibility with degraded specimens. This minimally invasive approach achieves reliable detection of all key amelogenin markers required for sex determination, matching the analytical outcome of conventional destructive protocols while preserving specimen integrity.’
Significance
This methodology offers transformative potential for archaeology, anthropology, and forensic science, bridging scientific innovation with ethical stewardship. By preserving the physical and cultural integrity of artifacts, it addresses a critical need for sustainable research practices. Reliable biological sex determination in challenging contexts expands the scope of proteomic applications, providing new insights into past societies while safeguarding irreplaceable heritage for future generations.
{"title":"In-situ digestion and micro-destructive sampling for dental proteomic sex determination analysis using polyvinylalcohol-based gel","authors":"Enrico Greco , Matteo Battistella , Elia Marin , Andrea Casini , Leonardo Bellandi , Caterina Gabriele , Alessandro Miani , Prisco Piscitelli , Cătălin A. Lazăr , Pierluigi Barbieri , Rodorico Giorgi , Marco Gaspari","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Determining biological sex is pivotal for archaeological and forensic studies, providing insights into past societies, burial practices, and population demographics. Traditional methods, such as morphological analysis and DNA-based techniques, face limitations, including inconclusive results for juveniles, contamination, and genetic material degradation. Additionally, these approaches often involve significant destruction of artifacts, raising ethical concerns. Dental proteomics has emerged as a robust alternative, utilizing the stability of enamel-bound proteins, such as amelogenin isoforms (AMELx and AMELy). However, current sampling techniques are invasive, requiring substantial material removal and risking the integrity of culturally significant specimens.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study introduces a novel, minimally invasive technique for enamel protein sampling using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based highly viscous polymeric dispersion (HVPD). Acting as an elastic gel-like system, HVPD enables in-situ digestion and efficient extraction of proteins without compromising the tooth's structural integrity. The method was successfully applied to contemporary and archaeological samples, demonstrating effective recovery of amelogenin isoforms, reduced contamination risk, and compatibility with degraded specimens. This minimally invasive approach achieves reliable detection of all key amelogenin markers required for sex determination, matching the analytical outcome of conventional destructive protocols while preserving specimen integrity.’</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This methodology offers transformative potential for archaeology, anthropology, and forensic science, bridging scientific innovation with ethical stewardship. By preserving the physical and cultural integrity of artifacts, it addresses a critical need for sustainable research practices. Reliable biological sex determination in challenging contexts expands the scope of proteomic applications, providing new insights into past societies while safeguarding irreplaceable heritage for future generations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.003
Lorena Zaragoza , Josep Benedito , Jose Manuel Melchor , Elisabetta Interdonato , M.-Carmen Juan
The excavation of funerary urns is a delicate and complex archaeological task that demands both technical skill and cultural sensitivity. However, hands-on training with real urns is limited due to their fragility and scarcity. This research presents the design, development, and evaluation of a novel augmented reality (AR) application that simulates the micro-excavation of funerary urns in the laboratory for archaeology students. The AR application digitally replicates authentic archaeological objects and excavation procedures, creating an immersive learning environment that preserves the integrity of original artifacts. By digitalizing real archaeological materials, our approach ensures high fidelity and accuracy, allowing students to engage with realistic replicas that enhance both educational value and cultural heritage preservation. The application was developed within the context of the European project ArchaeoPills, focused on practical archaeological training in higher education. The application was validated in an international archaeology course attended by 19 students. The following conclusions are drawn from the data obtained in the study and subsequently analyzed. The AR application effectively supported knowledge acquisition. The students reported a low perceived workload and an excellent user experience. The results for all of the variables analyzed were independent of gender and age. Correlation analysis shows that: (1) higher workload is associated with lower user experience; (2) cognitive and emotional strain (e.g., frustration, effort) reduces presence; and (3) presence increases with lower frustration, greater usability, and balanced cognitive demands. Our proposal bridges theoretical knowledge and practical experience while promoting cultural heritage through hands-on, repeatable training. The findings highlight the potential of AR to transform archaeological education and promote wider cultural heritage dissemination and conservation.
