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Stone products of the Roman municipium of Neviodunum, Pannonia (modern Drnovo, Slovenia) 潘诺尼亚(今斯洛文尼亚德尔诺沃)内维奥杜努姆罗马市镇的石制品
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13029
Katharina Zanier, Rok Brajkovič, Luka Gale, Matevž Novak
The paper presents the lithologies used in the stone products of Neviodunum (modern Drnovo in Slovenia), a Roman municipium in south‐western Pannonia. For this purpose, 95 stone monuments were assessed. Petrographic and biostratigraphic analyses were carried out on 56 archaeological and 57 geological samples. Our research shows that, besides some rare exceptions, most stone products refer to three lithostratigraphic units: the Middle Miocene ‘Lithothamnium’ Limestone Member of the Laško Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Krško Formation and the Early Jurassic Krka Limestone Member of the Podbukovje Formation.
本文介绍了潘诺尼亚西南部的一个罗马市镇内维奥杜努姆(Neviodunum,今斯洛文尼亚德诺沃市)的石制品所使用的岩性。为此,对 95 块石碑进行了评估。对 56 个考古样本和 57 个地质样本进行了岩石学和生物地层学分析。我们的研究表明,除极少数例外情况外,大多数石制品属于三个岩石地层单元:拉什科地层的中新世 "Lithothamnium "石灰岩层、上白垩世克什科地层和波德布科夫耶地层的早侏罗世克尔卡石灰岩层。
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引用次数: 0
Physical analysis and inverse methods applied to archaeological FIRE replications on ATACAMA desert soils, northern Chile 物理分析和反演方法应用于智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠土壤上的考古 FIRE 复制品
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13030
Édouard Canot, Renaud Delannay, Calogero M. Santoro
Physical analysis of in situ fire experiments on soils are useful for the estimation of subsurface thermal diffusivity, which is affected by factors such as water, heterogeneity and heating conditions. To address the uncertainties due to these factors, a new data‐processing procedure based on inverse methods was developed and experimentally applied to soils from an archaeological site in the Atacama Desert, Chile. By combining experimental data and numerical simulations, we determined the dominant physical processes arising during the heating. The analysis succeeded in defining practical procedures to obtain a more accurate estimation of the diffusivities, thus reducing the above‐mentioned uncertainties.
对土壤进行原位火烧实验的物理分析有助于估算受水、异质性和加热条件等因素影响的地下热扩散率。为了解决这些因素造成的不确定性,我们开发了一种基于反演方法的新数据处理程序,并将其应用于智利阿塔卡马沙漠考古遗址的土壤实验。通过结合实验数据和数值模拟,我们确定了加热过程中产生的主要物理过程。这项分析成功地确定了实用程序,以便更准确地估计扩散率,从而减少上述不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
The production of terra sigillata in Arezzo, Central Italy: an archaeometric investigation 意大利中部阿雷佐的陶器制作:考古调查
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13023
Maria Emanuela Mascaro, Emma Cantisani, Marilena Ricci, Pasquino Pallecchi, Silvia Vilucchi, Maria Chiara Dalconi, Lara Maritan
This work deals with the archaeometric investigation on 25 fragments of terra sigillata (red‐coated ceramic ware and moulds) found in the city of Arezzo, Tuscany (central Italy), and attributed to several important workshops from the first century BCE to the second century CE. Optical and spectroscopic techniques were used to analyse both the ceramic bodies and the red slips. All the potsherds showed a very fine‐grained ceramic body, sharing similar mineralogical compositions, mainly consisting in quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene, hematite, K‐feldspars, and illite/muscovite. The mineralogical data suggest that both the red‐coated wares and the moulds were produced using the same calcareous‐illitic clay and fired under oxidising conditions at temperatures between 850°C and 1000°C. A K‐rich illitic clay with a Fe content around 10–15% (in wt%) was used to elaborate the slips. Al‐substituted hematite was found in red slips by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Comparison of the chemical data with terra sigillata from other important production areas in Italy and from other regions of the Meditteranean Sea, allowed to define that the studied samples, locally produced in Arezzo, differ systematically from all others, although they show similarities with nearby Pisan productions as well as those Puteolan.
