Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09596836231176486
L. Caruso Fermé, Ivana Leticia González Bagur
The study of wooden artifacts recovered in dry context is scarce. The objective of this work is to identify morphometric patterns in wooden artifacts and to evaluate their relationship with the technological manufacturing processes. To this end, wooden artifacts were analyzed from the site Cerro Casa de Piedra 7, through the 3D scanning, calculation of curvature directions and archaeobotanical analysis. These artifacts are associated to hunter-gatherer groups and different occupations of the early Holocene. The results obtained show, on the one hand, the efficiency of the use of these techniques in the analysis of wooden artifacts recovered in completely dry contexts. The use of 3D scanning techniques showed that they can improve the analysis of manufacturing traces and/or use of wooden artifacts and the possibility of simulating the obtained results by computer. On the other hand, they show the existence of morphometric patterns, sustained in time, which are related to the manufacturing of the artifacts from the Cerro Casa de Piedra 7. In summary, the archaeobotanical analysis methodology presented and developed in this work allows its application to the study of different woody materials regardless of their chronology and recovery site.
在干燥环境中发现的木制文物的研究很少。这项工作的目的是识别木制文物的形态测量模式，并评估它们与技术制造过程的关系。为此，通过3D扫描、曲率方向计算和考古植物学分析，对Cerro Casa de Piedra 7遗址的木制文物进行了分析。这些器物与全新世早期的狩猎采集者群体和不同职业有关。所获得的结果表明，一方面，在完全干燥的环境中使用这些技术分析木制文物的效率。3D扫描技术的使用表明，它们可以改善对制造痕迹和/或木制文物的使用的分析，以及通过计算机模拟所获得结果的可能性。另一方面，它们显示了形态测量模式的存在，这些模式在时间上持续存在，这与Cerro Casa de Piedra 7号文物的制造有关。总之，在这项工作中提出和发展的考古植物学分析方法允许其应用于不同木质材料的研究，而不考虑其年代和恢复地点。
{"title":"3D digitization and archaeobotanical analysis of wooden artifacts","authors":"L. Caruso Fermé, Ivana Leticia González Bagur","doi":"10.1177/09596836231176486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231176486","url":null,"abstract":"The study of wooden artifacts recovered in dry context is scarce. The objective of this work is to identify morphometric patterns in wooden artifacts and to evaluate their relationship with the technological manufacturing processes. To this end, wooden artifacts were analyzed from the site Cerro Casa de Piedra 7, through the 3D scanning, calculation of curvature directions and archaeobotanical analysis. These artifacts are associated to hunter-gatherer groups and different occupations of the early Holocene. The results obtained show, on the one hand, the efficiency of the use of these techniques in the analysis of wooden artifacts recovered in completely dry contexts. The use of 3D scanning techniques showed that they can improve the analysis of manufacturing traces and/or use of wooden artifacts and the possibility of simulating the obtained results by computer. On the other hand, they show the existence of morphometric patterns, sustained in time, which are related to the manufacturing of the artifacts from the Cerro Casa de Piedra 7. In summary, the archaeobotanical analysis methodology presented and developed in this work allows its application to the study of different woody materials regardless of their chronology and recovery site.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"1107 - 1117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09596836231176502
R. Blong, K. Fryirs, R. Wood, Fleur King, L. Schneider, Emilie Dotte-Sarout, S. Fallon, R. Gillespie, Qianyang Chen, R. Esmay
Radiocarbon dates on multiple individual charcoal fragments floating together down the Macdonald River, New South Wales, Australia, have calibrated ages spanning >1700 years. Partial explanations of this range of inherited ages can be attributed to the inbuilt age of living biomass, charcoalisation conditions, hillslope transport and storage and/or valley floor (fluvial) transport and storage, but the contribution of each of these components can be constrained only rarely. These results caution against using radiocarbon dating of charcoal as the sole dating technique to interpret Late-Holocene sedimentary histories. These findings also show that it is unlikely that deposit age has a dependable relationship to charcoal age.