{"title":"Exploring funerary heritage through augmented reality: A training application for the micro-excavation of funerary urns in the laboratory","authors":"Lorena Zaragoza , Josep Benedito , Jose Manuel Melchor , Elisabetta Interdonato , M.-Carmen Juan","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excavation of funerary urns is a delicate and complex archaeological task that demands both technical skill and cultural sensitivity. However, hands-on training with real urns is limited due to their fragility and scarcity. This research presents the design, development, and evaluation of a novel augmented reality (AR) application that simulates the micro-excavation of funerary urns in the laboratory for archaeology students. The AR application digitally replicates authentic archaeological objects and excavation procedures, creating an immersive learning environment that preserves the integrity of original artifacts. By digitalizing real archaeological materials, our approach ensures high fidelity and accuracy, allowing students to engage with realistic replicas that enhance both educational value and cultural heritage preservation. The application was developed within the context of the European project ArchaeoPills, focused on practical archaeological training in higher education. The application was validated in an international archaeology course attended by 19 students. The following conclusions are drawn from the data obtained in the study and subsequently analyzed. The AR application effectively supported knowledge acquisition. The students reported a low perceived workload and an excellent user experience. The results for all of the variables analyzed were independent of gender and age. Correlation analysis shows that: (1) higher workload is associated with lower user experience; (2) cognitive and emotional strain (e.g., frustration, effort) reduces presence; and (3) presence increases with lower frustration, greater usability, and balanced cognitive demands. Our proposal bridges theoretical knowledge and practical experience while promoting cultural heritage through hands-on, repeatable training. The findings highlight the potential of AR to transform archaeological education and promote wider cultural heritage dissemination and conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-03-11DOI: 10.1016/S1296-2074(26)00047-6
{"title":"ours Elsevier","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2074(26)00047-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2074(26)00047-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Page iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.007
Linjie Cai , Tong Luo , Hangjian Wang , Tianying Chen , Chen Yu , Yanjun Tang
Deacidification is a well-established conservation methodology for prolonging the stability of aged paper. However, most existing deacidification techniques suffer from low efficiency, risk of physical damage to paper, and environmental concerns. In the present work, a mild, efficient and environmentally friendly aerosol-based deacidification strategy was proposed to minimize aged paper damage, enhance mechanical strength, and prolong service life. This method atomized aqueous solutions of calcium propionate (CP) and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant into micron-sized aerosol particles, which were uniformly deposited onto paper surfaces to effectively neutralize acids. Comparative analysis revealed that treatment time and CP concentration were the key determinants of deacidification efficacy. Under optimal conditions (12 h, 15% CP), the pH value of deacidified paper increased from 3.70 to 7.40, accompanied by 16.65% and 14.22% improvements in tensile index and tear index, respectively. Furthermore, accelerated aging tests showed that the deacidified paper retained alkalinity (pH > 6.50), an alkaline reserve of 0.28 mol/kg, and experienced a cellulose DP reduction of <0.25%, indicating that the deacidification effectively preserved both chemical integrity and long-term stability. Therefore, this approach efficiently suppresses cellulose hydrolysis, and provides a promising strategy for prolonging the lifespan of paper-based cultural heritage.
{"title":"A mild and efficient aerosol-based strategy integrated with calcium propionate for deacidification and strengthening of aged paper","authors":"Linjie Cai , Tong Luo , Hangjian Wang , Tianying Chen , Chen Yu , Yanjun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deacidification is a well-established conservation methodology for prolonging the stability of aged paper. However, most existing deacidification techniques suffer from low efficiency, risk of physical damage to paper, and environmental concerns. In the present work, a mild, efficient and environmentally friendly aerosol-based deacidification strategy was proposed to minimize aged paper damage, enhance mechanical strength, and prolong service life. This method atomized aqueous solutions of calcium propionate (CP) and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant into micron-sized aerosol particles, which were uniformly deposited onto paper surfaces to effectively neutralize acids. Comparative analysis revealed that treatment time and CP concentration were the key determinants of deacidification efficacy. Under optimal conditions (12 h, 15% CP), the pH value of deacidified paper increased from 3.70 to 7.40, accompanied by 16.65% and 14.22% improvements in tensile index and tear index, respectively. Furthermore, accelerated aging tests showed that the deacidified paper retained alkalinity (pH > 6.50), an alkaline reserve of 0.28 mol/kg, and experienced a cellulose DP reduction of <0.25%, indicating that the deacidification effectively preserved both chemical integrity and long-term stability. Therefore, this approach efficiently suppresses cellulose hydrolysis, and provides a promising strategy for prolonging the lifespan of paper-based cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 207-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research seeks to explore the impact of adding Halloysite nanoclay (HNC) and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) of different concentrations (0.5% and 1%) to hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel G 1%) on the consolidation’s efficiency of plain and dyed cotton samples. In this paper, the retention of the consolidation solutions within plain and dyed cotton fabric, the colorimetric measurement, mechanical properties determination, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to investigate the consolidation’s efficiency and to select the appropriate consolidation solution. The results suggest that dyed cotton samples, especially Madder-dyed samples, treated with (Klucel G1%/HNC 1%) exhibit improvements in mechanical properties, without color, morphological, and chemical changes.
