JFO Open Ophthalmology最新文献

Clinical characterization of ocular trauma: a six-month multi-center analysis from Ministry of Health hospitals in Malaysia 眼外伤的临床特征：来自马来西亚卫生部医院的六个月多中心分析

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100190

Haizul Ikhwan Murat , Pei Xuan Kuan , Mohamad Aziz Salowi , Mohan Dass Pathmanathan , Siti Nurhafizah Saharudin , Mohamad Asyraf Jamilol Nasir , Nor Fariza Ngah , Malaysian Ocular Trauma Research Study Group (MOTR)

Introduction

Ocular trauma is a leading cause of preventable monocular blindness worldwide and imposes significant socioeconomic burdens. This study aims to describe the demographic patterns, trauma profiles, mechanisms of injury, and spectrum of ocular injuries across Malaysia's Ministry of Health (MOH) ophthalmology services.

Materials and methods

We prospectively collected data from MOH facilities with ophthalmology services on patient demographics, trauma profiles, mechanisms of injury, baseline eye assessment, use of eye protection, foreign bodies, and details of patients with various ocular injuries. The spectrum of ocular injuries was classified as trivial or severe based on presenting visual acuity, further complications, the need for surgical intervention, frequent follow-up, and ward admission.

Results

A total of 2,347 ocular trauma cases were reported across six regions in Malaysia. Ocular trauma predominantly affected males (over 80%), with a mean age of approximately 35 years. Workplace injuries were the most common in trivial cases (36.0%), while domestic injuries were more frequently associated with severe cases (30.3%). Most injuries were accidental, often involving metallic or sharp objects. The use of eye protection was low, at 13.1% in trivial cases and 5.5% in severe cases. Severe injuries were significantly associated with poorer initial visual acuity, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), and higher likelihood of requiring surgery (55.5%). Common presentations included corneal foreign bodies (trivial) and lid lacerations, full-thickness corneal wounds, and orbital fractures (severe).

Conclusion

This first nationwide study of ocular trauma in Malaysia identifies key risk groups and injury patterns, highlighting needs for focused public health interventions. These findings support the creation of a national ocular trauma registry and reinforce the importance of public education and occupational eye safety measures for preventable vision loss. However, these findings need to be interpreted cautiously, as private hospital cases were not included, and our findings may not reflect the whole picture.

眼外伤是世界范围内可预防性单眼失明的主要原因，并造成重大的社会经济负担。本研究旨在描述马来西亚卫生部（MOH）眼科服务部门的人口统计模式、创伤概况、损伤机制和眼损伤谱。材料和方法我们前瞻性地收集了来自卫生部眼科服务机构的患者人口统计、创伤概况、损伤机制、基线视力评估、护眼使用、异物和各种眼部损伤患者的详细资料。根据患者的视力、并发症、是否需要手术干预、频繁随访和住院情况，将眼部损伤分为轻微或严重。结果马来西亚6个地区共报告了2,347例眼外伤病例。眼外伤主要影响男性（超过80%），平均年龄约为35岁。工作场所伤害在轻微案件中最为常见（36.0%），而家庭伤害在严重案件中更为常见（30.3%）。大多数伤害是意外，通常涉及金属或尖锐物体。护眼设备的使用率较低，轻微病例为13.1%，重症病例为5.5%。严重损伤与较差的初始视力、相对传入瞳孔缺损（RAPD）和更高的手术可能性（55.5%）显著相关。常见的表现包括角膜异物（轻微）和眼睑撕裂，全层角膜伤口和眶骨折（严重）。这是马来西亚首个全国性的眼外伤研究，确定了关键风险群体和损伤模式，强调了重点公共卫生干预的需求。这些发现支持建立国家眼外伤登记处，并强调公众教育和职业眼安全措施对预防视力丧失的重要性。然而，这些发现需要谨慎解释，因为私立医院的病例不包括在内，我们的研究结果可能不能反映全部情况。

