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Buried Pockmarks Associated With Listric Faults of Salt Minibasins (Espírito Santo, SE Brazil): Evidence for Local Hydrocarbon Escape Since the Miocene
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70015
Qiang Zhang, Tiago M. Alves, Marco Antonio Caçador Martins-Ferreira
Buried pockmarks are features associated with fluid seepage through ancient seafloors. In this work, high-quality 3D seismic reflection and well data are used to investigate the geometry, distribution and significance of listric faults and associated pockmarks in a salt minibasin from offshore Espírito Santo, SE Brazil. The results show that six out of ten pockmarks interpreted in the study area have crescent, elliptical, or elongated shapes. They occur along the trace of listric faults and on their immediate hanging-wall blocks, with pockmarks' long axes being nearly parallel to the strike of the faults. The pockmarks are approximately 1300–6200 m long, 600–4000 m wide, 30–139 m deep, and buried 50 to 500 m below the modern seafloor. They can be divided into fault-strike (type I) and fault hanging-wall (type II) pockmarks based on their spatial relationships. Type I represents pockmarks developed along the trace of listric faults, which acted as fluid conduits. Type II pockmarks were developed away from fault traces on their hanging-wall blocks. Their occurrence near listric faults was controlled by multiple factors, including the relative depth, length, area, and maximum displacement of listric faults. In addition, listric faults below horizon H4—an Upper Paleogene unconformity—do not show pockmarks around them. Listric faults with greater length, area, and maximum displacements were more likely to form pockmarks. In conclusion, the studied pockmarks are evidence for local hydrocarbon escape occurring in the Espírito Santo Basin since the Miocene. The results presented here can be applied to other regions around the world prone to geohazards and where carbon and hydrogen storage solutions are being proposed.
{"title":"Buried Pockmarks Associated With Listric Faults of Salt Minibasins (Espírito Santo, SE Brazil): Evidence for Local Hydrocarbon Escape Since the Miocene","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Tiago M. Alves, Marco Antonio Caçador Martins-Ferreira","doi":"10.1111/bre.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70015","url":null,"abstract":"Buried pockmarks are features associated with fluid seepage through ancient seafloors. In this work, high-quality 3D seismic reflection and well data are used to investigate the geometry, distribution and significance of listric faults and associated pockmarks in a salt minibasin from offshore Espírito Santo, SE Brazil. The results show that six out of ten pockmarks interpreted in the study area have crescent, elliptical, or elongated shapes. They occur along the trace of listric faults and on their immediate hanging-wall blocks, with pockmarks' long axes being nearly parallel to the strike of the faults. The pockmarks are approximately 1300–6200 m long, 600–4000 m wide, 30–139 m deep, and buried 50 to 500 m below the modern seafloor. They can be divided into fault-strike (type I) and fault hanging-wall (type II) pockmarks based on their spatial relationships. Type I represents pockmarks developed along the trace of listric faults, which acted as fluid conduits. Type II pockmarks were developed away from fault traces on their hanging-wall blocks. Their occurrence near listric faults was controlled by multiple factors, including the relative depth, length, area, and maximum displacement of listric faults. In addition, listric faults below horizon H4—an Upper Paleogene unconformity—do not show pockmarks around them. Listric faults with greater length, area, and maximum displacements were more likely to form pockmarks. In conclusion, the studied pockmarks are evidence for local hydrocarbon escape occurring in the Espírito Santo Basin since the Miocene. The results presented here can be applied to other regions around the world prone to geohazards and where carbon and hydrogen storage solutions are being proposed.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serpentinite–Sediment Associations: Provenance Controlled by Competing Extensional–Contractional Tectonic Processes During the Evolution of the Northern Apennines (Eastern Elba Island, Tuscany)
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70012
Joachim Jacobs, Sergio Rocchi, Wolfgang Bach, Matteo Masotta, Leif‐Erik Rydland Pedersen
Orogenic wedges juxtapose tectonic units that originated far from each other, and tracing these back to their origin is often difficult. We have studied two contrasting serpentinite–sediment associations of the Alpine‐Apennine orogenic wedge of eastern Elba Island with the help of a detrital zircon study of the sediments and a geochemical comparison of the relic phases of their associated serpentinites. We demonstrate that these very likely originated in different branches of the Ligurian Ocean and in contrasting tectonic settings, one during opening of Alpine Tethys and the other during Apenninic contraction‐exhumation. First, the Early Cretaceous Palombini shales are associated with abyssal ocean floor serpentinite–ophicalcites of a Ligurian ophiolite (LO) that originated in the western branch of the Ligurian Ocean during ultraslow spreading. They have an Adria/African zircon provenance, indicating proximity to Adria rather than Corsica‐Europe and the associated serpentinites are highly depleted and relatively little deformed. The second sediment–serpentinite association has a tectonised serpentinite band in contact with highly deformed, Miocene blueschist facies metasediments. Detrital zircons of these metasediments (Acquadolce (AD) and Pseudomacigno) record major Eocene–Oligocene U–Pb zircon age peaks, with an igneous provenance in the western and central Alps respectively. An age peak at ca. 38 Ma links the Pseudomacigno sediments to calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks of the central Adamello massif, whilst an Oligocene age peak at ca. 32 Ma indicates western Alpine sources for the AD Unit. The associated massive, highly tectonised AD serpentinite represents most likely a mantle sliver of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which together with Oligocene blueschist facies rocks underwent synorogenic Apenninic tectonic extrusion during W‐directed subduction–rollback of the eastern branch of the Ligurian Ocean.
