Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.7
The main problem in treating grey water is the large variation in quality observed over short timescales. Different treatment schemes have been used such as physical, chemical and biological processes to treat this effluent. However they have some problems like adjusting shock loading of organic matters and chemicals. Therefore, in the present study chemical coagulation process was tested to treat grey water. Coagulants (alum and ferric chloride) were used in the present work to treat both real and synthetic grey water. The findings showed that at a dose of 30 mg/L of ferric chloride, 90% of the solution's turbidity and 80% of the TDS could consistently be removed. These findings were well matched with biological active filter system that reported 85% of COD removal from grey water. In addition, the effects of pH and alkalinity on the removal performance were also investigated. Overall, the present study showed that both traditional and proposed novel chemical process could treat grey water to the required level which can further be re-used for agricultural activities.
{"title":"Greywater Characterization and Treatment Using Chemical Coagulation","authors":"","doi":"10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The main problem in treating grey water is the large variation in quality observed over short timescales. Different treatment schemes have been used such as physical, chemical and biological processes to treat this effluent. However they have some problems like adjusting shock loading of organic matters and chemicals. Therefore, in the present study chemical coagulation process was tested to treat grey water. Coagulants (alum and ferric chloride) were used in the present work to treat both real and synthetic grey water. The findings showed that at a dose of 30 mg/L of ferric chloride, 90% of the solution's turbidity and 80% of the TDS could consistently be removed. These findings were well matched with biological active filter system that reported 85% of COD removal from grey water. In addition, the effects of pH and alkalinity on the removal performance were also investigated. Overall, the present study showed that both traditional and proposed novel chemical process could treat grey water to the required level which can further be re-used for agricultural activities.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131837763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.8
The aim of this work was to measure the effect of supplementation with bovine colostrum Azawak among newborn Red goats breastfed in breeding conditions for semi-intensive type of Niger. The study was conducted in Secondary Goat Breeding Center of Maradi. Forty newborn kids, regardless of sex, were divided randomly into two groups: a "T-Control " group receiving only breast milk per feeding (n = 20) and a "C-Colostrum" group having the same diet but supplemented with bovine colostrum thawed (50 ml the first day of life, then 25 ml in 2 meals/ day between the ages of 2 and 15d, n = 20). The results indicate that supplementation with bovine colostrum in the first 15 days of life, increases the growth of kids until weaning, modified some barometric changes some settings improves health status and reduces the mortality rate. Birth weights in both groups were similar (1.65 kg vs. 1.64 kg; NS). However, at the end of period 1, the live weight and thus the total weight gain of the kids in-group C was higher (0.61 kg; p < 0.001) than those in-group T. Growth rate was also improved (+41.0 g/d; p < 0.001). For reproductive parameters and body measurements, the mean values of the BMPA were 13.2 ± 0.7 and 14.2 ± 0.2 months, respectively for group C and T; P = 0.07). The values of body measurements in group C animals were higher than those in group T, but the differences were not significant, except for head length and thoracic girth (p < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively). To our knowledge, in the studied environment, this work is original and seems to bring new knowledge likely to have practical applications in areas with farming conditions quite difficult.