{"title":"Clinical characterization of ocular trauma: a six-month multi-center analysis from Ministry of Health hospitals in Malaysia","authors":"Haizul Ikhwan Murat , Pei Xuan Kuan , Mohamad Aziz Salowi , Mohan Dass Pathmanathan , Siti Nurhafizah Saharudin , Mohamad Asyraf Jamilol Nasir , Nor Fariza Ngah , Malaysian Ocular Trauma Research Study Group (MOTR)","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ocular trauma is a leading cause of preventable monocular blindness worldwide and imposes significant socioeconomic burdens. This study aims to describe the demographic patterns, trauma profiles, mechanisms of injury, and spectrum of ocular injuries across Malaysia's Ministry of Health (MOH) ophthalmology services.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We prospectively collected data from MOH facilities with ophthalmology services on patient demographics, trauma profiles, mechanisms of injury, baseline eye assessment, use of eye protection, foreign bodies, and details of patients with various ocular injuries. The spectrum of ocular injuries was classified as trivial or severe based on presenting visual acuity, further complications, the need for surgical intervention, frequent follow-up, and ward admission.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2,347 ocular trauma cases were reported across six regions in Malaysia. Ocular trauma predominantly affected males (over 80%), with a mean age of approximately 35 years. Workplace injuries were the most common in trivial cases (36.0%), while domestic injuries were more frequently associated with severe cases (30.3%). Most injuries were accidental, often involving metallic or sharp objects. The use of eye protection was low, at 13.1% in trivial cases and 5.5% in severe cases. Severe injuries were significantly associated with poorer initial visual acuity, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), and higher likelihood of requiring surgery (55.5%). Common presentations included corneal foreign bodies (trivial) and lid lacerations, full-thickness corneal wounds, and orbital fractures (severe).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This first nationwide study of ocular trauma in Malaysia identifies key risk groups and injury patterns, highlighting needs for focused public health interventions. These findings support the creation of a national ocular trauma registry and reinforce the importance of public education and occupational eye safety measures for preventable vision loss. However, these findings need to be interpreted cautiously, as private hospital cases were not included, and our findings may not reflect the whole picture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of Rebamipide in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis 利巴米胺治疗干眼病的有效性和安全性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100189

Mohamed Abo Zeid , Amr Elrosasy , Ahmad Alkheder , Raghad Samha , Ahmed W. Abbas , Shrouk F Mohamed , Faisal Naqadan , Hashem Abu Serhan

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rebamipide 1% and 2% in the management of dry eye disease (DED) compared to placebo or artificial tears (My Tears, Sodium Hyaluronate, or Diquafosol).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

This meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of Rebamipide, a medication known for gastric ulcer treatment, as an treatment for DED. A comprehensive literature search encompassed various databases. Inclusion criteria focused on high-quality evidence, namely RCTs, with a primary focus on outcomes such as tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score (FCS), and lissamine green conjunctival staining (LGCS) score.

Results

Thirteen studies were included, with diverse outcomes reported at 2, 4, and 8–12 weeks. Rebamipide demonstrated significant improvement compared to the control group in TBUT (MD = 0.47, 95% CI [0.15 to 0.79]), FCS (MD = −1.17, 95% CI [−1.81 to −0.53]), LGCS (MD = −1.73, 95% CI [−2.53 to −0.93]), and Schirmer’s test (MD = 1.05, 95% CI [0.16–1.95]). The overall risk ratio for adverse events favored the control group (RR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.10–1.77], P = 0.21).

Conclusion

Rebamipide is emerging as an effective treatment for DED, demonstrating improvements in various outcome measures. This meta-analysis provides valuable insights for all clinicians and researchers supporting informed decision-making and guiding future research endeavors in the management of DED.

目的评价1%和2%利巴米胺治疗干眼病（DED）与安慰剂或人工泪液（My tears、透明质酸钠或地喹福醇）的疗效和安全性。设计系统回顾和荟萃分析。方法：本荟萃分析遵循PRISMA 2020指南，系统回顾了随机对照试验，评估了用于治疗胃溃疡的药物利巴米胺治疗DED的疗效。全面的文献检索包括各种数据库。纳入标准侧重于高质量证据，即随机对照试验，主要关注泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、荧光素染色评分（FCS）和丽胺绿结膜染色评分（LGCS）等结果。结果纳入了13项研究，在2周、4周和8-12周时报告了不同的结果。与对照组相比，利巴米胺在TBUT （MD = 0.47, 95% CI[0.15 ~ 0.79]）、FCS （MD = - 1.17, 95% CI[- 1.81 ~ - 0.53]）、LGCS （MD = - 1.73, 95% CI[- 2.53 ~ - 0.93]）和Schirmer检验（MD = 1.05, 95% CI[0.16 ~ 1.95]）中表现出显著改善。不良事件的总风险比优于对照组（RR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.10-1.77], P = 0.21）。结论：利巴米胺是治疗DED的有效药物，各项指标均有改善。这项荟萃分析为所有临床医生和研究人员提供了有价值的见解，支持明智的决策，并指导未来在DED管理方面的研究工作。

