{"title":"Transformation of nonlinear discrete-time state equations into the observer form: revision","authors":"T. Mullari, Ü. Kotta","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Regardless of the health status, patient well-being is important. Well-being is a broad concept ranging from traditional biomedical views to a holistic view of health that includes physical, psychological, social and religious factors. When a person is ill or has a chronic disease, well-being is affected and is thus linked to any health-related life experience. Ensuring and enhancing well-being is one of the main goals of nursing. This quantitative cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the time spent on physical, psychological, social and religious nursing activities, and the achievement of goals set by nurses in their daily work in terms of patient well-being in Estonia. The study was conducted in three stages: in 1999 (study I), 2009 (study II) and 2021 (study III). A total of 904 nurses participated in these three consecutive studies: study I, n = 490; study II, n = 204; and study III, n = 210. The inclusion criteria were a nursing profession and a work experience of at least one year. In conclusion, the proportion of somatic, mental, social and religious problems among patients increased. Inclusive, universal and comprehensive nursing activities were essential in achieving patient well-being. Nurses considered the achievement of goals characteristic of physical nursing as the most important aspect of their daily work, followed by mental and social nursing activities. The contribution of religious nursing activities was noticeably limited. Whether patient well-being could be achieved by directing nursing activities towards physical nursing remained unclear. The study was a systematic and comprehensive overview of the development of nursing care in Estonia and aimed to contribute to improving patient well-being by planning nursing activities.
． 不管病人的健康状况如何，病人的幸福都是重要的。幸福是一个广泛的概念，从传统的生物医学观点到健康的整体观点，包括身体、心理、社会和宗教因素。当一个人生病或患有慢性疾病时，幸福就会受到影响，因此与任何与健康有关的生活经历有关。确保和增进健康是护理的主要目标之一。这个定量的横断面研究旨在评估在身体，心理，社会和宗教护理活动中花费的时间之间的关系，以及护士在爱沙尼亚患者福祉方面的日常工作中设定的目标的实现。研究分三个阶段进行:1999年(研究一)、2009年(研究二)和2021年(研究三)，共904名护士参加了这三个连续的研究:研究一，n = 490;研究II, n = 204;研究III, n = 210。纳入标准为护理专业和至少一年的工作经验。综上所述，患者中躯体、精神、社会和宗教问题的比例有所增加。包容、普遍和全面的护理活动对实现患者健康至关重要。护士认为身体护理目标的实现是其日常工作中最重要的方面，其次是心理和社会护理活动。宗教护理活动的贡献明显有限。是否病人的福祉可以实现指导护理活动对物理护理仍然不清楚。该研究是爱沙尼亚护理发展的系统和全面概述，旨在通过规划护理活动促进改善患者福祉。
{"title":"Daily nursing activities in relation to patient well-being: a serial cross-sectional study","authors":"U. Kõrgemaa, M. Sisask, Ü. Ernits","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.3.10","url":null,"abstract":". Regardless of the health status, patient well-being is important. Well-being is a broad concept ranging from traditional biomedical views to a holistic view of health that includes physical, psychological, social and religious factors. When a person is ill or has a chronic disease, well-being is affected and is thus linked to any health-related life experience. Ensuring and enhancing well-being is one of the main goals of nursing. This quantitative cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the time spent on physical, psychological, social and religious nursing activities, and the achievement of goals set by nurses in their daily work in terms of patient well-being in Estonia. The study was conducted in three stages: in 1999 (study I), 2009 (study II) and 2021 (study III). A total of 904 nurses participated in these three consecutive studies: study I, n = 490; study II, n = 204; and study III, n = 210. The inclusion criteria were a nursing profession and a work experience of at least one year. In conclusion, the proportion of somatic, mental, social and religious problems among patients increased. Inclusive, universal and comprehensive nursing activities were essential in achieving patient well-being. Nurses considered the achievement of goals characteristic of physical nursing as the most important aspect of their daily work, followed by mental and social nursing activities. The contribution of religious nursing activities was noticeably limited. Whether patient well-being could be achieved by directing nursing activities towards physical nursing remained unclear. The study was a systematic and comprehensive overview of the development of nursing care in Estonia and aimed to contribute to improving patient well-being by planning nursing activities.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Miljković, S. Ilic, D. Radosavljević, S. Pitulić
{"title":"Application of nonlinear regression in recognizing distribution of signals in wireless channels","authors":"D. Miljković, S. Ilic, D. Radosavljević, S. Pitulić","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A brief overview of the development of biosensors at the University of Tartu – theory meeting practical applications","authors":"T Rinken","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kööp, Ü. Ernits, A. Vauhkonen, J. Kommusaar, M. Raiv, T. Saaranen
. Health care education is facing common challenges of the education sector, such as ageing staff, time pressures, digitalization, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is part of a larger participatory international action research titled Developing Occupational Well-Being of Health Care Teachers in Estonia, 2021–2023 . The objective of the study is to describe and evaluate health care teachers’ occupational well-being at the pretest phase of the action research project, as well as to describe the occupational well-being development plan and related development activities at Tallinn Health Care College. The data were collected from health care teachers by an electronical survey (n = 46, response rate 46%). The quantitative data were analysed by statistical methods and qualitative data by deductive-inductive analysis. In general, the teachers were satisfied with their physical environment. Many considered their work important, and they were also satisfied with working time arrangements. Based on the pretest results, an occupational well-being development plan was created. Improving communication and ergonomics were established as the main objectives in the development strategy. These improvement activities will be part of the college’s new development plan. Various activities have been planned to promote occupational well-being. These activities have already begun as seminars on communication, bullying, and ergonomics in the workplace and home office. The information can be utilized to develop long-term occupational well-being at Tallinn Health Care College. The results and good practices can enhance decision-making and education at local, regional, national, and international levels.
