Telecommunications Policy最新文献

Does AI boost firm productivity? A web scraping and LLMs approach 人工智能能提高企业生产率吗？网络抓取和法学硕士方法

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103138

Ana Pastor-Merino , Xavier Martínez-Barbero , María R. Vicente , Josep Domenech

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely seen as a transformative technology with the potential to reshape firm productivity across sectors. However, empirical evidence on its actual impact at the firm level remains limited, mainly due to the lack of extensive firm-level data. Leveraging web scraping and Large Language Models (LLMs), this study develops a novel framework to detect and quantify AI adoption among 62,525 Spanish firms. The approach distinguishes between firms that adopt AI and those that integrate it intensively across business functions, constructing both binary and continuous measures of AI use. Using entropy-balanced instrumental variable estimations to address endogeneity, we find that AI-adopting firms exhibit approximately 53%–55% higher sales and 48% higher value added than comparable non-adopters. Moreover, increasing the intensity of AI use is associated with an even larger productivity premium of 74%–76% in sales and up to 67% in value added, highlighting the substantial returns from deeper AI integration. In dynamic terms, AI adoption is linked to 9%–13% faster annual sales growth. These findings provide evidence that AI significantly enhances firm performance, underscoring its role as a key driver of productivity growth.

人工智能（AI）被广泛视为一种变革性技术，有可能重塑各行业的企业生产力。然而，关于其在企业层面的实际影响的经验证据仍然有限，主要是由于缺乏广泛的企业层面数据。利用网络抓取和大型语言模型（llm），本研究开发了一个新的框架来检测和量化62,525家西班牙公司的人工智能采用情况。该方法区分了采用人工智能的公司和跨业务功能密集集成人工智能的公司，构建了人工智能使用的二元和连续度量。使用熵平衡的工具变量估计来解决内生性问题，我们发现采用人工智能的公司比未采用人工智能的公司表现出大约53%-55%的高销售额和48%的高附加值。此外，人工智能使用强度的增加与销售额的74%-76%的更大生产率溢价和高达67%的附加值相关，这突显了深度人工智能整合带来的巨大回报。从动态角度来看，人工智能的采用与年销售额增长9%-13%有关。这些发现为人工智能显著提高企业绩效提供了证据，强调了其作为生产率增长关键驱动力的作用。

{"title":"Does AI boost firm productivity? A web scraping and LLMs approach","authors":"Ana Pastor-Merino , Xavier Martínez-Barbero , María R. Vicente , Josep Domenech","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely seen as a transformative technology with the potential to reshape firm productivity across sectors. However, empirical evidence on its actual impact at the firm level remains limited, mainly due to the lack of extensive firm-level data. Leveraging web scraping and Large Language Models (LLMs), this study develops a novel framework to detect and quantify AI adoption among 62,525 Spanish firms. The approach distinguishes between firms that adopt AI and those that integrate it intensively across business functions, constructing both binary and continuous measures of AI use. Using entropy-balanced instrumental variable estimations to address endogeneity, we find that AI-adopting firms exhibit approximately 53%–55% higher sales and 48% higher value added than comparable non-adopters. Moreover, increasing the intensity of AI use is associated with an even larger productivity premium of 74%–76% in sales and up to 67% in value added, highlighting the substantial returns from deeper AI integration. In dynamic terms, AI adoption is linked to 9%–13% faster annual sales growth. These findings provide evidence that AI significantly enhances firm performance, underscoring its role as a key driver of productivity growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in the music streaming value chain: Exploring artists' and users’ perceptions on content creation and algorithmic consumption 音乐流媒体价值链中的人工智能：探索艺术家和用户对内容创作和算法消费的看法

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103129

Alberto Arenal , Juan Miguel Aguado , Cristina Armuña , Sergio Ramos , Claudio Feijoo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role throughout every stage of the music industry value chain. In fact, AI has been integral to the value proposition of music streaming platforms since their inception. This research article investigates how AI—and in particular, Generative AI (GenAI)—affects the creation and consumption stages, the two most socially significant components of the music streaming value chain. It explores users’ perceptions of the impact of AI/GenAI on their music-listening experience and examines how artists and performers view the role and influence of AI on their position and opportunities within the streaming model. Drawing on the findings from two separate focus groups with users and artists/performers from different geographies and professional development, this study complements industry debates—often dominated by technology companies and record and publishing firms—by providing valuable insights into the perceptions at both ends of the music industry value chain regarding the impact of these technologies on music creation, dissemination, and consumption. As key findings, while users exhibited a nuanced response to AI-generated music, both existing literature and insights from artists and performers suggest that AI may further amplify the endemic dysfunctions of music streaming platforms, arising governance issues and ethical concerns, particularly regarding to transparency. In addition, both groups highlighted a significant paradox: while AI has the potential to democratise music creation by lowering barriers to entry, it also poses a threat to the existing ecosystem of music professionals, which have relevant implications in terms of the role of culture in societies, policy and practice.