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Rebamipide in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mohamed Abo Zeid , Amr Elrosasy , Ahmad Alkheder , Raghad Samha , Ahmed W. Abbas , Shrouk F Mohamed , Faisal Naqadan , Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rebamipide 1% and 2% in the management of dry eye disease (DED) compared to placebo or artificial tears (My Tears, Sodium Hyaluronate, or Diquafosol).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of Rebamipide, a medication known for gastric ulcer treatment, as an treatment for DED. A comprehensive literature search encompassed various databases. Inclusion criteria focused on high-quality evidence, namely RCTs, with a primary focus on outcomes such as tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score (FCS), and lissamine green conjunctival staining (LGCS) score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies were included, with diverse outcomes reported at 2, 4, and 8–12 weeks. Rebamipide demonstrated significant improvement compared to the control group in TBUT (MD = 0.47, 95% CI [0.15 to 0.79]), FCS (MD = −1.17, 95% CI [−1.81 to −0.53]), LGCS (MD = −1.73, 95% CI [−2.53 to −0.93]), and Schirmer’s test (MD = 1.05, 95% CI [0.16–1.95]). The overall risk ratio for adverse events favored the control group (RR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.10–1.77], P = 0.21).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rebamipide is emerging as an effective treatment for DED, demonstrating improvements in various outcome measures. This meta-analysis provides valuable insights for all clinicians and researchers supporting informed decision-making and guiding future research endeavors in the management of DED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Estimate Tear Meniscus Height Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and a Smartphone-Based Slit-Lamp Microscope 基于前段光学相干断层扫描和基于智能手机的裂隙灯显微镜估计撕裂半月板高度的人工智能算法的发展

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100185

Eisuke Shimizu , Takahiro Mizukami , Yuya Hori , Takanobu Inoue , Hiroki Nishimura , Shintaro Nakayama , Shinri Sato , Risa Hokama , Masatoshi Hirayama , Kazuno Negishi

Background and purpose

To enable tear meniscus height measurement independently of the clinical setting, we developed an artificial intelligence-based estimation model using a smartphone-mounted slit-lamp microscope (Smart Eye Camera) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography data.

Materials and methods

In this prospective study, we analyzed data from 533 eyes of 298 patients who visited Keio University Hospital between March 2021 and January 2025. On the same day, both anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Smart Eye Camera video recordings were obtained. Machine learning was performed using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine to estimate tear meniscus height based on these datasets.

Results

After appropriate preprocessing, the artificial intelligence model estimated tear meniscus height with a mean absolute error of 0.113 ± 0.094 mm and a mean squared error of 0.021 ± 0.035 mm, indicating moderate accuracy.

Conclusions

We successfully developed an artificial intelligence algorithm capable of estimating tear meniscus height from Smart Eye Camera video and anterior segment optical coherence tomography data by identifying relevant anatomical landmarks. Although the results are promising, the current estimation accuracy remains limited. Future work will focus on improving performance by incorporating additional features such as iris segmentation, increasing the number of training samples, and applying more advanced machine learning techniques. As the present study was conducted in a Japanese cohort, the findings should be interpreted within the context of an Asian population.

为了能够独立于临床环境进行撕裂半月板高度测量，我们利用安装在智能手机上的裂隙灯显微镜（智能眼相机）和前段光学相干断层扫描数据开发了一种基于人工智能的估计模型。在这项前瞻性研究中，我们分析了2021年3月至2025年1月期间在庆应义塾大学医院就诊的298名患者的533只眼睛的数据。同日，获得前段光学相干断层扫描和智能眼相机视频记录。基于这些数据集，使用光梯度增强机进行机器学习以估计撕裂半月板高度。结果人工智能模型经适当预处理后，估计撕裂半月板高度的平均绝对误差为0.113±0.094 mm，平均平方误差为0.021±0.035 mm，精度中等。我们成功开发了一种人工智能算法，该算法能够通过识别相关的解剖标志，从智能眼摄像机视频和前段光学相干断层扫描数据中估计撕裂半月板高度。虽然结果是有希望的，但目前的估计精度仍然有限。未来的工作将集中于通过结合虹膜分割等附加特征来提高性能，增加训练样本的数量，并应用更先进的机器学习技术。由于本研究是在日本人群中进行的，因此研究结果应该在亚洲人群的背景下进行解释。

{"title":"Development of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Estimate Tear Meniscus Height Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and a Smartphone-Based Slit-Lamp Microscope","authors":"Eisuke Shimizu , Takahiro Mizukami , Yuya Hori , Takanobu Inoue , Hiroki Nishimura , Shintaro Nakayama , Shinri Sato , Risa Hokama , Masatoshi Hirayama , Kazuno Negishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>To enable tear meniscus height measurement independently of the clinical setting, we developed an artificial intelligence-based estimation model using a smartphone-mounted slit-lamp microscope (Smart Eye Camera) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography data.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, we analyzed data from 533 eyes of 298 patients who visited Keio University Hospital between March 2021 and January 2025. On the same day, both anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Smart Eye Camera video recordings were obtained. Machine learning was performed using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine to estimate tear meniscus height based on these datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After appropriate preprocessing, the artificial intelligence model estimated tear meniscus height with a mean absolute error of 0.113 ± 0.094 mm and a mean squared error of 0.021 ± 0.035 mm, indicating moderate accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We successfully developed an artificial intelligence algorithm capable of estimating tear meniscus height from Smart Eye Camera video and anterior segment optical coherence tomography data by identifying relevant anatomical landmarks. Although the results are promising, the current estimation accuracy remains limited. Future work will focus on improving performance by incorporating additional features such as iris segmentation, increasing the number of training samples, and applying more advanced machine learning techniques. As the present study was conducted in a Japanese cohort, the findings should be interpreted within the context of an Asian population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100184

引用次数: 0

Impact of smoking on the ocular surface and tear film: A systematic review 吸烟对眼表和泪膜的影响：一项系统综述

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100182

Reshu Yadav , Dayashankar Rastogi , Vishwdeep Mishra , Pooja Gautam , Shivam Kumar , Santosh Kumar Yadav

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the influence of active smoking, secondhand smoke, and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on tear film stability and the health of the ocular surface with a goal of determining their role in Dry Eye Disease (DED).