{"title":"Inherited age of floating charcoal fragments in a sand-bed stream, Macdonald River, NSW, Australia: Implications for radiocarbon dating of sediments","authors":"R. Blong, K. Fryirs, R. Wood, Fleur King, L. Schneider, Emilie Dotte-Sarout, S. Fallon, R. Gillespie, Qianyang Chen, R. Esmay","doi":"10.1177/09596836231176502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231176502","url":null,"abstract":"Radiocarbon dates on multiple individual charcoal fragments floating together down the Macdonald River, New South Wales, Australia, have calibrated ages spanning >1700 years. Partial explanations of this range of inherited ages can be attributed to the inbuilt age of living biomass, charcoalisation conditions, hillslope transport and storage and/or valley floor (fluvial) transport and storage, but the contribution of each of these components can be constrained only rarely. These results caution against using radiocarbon dating of charcoal as the sole dating technique to interpret Late-Holocene sedimentary histories. These findings also show that it is unlikely that deposit age has a dependable relationship to charcoal age.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"1154 - 1159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41985042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185839
Victor Lundström
The use of archaeological proxy records representative of population dynamics is paramount for a richer understanding of prehistoric cultural change, but its use require a dialectic assessment between proximate climatic drivers and ultimate cultural responses. Focusing on the Stone Age archaeological record of Western Norway (11,500–4300 cal. BP), this paper presents an exhaustive empirical curation and statistical testing between changing climates and demographic responses among coastal hunter-fisher-gatherers. The results connect long-term demographic fluctuations with changes in annual mean temperatures and seasonality and the results are discussed in relation changes in technology, subsistence and mobility. The paper also highlights the process of population decline and cultural loss towards the end of the Late Mesolithic (ca. 7000–6000 cal. BP) and emerging cultural novelties and population re-growth during the Early and Middle Neolithic (ca. 6000–4300 cal. BP). However, despite its strong correlation, the archaeological record of Western Norway lacks sufficient detail to ascribe an exclusive explanatory role to climate change, especially in episodes of significant population decline. This helps to emphasise that changing climates, while evidently central, form but a part of a larger system of interactions leading to demographic fluctuations and cultural change, the substantiation of which requires significant empirical improvements to the archaeological record.
{"title":"Living through changing climates: Temperature and seasonality correlate with population fluctuations among Holocene hunter-fisher-gatherers on the west coast of Norway","authors":"Victor Lundström","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185839","url":null,"abstract":"The use of archaeological proxy records representative of population dynamics is paramount for a richer understanding of prehistoric cultural change, but its use require a dialectic assessment between proximate climatic drivers and ultimate cultural responses. Focusing on the Stone Age archaeological record of Western Norway (11,500–4300 cal. BP), this paper presents an exhaustive empirical curation and statistical testing between changing climates and demographic responses among coastal hunter-fisher-gatherers. The results connect long-term demographic fluctuations with changes in annual mean temperatures and seasonality and the results are discussed in relation changes in technology, subsistence and mobility. The paper also highlights the process of population decline and cultural loss towards the end of the Late Mesolithic (ca. 7000–6000 cal. BP) and emerging cultural novelties and population re-growth during the Early and Middle Neolithic (ca. 6000–4300 cal. BP). However, despite its strong correlation, the archaeological record of Western Norway lacks sufficient detail to ascribe an exclusive explanatory role to climate change, especially in episodes of significant population decline. This helps to emphasise that changing climates, while evidently central, form but a part of a larger system of interactions leading to demographic fluctuations and cultural change, the substantiation of which requires significant empirical improvements to the archaeological record.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43654948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185826
Rebecca Topness, R. Vachula, N. Balascio, W. D'Andrea, G. Pugsley, Moussa Dia, Martina T. Tingley, L. Curtin, S. Wickler, R. Anderson
Paleofire records document fire’s response to climate, ecosystem changes, and human-activity, offering insights into climate-fire-human relationships and the potential response of fire to anthropogenic climate change. We present three new lake sediment PAH records and a charcoal record from the Lofoten Islands, Norway to evaluate the Holocene fire history of northern Norway and examine human impacts on fire in this region. All three datasets show an increase in PAH accumulation rate over the past c. 7500 cal years BP, with an increase c. 5000 cal years BP that signals initial human impacts on fire activity. More significant increases c. 3500 cal years BP reach a maximum c. 2000 cal years BP that correlates with the establishment and expansion of agricultural settlements in Lofoten during the Late Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age. Decreased PAH accumulation rates c. 1500–900 cal years BP reflect less burning during the Late Iron Age and early medieval period. A shift toward higher molecular weight PAHs and increasing PAHs overall from c. 1000 cal years BP to present, reflects intensified human activity. Sedimentary charcoal (>125 and 63–125 µm) in the Lauvdalsvatnet record does not vary until an increase in the last 900 years, showing a proxy insensitivity to human-caused fire. The Late-Holocene increase in fire activity in Lofoten follows trends in regional charcoal records, but exhibits two distinct phases of increased fire that reflect the intensity of burning due to human landscape changes that overwhelm the signal of natural variations in regional fire activity.