人工智能（AI）在音乐产业价值链的每个阶段都发挥着关键作用。事实上，自音乐流媒体平台成立以来，人工智能一直是其价值主张的组成部分。这篇研究文章探讨了人工智能——尤其是生成式人工智能（GenAI）——如何影响音乐流媒体价值链中最具社会意义的两个组成部分——创作和消费阶段。它探讨了用户对AI/GenAI对他们的音乐聆听体验的影响的看法，并研究了艺术家和表演者如何看待AI对他们在流媒体模式中的地位和机会的作用和影响。根据来自不同地区和专业发展的用户和艺术家/表演者的两个独立焦点小组的调查结果，本研究通过对音乐产业价值链两端关于这些技术对音乐创作、传播和消费的影响的看法提供有价值的见解，补充了行业辩论——通常由技术公司和唱片出版公司主导。作为主要发现，虽然用户对人工智能生成的音乐表现出微妙的反应，但现有的文献和艺术家和表演者的见解都表明，人工智能可能会进一步放大音乐流媒体平台的地方性功能失调，引发治理问题和伦理问题，特别是在透明度方面。此外，这两个小组都强调了一个重要的悖论：虽然人工智能有可能通过降低进入门槛来实现音乐创作的民主化，但它也对现有的音乐专业人士生态系统构成了威胁，这对文化在社会、政策和实践中的作用产生了相关影响。

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in the music streaming value chain: Exploring artists' and users’ perceptions on content creation and algorithmic consumption","authors":"Alberto Arenal , Juan Miguel Aguado , Cristina Armuña , Sergio Ramos , Claudio Feijoo","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role throughout every stage of the music industry value chain. In fact, AI has been integral to the value proposition of music streaming platforms since their inception. This research article investigates how AI—and in particular, Generative AI (GenAI)—affects the creation and consumption stages, the two most socially significant components of the music streaming value chain. It explores users’ perceptions of the impact of AI/GenAI on their music-listening experience and examines how artists and performers view the role and influence of AI on their position and opportunities within the streaming model. Drawing on the findings from two separate focus groups with users and artists/performers from different geographies and professional development, this study complements industry debates—often dominated by technology companies and record and publishing firms—by providing valuable insights into the perceptions at both ends of the music industry value chain regarding the impact of these technologies on music creation, dissemination, and consumption. As key findings, while users exhibited a nuanced response to AI-generated music, both existing literature and insights from artists and performers suggest that AI may further amplify the endemic dysfunctions of music streaming platforms, arising governance issues and ethical concerns, particularly regarding to transparency. In addition, both groups highlighted a significant paradox: while AI has the potential to democratise music creation by lowering barriers to entry, it also poses a threat to the existing ecosystem of music professionals, which have relevant implications in terms of the role of culture in societies, policy and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the impact of Value Added Tax exemptions on smartphone penetration in Colombia using the synthetic control method 使用综合控制方法估计增值税豁免对哥伦比亚智能手机普及率的影响

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103128

Sindhura Kammardi Sachidananda , Leon Tinashe Gwaka , Christopher S. Yoo

Device affordability is one of the key barriers to Internet access and use in most low- and middle-income countries. Reducing or eliminating taxes on devices has emerged as a major way to make devices more affordable. However, the empirical evidence on the impact of tax reductions on device access remains limited. To help fill this gap, this study estimates the impact of Colombia's Value Added Tax (VAT) exemption, announced in late 2016, on smartphone penetration rates. Using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) applied to country-level panel data from 2009 to 2021, our study finds that smartphone penetration in Colombia reached 66.8 % by the end of 2021, an increase of 7.6 percentage points over the 59.2 % level of its synthetic counterpart, which represents a 12.8 % relative increase. These results were validated through placebo tests and other robustness checks. A preliminary, illustrative cost-benefit analysis suggests that the broader economic growth driven by increased smartphone penetration could plausibly offset the VAT revenue loss over time. These findings confirm that reducing or eliminating taxes on smartphones improves smartphone penetration and contributes to bridging the digital divide. The work can be extended by exploring VAT exemptions in other countries and reductions on other forms of taxes.