{"title":"Occupational well-being of health care teachers – action research at Tallinn Health Care College","authors":"K. Kööp, Ü. Ernits, A. Vauhkonen, J. Kommusaar, M. Raiv, T. Saaranen","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.3.11","url":null,"abstract":". Health care education is facing common challenges of the education sector, such as ageing staff, time pressures, digitalization, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is part of a larger participatory international action research titled Developing Occupational Well-Being of Health Care Teachers in Estonia, 2021–2023 . The objective of the study is to describe and evaluate health care teachers’ occupational well-being at the pretest phase of the action research project, as well as to describe the occupational well-being development plan and related development activities at Tallinn Health Care College. The data were collected from health care teachers by an electronical survey (n = 46, response rate 46%). The quantitative data were analysed by statistical methods and qualitative data by deductive-inductive analysis. In general, the teachers were satisfied with their physical environment. Many considered their work important, and they were also satisfied with working time arrangements. Based on the pretest results, an occupational well-being development plan was created. Improving communication and ergonomics were established as the main objectives in the development strategy. These improvement activities will be part of the college’s new development plan. Various activities have been planned to promote occupational well-being. These activities have already begun as seminars on communication, bullying, and ergonomics in the workplace and home office. The information can be utilized to develop long-term occupational well-being at Tallinn Health Care College. The results and good practices can enhance decision-making and education at local, regional, national, and international levels.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are key to improving access to timely care at the local level and to ensuring quality, innovation, and developments in healthcare in Europe and worldwide. As we begin the process of implementing APNs in the Estonian healthcare system, it is necessary to understand what roles are attributed to APNs within the nursing profession in order to distinguish them from the roles of other healthcare professionals in the country. Therefore, qualitative longitudinal research was conducted to describe and understand how APN students identify their higher-level roles in their specialities and positions. 183 narrative essays written by the APN students in the second semester of their master’s studies in Health Sciences at Tallinn Health Care College were analysed using inductive content analysis. Eight roles of APNs were revealed as observed by the students themselves: the continuously evolving direct care provider, the experience counsellor, the improving practitioner, the team player, the fighter and the advocate, the developer and the promoter, the leader, and the advancer on the move. From this we can conclude that APN students are already experienced and focused on clinical practice and evidence-based activities as a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) while they have acquired and apply all the other core competencies of an Advanced Practise Nurse. The period of the COVID-19 pandemic and developing advanced practice has significantly increased the APN students’ ability to work in and lead teams, and their courage to protect the rights of patients and nurses.