{"title":"Serpentinite–Sediment Associations: Provenance Controlled by Competing Extensional–Contractional Tectonic Processes During the Evolution of the Northern Apennines (Eastern Elba Island, Tuscany)","authors":"Joachim Jacobs, Sergio Rocchi, Wolfgang Bach, Matteo Masotta, Leif‐Erik Rydland Pedersen","doi":"10.1111/bre.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70012","url":null,"abstract":"Orogenic wedges juxtapose tectonic units that originated far from each other, and tracing these back to their origin is often difficult. We have studied two contrasting serpentinite–sediment associations of the Alpine‐Apennine orogenic wedge of eastern Elba Island with the help of a detrital zircon study of the sediments and a geochemical comparison of the relic phases of their associated serpentinites. We demonstrate that these very likely originated in different branches of the Ligurian Ocean and in contrasting tectonic settings, one during opening of Alpine Tethys and the other during Apenninic contraction‐exhumation. First, the Early Cretaceous Palombini shales are associated with abyssal ocean floor serpentinite–ophicalcites of a Ligurian ophiolite (LO) that originated in the western branch of the Ligurian Ocean during ultraslow spreading. They have an Adria/African zircon provenance, indicating proximity to Adria rather than Corsica‐Europe and the associated serpentinites are highly depleted and relatively little deformed. The second sediment–serpentinite association has a tectonised serpentinite band in contact with highly deformed, Miocene blueschist facies metasediments. Detrital zircons of these metasediments (Acquadolce (AD) and Pseudomacigno) record major Eocene–Oligocene U–Pb zircon age peaks, with an igneous provenance in the western and central Alps respectively. An age peak at ca. 38 Ma links the Pseudomacigno sediments to calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks of the central Adamello massif, whilst an Oligocene age peak at ca. 32 Ma indicates western Alpine sources for the AD Unit. The associated massive, highly tectonised AD serpentinite represents most likely a mantle sliver of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which together with Oligocene blueschist facies rocks underwent synorogenic Apenninic tectonic extrusion during W‐directed subduction–rollback of the eastern branch of the Ligurian Ocean.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"95 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinematics of Submarine Channels in Response to Bank Failures
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70013
Massine Bouchakour, Xiaoming Zhao, Davide Gamboa, Crina Miclăuș, Adam D. McArthur, Shuchun Cao, Li Yang
Submarine channel systems play a crucial role in the delivery of clastic sediments, organic carbon and pollutants across continental margins, and help define the stratigraphic architecture of deep-sea fans and their associated reservoirs. These systems generate complex lateral migration dynamics and resulting sedimentary architectures, which are often overprinted by a variety of local factors. For example, the debris from channel-wall collapses may block or restrict channel flow, thereby influencing the kinematics of stacking elements and the sinuosity of channels. Here, we investigate the responses of submarine channels to bank failures, using quantitative approaches from the Niger Delta Fulani Channel. Using 3D seismic data, we introduce a novel approach to interpreting the structural framework of channels, referred to as the structural gradient, which quantifies the relationship between sedimentary architecture and underlying structures. Bank failure mass transport deposits (MTDs) were characterised by downstream changes of cross-sectional area and the proportion of collapsed material deposited. These parameters were used to correlate the responses of channel width, thickness, aspect ratio and lateral migration, as well as the channel planform parameters (i.e., sinuosity and meander amplitude) to the occurrence of flanking MTDs. Our results demonstrate that bank failures significantly influence channel sinuosity by causing localised swings in channel pathways, impacting the overall channel morphology and stratigraphic evolution. The relationships between all channel parameters depend on the ratios of bank failures, and locations of channel-wall failures. The combined effects of bank failure confinement and structural growth control channel element stacking patterns, resulting in vertical stacks related to compensational relationships between adjacent channel complexes. Significant confinements by MTD emplacement led to rapid channel infill linked to progressive flow relaxation promoting progressive lateral mobility. Channel migration is limited by MTD accumulation to a maximum width of 1700 m. Channel lateral shift reacts to channel-wall collapses, resulting in limited lateral mobility at regional scale. We show for the first time how the kinematics of submarine channels evolved in terms of the constraints of channel-wall collapses and active structural deformation.