古火记录记录了火对气候、生态系统变化和人类活动的响应，提供了对气候-火-人关系以及火对人为气候变化的潜在响应的见解。本文利用挪威罗弗敦群岛的3个湖泊沉积物多环芳烃记录和一个木炭记录来评估挪威北部全新世的火灾历史，并研究该地区人类活动对火灾的影响。所有三个数据集都显示，在过去的约7500 cal BP中，多环芳烃积累率有所增加，其中约5000 cal BP的增加标志着人类对火灾活动的初始影响。更显著的增加是在公元前3500年左右，在公元前2000年左右达到最大值，这与青铜时代晚期和罗马铁器时代前罗弗敦农业定居点的建立和扩张有关。1500-900 cal years BP的多环芳烃积累速率降低反映了铁器时代晚期和中世纪早期燃烧较少。从大约1000 cal years BP到现在，向更高分子量的多环芳烃的转变和多环芳烃的总体增加反映了人类活动的加剧。Lauvdalsvatnet记录中的沉积木炭(>125和63-125µm)直到最近900年才发生变化，表明对人为火灾不敏感。罗浮敦晚全新世火灾活动的增加遵循区域木炭记录的趋势，但表现出两个不同的火灾增加阶段，反映了由于人类景观变化而导致的燃烧强度，这些变化淹没了区域火灾活动的自然变化信号。
{"title":"Northern Norway paleofire records reveal two distinct phases of early human impacts on fire activity","authors":"Rebecca Topness, R. Vachula, N. Balascio, W. D'Andrea, G. Pugsley, Moussa Dia, Martina T. Tingley, L. Curtin, S. Wickler, R. Anderson","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185826","url":null,"abstract":"Paleofire records document fire’s response to climate, ecosystem changes, and human-activity, offering insights into climate-fire-human relationships and the potential response of fire to anthropogenic climate change. We present three new lake sediment PAH records and a charcoal record from the Lofoten Islands, Norway to evaluate the Holocene fire history of northern Norway and examine human impacts on fire in this region. All three datasets show an increase in PAH accumulation rate over the past c. 7500 cal years BP, with an increase c. 5000 cal years BP that signals initial human impacts on fire activity. More significant increases c. 3500 cal years BP reach a maximum c. 2000 cal years BP that correlates with the establishment and expansion of agricultural settlements in Lofoten during the Late Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age. Decreased PAH accumulation rates c. 1500–900 cal years BP reflect less burning during the Late Iron Age and early medieval period. A shift toward higher molecular weight PAHs and increasing PAHs overall from c. 1000 cal years BP to present, reflects intensified human activity. Sedimentary charcoal (>125 and 63–125 µm) in the Lauvdalsvatnet record does not vary until an increase in the last 900 years, showing a proxy insensitivity to human-caused fire. The Late-Holocene increase in fire activity in Lofoten follows trends in regional charcoal records, but exhibits two distinct phases of increased fire that reflect the intensity of burning due to human landscape changes that overwhelm the signal of natural variations in regional fire activity.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47334849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185836
A. de Vareilles, J. Woodbridge, R. Pelling, R. Fyfe, David Smith, G. Campbell, Wendy Smith, W. Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Karine le Hégarat, Lucy Allot
The onset of prehistoric farming brought unprecedented changes to landscapes and their biodiversity. Past biodiversity patterns are broadly understood for different parts of Europe, and demonstrate trajectories that have been linked to prehistoric and historic demographic transitions, and associated land-use practices. To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to directly link evidence of agricultural practice from the archaeological record to biodiversity patterns. Records of fossil pollen are used to estimate plant and landscape diversity patterns, and novel approaches are employed to analyse 1194 harmonised archaeobotanical samples (plant macrofossil remains) spanning the prehistoric and Roman periods, from southern England. We demonstrate changes in the use of crops and gathered edible plants and non-linear trends in cultivation practices. Whilst, overall, cereal production is characterised by ever larger and extensive regimes, different trajectories are evident for most of early prehistory, the Middle Iron Age and the Late Roman period. Comparisons with the Shannon diversity of fossil pollen records from the same region suggest a positive relationship between developing agricultural regimes and landscape scale biodiversity during the prehistoric period. The Roman period represents a tipping point in the relationship between expanding agriculture and pollen diversity, with declining pollen diversity evident in the records from the region.