在大多数低收入和中等收入国家，设备负担能力是互联网接入和使用的主要障碍之一。降低或取消设备税已成为降低设备价格的主要途径。然而，关于减税对设备获取影响的经验证据仍然有限。为了填补这一空白，本研究估计了哥伦比亚2016年底宣布的增值税豁免对智能手机普及率的影响。使用综合控制方法（SCM）对2009年至2021年的国家级面板数据进行分析，我们的研究发现，到2021年底，哥伦比亚的智能手机普及率达到66.8%，比其合成对手59.2%的水平增加了7.6个百分点，这代表了12.8%的相对增长。这些结果通过安慰剂测试和其他稳健性检查得到验证。一项初步的说明性成本效益分析表明，随着时间的推移，智能手机普及率提高所推动的更广泛的经济增长可能会合理地抵消增值税收入的损失。这些发现证实，减少或取消智能手机税可以提高智能手机的普及率，有助于弥合数字鸿沟。这项工作可以通过探索其他国家的增值税豁免和其他形式的税收减免来扩展。

{"title":"Estimating the impact of Value Added Tax exemptions on smartphone penetration in Colombia using the synthetic control method","authors":"Sindhura Kammardi Sachidananda , Leon Tinashe Gwaka , Christopher S. Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Device affordability is one of the key barriers to Internet access and use in most low- and middle-income countries. Reducing or eliminating taxes on devices has emerged as a major way to make devices more affordable. However, the empirical evidence on the impact of tax reductions on device access remains limited. To help fill this gap, this study estimates the impact of Colombia's Value Added Tax (VAT) exemption, announced in late 2016, on smartphone penetration rates. Using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) applied to country-level panel data from 2009 to 2021, our study finds that smartphone penetration in Colombia reached 66.8 % by the end of 2021, an increase of 7.6 percentage points over the 59.2 % level of its synthetic counterpart, which represents a 12.8 % relative increase. These results were validated through placebo tests and other robustness checks. A preliminary, illustrative cost-benefit analysis suggests that the broader economic growth driven by increased smartphone penetration could plausibly offset the VAT revenue loss over time. These findings confirm that reducing or eliminating taxes on smartphones improves smartphone penetration and contributes to bridging the digital divide. The work can be extended by exploring VAT exemptions in other countries and reductions on other forms of taxes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Network infrastructure and corporate development: A dual perspective on corporate social responsibility performance and productivity performance 网络基础设施与企业发展：企业社会责任绩效与生产力绩效的双重视角

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103127

Yuhong Huang , Mudan Lan

This paper systematically evaluates the microeconomic effects of network infrastructure from the dual perspectives of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and productivity performance. By utilizing the “Broadband China” policy as an exogenous shock, a difference-in-differences model is constructed. Based on 2010–2023 microdata on Chinese A-share listed companies, the empirical results indicate that network infrastructure enhances CSR performance and productivity performance, with this effect being more pronounced for enterprises operating within regions with an underdeveloped digital economy, non-high-tech industries, and firms characterized by higher human capital levels. This conclusion remains after endogeneity concerns are addressed and robustness tests are conducted. Mechanism analysis suggests that network infrastructure facilitates corporate digital transformation and alleviates financing constraints, ultimately improving social responsibility performance and productivity performance. The findings of this study underscore the critical value of enhancing network infrastructure in emerging market economies and enrich the understanding of the factors influencing corporate development.

本文从企业社会责任绩效和生产力绩效的双重视角系统评价了网络基础设施的微观经济效应。利用“宽带中国”政策作为外生冲击，构建了一个“差中差”模型。基于2010-2023年中国a股上市公司微观数据，实证结果表明，网络基础设施对企业社会责任绩效和生产力绩效有提升作用，且在数字经济不发达地区、非高新技术产业地区和人力资本水平较高地区的企业中，这种效应更为明显。这一结论仍然是内生性问题的解决和稳健性测试进行后。机制分析表明，网络基础设施促进企业数字化转型，缓解融资约束，最终提高企业社会责任绩效和生产力绩效。本研究结果强调了新兴市场经济体加强网络基础设施的重要性，并丰富了对企业发展影响因素的理解。

