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Fig leaf from the Middle Siwalik sediments of eastern Nepal with implication on biogeography and palaeoclimate 尼泊尔东部中西瓦利克沉积物中的无花果叶对生物地理学和古气候的影响
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/05529360241258246
Purushottam Adhikari, Harshita Bhatia, Dhan Bahadur Khatri, Sadananda, G. Srivastava, R. Mehrotra, K. Paudayal
The Siwalik flora is important in understanding the orogeny of the Himalayas and the resulting climate change. Though the fossil records from the eastern Himalayan Siwalik of Nepal are sparse, we report a fossil leaf impression/ compression of Ficus precunea Lakhanpal from the Middle Siwalik (upper Miocene–lower Pliocene) sediments of eastern Nepal. The characteristic leaf venation pattern and morphological details suggest its strong affinity with the extant species of F. semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. The fossil assemblage indicates the presence of seasonal forests during the depositional period in the region.
西瓦利克植物区系对于了解喜马拉雅山的造山运动及其引起的气候变化非常重要。虽然尼泊尔喜马拉雅山脉东部锡瓦里克地区的化石记录稀少,但我们报告了尼泊尔东部中锡瓦里克(上新世-下新世)沉积物中的一株叶印/压缩榕化石(Ficus precunea Lakhanpal)。其特征性的叶脉图案和形态细节表明,它与现生种 F. semicordata Buch.-Ham.化石群表明该地区在沉积时期存在季节性森林。
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引用次数: 0
Response of inner shelf benthic foraminiferal community to different concentrations of dissolved oxygen under laboratory culture experiment 实验室培养实验中内陆架底栖有孔虫群落对不同溶解氧浓度的响应
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/05529360241254215
S. R. Kurtarkar, Amrata Kaithwar, R. Saraswat
Dissolved oxygen, a vital parameter for a majority of marine organisms, may decline in the near future due to anthropogenic eutrophication in coastal waters. The effect of depleting dissolved oxygen on the marine benthic community is difficult to assess from field studies, as dissolved oxygen often co-varies with several other parameters, especially organic matter. The controlled laboratory culture experiments can help to assess the effect of a specific parameter on marine organisms. Foraminifera constitute a substantial fraction of the marine benthic organisms, and a few species are vulnerable to depleted oxygen. A majority of the previous culture experiments have used isolated specimens of individual benthic foraminiferal species. Although such studies helped to understand the response of individual species to a particular parameter, they have to be scaled up to understand the community-level response of benthic foraminifera. Here, we assess the community-level response of the shallow subtidal benthic foraminiferal community to five different oxygen concentrations (1.67 mL/L to 5.01 mL/L) in a laboratory culture experiment. The living benthic foraminiferal abundance was considerably high at the intermediate oxygen concentration, whereas it decreased at both the lower and higher concentrations. The decreasing dissolved oxygen caused poor preservation of dead benthic foraminifera due to a drop in pH. The relative abundance trend of the species belonging to the same genus was different, suggesting a species-specific response to the dissolved oxygen. The maximum abundance at 2.91 mL/L and the varying response of individual species clearly suggest a non-linear response of the benthic foraminiferal community to the dissolved oxygen.