本研究旨在探讨在羟丙基纤维素（Klucel G 1%）中添加不同浓度（0.5%和1%）的高岭土纳米粘土（HNC）和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）对普通棉和染色棉样品固结效率的影响。本文采用比色法、力学性能测定、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、x射线能谱仪（EDX）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等方法研究了固结液在纯棉和染色棉织物中的固结效果，并对固结液的选择进行了研究。结果表明，经（Klucel G1%/HNC 1%）处理的染色棉，特别是茜草染色棉，在没有颜色、形态和化学变化的情况下，力学性能得到改善。
{"title":"Evaluation of hydroxypropyl cellulose nanocomposites in consolidation of dyed archaeological and historical cotton textiles","authors":"Safa Abdelkader Mohamed Hamed , Duaa Mohamed Mohamed Abouzeid , Wael Sabry Mohamed , Manal Abdel-Moneim","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research seeks to explore the impact of adding Halloysite nanoclay (HNC) and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) of different concentrations (0.5% and 1%) to hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel G 1%) on the consolidation’s efficiency of plain and dyed cotton samples. In this paper, the retention of the consolidation solutions within plain and dyed cotton fabric, the colorimetric measurement, mechanical properties determination, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to investigate the consolidation’s efficiency and to select the appropriate consolidation solution. The results suggest that dyed cotton samples, especially Madder-dyed samples, treated with (Klucel G1%/HNC 1%) exhibit improvements in mechanical properties, without color, morphological, and chemical changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.006
T. Rivas , L. Espiño , S. Pozo-Antonio , C. López
This work presents the results of the characterization of Mn-rich black crusts developed on granite in a Galician Romanesque monastery and the initial experiments aimed at their removal. Once the crusts were characterized from a chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological point of view, several in situ cleaning methods was performed: microabrasion, a Nd:YAG laser and chemical cleaning processes (aqua regia, EDTA, oxalic acid, gallic acid and formic acid solutions). An in situ analytical methodology based on optical microscopy, colour spectrophotometry, LIBS and Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize the cleaning effectiveness and the side effects exerted in the granite underneath. Among all the methods, saturated oxalic acid proved to be the most effective, although slight calcium contamination was detected. In contrast, less effective methods such as laser cleaning and microabrasion resulted in textural alterations in the granite.
{"title":"Black manganese crusts on Galician Romanesque buildings: first analytical data on characterization and cleaning","authors":"T. Rivas , L. Espiño , S. Pozo-Antonio , C. López","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the results of the characterization of Mn-rich black crusts developed on granite in a Galician Romanesque monastery and the initial experiments aimed at their removal. Once the crusts were characterized from a chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological point of view, several <em>in situ</em> cleaning methods was performed: microabrasion, a Nd:YAG laser and chemical cleaning processes (aqua regia, EDTA, oxalic acid, gallic acid and formic acid solutions). An <em>in situ</em> analytical methodology based on optical microscopy, colour spectrophotometry, LIBS and Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize the cleaning effectiveness and the side effects exerted in the granite underneath. Among all the methods, saturated oxalic acid proved to be the most effective, although slight calcium contamination was detected. In contrast, less effective methods such as laser cleaning and microabrasion resulted in textural alterations in the granite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 21-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.005
Yinuo Ding , Gilda Russo , Dazhi Yang , Stefano Sfarra , Hai Zhang
This study proposes a novel semi-automatic registration framework that performs three-dimensional registration of two infrared datasets acquired under solar loading thermography (SLT) on a complex-surfaced ancient bronze helmet. The datasets are collected on two days that are 17 years apart, from different viewing angles under natural light excitation. The data pre-processing sequence includes fast iterative filtering for denoising, principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction, and optical distortion correction. The proposed framework employs a dynamic weight-optimized perspective transformation that integrates manually selected matching points with residual-based real-time iterative weight optimization. This approach ensures robust registration while enhancing efficiency. The final results indicate that the method effectively compensates for viewpoint variations under complex conditions, ensuring accurate feature registration of the datasets. Such precise registration provides researchers with a reliable foundation for detailed analysis of thermal anomalies and material degradation.