本研究的目的是测量在尼日尔半集约化养殖条件下母乳喂养的新生红山羊补充阿扎瓦克牛初乳的效果。本研究在马拉迪山羊二级繁育中心进行。40名新生儿不分性别，随机分为两组:“T-Control”组每次只喂母乳(n = 20)，“c -初乳”组吃同样的饮食，但补充解冻的牛初乳(出生第一天50毫升，然后在2至15天之间每天两餐25毫升，n = 20)。结果表明，在出生后15天内补充牛初乳，可以促进幼儿的生长，直到断奶，改变一些气压变化，改善健康状况，降低死亡率。两组的出生体重相似(1.65 kg vs 1.64 kg;NS)。然而，在第1期结束时，C组儿童的活重和总增重更高(0.61 kg;p < 0.001)，生长率显著高于t组(+41.0 g/d;P < 0.001)。生殖参数和体表测量，C组和T组BMPA平均值分别为13.2±0.7和14.2±0.2个月;P = 0.07)。除头长、胸围差异不显著(p分别< 0.001和0.05)外，C组动物体测量值均高于T组。据我们所知，在研究环境中，这项工作是原创的，似乎带来了新的知识，可能在农业条件相当困难的地区有实际应用。
{"title":"Effect of Azawak Cattle Colostrum Supplementation on Performance and Survival of Red Goats During the First Year of Life.","authors":"","doi":"10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to measure the effect of supplementation with bovine colostrum Azawak among newborn Red goats breastfed in breeding conditions for semi-intensive type of Niger. The study was conducted in Secondary Goat Breeding Center of Maradi. Forty newborn kids, regardless of sex, were divided randomly into two groups: a \"T-Control \" group receiving only breast milk per feeding (n = 20) and a \"C-Colostrum\" group having the same diet but supplemented with bovine colostrum thawed (50 ml the first day of life, then 25 ml in 2 meals/ day between the ages of 2 and 15d, n = 20). The results indicate that supplementation with bovine colostrum in the first 15 days of life, increases the growth of kids until weaning, modified some barometric changes some settings improves health status and reduces the mortality rate. Birth weights in both groups were similar (1.65 kg vs. 1.64 kg; NS). However, at the end of period 1, the live weight and thus the total weight gain of the kids in-group C was higher (0.61 kg; p < 0.001) than those in-group T. Growth rate was also improved (+41.0 g/d; p < 0.001). For reproductive parameters and body measurements, the mean values of the BMPA were 13.2 ± 0.7 and 14.2 ± 0.2 months, respectively for group C and T; P = 0.07). The values of body measurements in group C animals were higher than those in group T, but the differences were not significant, except for head length and thoracic girth (p < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively). To our knowledge, in the studied environment, this work is original and seems to bring new knowledge likely to have practical applications in areas with farming conditions quite difficult.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124542178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.6
Exposure to indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke has given rise to different risk factors and adverse health outcomes throughout the world especially in developing counties such as Pakistan. This study aimed to analyze the exposure of people of Lahore to secondhand smoke and indoor air pollutants to determine the risk factors along with the health impacts. An online questionnaire survey with a sample size of 208 was conducted in Lahore. The questionnaire consisted of 60 questions and was divided into five sections dealing with the respondent’s profile, exposure to indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke, and health impacts. The results showed that out of 208 individuals, 33.2% of individuals rated their Indoor Air Quality as fine. While 30.8%, 8.2%, and 2.9% of individuals rated IAQ as good, bad, and poor, respectively. The percentage of non-smokers and active smokers was 90.1% and 9.1%. 50% of individuals considered headaches as the symptom of a major health concern due to exposure to IAP. 38% of individuals suffered from headaches while, 22.6%, 21.2%, 16.8%, and 15.9% of individuals suffered from coughing, sneezing, eye irritation, and runny nose because of exposure to IAP, respectively. There is a strong association between health impacts and exposure to indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke. Therefore, public awareness and proper mitigatory measures can play a role to prevent such risk factors and health impacts caused by IAP and tobacco smoke.