溶解氧是大多数海洋生物的重要参数,在不久的将来,由于沿岸水域的人为富营养化, 溶解氧可能会下降。由于溶解氧通常与其他几个参数(尤其是有机物)共同变化,因此很难通过实地研究来评估溶解氧枯竭对海洋底栖生物群落的影响。受控实验室培养实验有助于评估特定参数对海洋生物的影响。有孔虫占海洋底栖生物的很大一部分,少数物种容易受到缺氧的影响。以前的大多数培养实验都是使用单个底栖有孔虫物种的分离标本。虽然这些研究有助于了解单个物种对特定参数的反应,但要了解底栖有孔虫群落水平的反应,还必须扩大这些研究的规模。在此,我们在实验室培养实验中评估了浅海潮下带底栖有孔虫群落对五种不同氧气浓度(1.67 mL/L 至 5.01 mL/L)的群落响应。在中等氧浓度下,底栖有孔虫的活体丰度相当高,而在较低和较高氧浓度下,活体丰度均有所下降。溶解氧的降低导致 pH 值下降,使死亡的底栖有孔虫保存不佳。同属物种的相对丰度变化趋势不同,表明物种对溶解氧的反应具有特异性。2.91 mL/L时的最大丰度和单个物种的不同反应清楚地表明,底栖有孔虫群落对溶解氧的反应是非线性的。
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引用次数: 0
Middle Eocene molluscan fossils from the Siju Formation of the Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India 印度梅加拉亚邦加罗山斯居地层的中始新世软体动物化石
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/05529360241254917
Y. R. Singh, Sh. Priyokumar Singh, K. B. Devi, W. A. Singh, Ningthoujam Surdas Singh
Bivalves and Gastropoda are collected from the Siju Formation of South Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Eighteen molluscan taxa are recorded, that is, nine taxa of bivalves and nine taxa of gastropods. These are comprising Ostrea ( Ostrea) adbasaensis, Lucina rakhiensis, Lucina ( Lucina) yawensis, Trachycardium minbuense, Mactra ( Mactra) protoreevesii, Pitar ( Calpitaria) carteri, Paphia ( Callistotapes) pseudoliratus, Tellina ( Peronaea) planta, Corbula ( Bicorbula) praexarata, Natica coxi, Seila stracheyi, Euspira soriensis, Semicassis mekranica, Oliva ( Strephona) australis var. indica, Conus ( Lithoconus) kyudawonensis. Dolium ( Eudolium) arabicum, Gistortia ( Vicetia) depressa and Planorbis sp. The detailed systematic description of the present molluscan fossils is studied. One zone is established, that is, Lucina yawensis– E. soriensis zone, for correlation purpose and dating. Overall, the zone is based on the total range of molluscan species and name accordingly. The present zone has been assigned to Middle Eocene in age.
双壳类和腹足类采集自印度梅加拉亚邦南加罗山的四柱地层。共记录了 18 个软体动物类群,即 9 个双壳类群和 9 个腹足类群。其中包括 Ostrea ( Ostrea) adbasaensis、Lucina rakhiensis、Lucina ( Lucina) yawensis、Trachycardium minbuense、Mactra ( Mactra) protoreevesii、Pitar ( Calpitaria) carteri、Paphia ( Callistotapes) pseudoliratus、Tellina ( Peronaea) planta、Corbula ( Bicorbula) praexarata、Natica coxi、Seila stracheyi、Euspira soriensis、Semicassis mekranica、Oliva ( Strephona) australis var.indica、Conus ( Lithoconus) kyudawonensis。Dolium ( Eudolium) arabicum、Gistortia ( Vicetia) depressa 和 Planorbis sp.对目前的软体动物化石进行了详细的系统描述研究。建立了一个区域,即 Lucina yawensis- E. soriensis 区域,以进行相关性研究和年代测定。总体而言,该区是根据软体动物的总种类范围而命名的。本区的年代被定为中始新世。
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引用次数: 0
Using proxy data and vegetation modelling to predict past, current and future distributional shifts of Butea monosperma, a marker of land degradation in India 利用代用数据和植被建模预测印度土地退化的标志--箭毒树过去、现在和未来的分布变化
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/05529360241240092
Pooja Nitin Saraf, J. Srivastava, Bipin Charles, François Munoz, Pujarini Samal, Md. Firoze Quamar
Extensive deviations in spatio-temporal social and environmental dynamics currently alter the health of ecosystems and the services they provide. Detecting the causes that contribute to the distribution of a natural forest species capable of restoring the lost ecosystem function and productivity will aid in determining better food security, livelihoods and provision of ecosystem goods and services. We modelled the spatial range of Butea monosperma (B. monosperma) under past, that is, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Middle Holocene (MH), current and future (2070) climatic scenarios with Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) trained on present-day occurrences. We identified areas of suitable habitats for which the estimation of habitat stability is predicted in all the models at different times. To validate the inferred suitable habitat, we tested the model by the current occurrence and fossil pollen data of B. monosperma. Our distribution models agree with the fossil pollen records for the MH (4,500–7,000 yr BP) and predict the prevalence of B. monosperma covering 84.22% of the Indian subcontinent with maximum habitat stability in western and southwestern India (10.95%). The widespread potential distribution of the plant species during the LGM supports the presence of the last remnants of tropical dry deciduous forest in the region. However, a decline in habitat suitability (62.84%) is predicted under current and future climatic scenarios with maximum stability (0.90%–3.09%) along the Western Ghats, Nilgiri hills, Gir range in the western India and north-eastern region covering the Assam Valley and foothills of Tripura and Mizo hills. Temperature seasonality (33.6%) measured in terms of variable contribution in MaxEnt model significantly affects the distribution shift of B. monosperma, along with annual precipitation (22.8%) and annual mean temperature (16.2%). Model results provide evidence of habitat reduction and identify the stability hotspots for B. monosperma for its conservation and establishment of land management policies mainly for the dry tropics.