{"title":"Kinematics of Submarine Channels in Response to Bank Failures","authors":"Massine Bouchakour, Xiaoming Zhao, Davide Gamboa, Crina Miclăuș, Adam D. McArthur, Shuchun Cao, Li Yang","doi":"10.1111/bre.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70013","url":null,"abstract":"Submarine channel systems play a crucial role in the delivery of clastic sediments, organic carbon and pollutants across continental margins, and help define the stratigraphic architecture of deep-sea fans and their associated reservoirs. These systems generate complex lateral migration dynamics and resulting sedimentary architectures, which are often overprinted by a variety of local factors. For example, the debris from channel-wall collapses may block or restrict channel flow, thereby influencing the kinematics of stacking elements and the sinuosity of channels. Here, we investigate the responses of submarine channels to bank failures, using quantitative approaches from the Niger Delta Fulani Channel. Using 3D seismic data, we introduce a novel approach to interpreting the structural framework of channels, referred to as the structural gradient, which quantifies the relationship between sedimentary architecture and underlying structures. Bank failure mass transport deposits (MTDs) were characterised by downstream changes of cross-sectional area and the proportion of collapsed material deposited. These parameters were used to correlate the responses of channel width, thickness, aspect ratio and lateral migration, as well as the channel planform parameters (i.e., sinuosity and meander amplitude) to the occurrence of flanking MTDs. Our results demonstrate that bank failures significantly influence channel sinuosity by causing localised swings in channel pathways, impacting the overall channel morphology and stratigraphic evolution. The relationships between all channel parameters depend on the ratios of bank failures, and locations of channel-wall failures. The combined effects of bank failure confinement and structural growth control channel element stacking patterns, resulting in vertical stacks related to compensational relationships between adjacent channel complexes. Significant confinements by MTD emplacement led to rapid channel infill linked to progressive flow relaxation promoting progressive lateral mobility. Channel migration is limited by MTD accumulation to a maximum width of 1700 m. Channel lateral shift reacts to channel-wall collapses, resulting in limited lateral mobility at regional scale. We show for the first time how the kinematics of submarine channels evolved in terms of the constraints of channel-wall collapses and active structural deformation.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decoding Normal-Fault Controlled Trends in Stratigraphic Grain Size: Examples From the Kerinitis Gilbert-Type Delta, Greece
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70014
Nahin Rezwan, Alexander C. Whittaker, Jonah S. McLeod, Joel Hook, Sébastien Castelltort, Fritz Schlunegger
Stratigraphy and its associated grain size preserve a record of the dynamic behaviour of source-to-sink systems over time. Sediment supply and available accommodation space primarily control downstream grain-size fining preserved in stratigraphy. In principle, these grain-size trends can be inverted to quantify temporal and spatial variation in these driving forces. Here, we illustrate how grain size and stratigraphic thickness can be used to quantify fault growth and interaction using the early-mid Pleistocene Pirgaki-Mermoussia (P-M) fault, Gulf of Corinth, Greece, as a natural laboratory. A 2.5 km long exposed cliff section of the uplifted Kerinitis Gilbert-type delta, which lies in the hanging wall of the P-M fault, was selected for study. In the field, we traced out stratigraphic units in the lower part of the Kerintis delta, which are bounded by flooding surfaces, and measured their thickness to reconstruct hanging wall subsidence. We collected down-system grain-size data at 31 measurement sites using the Wolman point count method. Our results show the observed grain-size fining rate increase from 11 to 17 mm.km−1 for the lower delta deposits over a timescale of up to 120 kyr. Using a self-similarity-based grain-size fining model and considering a minimum increase in accommodation generation from 0.6 to 1 mm year−1 over this period, we reconstruct an increase in delta sediment supply from ca. 170 to 460 m3 year−1. The integration of stratigraphic thickness measurements with grain-size fining trends enables quantitative reconstruction of temporal variations in fault-driven accommodation space and sediment supply, thereby demonstrating fault slip rate evolution. We show an increase in the P-M fault slip rate during its early history from 1 to 2 mm year−1, reflecting early interaction of the P-M fault segments over ca. 120 kyr. Reconstructed catchment-averaged erosion rates are ca. 20% of the footwall uplift, implying a transient response of the landscape to the P-M fault growth. These analyses demonstrate how grain-size data from a well-constrained geological example can be used to reconstruct landscape dynamics quantitatively in fault-controlled sedimentary systems with high temporal and spatial resolution.