Methods

A thorough literature search was conducted in prominent databases to yield clinical studies that have documented tear film parameters (Tear Break-Up Time, Schirmer test, tear osmolarity) and ocular surface changes in smokers, individuals exposed to secondhand smoke, and electronic cigarette users. Pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, eligible studies were identified, and heterogeneity was analyzed using the I² statistic.

Results

The aggregated data revealed that active and passive smokers exhibited significantly lower TBUT (SMD = −2.87) and Schirmer values (SMD = −2.79) and higher tear osmolarity (SMD = +12.55), reflective of severe tear film instability. Structural changes, such as greater central corneal staining, central corneal thinning, and lower corneal sensitivity, were also commonly observed. Similar but inhomogeneous patterns of ocular surface damage were found in e-cigarette users. Comparisons were made with other studies, such as those of Putri (2024), Harjanti and Indrawati (2024), Miglio et al. (2021), Dabas et al. (2025), and Zaib et al. (2023)—broadly consistent with these results, although variations in methodology and groups were responsible for some variation.

Conclusion

Tobacco exposure, in the form of conventional smoking, secondhand smoke, or e- cigarette use, has been linked to severe tear film dysfunction and ocular surface injury. These observations underscore the importance of early ophthalmic examination and smoking cessation counseling, particularly in high-risk individuals.

目的本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是评估主动吸烟、二手烟和使用电子烟（电子烟）对泪膜稳定性和眼表健康的影响，以确定它们在干眼病（DED）中的作用。方法在著名的数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，以获得记录吸烟者、二手烟暴露者和电子烟使用者的泪膜参数（泪液破裂时间、Schirmer试验、泪液渗透压）和眼表变化的临床研究。采用随机效应荟萃分析，确定符合条件的研究，并使用I²统计量分析异质性。结果主动吸烟者和被动吸烟者均表现出较低的TBUT （SMD = - 2.87）和Schirmer值（SMD = - 2.79），较高的泪液渗透压（SMD = +12.55），反映了严重的泪膜不稳定性。结构改变，如中央角膜染色加重，中央角膜变薄，角膜敏感性降低，也常被观察到。在电子烟使用者中发现了相似但不均匀的眼表损伤模式。与Putri（2024）、Harjanti和Indrawati（2024）、Miglio等人（2021）、Dabas等人（2025）和Zaib等人（2023）等人的研究进行了比较，结果与这些结果大致一致，尽管方法和群体的差异造成了一些差异。结论传统吸烟、二手烟或电子烟等形式的烟草暴露与严重的泪膜功能障碍和眼表损伤有关。这些观察结果强调了早期眼科检查和戒烟咨询的重要性，特别是在高危人群中。

{"title":"Impact of smoking on the ocular surface and tear film: A systematic review","authors":"Reshu Yadav , Dayashankar Rastogi , Vishwdeep Mishra , Pooja Gautam , Shivam Kumar , Santosh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the influence of active smoking, secondhand smoke, and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on tear film stability and the health of the ocular surface with a goal of determining their role in Dry Eye Disease (DED).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A thorough literature search was conducted in prominent databases to yield clinical studies that have documented tear film parameters (Tear Break-Up Time, Schirmer test, tear osmolarity) and ocular surface changes in smokers, individuals exposed to secondhand smoke, and electronic cigarette users. Pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, eligible studies were identified, and heterogeneity was analyzed using the I² statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The aggregated data revealed that active and passive smokers exhibited significantly lower TBUT (SMD = −2.87) and Schirmer values (SMD = −2.79) and higher tear osmolarity (SMD = +12.55), reflective of severe tear film instability. Structural changes, such as greater central corneal staining, central corneal thinning, and lower corneal sensitivity, were also commonly observed. Similar but inhomogeneous patterns of ocular surface damage were found in e-cigarette users. Comparisons were made with other studies, such as those of Putri (2024), Harjanti and Indrawati (2024), Miglio et al. (2021), Dabas et al. (2025), and Zaib et al. (2023)—broadly consistent with these results, although variations in methodology and groups were responsible for some variation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Tobacco exposure, in the form of conventional smoking, secondhand smoke, or e- cigarette use, has been linked to severe tear film dysfunction and ocular surface injury. These observations underscore the importance of early ophthalmic examination and smoking cessation counseling, particularly in high-risk individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortical visual prostheses: A future paradigm shift in ophthalmology and vision restoration 皮质视觉假体：眼科和视力恢复的未来范式转变