目前,社会和环境动态时空的广泛偏差改变了生态系统的健康及其提供的服务。检测导致能够恢复丧失的生态系统功能和生产力的天然林物种分布的原因,将有助于确定更好的粮食安全、生计以及生态系统产品和服务的提供。我们利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模拟了箭毒树(Butea monosperma)在过去,即末次冰川极盛时期(LGM)、全新世中期(MH)、当前和未来(2070 年)气候情景下的空间分布。我们确定了适合栖息的区域,所有模型都能预测这些区域在不同时期的栖息地稳定性。为了验证推断的适宜栖息地,我们用单冠花蝶的现今分布和化石花粉数据对模型进行了测试。我们的分布模型与 MH(公元前 4,500-7,000 年)的花粉化石记录一致,并预测独脚金花蟾的分布将覆盖印度次大陆 84.22% 的地区,其中印度西部和西南部的栖息地稳定性最高(10.95%)。该植物物种在远古时期的广泛潜在分布支持了该地区热带干燥落叶林最后遗迹的存在。然而,在当前和未来的气候情景下,栖息地适宜性预计将下降(62.84%),最大稳定性(0.90%-3.09%)沿西高止山脉、尼尔吉里丘陵、印度西部的吉尔山脉以及东北部地区(包括阿萨姆河谷、特里普拉邦山麓和米佐山丘)。在 MaxEnt 模型中,以变量贡献率衡量的温度季节性(33.6%)与年降水量(22.8%)和年平均气温(16.2%)一起,对单叶榕的分布变化产生了重大影响。模型结果提供了栖息地减少的证据,并确定了猴面包树的稳定热点,有助于保护猴面包树和制定主要针对干旱热带地区的土地管理政策。
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引用次数: 0
Foraminiferal biofacies distribution in the outer channel of Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India 印度奥迪沙奇利卡泻湖外航道有孔虫生物构成分布情况
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/05529360241227553
Sucheta Das, Anupam Ghosh, Supriya Mondal
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are widely used as a proxy to monitor the coastal environment’s health. The current work involves the seasonal distribution of foraminifera in the outer channel sector of the Chilika Lagoon, Odisha during 2017–2018. The outer channel is marine as the sea mouth is nearby. Altogether 28 species of benthic foraminifera are identified, among which dominant are Ammonia spp. The other calcareous taxa are Elphidium spp, Quinqueloculina sp., Haynesina spp., Pararotalia sp., Hanzawaia sp., Nonionellina sp. and agglutinated forms such as Miliammina sp., Trochammina sp. and Textularina sp. are found in moderate abundance. Based on the pre-monsoon abundance, the cluster analyses show two distinct biofacies zones in the studied area. Total foraminiferal number (TFN) increases during pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon months. A trend of decreasing abundance was observed in TFN, mainly calcareous taxa towards the inner part of the lagoon, that is, away from the sea mouth.