{"title":"Decoding Normal-Fault Controlled Trends in Stratigraphic Grain Size: Examples From the Kerinitis Gilbert-Type Delta, Greece","authors":"Nahin Rezwan, Alexander C. Whittaker, Jonah S. McLeod, Joel Hook, Sébastien Castelltort, Fritz Schlunegger","doi":"10.1111/bre.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70014","url":null,"abstract":"Stratigraphy and its associated grain size preserve a record of the dynamic behaviour of source-to-sink systems over time. Sediment supply and available accommodation space primarily control downstream grain-size fining preserved in stratigraphy. In principle, these grain-size trends can be inverted to quantify temporal and spatial variation in these driving forces. Here, we illustrate how grain size and stratigraphic thickness can be used to quantify fault growth and interaction using the early-mid Pleistocene Pirgaki-Mermoussia (P-M) fault, Gulf of Corinth, Greece, as a natural laboratory. A 2.5 km long exposed cliff section of the uplifted Kerinitis Gilbert-type delta, which lies in the hanging wall of the P-M fault, was selected for study. In the field, we traced out stratigraphic units in the lower part of the Kerintis delta, which are bounded by flooding surfaces, and measured their thickness to reconstruct hanging wall subsidence. We collected down-system grain-size data at 31 measurement sites using the Wolman point count method. Our results show the observed grain-size fining rate increase from 11 to 17 mm.km<sup>−1</sup> for the lower delta deposits over a timescale of up to 120 kyr. Using a self-similarity-based grain-size fining model and considering a minimum increase in accommodation generation from 0.6 to 1 mm year<sup>−1</sup> over this period, we reconstruct an increase in delta sediment supply from ca. 170 to 460 m<sup>3</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. The integration of stratigraphic thickness measurements with grain-size fining trends enables quantitative reconstruction of temporal variations in fault-driven accommodation space and sediment supply, thereby demonstrating fault slip rate evolution. We show an increase in the P-M fault slip rate during its early history from 1 to 2 mm year<sup>−1</sup>, reflecting early interaction of the P-M fault segments over ca. 120 kyr. Reconstructed catchment-averaged erosion rates are ca. 20% of the footwall uplift, implying a transient response of the landscape to the P-M fault growth. These analyses demonstrate how grain-size data from a well-constrained geological example can be used to reconstruct landscape dynamics quantitatively in fault-controlled sedimentary systems with high temporal and spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Circum Red Sea Sources to the Levant Basin Sink: An Integrated Provenance Study of Oligocene–Miocene Siliciclastic Sediments From Deep‐Sea Boreholes
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70011
Adar Glazer, Dov Avigad, Navot Morag
The Levant Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean accumulated voluminous siliciclastic sediments during the Oligocene–Miocene. The deep‐sea section has attracted significant interest as it contains world‐class hydrocarbon reservoirs (‘Tamar Sands Play’). Our recent sandstone provenance study revealed that the hydrocarbon‐bearing, lower Miocene ‘Tamar Sands’ were recycled from older quartz‐rich sandstones that covered the Arabian flank of the Red Sea Rift. However, sandstones constitute just a third of the thickness of the Oligocene–Miocene siliciclastic section in the Levant Basin, with the rest being mainly composed of shales. Unravelling the provenance of the shale fraction is therefore essential for a comprehensive reconstruction of the Oligocene–Miocene source‐to‐sink system of the Levant Basin. In the present study, we examined the mineralogy and Sr‐Nd isotopes of clay samples retrieved from deep‐sea boreholes that penetrated the Oligocene–Miocene siliciclastic section. The isotopic composition of most clay fractions resembles that of Nile Delta sediments, indicating that unlike the ‘Tamar Sands’, their dominant provenance lay in NE Africa. Our investigations show that they were derived from Neoproterozoic basement rocks of the Arabian‐Nubian Shield and Tertiary continental flood basalts. The absence of chlorite and serpentine negates detrital contribution from the Arabia‐Eurasia suture in the north. Compilation of the available thermochronology data and major geologic events shows that the accumulation of the siliciclastic section in the Levant Basin coalesced with uplift of the continental areas around the Red Sea. The marked switch to shale deposition recognised in the basin during the late early Miocene signifies the downfall of the ‘quartzose’ Arabian sediment transport system, when it was partially captured by the evolving Dead Sea Transform valley. Our study highlights the strength of coupling sand and clay provenance investigations in source‐to‐sink studies of sedimentary basins.