{"title":"The development of arable cultivation in the south-east of England and its relationship with vegetation cover: A honeymoon period for biodiversity?","authors":"A. de Vareilles, J. Woodbridge, R. Pelling, R. Fyfe, David Smith, G. Campbell, Wendy Smith, W. Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Karine le Hégarat, Lucy Allot","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185836","url":null,"abstract":"The onset of prehistoric farming brought unprecedented changes to landscapes and their biodiversity. Past biodiversity patterns are broadly understood for different parts of Europe, and demonstrate trajectories that have been linked to prehistoric and historic demographic transitions, and associated land-use practices. To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to directly link evidence of agricultural practice from the archaeological record to biodiversity patterns. Records of fossil pollen are used to estimate plant and landscape diversity patterns, and novel approaches are employed to analyse 1194 harmonised archaeobotanical samples (plant macrofossil remains) spanning the prehistoric and Roman periods, from southern England. We demonstrate changes in the use of crops and gathered edible plants and non-linear trends in cultivation practices. Whilst, overall, cereal production is characterised by ever larger and extensive regimes, different trajectories are evident for most of early prehistory, the Middle Iron Age and the Late Roman period. Comparisons with the Shannon diversity of fossil pollen records from the same region suggest a positive relationship between developing agricultural regimes and landscape scale biodiversity during the prehistoric period. The Roman period represents a tipping point in the relationship between expanding agriculture and pollen diversity, with declining pollen diversity evident in the records from the region.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44828238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185827
Xiner Wu, Mathieu Lemay-Tougas, A. de Vernal, M. Garneau, B. Fréchette, T. Audet, C. Hillaire‐Marcel
The micropaleontological and palynological content, and geochemical and isotopic composition of a marine sediment core collected off Pointe-des-Monts in eastern Québec, Canada, reveal regional palaeoclimatic and paleoceanographic conditions in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary over the last ~8200 years. The pollen and spore content allows comparison with the terrestrial palynostratigraphy, whereas dinoflagellate cysts and benthic foraminifera are used to reconstruct sea-surface conditions and bottom water properties, respectively. The dinocyst-based reconstructions indicate shifts between estuarine and oceanic conditions with important changes in sea-surface temperature, salinity, and primary productivity. Both the dinocyst assemblages and the quantitative sea-surface estimates highlight a distinct transition at ca. 4200 cal years BP. It is notably marked by a change towards higher salinity, which suggests reduced freshwater discharge, hence lower precipitation in the watershed, during the Late-Holocene. The isotopic composition (δ18O and δ13C) and assemblages of the benthic foraminifera indicate centennial to millennial frequency variability of bottom water properties, over a general trend towards decreasing temperatures and increasing ventilation from the beginning of the Middle Holocene until the last century. Since then, reverse trends with abrupt warming and decreasing dissolved oxygen content in bottom water have been observed.