这项研究对托斯卡纳阿雷佐市(意大利中部)发现的 25 块红陶(涂红的陶瓷器和模具)碎片进行了考古调查,这些碎片出自公元前一世纪至公元前二世纪的几个重要作坊。我们使用光学和光谱技术对陶器主体和红泥进行了分析。所有陶器的陶体都非常细腻,矿物成分相似,主要由石英、斜长石、辉石、赤铁矿、K 长石和伊利石/墨石棉组成。矿物学数据表明,红衣陶器和模具都是用同一种方解石-伊利石粘土制作的,并在氧化条件下于 850°C 至 1000°C 的温度下烧制而成。制作坯片时使用了一种铁含量约为 10-15% (以重量百分比计)、富含 K 的伊利石粘土。通过显微拉曼光谱分析,在红色坯料中发现了铝代赤铁矿。将化学数据与意大利其他重要产区和地中海其他地区的赤陶进行比较,可以确定所研究的阿雷佐当地出产的样品与其他所有样品存在系统性差异,尽管它们与附近的皮桑出产的样品以及普特奥兰出产的样品有相似之处。
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引用次数: 0
Non‐invasive analysis of Chinese traditional dyes in royal textiles of the Qing dynasty by excitation–emission matrix fluorescence 利用激发-发射矩阵荧光对清代皇家纺织品中的中国传统染料进行无创分析
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13027
Li Zhao, Yunli Wang, Yun Zhang, Xu Wang, Yong Lei, An Gu
Chinese royal textiles of the Qing dynasty are widely collected around the world, creating a significant demand for dye identification in these textiles. However, the need for sampling in conventional analytical methods greatly limits their applicability. To address this issue, a non‐invasive analysis method based on excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence was developed. In this study, the EEM spectra of 18 typical natural dyeing recipes used for royal textiles of the Qing dynasty were systematically characterized. The results demonstrated that EEM fluorescence is effective in discriminating between natural dyes with similar colour hues and various dyeing techniques. Furthermore, the dyeing recipes of two historical kesi cushions in the Palace Museum, Beijing, were non‐invasively decoded.
中国清代皇家纺织品在世界各地被广泛收藏,因此对这些纺织品的染料鉴定有很大需求。然而,传统分析方法需要取样,这大大限制了其适用性。为解决这一问题,我们开发了一种基于激发-发射矩阵(EEM)荧光的非侵入式分析方法。本研究对清代皇家纺织品使用的 18 种典型天然染色配方的 EEM 光谱进行了系统表征。结果表明,EEM 荧光能有效区分色调相似的天然染料和各种染色工艺。此外,还对北京故宫博物院收藏的两个历史悠久的缂丝坐垫的染色配方进行了非侵入式解码。
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引用次数: 0
Microstructural and elemental analyses of slags excavated from the Gushishan iron‐smelting site, Sichuan province, China 中国四川省龟石山冶铁遗址出土矿渣的微观结构和元素分析
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13026
Yingfu Li, Hang Xiao, Chunyan Ma, Yasuyuki Murakami, Tianqiang Sun, Yuniu Li
The Shu Commandery was an important iron production center in southwest China during the Han Dynasty (202 BC‐AD 220). In 2007, archaeologists excavated a Han Dynasty smelting furnace (L1) at the Gushishan site and collected large amounts of smelting remains including slags, furnace bricks, and ores. Scientific analysis of the excavated slags was carried out to ascertain that the Gushishan site was a pig iron smelting site. No flux was used at the Gushishan site, and the site is dated no later than the Eastern Han period. No remains related to iron casting of the Han Dynasty was found at or near the iron smelting sites in southwest China, which indicates a separation between iron smelting and iron casting as characteristics of the industrial layout in this region.