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100178

Michael Balas , David T. Wong

引用次数: 0

A Case Study of Unilateral Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations (BLIP) with Coexisting Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium 单侧良性小叶内核层增生伴先天性视网膜色素上皮肥大一例研究

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100183

Micheline Verhaegen, Vincent De Man, Ivo De Clerck, Julie Jacob

Retinal tumors emerging from the intrinsic cell types of the neurosensory retina are a rare entity. They are subdivided in benign retinal astrocytoma or -astrocytic hamartoma and malignant retinoblastoma, the latter of which requires immediate intervention. Recently, a fourth type of retinal tumor named Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations (BLIP) was described by Sanfilippo et al. based on its characteristic findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) [1]. Only very few cases have been reported and its pathophysiology remains unclear to date. We report the clinical findings and multimodal imaging of a rare case of unilateral BLIP associated with a Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE) lesion.

视网膜肿瘤出现的内在细胞类型的神经感觉视网膜是一个罕见的实体。它们又细分为良性视网膜星形细胞瘤或-星形细胞错构瘤和恶性视网膜母细胞瘤，后者需要立即干预。最近，Sanfilippo等基于光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的特征发现，描述了第四种类型的视网膜肿瘤，称为良性小叶内核层增生（Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer prolifations， BLIP）。仅有极少数病例报道，其病理生理机制至今仍不清楚。我们报告一例罕见的单侧BLIP合并先天性视网膜色素上皮肥大（CHRPE）病变的临床表现和多模态成像。

引用次数: 0

Near-infrared video: A technique for dynamic documentation of vitreous floaters 近红外视频：动态记录玻璃体漂浮物的技术

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100176

Mireia Roca-Cabau , Edward Bloch , Thomas H. Williamson

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe a technique using near-infrared (NIR) video for the diagnosis and documentation of symptomatic floaters.

Methods

Subjects with symptomatic floaters were identified through electronic case notes review, in which there was a primary diagnosis of floaters, secondary to PVD or syneresis.

The presence of vitreous floaters was evaluated with both 30° NIR or fundus autofluorescence images and short, dynamic 30° NIR videos, in which subject is asked to briefly look away and refixate on the target. Three retinal specialists assessed both unseen still images and videos to determine the presence or absence of vitreous floaters. Group descriptive statistics and inter/interobserver percentage agreement were calculated using SPSS.

Results

Ninety-three eyes from 51 subjects (30 males and 21 females, mean age (±SD) 54 ± 14.7 years and baseline visual acuity 0.13 ± 0.49) were analysed. An underling diagnosis of PVD was noted in 31 eyes and syneresis in 62 eyes.

Floaters were observed in 43% of the still images versus 96% of videos. Interrater agreement was 0.75 for still images and 0.96 for videos. Intraobserver agreement was 0.84–0.96 for still images and 1.0 for videos.

Conclusions

Dynamic NIR video is an objective imaging test for the detection and recording of floaters in symptomatic patients, demonstrating both superior interobserver and intraobserver test-retest reliability to static fundal imaging.

This technique helps visualize and assess symptomatic vitreous floaters, offering objective documentation of their presence or absence. It aids in pre-operative decisions, patient education, and post-operative comparisons.

目的本研究的目的是描述一种使用近红外（NIR）视频诊断和记录症状性飞蚊症的技术。方法对有症状的飞蚊症患者进行电子病历检查，主要诊断为飞蚊症，继发于PVD或合并。通过30°近红外或眼底自身荧光图像和短的动态30°近红外视频评估玻璃体漂浮物的存在，在该视频中，受试者被要求短暂地将目光移开并重新注视目标。三位视网膜专家评估了看不见的静止图像和视频，以确定玻璃体漂浮物的存在与否。使用SPSS计算组间描述性统计和观察者间百分比一致性。结果51例患者共93只眼（男30只，女21只），平均年龄（±SD） 54±14.7岁，基线视力0.13±0.49。在31只眼睛和62只眼睛中发现了PVD的潜在诊断。在43%的静态图像中观察到飞蚊，而在96%的视频中观察到。静止图像的互译一致性为0.75，视频的互译一致性为0.96。静止图像的内部一致性为0.84-0.96，视频为1.0。结论动态近红外视频是一种客观的影像学检查，可用于检测和记录有症状患者的漂浮物，与静态眼底成像相比，观察者间和观察者内测试-重测的可靠性更高。这项技术有助于观察和评估有症状的玻璃体飞蚊症，为其存在与否提供客观的记录。它有助于术前决策、患者教育和术后比较。

