Ivermectin (IVM) is used antiparasitic drug in veterinary medicine and it is also the only avermectin approved in humans in several parasitic infestations. We examined this substance because potential critical issues associated with the use were highlighted. Moreover, criticisms related to the ecological-environmental sphere, as well as food contamination arise. Nevertheless, current in vitro studies are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the direct impact of IVM on reproductive function using swine granulosa cells as reproductive cell model. The results show that progesterone, ATP and free radicals’ levels significantly increased (p<0.05). Non-enzymatic defense systems as well as autophagy did not show significant differences. On the contrary, cell proliferation, estradiol levels, and enzymatic defense systems significantly decreased (p<0.05) after IVM treatment. Since results show that the normal function of these cells is compromised by IVM the normal reproductive functions of the entire organism could be disrupted.
{"title":"Evaluation of the ivermectin effects on porcine granulosa cell function","authors":"Giuseppina Basini, Fausto Quintavalla, Simona Bussolati, Francesca Grasselli","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104960","url":null,"abstract":"Ivermectin (IVM) is used antiparasitic drug in veterinary medicine and it is also the only avermectin approved in humans in several parasitic infestations. We examined this substance because potential critical issues associated with the use were highlighted. Moreover, criticisms related to the ecological-environmental sphere, as well as food contamination arise. Nevertheless, current in vitro studies are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the direct impact of IVM on reproductive function using swine granulosa cells as reproductive cell model. The results show that progesterone, ATP and free radicals’ levels significantly increased (p<0.05). Non-enzymatic defense systems as well as autophagy did not show significant differences. On the contrary, cell proliferation, estradiol levels, and enzymatic defense systems significantly decreased (p<0.05) after IVM treatment. Since results show that the normal function of these cells is compromised by IVM the normal reproductive functions of the entire organism could be disrupted.","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104959
A K M Munzurul Hasan, Som Niyogi, Douglas P. Chivers
Bisphenol S (BPS), increasingly used as a substitute for Bisphenol A, has raised toxicological concern due to its environmental persistence and widespread exposure. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides a valuable model for assessing BPS toxicity because of conserved endocrine and neural pathways, rapid development, and well-established behavioural assays. This review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of BPS exposure in zebrafish. Available studies indicate that BPS is associated with alterations in multiple endocrine axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, thyroid, and interrenal systems, with consequences for reproduction, thyroid hormone signaling, and stress regulation. Neurobehavioural alterations are frequently reported and are linked to oxidative stress, apoptosis, neurotransmitter imbalance, and isotocinergic or vasotocinergic dysregulation. Additional evidence associates BPS exposure with metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune alterations, including hepatic lipid accumulation, glucose dysregulation, vascular dysfunction, impaired myelopoiesis, inflammatory signaling, and gut microbial imbalance. Finally, this review identifies key knowledge gaps for future research.
{"title":"Bisphenol S toxicity in zebrafish: endocrine, neurobehavioural, and metabolic disruptions","authors":"A K M Munzurul Hasan, Som Niyogi, Douglas P. Chivers","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104959","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol S (BPS), increasingly used as a substitute for Bisphenol A, has raised toxicological concern due to its environmental persistence and widespread exposure. Zebrafish (<ce:italic>Danio rerio</ce:italic>) provides a valuable model for assessing BPS toxicity because of conserved endocrine and neural pathways, rapid development, and well-established behavioural assays. This review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of BPS exposure in zebrafish. Available studies indicate that BPS is associated with alterations in multiple endocrine axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, thyroid, and interrenal systems, with consequences for reproduction, thyroid hormone signaling, and stress regulation. Neurobehavioural alterations are frequently reported and are linked to oxidative stress, apoptosis, neurotransmitter imbalance, and isotocinergic or vasotocinergic dysregulation. Additional evidence associates BPS exposure with metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune alterations, including hepatic lipid accumulation, glucose dysregulation, vascular dysfunction, impaired myelopoiesis, inflammatory signaling, and gut microbial imbalance. Finally, this review identifies key knowledge gaps for future research.","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"286 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104958
Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Ana Pilipović, Nikolina Sabo, Nikolina Bek, Filip Stević, Ivana Maksimović, Anita Galir, Zdenko Lončarić
As algae are the main route of selenium (Se) transport from water to other consumers in food webs, the effect of selenite on the total Se content, growth, and antioxidant status of the unicellular green alga Monoraphidium cf. contortum was determined. The basal Se content (<3mg/kg DW) was lower compared to other green microalgae, but the species showed a high accumulation potential (284.1mg/kg DW). Despite early Se accumulation and growth inhibition, a significant loss of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed only after 72hours. The response of antioxidative enzymes corresponded to a lower intensity of lipid peroxidation, despite increased ROS content at lower selenite concentrations. Primarily, selenite increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and inhibited catalase (CAT) in almost all treatments. Higher GST and GPX activities, as well as selenite-induced non-enzymatic glutathione (GSH) oxidation indicated increased GSH depletion.