底栖有孔虫集合体被广泛用作监测沿海环境健康状况的替代物。目前的工作涉及 2017-2018 年期间奥迪沙奇利卡泻湖外航道区有孔虫的季节性分布。由于入海口就在附近,因此外航道属于海洋。共鉴定出 28 种底栖有孔虫,其中最主要的是氨有孔虫,其他钙质类群有 Elphidium spp、Quinqueloculina sp.、Haynesina spp.、Pararotalia sp.、Hanzawaia sp.、Nonionellina sp.,以及中等数量的凝集形态,如 Miliammina sp.、Trochammina sp.和 Textularina sp.。根据季风前的丰度,聚类分析显示研究区域有两个不同的生物成因区。有孔虫总数(TFN)在季风前比季风后有所增加。有孔虫总数(TFN)呈下降趋势,主要是钙质类群向泻湖内部,即远离入海口的方向下降。
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引用次数: 0
Foraminiferal biofacies distribution in the outer channel of Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India 印度奥迪沙奇利卡泻湖外航道有孔虫生物构成分布情况
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/05529360241227553
Sucheta Das, Anupam Ghosh, Supriya Mondal
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are widely used as a proxy to monitor the coastal environment’s health. The current work involves the seasonal distribution of foraminifera in the outer channel sector of the Chilika Lagoon, Odisha during 2017–2018. The outer channel is marine as the sea mouth is nearby. Altogether 28 species of benthic foraminifera are identified, among which dominant are Ammonia spp. The other calcareous taxa are Elphidium spp, Quinqueloculina sp., Haynesina spp., Pararotalia sp., Hanzawaia sp., Nonionellina sp. and agglutinated forms such as Miliammina sp., Trochammina sp. and Textularina sp. are found in moderate abundance. Based on the pre-monsoon abundance, the cluster analyses show two distinct biofacies zones in the studied area. Total foraminiferal number (TFN) increases during pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon months. A trend of decreasing abundance was observed in TFN, mainly calcareous taxa towards the inner part of the lagoon, that is, away from the sea mouth.
底栖有孔虫集合体被广泛用作监测沿海环境健康状况的替代物。目前的工作涉及 2017-2018 年期间奥迪沙奇利卡泻湖外航道区有孔虫的季节性分布。由于入海口就在附近,因此外航道属于海洋。共鉴定出 28 种底栖有孔虫,其中最主要的是氨有孔虫,其他钙质类群有 Elphidium spp、Quinqueloculina sp.、Haynesina spp.、Pararotalia sp.、Hanzawaia sp.、Nonionellina sp.,以及中等数量的凝集形态,如 Miliammina sp.、Trochammina sp.和 Textularina sp.。根据季风前的丰度,聚类分析显示研究区域有两个不同的生物成因区。有孔虫总数(TFN)在季风前比季风后有所增加。有孔虫总数(TFN)呈下降趋势,主要是钙质类群向泻湖内部,即远离入海口的方向下降。
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引用次数: 0
Record of Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts from well JM-A, Dhansiri Valley of Upper Assam Shelf, India 印度上阿萨姆大陆架丹斯里谷 JM-A 井记录的早白垩世甲藻囊胞
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/05529360231219329
Divya Geddada, Kanchi Narsimha
A palynological study on subsurface Early Cretaceous sediments (1550–1860 m) in well JM-A located in Dhansiri Valley, Upper Assam Shelf has been carried out for determination of age and depositional environment. The palynological investigations resulted into the identification of the characteristic and diversified occurrence of Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts comprising Batioladinium micropodum, Achomosphaera? neptuni, Batiacasphaera asperata, Lagenorhytis sp. cf. L. delicatula, Mendicodinium caperatum and Canningia sp. along with associated dinoflagellate cysts. The significant assemblage of spore-pollen assemblage represented by Cicatricosisporites australiensis, Ceratosporites equalis, Gleicheniidites circinidites, Contignisporites cooksonii, Microcachryidites antarcticus, Podosporites tripakshii and Callialasporites trilobatus has also been recorded. The Early Cretaceous sediments are regarded as Bamangaon Formation in Dhansiri Valley. The occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts suggests marginal marine environment for Bamangaon Formation deposited during the Early Cretaceous period corresponding to the Rift Phase. The Formation overlies the Metamorphic Basement Complex, and it is unconformably overlain by the sediments of Tura Formation of Ypresian (Early Eocene) age, deposited under subtidal to inner shelf environment during the Passive Margin Tectonic Phase.