{"title":"Network infrastructure and corporate development: A dual perspective on corporate social responsibility performance and productivity performance","authors":"Yuhong Huang , Mudan Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper systematically evaluates the microeconomic effects of network infrastructure from the dual perspectives of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and productivity performance. By utilizing the “Broadband China” policy as an exogenous shock, a difference-in-differences model is constructed. Based on 2010–2023 microdata on Chinese A-share listed companies, the empirical results indicate that network infrastructure enhances CSR performance and productivity performance, with this effect being more pronounced for enterprises operating within regions with an underdeveloped digital economy, non-high-tech industries, and firms characterized by higher human capital levels. This conclusion remains after endogeneity concerns are addressed and robustness tests are conducted. Mechanism analysis suggests that network infrastructure facilitates corporate digital transformation and alleviates financing constraints, ultimately improving social responsibility performance and productivity performance. The findings of this study underscore the critical value of enhancing network infrastructure in emerging market economies and enrich the understanding of the factors influencing corporate development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Governing AI virtual anchors in China’s live streaming E-commerce ecosystem: Policy challenges and global implications 在中国直播电子商务生态系统中管理人工智能虚拟主播：政策挑战和全球影响

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103109

Yuxi Meng

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally reshaped the traditional media value chain, transforming the processes of content production, distribution, and consumption. Among these developments, AI virtual anchors have significantly reduced operational costs and enabled the large-scale creation of content. However, their widespread adoption has also raised complex legal, ethical, and regulatory challenges. This paper investigates the governance of AI virtual anchors from three key dimensions.

First, it examines how AI technologies are restructuring the media ecosystem, particularly in the realm of live-streaming e-commerce, by displacing human labour and creating new market dynamics. Second, it examines the associated legal and ethical concerns, including intellectual property disputes, the under-recognized rights of “ghost performers”, risks of misinformation, and consumer protection issues. Third, it evaluates China’s evolving governance responses, highlighting both proactive regulatory innovations and ongoing challenges. Starting from platform governance theories, this paper develops a China-specific regulatory narrative and identifies a multi-tiered governance system that involves the government, platforms, and public participation, and reveals the underlying logic that redefines platform roles in China’s digital governance architecture. This paper argues that China’s evolving governance of AI virtual anchors illustrates a distinct institutional model and aims to situate this experience within global discussions, offering comparative reference points for AI governance, particularly regarding platform responsibility, adaptive regulation, and public participation.

生成式人工智能（AI）的快速发展从根本上重塑了传统媒体价值链，改变了内容生产、分发和消费的流程。在这些发展中，人工智能虚拟主播大大降低了运营成本，并实现了内容的大规模创作。然而，它们的广泛采用也带来了复杂的法律、道德和监管挑战。本文从三个关键维度研究人工智能虚拟主播的治理。首先，它研究了人工智能技术如何通过取代人力和创造新的市场动态来重组媒体生态系统，特别是在直播电子商务领域。其次，它考察了相关的法律和道德问题，包括知识产权纠纷、“幽灵表演者”未被承认的权利、错误信息的风险和消费者保护问题。第三，它评估了中国不断变化的治理对策，突出了积极的监管创新和持续的挑战。本文从平台治理理论出发，构建了具有中国特色的监管叙事，确定了一个涉及政府、平台和公众参与的多层次治理体系，揭示了在中国数字治理架构中重新定义平台角色的内在逻辑。本文认为，中国对人工智能虚拟主播的不断发展的治理说明了一种独特的制度模式，旨在将这一经验置于全球讨论之中，为人工智能治理提供比较参考点，特别是在平台责任、适应性监管和公众参与方面。

{"title":"Governing AI virtual anchors in China’s live streaming E-commerce ecosystem: Policy challenges and global implications","authors":"Yuxi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally reshaped the traditional media value chain, transforming the processes of content production, distribution, and consumption. Among these developments, AI virtual anchors have significantly reduced operational costs and enabled the large-scale creation of content. However, their widespread adoption has also raised complex legal, ethical, and regulatory challenges. This paper investigates the governance of AI virtual anchors from three key dimensions.</div><div>First, it examines how AI technologies are restructuring the media ecosystem, particularly in the realm of live-streaming e-commerce, by displacing human labour and creating new market dynamics. Second, it examines the associated legal and ethical concerns, including intellectual property disputes, the under-recognized rights of “ghost performers”, risks of misinformation, and consumer protection issues. Third, it evaluates China’s evolving governance responses, highlighting both proactive regulatory innovations and ongoing challenges. Starting from platform governance theories, this paper develops a China-specific regulatory narrative and identifies a multi-tiered governance system that involves the government, platforms, and public participation, and reveals the underlying logic that redefines platform roles in China’s digital governance architecture. This paper argues that China’s evolving governance of AI virtual anchors illustrates a distinct institutional model and aims to situate this experience within global discussions, offering comparative reference points for AI governance, particularly regarding platform responsibility, adaptive regulation, and public participation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic technology competition revisited: A National Innovation System rationale for China's artificial intelligence standardisation strategy 重新审视战略技术竞争：中国人工智能标准化战略的国家创新体系理论基础