蜀郡在汉代(公元前 202 年至公元 220 年)是中国西南地区重要的冶铁中心。2007 年,考古学家在龟山遗址发掘了一座汉代冶炼炉(L1),并采集了大量冶炼遗物,包括炉渣、炉砖和矿石。通过对出土炉渣进行科学分析,确定鼓石山遗址为生铁冶炼遗址。龟山遗址没有使用熔剂,其年代不晚于东汉时期。在中国西南地区的冶铁遗址或其附近没有发现与汉代铸铁有关的遗迹,这表明冶铁与铸铁分离是这一地区工业布局的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in radiocarbon dating: An overview of its impact on Mexican archaeology 放射性碳年代测定的进展:概述其对墨西哥考古学的影响
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13028
Corina Solís, María Rodríguez‐Ceja, Alberto Alcántara‐Chávez, Miguel Ángel Martínez‐Carrillo
In this article, we provide a concise historical summary tracing the evolution of radiocarbon dating techniques in Mexico and Central America. We explore the contributions of early pioneers who first employed radiocarbon dating methods, leading to the establishment of a Mexican accelerator mass spectrometry laboratory. The study highlights its pivotal role in shaping chronological frameworks for archaeological investigations in Mexico. Additionally, we describe two noteworthy case studies—Chiquihuite Cave and Golondrinas Chasm—as exemplars of successful applications of radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis in contemporary archaeological practices in Mexico.
在这篇文章中,我们简要回顾了墨西哥和中美洲放射性碳年代测定技术的发展历程。我们探讨了最早采用放射性碳年代测定方法的先驱者的贡献,他们的贡献促成了墨西哥加速器质谱实验室的建立。这项研究强调了该实验室在墨西哥考古调查中形成年代框架的关键作用。此外,我们还介绍了两个值得注意的案例研究--Chiquihuite 洞穴和 Golondrinas Chasm--它们是在墨西哥当代考古实践中成功应用放射性碳年代测定和贝叶斯分析的典范。
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引用次数: 0
Meta‐analysis of an integrated archaeobiological and environmental dataset: Revealing hidden trends in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age socio‐economies in southern Central Asia 综合考古生物学和环境数据集的元分析:揭示中亚南部旧石器时代和青铜时代社会经济的隐藏趋势
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13016
Lynne M. Rouse, Ashleigh Haruda, Sydney A. Hunter, Sonja Kroll
We present the results of multivariate and exploratory statistical analyses of a large dataset that includes zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, chrono‐cultural and proxy environmental data. Data are drawn from published specialist reports from 39 archaeological sites and include 49 distinct chronological contexts dated from the Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (c.5300–1500 BCE) in southern Central Asia. Results support broad observations on the stability of agro‐pastoral subsistence, while indicating that the environment had a minor influence in comparison with the economic and cultural use of species, as revealed through subtle variations across sites and as packages of co‐occurring taxa that link sites within integrated socio‐economies.
我们介绍了对包括动物考古学、考古植物学、年代文化和代用环境数据在内的大型数据集进行多元和探索性统计分析的结果。这些数据来自已发表的 39 个考古遗址的专家报告,包括中亚南部从旧石器时代到青铜时代(约公元前 5300-1500 年)的 49 个不同年代背景。研究结果支持对农牧业生存稳定性的广泛观察,同时表明,与物种的经济和文化利用相比,环境的影响较小,这体现在不同遗址之间的微妙变化,以及将遗址与综合社会经济联系在一起的共生类群。
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引用次数: 0
Controlled comparative tensile tests of backed versus non‐backed edges’ adhesion: Inferences into stone tool functional properties 有衬底与无衬底边缘附着力的受控比较拉伸试验:石器功能特性的推论
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13025
Michael Wilson, Briggs Buchanan, Michael Fisch, Michelle R. Bebber, Metin I. Eren, Justin Pargeter
Backing is a procedure for retouching a stone tool edge to an angle of or near 90°. Archaeologists have recorded backed lithic specimens in the Pleistocene and Holocene around the world. One prominent hypothesis for the occurrence of backing is that it increases a stone tool's adhesion relative to what it would have otherwise been with unmodified, sharp edges. We conducted a highly controlled semi‐static tensile test in which we assessed lithic specimens that possessed both a backed and a non‐backed edge, opposing each other. We hafted each specimen's backed and non‐backed edges to wood, and the bi‐hafted stone implement was then pulled apart using an Universal Instron Materials Tester, allowing for a direct ‘head‐to‐head’ comparison of the two edge types’ adhesive properties. Our tensile test results suggested no significant difference between backed and non‐backed edges in terms of adhesion, which does not support the hypothesis that backing increases a lithic specimen's adhesion.