{"title":"From Circum Red Sea Sources to the Levant Basin Sink: An Integrated Provenance Study of Oligocene–Miocene Siliciclastic Sediments From Deep‐Sea Boreholes","authors":"Adar Glazer, Dov Avigad, Navot Morag","doi":"10.1111/bre.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70011","url":null,"abstract":"The Levant Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean accumulated voluminous siliciclastic sediments during the Oligocene–Miocene. The deep‐sea section has attracted significant interest as it contains world‐class hydrocarbon reservoirs (‘Tamar Sands Play’). Our recent sandstone provenance study revealed that the hydrocarbon‐bearing, lower Miocene ‘Tamar Sands’ were recycled from older quartz‐rich sandstones that covered the Arabian flank of the Red Sea Rift. However, sandstones constitute just a third of the thickness of the Oligocene–Miocene siliciclastic section in the Levant Basin, with the rest being mainly composed of shales. Unravelling the provenance of the shale fraction is therefore essential for a comprehensive reconstruction of the Oligocene–Miocene source‐to‐sink system of the Levant Basin. In the present study, we examined the mineralogy and Sr‐Nd isotopes of clay samples retrieved from deep‐sea boreholes that penetrated the Oligocene–Miocene siliciclastic section. The isotopic composition of most clay fractions resembles that of Nile Delta sediments, indicating that unlike the ‘Tamar Sands’, their dominant provenance lay in NE Africa. Our investigations show that they were derived from Neoproterozoic basement rocks of the Arabian‐Nubian Shield and Tertiary continental flood basalts. The absence of chlorite and serpentine negates detrital contribution from the Arabia‐Eurasia suture in the north. Compilation of the available thermochronology data and major geologic events shows that the accumulation of the siliciclastic section in the Levant Basin coalesced with uplift of the continental areas around the Red Sea. The marked switch to shale deposition recognised in the basin during the late early Miocene signifies the downfall of the ‘quartzose’ Arabian sediment transport system, when it was partially captured by the evolving Dead Sea Transform valley. Our study highlights the strength of coupling sand and clay provenance investigations in source‐to‐sink studies of sedimentary basins.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Billefjorden Group on Bjørnøya, Svalbard, and Its North-Eastern Greenlandic Provenance 斯瓦尔巴群岛比约诺亚岛的上泥盆纪至下石炭纪比勒菲尤登组及其格陵兰岛东北部的产地
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70009
Julian Janocha, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Daniel F. Stockli

In this contribution, we document changes in detrital zircon ages in the upper Devonian (Famennian) to lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Billefjorden Group on Bjørnøya, the southernmost island of Svalbard. This alluvial, coal-bearing clastic succession is widely distributed across the archipelago and the Barents Shelf. The sediments were deposited in subsidence-induced lowlands that formed just after regional post-Caledonian collapse-related extension, which created the classical ‘Old Red Sandstone’ basins during the Devonian, and prior to localised rift-basin development in the middle Carboniferous (Serpukhovian–Moscovian). Moreover, the succession is little affected by Ellesmerian compressional deformation, which occurred in the latest Devonian. However, little is known of the provenance and regional sediment routing in this tectonically transitional period between the post-Caledonian structuring events in the Devonian and the middle Carboniferous rifting. It has previously been invoked that a regional fault running parallel to the western Barents Shelf margin, the West Bjørnøya Fault, controlled sedimentation in the area. Here, we combine detrital zircon U–Pb ages and sedimentological data to investigate stratigraphic provenance variations and test whether tectonics controlled deposition of the Billefjorden Group on Bjørnøya. Sedimentological investigations demonstrate changes in fluvial style with intercalations between successions dominated by meandering channel fills and abundant overbank fines to sandstone-dominated sheet-like successions of braided stream origin. Palaeocurrent data show that two competing drainage directions accompany the changes in fluvial architecture. Northeasterly transport directions, recorded in the braided stream deposits, indicate possible fault-transverse drainage. The detrital zircon content in these deposits indicates sourcing from Caledonian terranes in Northeast Greenland. Northwest-oriented transport directions, measured in the meandering channel deposits, are inferred to represent axially positioned drainage systems. These may have been sourced from either Northeast Greenland, a more localised source, or Baltica. The latter would require long-distance sourcing, which, given the tectonic setting of the region, seems unlikely. Although our sedimentological observations point to syn-tectonic deposition, this is not clearly captured in the detrital zircon data, suggesting a common source for the Late Devonian–Mississippian fluvial systems of Bjørnøya. Thus, combined with previously published provenance data from Svalbard and Greenland, we demonstrate that the East Greenland Caledonides formed a long-lived and significant source area which provided sediments to nearby basins from the Devonian to the Early Cretaceous.