{"title":"The evolving roles of the Advanced Practice Nurse in postgraduate studies","authors":"K. Rannus, D. Weir-Hughes","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.3.04","url":null,"abstract":". Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are key to improving access to timely care at the local level and to ensuring quality, innovation, and developments in healthcare in Europe and worldwide. As we begin the process of implementing APNs in the Estonian healthcare system, it is necessary to understand what roles are attributed to APNs within the nursing profession in order to distinguish them from the roles of other healthcare professionals in the country. Therefore, qualitative longitudinal research was conducted to describe and understand how APN students identify their higher-level roles in their specialities and positions. 183 narrative essays written by the APN students in the second semester of their master’s studies in Health Sciences at Tallinn Health Care College were analysed using inductive content analysis. Eight roles of APNs were revealed as observed by the students themselves: the continuously evolving direct care provider, the experience counsellor, the improving practitioner, the team player, the fighter and the advocate, the developer and the promoter, the leader, and the advancer on the move. From this we can conclude that APN students are already experienced and focused on clinical practice and evidence-based activities as a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) while they have acquired and apply all the other core competencies of an Advanced Practise Nurse. The period of the COVID-19 pandemic and developing advanced practice has significantly increased the APN students’ ability to work in and lead teams, and their courage to protect the rights of patients and nurses.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a unital associative algebra, which is motivated by a generalization of the Pauli exclusion principle proposed within the framework of the quark model. The generators of this algebra satisfy the following relations: The sum of squares of all generators is equal to zero (binary relation) and the sum of cyclic permutations of factors in any triple product of generators is equal to zero (ternary relations). We study the structure of this algebra and calculate the dimensions of spaces spanned by homogeneous monomials. It is shown how the algebra we propose is related to irreducible representations of the rotation group. Particularly we show that the 10-dimensional space spanned by triple monomials is the space of a double irreducible unitary representation of the rotation group. We use ternary q - and ¯ q -commutators, where q, ¯ q are primitive 3rd order roots of unity, to split the 10-dimensional space spanned by triple monomials into a direct sum of two 5-dimensional subspaces. We endow these subspaces with a Hermitian scalar product by means of an orthonormal basis of triple monomials. In each subspace there is an irreducible unitary representation so (3) → su (5) . We calculate the matrix of this representation and the structure of matrix indicates a possible connection between our algebra and the Georgi-Glashow model.
{"title":"Algebra with ternary cyclic relations, representations and quark model","authors":"Viktor Abramov, Stefan Groote, Priit L¨att","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a unital associative algebra, which is motivated by a generalization of the Pauli exclusion principle proposed within the framework of the quark model. The generators of this algebra satisfy the following relations: The sum of squares of all generators is equal to zero (binary relation) and the sum of cyclic permutations of factors in any triple product of generators is equal to zero (ternary relations). We study the structure of this algebra and calculate the dimensions of spaces spanned by homogeneous monomials. It is shown how the algebra we propose is related to irreducible representations of the rotation group. Particularly we show that the 10-dimensional space spanned by triple monomials is the space of a double irreducible unitary representation of the rotation group. We use ternary q - and ¯ q -commutators, where q, ¯ q are primitive 3rd order roots of unity, to split the 10-dimensional space spanned by triple monomials into a direct sum of two 5-dimensional subspaces. We endow these subspaces with a Hermitian scalar product by means of an orthonormal basis of triple monomials. In each subspace there is an irreducible unitary representation so (3) → su (5) . We calculate the matrix of this representation and the structure of matrix indicates a possible connection between our algebra and the Georgi-Glashow model.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive modelling and simulation for taming the chance and luck in biologics drug discovery","authors":"A Sepp","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyphenolic compounds in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grown in Estonia","authors":"","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Due to the complexity of control mechanisms, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerial vehicles have not found their way into widespread commercial use. Thanks to the availability of advanced technology, it is possible to develop simpler systems. Such systems could be used in transportation, the military, surveillance, etc. The research work is aimed at proposing an automatic stabilisation control algorithm solution for the VTOL hover flight phase. A critical analysis of the existing research work on a similar topic is provided. A flight platform and a suitable test bench for non-destructive tests were developed and presented in the current paper. The flight platform actuator system consists of two counter-rotating electric ducted fan (EDF) thrust motors and two servo systems that control pitch and roll movements. Moreover, the paper presents control algorithm development, structure, and experiments that confirm the proposed solutions. The results of the research work provide a solid foundation for developing the VTOL aerial vehicle, and the test bench prototype demonstrates a concept that can be further used on various flight platforms.
{"title":"Development and testing of vertical take-off and landing aerial vehicle with tandem electric ducted fan motor","authors":"K. Pütsep, T. Nerep, H. Tiismus, A. Rassõlkin","doi":"10.3176/proc.2023.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2023.2.08","url":null,"abstract":". Due to the complexity of control mechanisms, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerial vehicles have not found their way into widespread commercial use. Thanks to the availability of advanced technology, it is possible to develop simpler systems. Such systems could be used in transportation, the military, surveillance, etc. The research work is aimed at proposing an automatic stabilisation control algorithm solution for the VTOL hover flight phase. A critical analysis of the existing research work on a similar topic is provided. A flight platform and a suitable test bench for non-destructive tests were developed and presented in the current paper. The flight platform actuator system consists of two counter-rotating electric ducted fan (EDF) thrust motors and two servo systems that control pitch and roll movements. Moreover, the paper presents control algorithm development, structure, and experiments that confirm the proposed solutions. The results of the research work provide a solid foundation for developing the VTOL aerial vehicle, and the test bench prototype demonstrates a concept that can be further used on various flight platforms.","PeriodicalId":54577,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69934445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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