倒角是一种将石器边缘修饰成 90° 或接近 90° 角的程序。考古学家在世界各地的更新世和全新世都发现了有背衬的石器标本。出现背斜的一个主要假设是,相对于未经修饰的锋利边缘,背斜增加了石器的附着力。我们进行了一项高度受控的半静态拉伸试验,评估了同时拥有背衬边和无背衬边且相互对立的石器标本。我们将每个试样的有背边缘和无背边缘固定在木头上,然后使用通用的 Instron 材料测试仪将双柄石器拉开,这样就可以直接 "正面 "比较两种边缘类型的粘合特性。拉伸测试结果表明,有背衬和无背衬的边缘在粘附性方面没有明显差异,这并不支持有背衬会增加石器样本粘附性的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Lead isotopes may link the earliest silver hoard from Megiddo to the military campaign of Thutmose III 铅同位素可能将美吉多最早的银囤与图特摩斯三世的军事行动联系起来
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13021
Tzilla Eshel, Israel Finkelstein
During the University of Chicago excavations at Megiddo, a 135 g hoard of silver fragments wrapped in cloth and enclosed in a small clay jug was unearthed in a room with an earthen or plastered floor, in a focal point of the Middle Bronze (MB) city. It was affiliated by the excavators with Stratum XIIIA, dated to the MB I. The hoard is published here for the first time, along with various possibilities for its dating, the weights of the items, and the chemical composition and isotopic ratios of a selected number of them. Although the hoard could be associated with several overlying MB II strata, the isotopic ratios of the silver, combined with archaeological considerations, suggest that it be placed in the Late Bronze Stratum IX and associated with the siege and takeover of Megiddo by Thutmose III in the mid‐15th century bce.
芝加哥大学在美吉多进行发掘期间,在中青铜时期(MB)城市的一个中心地带,在一个铺着土或灰泥地面的房间里出土了一批重 135 克、用布包着并装在一个小陶罐里的银器碎片。发掘者将其归入第 XIIIA 层,年代为中青铜时期(MB I)。本文首次公布了这批囤积物,以及各种可能的年代、物品重量、部分物品的化学成分和同位素比值。尽管这批银器可能与上覆的几个 MB II 地层有关,但银器的同位素比值加上考古学方面的考虑,建议将其归入青铜晚期第九层,并与公元前 15 世纪中叶图特摩斯三世围攻和接管梅吉多有关。
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引用次数: 0
The first isotopic evidence of Early Iron Age lead ore exploitation in the Silesian‐Krakow upland, Poland: a provenance study of Lusatian culture lead ornaments 波兰西里西亚-克拉科夫高地早期铁器时代铅矿开采的首个同位素证据:卢萨特文化铅装饰品的出处研究
IF 1.6 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13022
E. Miśta‐Jakubowska, K. Dzięgielewski, D. Rozmus, R. Czech‐Błońska, M. Szymaszkiewicz, M. Michnik, A. Gójska, J. Karasiński, A. Garbacz‐Klempka, B. Wagner, W. Duczko
The Bronze and Early Iron Ages witnessed a significant increase in trade relations driven by the search for valuable metals. This paper presents new insights into the use of galena from the Silesia and Krakow Upland region in southern Poland, known as the ‘Olkusz ore deposits’, within the context of metal ores in prehistoric Europe. Eleven lead‐based ornaments from Lusatian Urnfield Culture cemeteries were examined using lead isotope analysis. The majority of these ornaments were found to be made from local ore, which provides evidence for the early exploitation of Olkusz lead deposits dating back 1,000 years earlier than previously known from archaeological artefacts.
青铜时代和早期铁器时代,在寻找贵重金属的推动下,贸易关系显著增加。本文从史前欧洲金属矿石的角度,对波兰南部西里西亚和克拉科夫高地地区(被称为 "奥尔库什矿床")方铅矿的使用提出了新的见解。研究人员利用铅同位素分析方法对卢萨西亚乌恩菲尔德文化墓地中的 11 件铅制装饰品进行了研究。研究发现,这些装饰品大多由当地矿石制成,这为奥尔库什铅矿床的早期开采提供了证据,其时间比考古文物中已知的要早 1000 年。
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引用次数: 0
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Archaeometry
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