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103114

Junhua Zhu , Elina Sinkkonen , Mikael Mattlin

This article explains why and how China aims to set international standards in artificial intelligence (AI), by analysing AI standardisation's place within China's National Innovation System (NIS). Emerging technologies, such as AI, where global norms and governance institutions are yet to be established, offer greater possibilities for latecomers to set international standards. As areas of AI are general-purpose technologies, it matters what kind of standards are set, and who sets them. Building on arguments that domestic technology diffusion has become more important than innovation capacity, we contend that in strategic technology competition it is essential for great powers to diffuse their technology solutions internationally, for which standardisation is a key channel. Through a detailed analysis of China's AI innovation system, we argue that China's AI-related NIS is maturing. China has already developed national AI standards, and its standard-setting is internationalising, as our analysis of Chinese policy documents on AI standardisation shows. Lingering weaknesses in basic AI research, however, still limit the potential for Chinese firms to set de facto standards through market competition, beyond specific AI applications. Amid intense Sino-US strategic technology competition, China's possibilities to successfully pursue international committee- or government-led standardisation, and thereby technology diffusion, have also been restricted. Yet, the recent US turn away from promoting a rules-based order opens new possibilities for Chinese standardisation efforts. The Chinese government has promoted market- and firm-led standardisation around open-source solutions, while increasingly targeting its multilateral standard-setting towards the ‘Global South’, e.g. through its 2025 Action Plan for Global Artificial Intelligence Governance.

本文通过分析人工智能标准化在中国国家创新体系（NIS）中的地位，解释了中国为什么以及如何制定人工智能（AI）的国际标准。人工智能等新兴技术尚未建立全球规范和治理机制，为后发国家制定国际标准提供了更大的可能性。由于人工智能领域是通用技术，所以制定什么样的标准以及由谁制定标准都很重要。基于国内技术扩散已变得比创新能力更重要的论点，我们认为，在战略技术竞争中，大国必须在国际上传播其技术解决方案，而标准化是其中的一个关键渠道。通过对中国人工智能创新体系的详细分析，我们认为中国人工智能相关的NIS正在走向成熟。中国已经制定了国家人工智能标准，其标准制定正在国际化，正如我们对中国人工智能标准化政策文件的分析所显示的那样。然而，基础人工智能研究方面的弱点仍然限制了中国公司通过市场竞争制定事实上的标准的潜力，而不仅仅是特定的人工智能应用。在激烈的中美战略技术竞争中，中国成功追求国际委员会或政府主导的标准化，从而实现技术扩散的可能性也受到了限制。然而，最近美国放弃推动基于规则的秩序，为中国的标准化努力提供了新的可能性。中国政府推动了以市场和企业为主导的开源解决方案标准化，同时越来越多地将其多边标准制定面向“全球南方”，例如通过《2025年全球人工智能治理行动计划》。

{"title":"Strategic technology competition revisited: A National Innovation System rationale for China's artificial intelligence standardisation strategy","authors":"Junhua Zhu , Elina Sinkkonen , Mikael Mattlin","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explains why and how China aims to set international standards in artificial intelligence (AI), by analysing AI standardisation's place within China's National Innovation System (NIS). Emerging technologies, such as AI, where global norms and governance institutions are yet to be established, offer greater possibilities for latecomers to set international standards. As areas of AI are general-purpose technologies, it matters what kind of standards are set, and who sets them. Building on arguments that domestic technology diffusion has become more important than innovation capacity, we contend that in strategic technology competition it is essential for great powers to diffuse their technology solutions internationally, for which standardisation is a key channel. Through a detailed analysis of China's AI innovation system, we argue that China's AI-related NIS is maturing. China has already developed national AI standards, and its standard-setting is internationalising, as our analysis of Chinese policy documents on AI standardisation shows. Lingering weaknesses in basic AI research, however, still limit the potential for Chinese firms to set <em>de facto</em> standards through market competition, beyond specific AI applications. Amid intense Sino-US strategic technology competition, China's possibilities to successfully pursue international committee- or government-led standardisation, and thereby technology diffusion, have also been restricted. Yet, the recent US turn away from promoting a rules-based order opens new possibilities for Chinese standardisation efforts. The Chinese government has promoted market- and firm-led standardisation around open-source solutions, while increasingly targeting its multilateral standard-setting towards the ‘Global South’, e.g. through its 2025 Action Plan for Global Artificial Intelligence Governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generative AI literacy: Scale development and its influence on privacy protection behaviors and information verification behaviors 生成式人工智能素养：规模发展及其对隐私保护行为和信息验证行为的影响