为确定年代和沉积环境,对位于上阿萨姆邦大陆架丹斯里河谷的 JM-A 井的地下早白垩世沉积物(1550-1860 米)进行了古植物学研究。通过古植物学调查,确定了早白垩世甲藻囊虫的特征和多样性,包括 Batioladinium micropodum、Achomosphaera? neptuni、Batiacasphaera asperata、Lagenorhytis sp.cf.L.delicatula、Mendicodinium caperatum 和 Canningia sp.以及相关的甲藻囊虫。此外,还记录了以 Cicatricosisporites australiensis、Ceratosporites equalis、Gleicheniidites circinidites、Contignisporites cooksonii、Microcachryidites antarcticus、Podosporites tripakshii 和 Callialasporites trilobatus 为代表的大量孢粉组合。早白垩世沉积物被认为是丹斯里河谷的巴曼岗地层。甲藻孢囊的出现表明,巴曼加翁地层沉积于早白垩世时期的裂谷期,处于边缘海洋环境。该地层覆盖在变质基底复合地层之上,与被动边缘构造相期间沉积在潮下到内陆架环境下的伊普雷时代(始新世早期)的图拉地层沉积物形成不整合覆盖。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial distribution of pteropods from North Andaman Sea: Insights into aragonite supply and deposition in low saline, delta shelf regimes 北安达曼海翼足目动物的空间分布:低盐度三角洲陆架环境中文石供应和沉积的启示
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/05529360231220693
R. Panchang, Rajiv Nigam, Mugdha Ambokar
Pteropods are important components of the marine zooplankton. Not only are they crucial parts of the pelagic ecosystem but are also key contributors to the global carbon budget. Their shells sink to the ocean floor contributing to the inorganic carbon supply to the ocean floor. Being aragonitic, they easily dissolve in oceans receiving fresh water. They also dissolve as they sink beyond the Aragonite Saturation Zone, that is, within the top 500 m of the water column, releasing the trapped CO2 into the surrounding waters. Their taxonomic and quantitative distribution on the modern ocean floor can help strengthen estimates of inorganic carbon supply in shallow oceans, which are also susceptible to climate-induced dissolution. The present study, for the first time, reports 18 pteropod taxa, their abundances and spatial distribution from the surface sediments of the Ayeyarwady Delta Shelf in the North Andaman Sea, characterised by a very high influx of riverine water and sediments.
翼足目动物是海洋浮游动物的重要组成部分。它们不仅是浮游生态系统的重要组成部分,也是全球碳预算的主要贡献者。它们的外壳沉入海底,为海底的无机碳供应做出了贡献。由于是文石质,它们很容易溶解在接受淡水的海洋中。当它们下沉到文石饱和带(即水柱顶部 500 米范围内)以外时,也会溶解,将捕获的二氧化碳释放到周围水域。它们在现代洋底的分类和定量分布有助于加强对浅海无机碳供应的估计,因为浅海也容易受到气候引起的溶解的影响。本研究首次报告了北安达曼海伊洛瓦底三角洲大陆架表层沉积物中的 18 个翼足类群及其丰度和空间分布,该大陆架的特点是河水和沉积物大量涌入。
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引用次数: 0
A first report on the distribution of Ostracod taxa in the Ashtamudi Lake, southwest coast of Kerala, India 首次报告印度喀拉拉邦西南海岸阿什塔穆迪湖的底栖动物分类群分布情况
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/05529360231219324
K. Radhakrishnan, S.M. Hussain, P. Prakasheswar, Desna Mary Augustine, Vijayaraman
The present study is the first taxonomical account of Ostracoda occurring in the sediments of the Ashtamudi Lake in Kerala, intending to generate a baseline for future palaeo-ecological or palaeoenvironmental applications. A total of 22 Ostracod species belonging to 16 genera, 11 families, 5 superfamilies and 2 suborders of the order Podocopida have been identified from 66 surface sediment samples collected across the lake. Sedimentological parameters, such as CaCO3, organic matter, sand silt and clay, were estimated and their distribution is discussed. The ratio between the carapaces and open valves has been taken into consideration for determining the rate of sedimentation in the study area.