{"title":"Selenium modulates the antioxidative response in green microalga Monoraphidium cf. contortum","authors":"Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Ana Pilipović, Nikolina Sabo, Nikolina Bek, Filip Stević, Ivana Maksimović, Anita Galir, Zdenko Lončarić","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104958","url":null,"abstract":"As algae are the main route of selenium (Se) transport from water to other consumers in food webs, the effect of selenite on the total Se content, growth, and antioxidant status of the unicellular green alga <ce:italic>Monoraphidium</ce:italic> cf. <ce:italic>contortum</ce:italic> was determined. The basal Se content (<3<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/kg DW) was lower compared to other green microalgae, but the species showed a high accumulation potential (284.1<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/kg DW). Despite early Se accumulation and growth inhibition, a significant loss of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed only after 72<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>hours. The response of antioxidative enzymes corresponded to a lower intensity of lipid peroxidation, despite increased ROS content at lower selenite concentrations. Primarily, selenite increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and inhibited catalase (CAT) in almost all treatments. Higher GST and GPX activities, as well as selenite-induced non-enzymatic glutathione (GSH) oxidation indicated increased GSH depletion.","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104954
Yanfei Xu, Yan Dong, Min Zhang, Peng Wang
{"title":"Assessment of the Toxicity of Acrolein on an Alveolus Microphysiological System","authors":"Yanfei Xu, Yan Dong, Min Zhang, Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104953
Zheng Zhou, Jeroen L.A. Pennings, Ullrika Sahlin
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Causal, predictive or observational? Different understandings of key event relationships for adverse outcome pathways and their implications on practice” [Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 113 (2025) 104597]","authors":"Zheng Zhou, Jeroen L.A. Pennings, Ullrika Sahlin","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104951
Andrew Omachoko Onoja, Grace Temitope Obarombi, Ursula Ugonna Odo, Paul Bassey Arikpo, Linus Sule Egwu, Christopher Didigwu Nwani
{"title":"Chemical Profiling, Cytogenotoxic effect and systemic alterations in Clarias gariepinus exposed to a municipal dumpsite soil simulated leachate","authors":"Andrew Omachoko Onoja, Grace Temitope Obarombi, Ursula Ugonna Odo, Paul Bassey Arikpo, Linus Sule Egwu, Christopher Didigwu Nwani","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104952
Nela Pavlíková, Jan Šrámek, Kamila Balušíková, Vlasta Němcová
{"title":"Permethrin Decreased Insulin Secretion and the Expression of Proteins Linked to Metabolism and Exocytosis in INS832/3 Pancreatic Beta Cells","authors":"Nela Pavlíková, Jan Šrámek, Kamila Balušíková, Vlasta Němcová","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104950
F.J. Hernández-Fernández, J. Hernández-Fernández, L.J. Lozano, E. Iniesta-López, A. Hernández-Fernández, J. Quesada-Medina, V. Caballero, A.P de los Ríos
{"title":"COMPARING QSAR MODELS OF IONIC LIQUID TOXICITY FOR DIFFERENT MICROORGANISMS TO DESIGN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY IONIC LIQUIDS AND ELUCIDATE MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY","authors":"F.J. Hernández-Fernández, J. Hernández-Fernández, L.J. Lozano, E. Iniesta-López, A. Hernández-Fernández, J. Quesada-Medina, V. Caballero, A.P de los Ríos","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104949
Manuela Cipolletti , Ilaria Campesi , Marco Pellegrini , Marco Fiocchetti , Filippo Acconcia , Maria Marino
Synthetic chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose health risks by interfering with sex-steroid hormone signaling. This study evaluated bisphenol A (BPA) for its effects on ERα, ERβ, and AR expression and extranuclear signaling, including ERα phosphorylation, in human monocytes from healthy male and female donors, and assessed ten additional chemicals in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D). BPA increased ERα phosphorylation in both male and female monocytes without altering receptor levels, while modulating downstream signaling in a sex-dependent manner and attenuating DHT- or E2-induced effects. The ten other chemicals similarly enhanced ERα phosphorylation, often independently of direct receptor binding. These findings indicate that ERα phosphorylation is a sensitive, early marker of ED activity across immune and epithelial cells and support its use as a receptor-proximal endpoint to complement conventional transcription-based assays in next-generation ED screening strategies.
{"title":"Exploring novel biomarkers for endocrine disruptor exposure: insights into extra-nuclear signaling pathways of estrogen and androgen receptors","authors":"Manuela Cipolletti , Ilaria Campesi , Marco Pellegrini , Marco Fiocchetti , Filippo Acconcia , Maria Marino","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2026.104949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose health risks by interfering with sex-steroid hormone signaling. This study evaluated bisphenol A (BPA) for its effects on ERα, ERβ, and AR expression and extranuclear signaling, including ERα phosphorylation, in human monocytes from healthy male and female donors, and assessed ten additional chemicals in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D). BPA increased ERα phosphorylation in both male and female monocytes without altering receptor levels, while modulating downstream signaling in a sex-dependent manner and attenuating DHT- or E2-induced effects. The ten other chemicals similarly enhanced ERα phosphorylation, often independently of direct receptor binding. These findings indicate that ERα phosphorylation is a sensitive, early marker of ED activity across immune and epithelial cells and support its use as a receptor-proximal endpoint to complement conventional transcription-based assays in next-generation ED screening strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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