{"title":"Advanced dynamic weight-optimized semi-automatic 3D registration of SLT infrared datasets spanning 17 years: A case study on a complex-surfaced ancient bronze helmet","authors":"Yinuo Ding , Gilda Russo , Dazhi Yang , Stefano Sfarra , Hai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel semi-automatic registration framework that performs three-dimensional registration of two infrared datasets acquired under solar loading thermography (SLT) on a complex-surfaced ancient bronze helmet. The datasets are collected on two days that are 17 years apart, from different viewing angles under natural light excitation. The data pre-processing sequence includes fast iterative filtering for denoising, principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction, and optical distortion correction. The proposed framework employs a dynamic weight-optimized perspective transformation that integrates manually selected matching points with residual-based real-time iterative weight optimization. This approach ensures robust registration while enhancing efficiency. The final results indicate that the method effectively compensates for viewpoint variations under complex conditions, ensuring accurate feature registration of the datasets. Such precise registration provides researchers with a reliable foundation for detailed analysis of thermal anomalies and material degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.010
Jiaojiao Liu , Zhi Luo , Jianghua Wei , Yi Li , Junchang Yang , Ran Chen
Adhesives play a vital role in the restoration, reinforcement, and stabilization of cultural heritage, yet their use is challenged by inherent trade-offs: performance versus substrate compatibility, bonding strength versus reversibility, and durability versus environmental stability. These conflicts complicate the pursuit of both scientific rigor and sustainability in conservation. This review surveys adhesive applications across diverse heritage substrates—including stone, wood, painted artifacts, ceramics, textiles, metals, and paper—with emphasis on bonding mechanisms and key performance criteria. It reassesses traditional materials such as glutinous rice mortar and animal glue through modern analytical perspectives, and evaluates the advancement and limitations of synthetic polymers, notably acrylic and epoxy resins. Emerging technologies are examined, including nanocomposite systems for enhanced compatibility and mechanical integrity, bio-based and biomimetic adhesives for green conservation, and smart or self-healing materials addressing reversibility challenges. Recent progress in analytical techniques for characterizing ancient adhesives and understanding environmental degradation mechanisms is also reviewed. The paper concludes by identifying critical challenges and future directions, underscoring interdisciplinary innovation and sustainability as essential drivers for next-generation adhesive development aligned with conservation ethics. This framework aims to guide research toward materials that combine high performance, compatibility, and ethical compliance.
{"title":"Adhesives for cultural heritage conservation: Functions, performance evaluation, and application development","authors":"Jiaojiao Liu , Zhi Luo , Jianghua Wei , Yi Li , Junchang Yang , Ran Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesives play a vital role in the restoration, reinforcement, and stabilization of cultural heritage, yet their use is challenged by inherent trade-offs: performance versus substrate compatibility, bonding strength versus reversibility, and durability versus environmental stability. These conflicts complicate the pursuit of both scientific rigor and sustainability in conservation. This review surveys adhesive applications across diverse heritage substrates—including stone, wood, painted artifacts, ceramics, textiles, metals, and paper—with emphasis on bonding mechanisms and key performance criteria. It reassesses traditional materials such as glutinous rice mortar and animal glue through modern analytical perspectives, and evaluates the advancement and limitations of synthetic polymers, notably acrylic and epoxy resins. Emerging technologies are examined, including nanocomposite systems for enhanced compatibility and mechanical integrity, bio-based and biomimetic adhesives for green conservation, and smart or self-healing materials addressing reversibility challenges. Recent progress in analytical techniques for characterizing ancient adhesives and understanding environmental degradation mechanisms is also reviewed. The paper concludes by identifying critical challenges and future directions, underscoring interdisciplinary innovation and sustainability as essential drivers for next-generation adhesive development aligned with conservation ethics. This framework aims to guide research toward materials that combine high performance, compatibility, and ethical compliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 100-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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