{"title":"Near-infrared video: A technique for dynamic documentation of vitreous floaters","authors":"Mireia Roca-Cabau , Edward Bloch , Thomas H. Williamson","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to describe a technique using near-infrared (NIR) video for the diagnosis and documentation of symptomatic floaters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subjects with symptomatic floaters were identified through electronic case notes review, in which there was a primary diagnosis of floaters, secondary to PVD or syneresis.</div><div>The presence of vitreous floaters was evaluated with both 30° NIR or fundus autofluorescence images and short, dynamic 30° NIR videos, in which subject is asked to briefly look away and refixate on the target. Three retinal specialists assessed both unseen still images and videos to determine the presence or absence of vitreous floaters. Group descriptive statistics and inter/interobserver percentage agreement were calculated using SPSS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-three eyes from 51 subjects (30 males and 21 females, mean age (±SD) 54 ± 14.7 years and baseline visual acuity 0.13 ± 0.49) were analysed. An underling diagnosis of PVD was noted in 31 eyes and syneresis in 62 eyes.</div><div>Floaters were observed in 43% of the still images versus 96% of videos. Interrater agreement was 0.75 for still images and 0.96 for videos. Intraobserver agreement was 0.84–0.96 for still images and 1.0 for videos.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dynamic NIR video is an objective imaging test for the detection and recording of floaters in symptomatic patients, demonstrating both superior interobserver and intraobserver test-retest reliability to static fundal imaging.</div><div>This technique helps visualize and assess symptomatic vitreous floaters, offering objective documentation of their presence or absence. It aids in pre-operative decisions, patient education, and post-operative comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: Incidence and visual outcomes at ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano, Nigeria 白内障手术后眼内炎：尼日利亚卡诺ECWA眼科医院的发病率和视力结果

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100168

Mayor Orezime Atima , Ayodele Jacob Orugun , Ugbede Idakwo , Oyeronke Komolafe , Eisuke Shimizu , Nakayama Shintaro , Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun , Emeka John Dingwoke , Douglas Jah Pam , Michael Ediruke Ajolomufiah , Olalekan Adebayo Ogundare , Emamoke Atima-Ayeni

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence and visual outcomes of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery at ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano.

Study design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed 9,782 cataract surgeries performed between January 2021 and December 2023, encompassing extracapsular cataract extraction, small-incision cataract surgery, and phacoemulsification. Data collected included patient demographics, surgical details, time to onset of endophthalmitis, visual acuity outcomes, and microbiological findings. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings, and incidence rates were calculated with confidence intervals using the Wilson Score Interval. Chi-Square tests were used to assess associations between surgical techniques and visual outcomes, and logistic regression to identify predictors of improved visual acuity. A significance threshold of p < 0.05 was applied, ensuring rigorous evaluation of the relationships between surgical techniques, patient characteristics, and visual recovery.

Results

The overall incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.17% (17/9,782; 95% CI: 0.10%–0.26%). The highest incidence was recorded in 2022 (0.22%, 8/3,625). Visual acuity improved in 52.9% of patients post-treatment, while 23.5% showed no change, and 23.5% experienced worsened outcomes. Earlier onset of infection (OR: 0.72, p = 0.01) and surgeries performed by experienced full-time staff (OR: 2.50, p = 0.03) significantly predicted better outcomes. No statistically significant association was observed between procedure type and visual outcomes (p = 0.12). No microbial growth was detected in vitreous cultures, likely due to prior antibiotic use.

Conclusion

The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis at ECWA Eye Hospital aligns with global benchmarks, highlighting the critical importance of adhering to preventive strategies, surgical precautions, and robust training programs. Visual outcomes are significantly influenced by early diagnosis and surgeon expertise.

目的评价卡诺ECWA眼科医院白内障术后眼内炎的发生率和视力结局。研究设计回顾性图表回顾。方法回顾性分析了2021年1月至2023年12月期间进行的9782例白内障手术，包括白内障囊外摘除、小切口白内障手术和超声乳化手术。收集的数据包括患者人口统计学、手术细节、眼内炎发病时间、视力结果和微生物学结果。描述性统计用于总结研究结果，并使用Wilson评分区间计算发生率的置信区间。卡方检验用于评估手术技术与视力结果之间的关系，并使用逻辑回归来确定视力改善的预测因素。显著性阈值p <；采用0.05，确保严格评估手术技术、患者特征和视力恢复之间的关系。结果术后眼内炎总发生率为0.17% (17/ 9782；95% ci: 0.10%-0.26%)。发病率最高的是2022年（0.22%,8/3,625）。治疗后，52.9%的患者视力改善，23.5%的患者无变化，23.5%的患者视力恶化。早期感染（OR: 0.72, p = 0.01）和由经验丰富的全职工作人员进行手术（OR: 2.50, p = 0.03）显著预示着更好的预后。手术类型与视力结果无统计学意义相关（p = 0.12）。在玻璃体培养中未检测到微生物生长，可能是由于先前使用抗生素所致。ECWA眼科医院术后眼内炎的发生率与全球基准一致，强调了坚持预防策略、手术预防措施和强有力的培训计划的重要性。视力结果受早期诊断和外科医生专业知识的显著影响。