摘要/ abstract摘要:通过对加拿大qubec东部Pointe-des-Monts海相沉积物岩心的微古生物学、孢粉学含量、地球化学和同位素组成的分析，揭示了近8200年来下圣劳伦斯河口地区的区域古气候和古海洋条件。花粉和孢子含量可以与陆地孢粉地层进行比较，而鞭毛藻囊和底栖有孔虫则分别用于重建海面条件和底水性质。基于恐龙囊的重建显示了河口和海洋条件之间的变化，海面温度、盐度和初级生产力发生了重要变化。恐龙囊组合和定量的海面估计都强调了大约4200 cal BP的明显转变。其显著特征是盐度升高，这表明晚全新世期间淡水流量减少，因此流域降水减少。底栖有孔虫的同位素组成(δ18O和δ13C)和组合表明，从中全新世开始到上个世纪，海底水性质的频率变化呈现出温度下降和通风增加的总体趋势。自那以后，观测到底部水溶解氧含量突然变暖和减少的相反趋势。
{"title":"Multi-proxy reconstruction of climate changes in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, during the Middle and Late-Holocene","authors":"Xiner Wu, Mathieu Lemay-Tougas, A. de Vernal, M. Garneau, B. Fréchette, T. Audet, C. Hillaire‐Marcel","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185827","url":null,"abstract":"The micropaleontological and palynological content, and geochemical and isotopic composition of a marine sediment core collected off Pointe-des-Monts in eastern Québec, Canada, reveal regional palaeoclimatic and paleoceanographic conditions in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary over the last ~8200 years. The pollen and spore content allows comparison with the terrestrial palynostratigraphy, whereas dinoflagellate cysts and benthic foraminifera are used to reconstruct sea-surface conditions and bottom water properties, respectively. The dinocyst-based reconstructions indicate shifts between estuarine and oceanic conditions with important changes in sea-surface temperature, salinity, and primary productivity. Both the dinocyst assemblages and the quantitative sea-surface estimates highlight a distinct transition at ca. 4200 cal years BP. It is notably marked by a change towards higher salinity, which suggests reduced freshwater discharge, hence lower precipitation in the watershed, during the Late-Holocene. The isotopic composition (δ18O and δ13C) and assemblages of the benthic foraminifera indicate centennial to millennial frequency variability of bottom water properties, over a general trend towards decreasing temperatures and increasing ventilation from the beginning of the Middle Holocene until the last century. Since then, reverse trends with abrupt warming and decreasing dissolved oxygen content in bottom water have been observed.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45018244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185838
Krzysztof Ninard, Mateusz Stolarczyk, Piotr Łapcik, A. Uchman
The paleopedological record documented in aeolian dunes of the eastern European Sand Belt comprises predominantly Arenosols and only occasionally well-developed Podzols. There are several Late Pleistocene pedostratigraphic marker horizons of varied soil types designated in the European dune and loess deposits, but none falls within the range of the Holocene. Buried Podzol occurrences found recently in 10 inland dune sites dispersed throughout Central and Eastern Poland share similar pedological properties, geomorphological setting, and age in the 5th–15th century AD range of the historical Middle Ages. Therefore, they meet the criteria for distinction as a pedostratigraphic marker under the name Grębociny soil, after a locality with the most advanced podzolization of the paleosol dated to the High Middle Ages (1000–1300 AD). Preservation of the soils was enabled by burial during anthropogenically induced dune remobilization. At least some of the investigated dunes were used as pasture during soil development, as evidenced by tetrapod hoofprints recorded in and above the buried Podzols. Prevalent podzolization during the Middle Ages, in contrast to preceding and later times, could be facilitated by not only an impact of agriculture and forestry, but also relative warmth and humidity of the Medieval Climatic Optimum (ca. 900–1400 AD).
{"title":"Buried Podzols as a pedostratigraphic marker for the Medieval Climatic Optimum: Grębociny soil in the dune deposits of the European Sand Belt","authors":"Krzysztof Ninard, Mateusz Stolarczyk, Piotr Łapcik, A. Uchman","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185838","url":null,"abstract":"The paleopedological record documented in aeolian dunes of the eastern European Sand Belt comprises predominantly Arenosols and only occasionally well-developed Podzols. There are several Late Pleistocene pedostratigraphic marker horizons of varied soil types designated in the European dune and loess deposits, but none falls within the range of the Holocene. Buried Podzol occurrences found recently in 10 inland dune sites dispersed throughout Central and Eastern Poland share similar pedological properties, geomorphological setting, and age in the 5th–15th century AD range of the historical Middle Ages. Therefore, they meet the criteria for distinction as a pedostratigraphic marker under the name Grębociny soil, after a locality with the most advanced podzolization of the paleosol dated to the High Middle Ages (1000–1300 AD). Preservation of the soils was enabled by burial during anthropogenically induced dune remobilization. At least some of the investigated dunes were used as pasture during soil development, as evidenced by tetrapod hoofprints recorded in and above the buried Podzols. Prevalent podzolization during the Middle Ages, in contrast to preceding and later times, could be facilitated by not only an impact of agriculture and forestry, but also relative warmth and humidity of the Medieval Climatic Optimum (ca. 900–1400 AD).","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185831
Caterina Kozanoglou, M. Triantaphyllou, M. Geraga, G. Rousakis, G. Papatheodorou, A. Arabas, M. Dimiza, A. Gogou
High-resolution data for planktonic foraminifera and their groups of ecological interest, including Herbivores and Carnivores, combined with benthic foraminifera and a great variety of biogeochemical indices from the SE Aegean sediment core ST5, contribute to a detailed study concerning major and minor climatic episodes during Holocene. The ST5 sediment record, retrieved from the Tilos-Symi marine basin, evidences the impact of the nearby land, the local climate, and the Rhodes Gyre imprint on the eastern Mediterranean water circulation. Pronounced environmental changes are detected during a preconditioning period of ~400 years before the onset of sapropel S1 deposition and during the deposition phases S1a (10.0–8.4 ka BP) and S1b (8.0–6.1 ka BP). Major freshwater influx episodes (10.5 ka BP, 9.2–8.9 ka BP, 7.4 ka BP, 4.5–4.3 ka BP, and few additional during the Late-Holocene) are revealed, prominent oxygen deficiency time intervals (including a distinct brief anoxic period) as well as several drier, cooler and warmer climatic events. Herbivore planktonic foraminifera alternate their dominance with the Carnivores at the preconditioning period before the S1 onset and at the Late-Holocene (2.0–1.5 ka BP) when conditions of good seawater circulation, oxygenation, and productivity alternate with stratified low oxygenation waters and high freshwater influx from the land.