{"title":"The Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Billefjorden Group on Bjørnøya, Svalbard, and Its North-Eastern Greenlandic Provenance","authors":"Julian Janocha,&nbsp;Sten-Andreas Grundvåg,&nbsp;Daniel F. Stockli","doi":"10.1111/bre.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this contribution, we document changes in detrital zircon ages in the upper Devonian (Famennian) to lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Billefjorden Group on Bjørnøya, the southernmost island of Svalbard. This alluvial, coal-bearing clastic succession is widely distributed across the archipelago and the Barents Shelf. The sediments were deposited in subsidence-induced lowlands that formed just after regional post-Caledonian collapse-related extension, which created the classical ‘Old Red Sandstone’ basins during the Devonian, and prior to localised rift-basin development in the middle Carboniferous (Serpukhovian–Moscovian). Moreover, the succession is little affected by Ellesmerian compressional deformation, which occurred in the latest Devonian. However, little is known of the provenance and regional sediment routing in this tectonically transitional period between the post-Caledonian structuring events in the Devonian and the middle Carboniferous rifting. It has previously been invoked that a regional fault running parallel to the western Barents Shelf margin, the West Bjørnøya Fault, controlled sedimentation in the area. Here, we combine detrital zircon U–Pb ages and sedimentological data to investigate stratigraphic provenance variations and test whether tectonics controlled deposition of the Billefjorden Group on Bjørnøya. Sedimentological investigations demonstrate changes in fluvial style with intercalations between successions dominated by meandering channel fills and abundant overbank fines to sandstone-dominated sheet-like successions of braided stream origin. Palaeocurrent data show that two competing drainage directions accompany the changes in fluvial architecture. Northeasterly transport directions, recorded in the braided stream deposits, indicate possible fault-transverse drainage. The detrital zircon content in these deposits indicates sourcing from Caledonian terranes in Northeast Greenland. Northwest-oriented transport directions, measured in the meandering channel deposits, are inferred to represent axially positioned drainage systems. These may have been sourced from either Northeast Greenland, a more localised source, or Baltica. The latter would require long-distance sourcing, which, given the tectonic setting of the region, seems unlikely. Although our sedimentological observations point to syn-tectonic deposition, this is not clearly captured in the detrital zircon data, suggesting a common source for the Late Devonian–Mississippian fluvial systems of Bjørnøya. Thus, combined with previously published provenance data from Svalbard and Greenland, we demonstrate that the East Greenland Caledonides formed a long-lived and significant source area which provided sediments to nearby basins from the Devonian to the Early Cretaceous.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Life and Death of Hydrocarbon Traps in East Greenland: The Charge and Degradation Histories of Laplace Bjerg and the Mols Bjerge
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70010
Steven D. Andrews, Audrey Decou, John E. A. Marshall, Fiona Hyden, John Parnell, Dominic P. Strogen

The exhumed hydrocarbon traps of East Greenland provide a superb opportunity to study the evolution of fluid flow in the petroleum systems of the North Atlantic. Following basin inversion during the Cenozoic these structures were exhumed and deeply incised which has allowed them to be observed and mapped in great detail. This study examines the diagenetic history of the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg exhumed hydrocarbon traps, from the initial charge of Triassic and Jurassic reservoirs, to their eventual uplift and destruction. Detailed petrographic analysis was undertaken on 67 samples collected at representative intervals throughout the structures. Variations in the distribution of diagenetic phases and remnant porosity were investigated. Twenty three samples were also subjected to helium porosity measurement. Bitumen, up to 18%, was recognised in 34 samples, 6 of which were analysed for their form and reflectance. Fluid inclusion data, collected from the nearby Bjørnedal region, helps to constrain the thermal history of the region. Helium porosity and permeability measurements are low, largely below 10% and 2 mD respectively. However, the abundance of bitumen highlights the presence of significantly higher porosity and permeability during hydrocarbon charge. A synthesis of fluid inclusion data and bitumen reflectance, alongside a detailed examination of the paragenetic sequence, demonstrate that hydrocarbon charge occurred in the Eocene, during maximum burial, at which time only a minor reduction in original intergranular porosities had taken place. The destruction of the pore systems occurred due to the degradation of hydrocarbons to bitumen, resulting from heat flow during intrusive events, and subsequent carbonate and limonite cementation during uplift. The original source of the hydrocarbons is unclear. This work highlights that where unaffected by intrusives and uplift, the largely untested Triassic play may still contain viable reservoir intervals at depth on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.