{"title":"Postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: Incidence and visual outcomes at ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano, Nigeria","authors":"Mayor Orezime Atima , Ayodele Jacob Orugun , Ugbede Idakwo , Oyeronke Komolafe , Eisuke Shimizu , Nakayama Shintaro , Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun , Emeka John Dingwoke , Douglas Jah Pam , Michael Ediruke Ajolomufiah , Olalekan Adebayo Ogundare , Emamoke Atima-Ayeni","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the incidence and visual outcomes of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery at ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Retrospective chart review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study reviewed 9,782 cataract surgeries performed between January 2021 and December 2023, encompassing extracapsular cataract extraction, small-incision cataract surgery, and phacoemulsification. Data collected included patient demographics, surgical details, time to onset of endophthalmitis, visual acuity outcomes, and microbiological findings. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings, and incidence rates were calculated with confidence intervals using the Wilson Score Interval. Chi-Square tests were used to assess associations between surgical techniques and visual outcomes, and logistic regression to identify predictors of improved visual acuity. A significance threshold of <em>p</em> < 0.05 was applied, ensuring rigorous evaluation of the relationships between surgical techniques, patient characteristics, and visual recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.17% (17/9,782; 95% CI: 0.10%–0.26%). The highest incidence was recorded in 2022 (0.22%, 8/3,625). Visual acuity improved in 52.9% of patients post-treatment, while 23.5% showed no change, and 23.5% experienced worsened outcomes. Earlier onset of infection (OR: 0.72, <em>p</em> = 0.01) and surgeries performed by experienced full-time staff (OR: 2.50, <em>p</em> = 0.03) significantly predicted better outcomes. No statistically significant association was observed between procedure type and visual outcomes (<em>p</em> = 0.12). No microbial growth was detected in vitreous cultures, likely due to prior antibiotic use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis at ECWA Eye Hospital aligns with global benchmarks, highlighting the critical importance of adhering to preventive strategies, surgical precautions, and robust training programs. Visual outcomes are significantly influenced by early diagnosis and surgeon expertise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Lens Extraction versus Laser Peripheral Iridotomy on Anterior Segment Parameters in Primary Angle Closure Suspects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 晶状体摘除与激光周围虹膜切开术对原发性闭角疑似患者前段参数的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析

JFO Open Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100174

Muhammad M. Elsharkawy , Mohamed Elnagar , Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini , Ahmed Kareem Al-Badiri , Alhasan Ali Al-Magsousi , Ahmed Taha Abdelsattar , Fatma Mohammed Mostafa , Alaa R. AL-Ihribat , Yahya A. Mahmoud , Mohammed A. Fenjan , Hashem Abu Serhan

<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Primary angle closure suspect (PACS) is characterized by an anatomically narrow anterior chamber angle, predisposing individuals to angle closure and subsequent glaucomatous damage. Prophylactic interventions including laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lens extraction (LE) can be employed to mitigate this risk, especially in high-risk patients. While both procedures aim to widen the iridocorneal angle, their comparative efficacy in improving anterior segment parameters remains a subject of ongoing investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of lens extraction (LE) and laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on anterior segment parameters in primary angle closure suspects (PACS). The analysis encompassed a range of metrics, including angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris space area (TISA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), iris curvature (I-CURV), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), lens vault (LV), and mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Library to identify studies comparing the effects of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lens extraction (LE) on anterior segment morphology. Studies of all original design were included except case reports and case series. Effect estimates for continuous outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4). The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. LE demonstrated consistently greater improvements compared to LPI in both short-term (1 month) and long-term (2 years) follow-up across all evaluated metrics. At one month, LE resulted in significantly larger anterior chamber angle metrics, including AOD500 and AOD750 (mean differences: −0.19 mm and −0.26 mm, respectively; both p < 0.00001), with these effects persisting at two years. Similarly, TISA500 and TISA750 were notably larger after LE (mean differences: −0.07 mm² and −0.21 mm²; both p < 0.00001). LE also achieved a greater reduction in TIA (−21.85 °; p < 0.00001), while I-CURV and TCPD improvements significantly favored LE (both p < 0.00001). Additionally, LV increased more substantially following LE (0.86 mm; p < 0.00001). Mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading also showed superior outcomes with LE (Standardized mean difference (SMD): −2.49; p < 0.00001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LE consistently enhances anterior chamber dimensions, including AOD, TISA, and TIA, with benefits sustained for up to two years in patients with PACS. These anatomical improvements suggest a more effective long-term approach to reducing intraocular pressure and prevent