浮游有孔虫及其具有生态意义的群体（包括草食动物和食肉动物）的高分辨率数据，结合海底有孔虫和爱琴海东南部沉积物核心ST5的各种生物地球化学指数，有助于对全新世主要和次要气候事件进行详细研究。从Tilos-Symi海洋盆地检索到的ST5沉积物记录证明了附近土地、当地气候和罗德斯-吉尔印记对东地中海水循环的影响。在约400的预处理期内检测到明显的环境变化 腐泥S1沉积开始前和沉积阶段S1a（10.0–8.4 ka BP）和S1b（8.0–6.1 ka BP）。主要淡水流入事件（10.5 ka BP，9.2–8.9 ka BP，7.4 ka BP，4.5–4.3 ka BP，以及全新世晚期的少量额外事件）、显著的缺氧时间间隔（包括明显的短暂缺氧期）以及几个更干燥、更凉爽和更温暖的气候事件。在S1爆发前的预处理期和全新世晚期（2.0–1.5 ka BP），当良好的海水循环、充氧和生产力条件与分层的低充氧水和来自陆地的高淡水流入交替时。
{"title":"A high-resolution study of planktonic foraminifera during the Holocene at the Tilos-Symi sea basin in the SE Aegean Sea","authors":"Caterina Kozanoglou, M. Triantaphyllou, M. Geraga, G. Rousakis, G. Papatheodorou, A. Arabas, M. Dimiza, A. Gogou","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185831","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution data for planktonic foraminifera and their groups of ecological interest, including Herbivores and Carnivores, combined with benthic foraminifera and a great variety of biogeochemical indices from the SE Aegean sediment core ST5, contribute to a detailed study concerning major and minor climatic episodes during Holocene. The ST5 sediment record, retrieved from the Tilos-Symi marine basin, evidences the impact of the nearby land, the local climate, and the Rhodes Gyre imprint on the eastern Mediterranean water circulation. Pronounced environmental changes are detected during a preconditioning period of ~400 years before the onset of sapropel S1 deposition and during the deposition phases S1a (10.0–8.4 ka BP) and S1b (8.0–6.1 ka BP). Major freshwater influx episodes (10.5 ka BP, 9.2–8.9 ka BP, 7.4 ka BP, 4.5–4.3 ka BP, and few additional during the Late-Holocene) are revealed, prominent oxygen deficiency time intervals (including a distinct brief anoxic period) as well as several drier, cooler and warmer climatic events. Herbivore planktonic foraminifera alternate their dominance with the Carnivores at the preconditioning period before the S1 onset and at the Late-Holocene (2.0–1.5 ka BP) when conditions of good seawater circulation, oxygenation, and productivity alternate with stratified low oxygenation waters and high freshwater influx from the land.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42106041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.1177/09596836231185835
Rubén Pardo Martínez, José Antonio Olmedo Cobo, J. G. Zotano, F. A. Sánchez
The mountains of the southern Iberian Peninsula are important biodiversity hotspots. They are also home to several relict species that are threatened with extinction in the face of global change. One of the best examples is the Serranía de Ronda, a system of mountainous reliefs located at the western end of the Baetic Cordillera. Its tree cover includes, among other unusual taxa, endemic formations such as the Spanish fir ( Abies pinsapo) and Portuguese oak ( Quercus faginea) forests. However, despite the ecological exceptionality of this mountainous area, little is known about its paleobiogeography. To remedy this, in this research we take a multidisciplinary approach based on the application of several different paleoecological disciplines, of which pedoanthracology is the main methodological tool. Six new soil surveys were performed, which were added to the existing pedoanthracological network, making a total of 43 soil sampling sites. The taxonomic analysis revealed several taxa, such as Abies, Fraxinus, Pinus and Pinus sylvestris-type, which are currently absent in several of the sampled sites. After contextualizing the 36 new radiocarbon dates obtained, the results confirm the antiquity of certain paleoendemic forests in the Serranía de Ronda, and the important role played by certain mountain enclaves as refuges for conifers such as A. pinsapo and Pinus sylvestris-type during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The dissemination of the results of this research will enable them to be implemented in the different strategies of adaptive management of the most threatened forests of the Serranía de Ronda.