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103117

Wenjia Yan , Yu-li Liu , Valeriia Mamaeva , Fang Dong , Guannan Tao , Rubing Li , Heng Yang

This study seeks to develop and validate a generative AI literacy scale, examining its influence on privacy protection and information verification behaviors. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes qualitative focus groups (n = 47) and a nationwide survey (n = 535), four essential dimensions of literacy are identified, namely, awareness, usage, evaluation, and ethics/risks. The results indicate that the scale incorporates features unique to generative AI, such as crafting effective prompts to improve performance and addressing risks related to misinformation, legal challenges, and systemic bias. Structural equation modeling reveals that awareness and ethics/risks significantly predict both privacy protection and information verification behaviors, while frequent users of generative AI are less likely to verify the information encountered. This research contributes to advancing the measurement of generative AI literacy and provides practical insights into fostering a responsible and informed adoption of generative AI technologies across diverse user groups.

本研究旨在开发和验证一种生成式人工智能素养量表，研究其对隐私保护和信息验证行为的影响。采用混合方法，包括定性焦点小组（n = 47）和全国调查（n = 535），确定了识字的四个基本维度，即意识、使用、评估和道德/风险。结果表明，该量表包含了生成式人工智能的独特功能，例如制定有效的提示以提高绩效，并解决与错误信息、法律挑战和系统性偏见相关的风险。结构方程模型显示，意识和伦理/风险显著预测隐私保护和信息验证行为，而频繁使用生成式人工智能的用户不太可能验证遇到的信息。本研究有助于推进生成人工智能素养的测量，并为促进在不同用户群体中负责任和知情地采用生成人工智能技术提供实用见解。

{"title":"Generative AI literacy: Scale development and its influence on privacy protection behaviors and information verification behaviors","authors":"Wenjia Yan , Yu-li Liu , Valeriia Mamaeva , Fang Dong , Guannan Tao , Rubing Li , Heng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study seeks to develop and validate a generative AI literacy scale, examining its influence on privacy protection and information verification behaviors. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes qualitative focus groups (n = 47) and a nationwide survey (n = 535), four essential dimensions of literacy are identified, namely, awareness, usage, evaluation, and ethics/risks. The results indicate that the scale incorporates features unique to generative AI, such as crafting effective prompts to improve performance and addressing risks related to misinformation, legal challenges, and systemic bias. Structural equation modeling reveals that awareness and ethics/risks significantly predict both privacy protection and information verification behaviors, while frequent users of generative AI are less likely to verify the information encountered. This research contributes to advancing the measurement of generative AI literacy and provides practical insights into fostering a responsible and informed adoption of generative AI technologies across diverse user groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of the USDA broadband initiatives program on employment and telework: Evidence from confidential American community survey microdata 美国农业部宽带计划对就业和远程工作的影响：来自保密的美国社区调查微观数据的证据

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103102

Anil Rupasingha , John Pender , Robert Dinterman

The $2.5 billion USDA Broadband Initiatives Program (BIP), established by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009, was USDA's largest broadband program until the current ReConnect program. This study investigates the impacts of BIP on employment and telework for the period 2011–2017 using confidential American Community Survey microdata on individual workers, combined with program data and other data. Using a difference-in-difference regression framework, we find that BIP increased the likelihood of employment in the sample of all workers and in subsamples of White workers, male workers, workers in metro areas, workers in service industries, and workers specifically in information services, finance and insurance, and professional services for residents of targeted areas. BIP reduced the likelihood of employment among workers in trade and manufacturing industries. Regarding telework, BIP increased the likelihood of working at home among workers employed in information services and professional services. The study also examined the impact of BIP on individual labor force participation, revealing a significant increase in labor force participation due to the BIP. Because our dependent variables are at the worker level, not the business or regional level, and we control for local labor demand conditions using census tract and year fixed effects, we interpret these results as more likely resulting from labor supply effects rather than labor demand effects of the program.