原发性角关闭可疑（PACS）的特点是解剖上前房角狭窄，易导致角关闭和随后的青光眼损伤。预防性干预包括激光周围虹膜切开术（LPI）和晶状体摘除（LE）可用于减轻这种风险，特别是在高危患者中。虽然这两种手术都旨在扩大虹膜-角膜角，但它们在改善前段参数方面的比较效果仍是一个正在进行的研究课题。目的本荟萃分析旨在评价晶状体摘除（LE）和激光虹膜周围切开术（LPI）对原发性闭角疑似患者（PACS）前段参数的影响。分析包括一系列指标，包括角度开口距离（AOD）、小梁虹膜间隙面积（TISA）、小梁虹膜角度（TIA）、虹膜曲率（I-CURV）、小梁-睫状体突距离（TCPD）、晶状体穹窿（LV）和平均Shaffer角镜评分。方法通过PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science （WOS）和Cochrane Library进行综合检索，比较激光周围虹膜切开术（LPI）和晶状体摘除（LE）对前段形态学影响的研究。除病例报告和病例系列外，纳入了所有原始设计的研究。连续结局的效果估计用95%置信区间（ci）的平均差异（MD）表示。meta分析使用Review Manager （version 5.4）进行。纳入研究的方法学质量采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）工具进行评估。结果4项研究符合meta分析的纳入标准。在所有评估指标的短期（1个月）和长期（2年）随访中，LE与LPI相比均表现出更大的改善。在1个月时，LE导致前房角指标显著增大，包括AOD500和AOD750（平均差异分别为- 0.19 mm和- 0.26 mm）；p <；0.00001)，这些影响持续两年。同样，LE后TISA500和TISA750显著增大(平均差异：−0.07 mm²和−0.21 mm²；p <；0.00001)。LE也实现了更大的TIA降低(- 21.85°；p & lt;0.00001)，而I-CURV和TCPD的改进显著有利于LE (p <；0.00001)。此外，LE后LV增加更为明显(0.86 mm；p & lt;0.00001)。平均Shaffer阴道镜评分也显示出LE的优越结果(标准化平均差（SMD）：−2.49；p & lt;0.00001)。结论：le可持续增强PACS患者的前房尺寸，包括AOD、TISA和TIA，其益处可持续长达两年。这些解剖学上的改进提示了降低眼压和预防疾病进展的更有效的长期方法。临床医生应考虑适当患者的早期LE，以优化角度扩大，并尽量减少额外干预的需要。

{"title":"Effects of Lens Extraction versus Laser Peripheral Iridotomy on Anterior Segment Parameters in Primary Angle Closure Suspects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad M. Elsharkawy , Mohamed Elnagar , Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini , Ahmed Kareem Al-Badiri , Alhasan Ali Al-Magsousi , Ahmed Taha Abdelsattar , Fatma Mohammed Mostafa , Alaa R. AL-Ihribat , Yahya A. Mahmoud , Mohammed A. Fenjan , Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Primary angle closure suspect (PACS) is characterized by an anatomically narrow anterior chamber angle, predisposing individuals to angle closure and subsequent glaucomatous damage. Prophylactic interventions including laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lens extraction (LE) can be employed to mitigate this risk, especially in high-risk patients. While both procedures aim to widen the iridocorneal angle, their comparative efficacy in improving anterior segment parameters remains a subject of ongoing investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of lens extraction (LE) and laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on anterior segment parameters in primary angle closure suspects (PACS). The analysis encompassed a range of metrics, including angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris space area (TISA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), iris curvature (I-CURV), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), lens vault (LV), and mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Library to identify studies comparing the effects of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lens extraction (LE) on anterior segment morphology. Studies of all original design were included except case reports and case series. Effect estimates for continuous outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4). The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. LE demonstrated consistently greater improvements compared to LPI in both short-term (1 month) and long-term (2 years) follow-up across all evaluated metrics. At one month, LE resulted in significantly larger anterior chamber angle metrics, including AOD500 and AOD750 (mean differences: −0.19 mm and −0.26 mm, respectively; both p < 0.00001), with these effects persisting at two years. Similarly, TISA500 and TISA750 were notably larger after LE (mean differences: −0.07 mm² and −0.21 mm²; both p < 0.00001). LE also achieved a greater reduction in TIA (−21.85 °; p < 0.00001), while I-CURV and TCPD improvements significantly favored LE (both p < 0.00001). Additionally, LV increased more substantially following LE (0.86 mm; p < 0.00001). Mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading also showed superior outcomes with LE (Standardized mean difference (SMD): −2.49; p < 0.00001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LE consistently enhances anterior chamber dimensions, including AOD, TISA, and TIA, with benefits sustained for up to two years in patients with PACS. These anatomical improvements suggest a more effective long-term approach to reducing intraocular pressure and prevent","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0