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引用次数: 0
Sun, Sea and Sand; Cretaceous Source to Sink Systems of Senegal, NW Africa
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70008
M. Pearson, M. Casson, V. Pashley, J. Redfern

Paleo source to sink system analysis requires a complete earth systems model approach, utilising regional geology, tectonics, climate and modern-day source to sink analogues. This study examines the Cretaceous source to sink systems of Senegal, NW Africa, integrating a broad regional dataset using a multidisciplinary mineralogical approach. The most significant regional geological and tectonic events to affect Senegal since the Pan-African Orogenies (800–520 Ma) are the Hercynian Orogeny (320–290 Ma), Pangea break-up and rifting between S. America and Africa, with associated Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism (200 Ma) and uplift of the Mauritanide hinterland (113–66 Ma). In addition to tectonic controls, climate is the principal driver for paleo-drainage reorganisation. During the Cretaceous an antithetical shift in climate from warm and arid (145–115 Ma), to hot and humid (100–88 Ma), increased fluvial catchment and energy. Antecedent paleo-drainage of the Cretaceous Senegalese Basin is governed by subsurface grabens striking hundreds of kilometres into the continent formed during Atlantic rifting. Early Cretaceous aridity restricted fluvial catchments to recycling pre-Cretaceous basinal sediments. Climate change triggered expansion of paleo-drainage catchments during the Aptian caused fluvial incision and erosion of the Gaouâ Group Hercynian to Pan-African age source rocks along the western flank of the Mauritanides. Exhumation increased significantly throughout the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum during the Cenomanian–Turonian, with exhumation of the Gadel Group Pan-African source rocks, evidenced from a shift between a garnetiferous to staurolitic basin mineralogy. Inclusion of 200 Ma zircons into the central Senegalese Basin during the Albian is evidence of possible catchment shifts to include CAMP detritus from the Fouta Djallon Plateau. Cretaceous basinal sediments are almost exclusively sourced from the Mauritanide belt which includes Hercynian metamorphic host rocks and Palaeozoic sediments ultimately derived from the erosion of the Pan-African orogenic belts. During the Maastrichtian, the central fluvial systems breached the southern Mauritanides, sourcing Cambrian zircons from the south.

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引用次数: 0
The Segmented Multi-Source Sediment Routing System on the Hangingwall Dipslope of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Insights From Palaeogeomorphology, U–Pb Ages and Heavy Minerals 东海大陆架盆地西湖凹陷挂壁斜坡上的分段式多源沉积路由系统:古地貌学、U-Pb年代和重矿物的启示
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70007
Ziqiang Zhou, Hongtao Zhu, Qianghu Liu, Lanzhi Qin

Coeval input systems in rift basins may interact with each other to form a segmented multi-source sediment routing system. Importantly, its division into proximal zones, where a single source dominates, and interaction zones, where multiple sources mix, enables the interactions between input systems to be characterised. Here, we exploit this conceptual framework to revisit the middle Eocene–early Oligocene hangingwall dipslope of the Xihu depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, where extensive 3D seismic data, detrital zircon U–Pb ages and heavy mineral compositions are available. We first combined palaeogeomorphological and sedimentological features with age signatures to distinguish three areas: the northwestern area was identified for its proximity to the Haijiao uplift and invariably high proportions of Palaeoproterozoic ages (41%–54%); the southwestern area adjacent to the Yushan uplift was distinct for enriched Cretaceous-aged zircons (36%) and the transition area in between was characterised by its remoteness to both uplifts, an embayed geometry and mixed age signatures that are not identical to any individual input. These spatial variations support the segmented framework for the multi-source system, with the northwestern and southwestern areas representing two palaeo-input systems and the transition area as their interaction zone. In this context, we then used mixture models to determine spatio-temporal variations in the mixing proportions of the two palaeo-input systems. The zircon-based results indicate that the mixing proportion sustained from the middle to the late Eocene, during which the basin was in the late syn-rift stage and marine environments. This is corroborated by heavy mineral composition that shows only minor changes. We interpret the roughly sustained mixing proportions as reflecting both the spatially uniform nature of broad subsidence and the strong tidal processes that ‘erased’ the effects of avulsions. In contrast, a clear provenance shift in both zircon ages and heavy minerals occurred from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene, coinciding with a transition to the tectonic inversion stage and a shift towards non-marine environments. The provenance shift, together with the southward expansion of the axial drainage, likely represents the sedimentary response to the southward decreasing inversion magnitude of the Yuquan Event. In addition, we hypothesize that in the absence of strong tides, avulsions might have controlled the mixing proportion, particularly over short timescales. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the segmented multi-source framework, if properly incorporated, can provide key insights into dipslope sedimentation.