25亿美元的美国农业部宽带计划（BIP）由2009年《美国复苏与再投资法案》（American Recovery and Reinvestment Act）建立，是美国农业部在目前的ReConnect计划之前最大的宽带计划。本研究利用保密的美国社区调查个体工人微观数据，结合项目数据和其他数据，调查了2011-2017年期间BIP对就业和远程办公的影响。利用差中差回归框架，我们发现BIP增加了所有工人样本和白人工人、男性工人、都市地区工人、服务业工人、特别是信息服务、金融和保险以及目标地区居民专业服务工人的子样本的就业可能性。BIP降低了贸易和制造业工人就业的可能性。在远程办公方面，信息服务和专业服务行业的员工在家工作的可能性增加了。该研究还考察了BIP对个人劳动力参与率的影响，揭示了由于BIP，劳动力参与率显着增加。由于我们的因变量是在工人水平，而不是企业或地区水平，并且我们使用人口普查区和年度固定效应来控制当地的劳动力需求条件，因此我们将这些结果解释为更可能是劳动力供给效应而不是劳动力需求效应的结果。

{"title":"Impacts of the USDA broadband initiatives program on employment and telework: Evidence from confidential American community survey microdata","authors":"Anil Rupasingha , John Pender , Robert Dinterman","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The $2.5 billion USDA Broadband Initiatives Program (BIP), established by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009, was USDA's largest broadband program until the current ReConnect program. This study investigates the impacts of BIP on employment and telework for the period 2011–2017 using confidential American Community Survey microdata on individual workers, combined with program data and other data. Using a difference-in-difference regression framework, we find that BIP increased the likelihood of employment in the sample of all workers and in subsamples of White workers, male workers, workers in metro areas, workers in service industries, and workers specifically in information services, finance and insurance, and professional services for residents of targeted areas. BIP reduced the likelihood of employment among workers in trade and manufacturing industries. Regarding telework, BIP increased the likelihood of working at home among workers employed in information services and professional services. The study also examined the impact of BIP on individual labor force participation, revealing a significant increase in labor force participation due to the BIP. Because our dependent variables are at the worker level, not the business or regional level, and we control for local labor demand conditions using census tract and year fixed effects, we interpret these results as more likely resulting from labor supply effects rather than labor demand effects of the program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 1","pages":"Article 103102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband deployment and access to online banking: Does improved technology facilitate adoption? 宽带部署和网上银行的接入：改进的技术是否促进了采用？

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103113

Joan Calzada , Alejandra Pablo

This paper analyzes the impact of broadband use on online banking adoption and the contracting of online financial products in Spain between 2010 and 2022. Using survey data on household access to information and communication technologies, we assess whether high-speed broadband access facilitates adoption and whether its use narrows or, rather, reinforces existing socioeconomic divides. Results show that fixed broadband increases the probability of adopting online banking by 11.3 % and of contracting financial products online by 1.3 %. Adoption is positively associated with being male, more educated, employed, and having a higher-income, while it decreases with age. Although broadband promotes overall adoption of online banking, it also amplifies divides, with the middle-aged, better educated, and wealthier groups benefiting most, while women, older adults, and the less educated remain disadvantaged. To strengthen causal inference, we exploit a four-year panel from the same survey and use an instrumental variable strategy based on lagged broadband coverage, which confirms the positive causal effect of broadband access on adoption. These findings show that broadband expansion stimulates financial digitalization but may also exacerbate inequality, emphasizing the need for complementary digital inclusion policies.

本文分析了宽带使用对2010年至2022年间西班牙网上银行采用和网上金融产品承包的影响。利用家庭获取信息和通信技术的调查数据，我们评估高速宽带接入是否促进了采用，以及高速宽带的使用是否缩小或强化了现有的社会经济鸿沟。结果表明，固定宽带使采用网上银行的可能性提高了11.3%，使网上签约金融产品的可能性提高了1.3%。领养与男性、受教育程度高、就业和收入高呈正相关，但随着年龄的增长而下降。虽然宽带促进了网上银行的全面采用，但它也扩大了差距，中年、受教育程度较高和较富裕的群体受益最多，而妇女、老年人和受教育程度较低的群体仍然处于不利地位。为了加强因果推理，我们利用来自同一调查的四年面板，并使用基于滞后宽带覆盖的工具变量策略，这证实了宽带接入对采用的积极因果效应。这些发现表明，宽带扩张刺激了金融数字化，但也可能加剧不平等，强调需要制定补充性的数字包容性政策。