伊比利亚半岛南部的山脉是重要的生物多样性热点地区。面对全球变化，它们也是几个濒临灭绝的物种的家园。其中一个最好的例子是Serranía de Ronda，这是一个位于Baetic Cordillera西端的山地浮雕系统。在其他不寻常的分类群中，它的树木覆盖包括西班牙冷杉(Abies pinsapo)和葡萄牙橡树(Quercus faginea)等特有的结构。然而，尽管这一山区具有独特的生态特征，但人们对其古生物地理知之甚少。为了解决这一问题，在本研究中，我们采用了基于几种不同古生态学科应用的多学科方法，其中土壤人类学是主要的方法工具。进行了6次新的土壤调查，并将其添加到现有的土壤人类学网络中，使土壤采样点总数达到43个。分类学分析显示，冷杉(Abies)、曲松(Fraxinus)、松(Pinus)和西尔山松(Pinus sylvestris-type)等几种类群在若干样地均未出现。结合36个新的放射性碳年代，结果证实了Serranía de Ronda地区某些古特有森林的古老，以及某些山地飞地在更新世-全新世过渡时期作为针叶树(如A. pinsapo和Pinus sylvestris-type)的避难所发挥的重要作用。这项研究结果的传播将使它们能够在对Serranía de Ronda最受威胁的森林进行适应性管理的不同战略中得到执行。
{"title":"Multiproxy analysis for the paleobiogeographical reconstruction of the relict forests of the Serranía de Ronda during the Holocene (Baetic System, Spain)","authors":"Rubén Pardo Martínez, José Antonio Olmedo Cobo, J. G. Zotano, F. A. Sánchez","doi":"10.1177/09596836231185835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185835","url":null,"abstract":"The mountains of the southern Iberian Peninsula are important biodiversity hotspots. They are also home to several relict species that are threatened with extinction in the face of global change. One of the best examples is the Serranía de Ronda, a system of mountainous reliefs located at the western end of the Baetic Cordillera. Its tree cover includes, among other unusual taxa, endemic formations such as the Spanish fir ( Abies pinsapo) and Portuguese oak ( Quercus faginea) forests. However, despite the ecological exceptionality of this mountainous area, little is known about its paleobiogeography. To remedy this, in this research we take a multidisciplinary approach based on the application of several different paleoecological disciplines, of which pedoanthracology is the main methodological tool. Six new soil surveys were performed, which were added to the existing pedoanthracological network, making a total of 43 soil sampling sites. The taxonomic analysis revealed several taxa, such as Abies, Fraxinus, Pinus and Pinus sylvestris-type, which are currently absent in several of the sampled sites. After contextualizing the 36 new radiocarbon dates obtained, the results confirm the antiquity of certain paleoendemic forests in the Serranía de Ronda, and the important role played by certain mountain enclaves as refuges for conifers such as A. pinsapo and Pinus sylvestris-type during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The dissemination of the results of this research will enable them to be implemented in the different strategies of adaptive management of the most threatened forests of the Serranía de Ronda.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41465421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1177/09596836231183067
A. Farooqui, Salman Khan, R. Agnihotri, B. Phartiyal, S. Shukla
The Ganga-Sai River Interfluve contains several ox-bow lakes in the fertile Central Ganga plains (CGP). A ~2.20-meter deep sedimentary profile obtained near the Chandra Shekhar Azad bird sanctuary (Nawabganj lake-NL) of the CGP was studied to understand the evolution of the ecosystem and climate using pollen/spores, diatoms, testate amoebae, environmental magnetic data,and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This sedimentary profile is chronologically well-constrained by five radiocarbon (14C) dates. Between 4.6 and 4.4 ka, the sandy sediment and pollen evidence for riparian forest, the absence of aquatic pollen and sponge spicules suggest scant water in the vicinity through the river channel. A semi-closed fluvial ecosystem between 4.4 and 4.2 ka is indicated by testate amoebae, sponge spicules and arboreal pollen. At least two intermittent warm conditions prevailed between 4.6 and 4.2 ka. Between 4.2 and 2.8 ka, high aquatic pollen, diatoms and testate amoebae indicate a lake ecosystem. By ~2.8–0.9 ka the gammoscleres from sponges formed during dry seasons indicate recharging during monsoon as the river