裂谷盆地中的共生输入系统可能会相互影响,形成一个分段式多源沉积溃散系统。重要的是,它将输入系统分为单一来源占主导地位的近区和多种来源混合的互动区,从而能够描述输入系统之间的相互作用。在此,我们利用这一概念框架重新审视了东海大陆架盆地西湖凹陷的中始新世-初新世悬壁斜坡,这里有大量的三维地震数据、碎屑锆石 U-Pb 年龄和重矿物成分。我们首先将古地貌学和沉积学特征与年龄特征相结合,划分出三个区域:西北地区由于靠近海角隆起,古近新生代年龄所占比例始终较高(41%-54%);西南地区靠近玉山隆起,富含白垩纪年龄的锆石(36%);介于两者之间的过渡区的特点是远离两个隆起,具有内陷的几何特征以及与任何单个输入不完全相同的混合年龄特征。这些空间变化支持多源系统的分段框架,西北部和西南部地区代表两个古输入系统,过渡区是它们的相互作用区。在此背景下,我们利用混合模型确定了两个古输入系统混合比例的时空变化。基于锆石的研究结果表明,混合比例从始新世中期持续到晚期,在此期间盆地处于晚期同步裂谷阶段和海洋环境。重矿物成分也证实了这一点,其变化很小。我们将大致持续的混合比例解释为既反映了大范围沉降的空间均匀性,也反映了 "消除 "崩塌影响的强烈潮汐过程。与此相反,从始新世晚期到渐新世早期,锆石年龄和重矿物都发生了明显的产地转变,这与向构造反转阶段的过渡和向非海洋环境的转变相吻合。产地的转变以及轴向排水的南扩,很可能是对玉泉事件向南递减的反转幅度的沉积反应。此外,我们还假设,在没有强烈潮汐的情况下,崩蚀可能控制了混合比例,尤其是在短时标的情况下。最终,这项研究表明,分段式多源框架如果能够恰当地融入其中,可以为斜坡沉积提供重要的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying the relative provenance contributions to submarine channel systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin since the Miocene: Implications for tectonic responses and channel migration 量化中新世以来琼东南盆地海底河道系统的相对成因:对构造响应和河道迁移的影响
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/bre.70003
Meng Miaomiao, Liu Li, Liang Jinqiang, Xu Jie, Feng Junxi, Kuang Zenggui, Zhang Wei, Huang Wei, Ren Jinfeng, Deng Wei, Gong Yuehua

The submarine Miocene Central Canyon and Pleistocene channel systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin constitute valuable sedimentary records that provide insight into the depositional processes and sediment routing from the hinterland to the deep sea. However, the primary source of sediment for the Pleistocene channel systems and the variation in relative sediment contributions since the Miocene from potential source terranes remain unknown. We have integrated new and published detrital zircon U–Pb ages and rare earth elements (REEs) from Pleistocene channel sands and late Miocene Central Canyon sands in the Qiongdongnan Basin to analyse the sediment routing system of these channel systems since the Miocene. Qualitative analyses of REEs, comparisons of detrital zircon age spectra, and multidimensional scaling plots suggest that the Red River is a significant source of sediment supply. The quantitative analysis of sediment mixing models indicates that the Pleistocene channel sands were mainly sourced from the Red River (62.8%–85.7%), followed by Central Vietnam rivers (4.8%–27.1%), with a minor amount derived from rivers in Hainan Island, Northern Vietnam and Southern Vietnam. Sand sediments, mainly from the Red River system, were deposited in the Yinggehai Basin, then transported and deposited again in the Qiongdongnan Basin. The relatively stable and major sediment supply from the Red River since the Miocene may have been driven by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. This study quantifies the relative provenance contributions to submarine channel systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin since the Miocene. It provides crucial geological implications for tectonic responses to channel migrations and the prediction of gas hydrates in sandy reservoirs.

琼东南盆地的海底中新世中央峡谷和更新世河道系统是宝贵的沉积记录,有助于了解从腹地到深海的沉积过程和沉积路由。然而,更新世河道系统沉积物的主要来源以及中新世以来潜在来源陆相沉积物相对贡献率的变化仍然未知。我们整合了琼东南盆地更新世河道砂和中新世晚期中央峡谷砂中新发表的锆英石U-Pb年龄和稀土元素,分析了这些河道系统自中新世以来的沉积路由系统。REEs定性分析、锆英石年龄谱比较和多维比例图表明,红水河是沉积物的重要补给来源。沉积物混合模型的定量分析表明,更新世河道沉积物主要来自红河(62.8%-85.7%),其次是越南中部的河流(4.8%-27.1%),少量来自海南岛、越南北部和越南南部的河流。主要来自红河水系的砂质沉积物在莺歌海盆地沉积,然后被输送到琼东南盆地再次沉积。中新世以来相对稳定的主要红河沉积物供应可能是受青藏高原隆升的影响。本研究量化了中新世以来琼东南盆地海底河道系统的相对成因。它对河道迁移的构造反应和砂质储层中天然气水合物的预测提供了重要的地质影响。
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