{"title":"Broadband deployment and access to online banking: Does improved technology facilitate adoption?","authors":"Joan Calzada , Alejandra Pablo","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the impact of broadband use on online banking adoption and the contracting of online financial products in Spain between 2010 and 2022. Using survey data on household access to information and communication technologies, we assess whether high-speed broadband access facilitates adoption and whether its use narrows or, rather, reinforces existing socioeconomic divides. Results show that fixed broadband increases the probability of adopting online banking by 11.3 % and of contracting financial products online by 1.3 %. Adoption is positively associated with being male, more educated, employed, and having a higher-income, while it decreases with age. Although broadband promotes overall adoption of online banking, it also amplifies divides, with the middle-aged, better educated, and wealthier groups benefiting most, while women, older adults, and the less educated remain disadvantaged. To strengthen causal inference, we exploit a four-year panel from the same survey and use an instrumental variable strategy based on lagged broadband coverage, which confirms the positive causal effect of broadband access on adoption. These findings show that broadband expansion stimulates financial digitalization but may also exacerbate inequality, emphasizing the need for complementary digital inclusion policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The FM radio switch-off and the need for sustainable and inclusive digital radio policy 调频广播的关闭以及可持续和包容性数字广播政策的必要性

IF 6.4 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103116

Tom Evens

This article examines the anticipated FM switch-off in Flanders (Belgium) as a case study to analyse the economic, social, and political interests shaping the transition to digital radio. Drawing on 32 semi-structured interviews with broadcasters, policymakers and other stakeholders, the study highlights how the costs and benefits of digitisation are unevenly distributed across different levels of the radio ecosystem. At the micro level, audiences face financial and practical barriers to adopting DAB+, with limited incentives to replace still-functioning FM devices. At the mezzo level, broadcasters express concern about declining audience reach, advertising revenues, and increased competition from international streaming services, while incumbents resist disruption to their entrenched market positions. At the macro level, digitisation promises benefits such as greater diversity and improved energy efficiency, but also raises risks of digital exclusion, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged and older listeners. The analysis demonstrates that a rapid FM switch-off could destabilize the broadcasting market and undermine universal access to radio services. The study concludes that a successful transition requires a negotiated policy process in which governments balance private and public interests, short- and long-term costs, and competing technological pathways. Rather than privileging DAB+ as the dominant successor to FM, policymakers should adopt a platform-neutral and future-proof regulatory framework that recognises the dynamic and uncertain nature of technological development.

本文以佛兰德斯（比利时）预期的调频关闭为例，分析经济、社会和政治利益对数字广播转型的影响。通过对广播公司、政策制定者和其他利益相关者的32次半结构化访谈，该研究强调了数字化的成本和收益在无线电生态系统的不同层面是如何不均匀分布的。在微观层面上，受众在采用DAB+方面面临着经济和实际的障碍，他们更换仍在运行的FM设备的动机有限。在中流媒体层面，广播公司对观众覆盖面下降、广告收入下降以及来自国际流媒体服务的竞争加剧表示担忧，而老牌公司则抵制对其根深蒂固的市场地位的颠覆。在宏观层面上，数字化带来了更多的多样性和提高能源效率等好处，但也增加了数字排斥的风险，特别是对社会经济弱势群体和老年听众。分析表明，快速关闭调频可能会破坏广播市场的稳定，并破坏无线电服务的普及。该研究的结论是，成功的转型需要一个协商的政策过程，在这个过程中，政府平衡私人和公共利益、短期和长期成本以及相互竞争的技术途径。政策制定者不应将DAB+作为FM的主要继承者，而应采用平台中立和面向未来的监管框架，认识到技术发展的动态和不确定性。

{"title":"The FM radio switch-off and the need for sustainable and inclusive digital radio policy","authors":"Tom Evens","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the anticipated FM switch-off in Flanders (Belgium) as a case study to analyse the economic, social, and political interests shaping the transition to digital radio. Drawing on 32 semi-structured interviews with broadcasters, policymakers and other stakeholders, the study highlights how the costs and benefits of digitisation are unevenly distributed across different levels of the radio ecosystem. At the micro level, audiences face financial and practical barriers to adopting DAB+, with limited incentives to replace still-functioning FM devices. At the mezzo level, broadcasters express concern about declining audience reach, advertising revenues, and increased competition from international streaming services, while incumbents resist disruption to their entrenched market positions. At the macro level, digitisation promises benefits such as greater diversity and improved energy efficiency, but also raises risks of digital exclusion, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged and older listeners. The analysis demonstrates that a rapid FM switch-off could destabilize the broadcasting market and undermine universal access to radio services. The study concludes that a successful transition requires a negotiated policy process in which governments balance private and public interests, short- and long-term costs, and competing technological pathways. Rather than privileging DAB+ as the dominant successor to FM, policymakers should adopt a platform-neutral and future-proof regulatory framework that recognises the dynamic and uncertain nature of technological development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"50 2","pages":"Article 103116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0