本研究首次对喀拉拉邦阿什塔穆迪湖沉积物中出现的梭形纲动物进行了分类,旨在为未来的古生态学或古环境应用提供一个基准。从湖中采集的 66 个表层沉积物样本中,共鉴定出隶属于 Podocopida 目 16 属、11 科、5 超科和 2 亚目的 22 个 Ostracod 种类。对 CaCO3、有机质、砂质粉土和粘土等沉积物参数进行了估算,并讨论了它们的分布情况。在确定研究区域的沉积速率时,考虑了瓣膜与开放瓣膜之间的比率。
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引用次数: 0
Reappraisal of stratigraphic position of a sandstone included in the Bagh Formation, exposed near Belam Bujurg, Khargone District, Madhya Pradesh, India 重新评估印度中央邦 Khargone 地区 Belam Bujurg 附近出露的 Bagh 地层中的砂岩的地层位置
IF 0.6 4区 地球科学 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/05529360231205134
Rahul Sirvi, Aneesh Soman, V. D. Borkar, K. Kulkarni
A sandstone included in the Bagh Formation occurs at Belam Bujurg, District Khargone, Madhya Pradesh. Its stratigraphic position is controversial. Bose considered it as Nimar Sandstone. His observation, that it is capped by a limestone containing bryozoans, implies that Sitapuri Bryozoan Limestone directly overlies Nimar Sandstone at Belam Bujurg. However, it is contradictory to Chiplonkar’s (1982) observation that Nodular limestone is invariably associated with Nimar Sandstone. According to Roy Chowdhury and Sastri (1954, 1958), this sandstone is an intercalation within the Sitapuri Bryozoan Limestone. Later, Badve (1987) correlated this sandstone with Nimar Sandstone on the basis of similar ichnofauna and believed that overlying limestone cap represented calcareous facies coming at the top of Nimar Sandstone. However, elsewhere frequency and variety of trace fossils are distinctly more in limestone layers, in comparison to sandstone layers. Moreover, the presence of similar trace fossils indicates similarity in the conditions of deposition, rather than correlation. Recent fieldwork by the present authors corroborates that this sandstone is an intercalation within Sitapuri Bryozoan Limestone. Identification of the bryozoan Limestone was confirmed by petrographic study in thin section.
中央邦 Khargone 地区 Belam Bujurg 有一处砂岩属于 Bagh 地层。其地层位置颇具争议。Bose 认为它属于尼马尔砂岩。他的观察结果表明,在 Belam Bujurg 的尼玛砂岩上覆盖着含有虾虎鱼类的石灰岩,这意味着 Sitapuri 虾虎鱼类石灰岩直接覆盖在尼玛砂岩之上。然而,这与奇普隆卡尔(1982 年)的观点相矛盾,即结节状灰岩总是与尼玛砂岩伴生。根据 Roy Chowdhury 和 Sastri(1954 年,1958 年)的说法,这种砂岩是 Sitapuri 白垩系灰岩的夹层。后来,Badve(1987 年)根据相似的蛭石动物群将该砂岩与尼玛尔砂岩联系起来,并认为上覆的石灰岩盖代表了尼玛尔砂岩顶部的钙质层。然而,与砂岩层相比,石灰岩层中痕量化石的频率和种类明显更多。此外,相似痕量化石的出现表明沉积条件相似,而不是相关。本文作者最近的实地考察证实,这种砂岩是西塔普里双壳石灰岩的夹层。通过薄片岩相学研究,确认了该岩浆岩的身份。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India
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