shifted. Thereafter, agricultural pollen (Brassica and Apiaceae) indicates a further shift in the lake boundary exposing land. The highly sandy texture, fluctuating δ13C, δ15N and magnetic mineral values indicate an unstable fluvio-lacustrine deposition inducing hydroecological changes influenced by intermittent about 5–6 humid and dry climatic conditions since ~4.6 ka to present. The calcrete layer in the bottom sediments shows high aridity in CGP between ~5 and 4.6 ka reaching the climax cold-dry event of ~4.2 ka recorded worldwide. The spectral analysis of palynological data from NL and the contemporary Barela Lake, reveals de Vries and Gleissberg cycles of low and high solar irradiance at centennial to multi-centennial scale during the Holocene. The impact on vegetation, sediment depositional dynamics, and shift in river channel was more rapid showing the dominance of ~200 years. periodicity post ~5 ka as compared to ~300 years of dominance prior to this. This centennial timescale is of great speculation for future climate predictions in CGP coupled with the anthropogenic forcings.
{"title":"Monitoring hydroecology and climatic variability since ~4.6 ka from palynological, sedimentological and environmental perspectives in an Ox-bow lake, Central Ganga Plain, India","authors":"A. Farooqui, Salman Khan, R. Agnihotri, B. Phartiyal, S. Shukla","doi":"10.1177/09596836231183067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231183067","url":null,"abstract":"The Ganga-Sai River Interfluve contains several ox-bow lakes in the fertile Central Ganga plains (CGP). A ~2.20-meter deep sedimentary profile obtained near the Chandra Shekhar Azad bird sanctuary (Nawabganj lake-NL) of the CGP was studied to understand the evolution of the ecosystem and climate using pollen/spores, diatoms, testate amoebae, environmental magnetic data,and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This sedimentary profile is chronologically well-constrained by five radiocarbon (14C) dates. Between 4.6 and 4.4 ka, the sandy sediment and pollen evidence for riparian forest, the absence of aquatic pollen and sponge spicules suggest scant water in the vicinity through the river channel. A semi-closed fluvial ecosystem between 4.4 and 4.2 ka is indicated by testate amoebae, sponge spicules and arboreal pollen. At least two intermittent warm conditions prevailed between 4.6 and 4.2 ka. Between 4.2 and 2.8 ka, high aquatic pollen, diatoms and testate amoebae indicate a lake ecosystem. By ~2.8–0.9 ka the gammoscleres from sponges formed during dry seasons indicate recharging during monsoon as the river shifted. Thereafter, agricultural pollen (Brassica and Apiaceae) indicates a further shift in the lake boundary exposing land. The highly sandy texture, fluctuating δ13C, δ15N and magnetic mineral values indicate an unstable fluvio-lacustrine deposition inducing hydroecological changes influenced by intermittent about 5–6 humid and dry climatic conditions since ~4.6 ka to present. The calcrete layer in the bottom sediments shows high aridity in CGP between ~5 and 4.6 ka reaching the climax cold-dry event of ~4.2 ka recorded worldwide. The spectral analysis of palynological data from NL and the contemporary Barela Lake, reveals de Vries and Gleissberg cycles of low and high solar irradiance at centennial to multi-centennial scale during the Holocene. The impact on vegetation, sediment depositional dynamics, and shift in river channel was more rapid showing the dominance of ~200 years. periodicity post ~5 ka as compared to ~300 years of dominance prior to this. This centennial timescale is of great speculation for future climate predictions in CGP coupled with the anthropogenic forcings.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"1272 - 1288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49221896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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