{"title":"An assessment of Risk Factors and Health Impacts Associated with Indoor Air Pollution and Tobacco Smoke in Lahore, Pakistan.","authors":"","doi":"10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38211/jqaas.2022.2.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke has given rise to different risk factors and adverse health outcomes throughout the world especially in developing counties such as Pakistan. This study aimed to analyze the exposure of people of Lahore to secondhand smoke and indoor air pollutants to determine the risk factors along with the health impacts. An online questionnaire survey with a sample size of 208 was conducted in Lahore. The questionnaire consisted of 60 questions and was divided into five sections dealing with the respondent’s profile, exposure to indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke, and health impacts. The results showed that out of 208 individuals, 33.2% of individuals rated their Indoor Air Quality as fine. While 30.8%, 8.2%, and 2.9% of individuals rated IAQ as good, bad, and poor, respectively. The percentage of non-smokers and active smokers was 90.1% and 9.1%. 50% of individuals considered headaches as the symptom of a major health concern due to exposure to IAP. 38% of individuals suffered from headaches while, 22.6%, 21.2%, 16.8%, and 15.9% of individuals suffered from coughing, sneezing, eye irritation, and runny nose because of exposure to IAP, respectively. There is a strong association between health impacts and exposure to indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke. Therefore, public awareness and proper mitigatory measures can play a role to prevent such risk factors and health impacts caused by IAP and tobacco smoke.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132424170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.52862/qaas.2021.1.1.3
Wajiha Anum, Liaquat Ali, Syed Ali Zulqadar Wajiha Anum, Liaquat Ali, Syed Ali Zulqadar
The upsurge in population and scarceness in resources is leading the world towards deprivation of natural resources. Among them, water in either form, is the critical resource for sustaining life on earth. The conditions are more challenging in countries like Pakistan, where rainfall is less and semi-arid conditions prevail throughout the year. Pakistan agriculture produce is dependant mostly on the irrigation water and requires a well-chosen and sustainable water management strategic plan. However, certainaspects like water salinity, water logging, water sodicity, metal toxicity and surface water recharge are among the most crucial issues threatening the agriculture sector.This review will focus on the basic irrigation system of Pakistan, how the water is distributed among farmers, policies and their implementations and specific emphasis is made on the advanced irrigation methods being applied in the country. A complete prognosis is the utmost need under the current scenario of irrigation water needs and for future strategies. Moreover, the recent literature relevant to the factors that impedes the sustainable use of water and how it can be managed more efficiently under the available resources.Future prospects are suggested as up scaling of moderntechnology, improved agriculture-education and trainings, better-quality inputs for improved irrigation, reclamation of saline/water logged soils, more focus on credit and support prices for water inputs as well as improved water conservation techniques. Recommendations include upgrading of extension services, liberation of varieties which tolerates heat and drought, improvement in irrigation water management as well as advancement in reclamation and drainage practices.
{"title":"IRRIGATION WATER STATUS IN PAKISTAN, CHALLENGES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: A MINI REVIEW","authors":"Wajiha Anum, Liaquat Ali, Syed Ali Zulqadar Wajiha Anum, Liaquat Ali, Syed Ali Zulqadar","doi":"10.52862/qaas.2021.1.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52862/qaas.2021.1.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The upsurge in population and scarceness in resources is leading the world towards deprivation of natural resources. Among them, water in either form, is the critical resource for sustaining life on earth. The conditions are more challenging in countries like Pakistan, where rainfall is less and semi-arid conditions prevail throughout the year. Pakistan agriculture produce is dependant mostly on the irrigation water and requires a well-chosen and sustainable water management strategic plan. However, certainaspects like water salinity, water logging, water sodicity, metal toxicity and surface water recharge are among the most crucial issues threatening the agriculture sector.This review will focus on the basic irrigation system of Pakistan, how the water is distributed among farmers, policies and their implementations and specific emphasis is made on the advanced irrigation methods being applied in the country. A complete prognosis is the utmost need under the current scenario of irrigation water needs and for future strategies. Moreover, the recent literature relevant to the factors that impedes the sustainable use of water and how it can be managed more efficiently under the available resources.Future prospects are suggested as up scaling of moderntechnology, improved agriculture-education and trainings, better-quality inputs for improved irrigation, reclamation of saline/water logged soils, more focus on credit and support prices for water inputs as well as improved water conservation techniques. Recommendations include upgrading of extension services, liberation of varieties which tolerates heat and drought, improvement in irrigation water management as well as advancement in reclamation and drainage practices.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114596367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.4
Harvest losses (10-30%) in wheat represent one of the major factors affecting grain yield. these losses may be during harvesting and/or threshing operations. Although combined harvester is gaining popularity, however, In most parts of Pakistan, the wheat crop is still manually harvested and then mechanically threshed. Therefore, the current study was conducted on Latif farm of Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam to evaluate the harvest losses during the manual harvesting and threshing operations in wheat. Three popular wheat varieties (SKD-1, TJ-83 & KIRAN-95) were selected for this study. The wheat crop was manually harvested and then harvest losses were estimated by harvest losses were estimated on the basis of collection and analysis of leftover / spilled earth heads in the freshly harvested field. Threshing losses were estimated by calculating the proportions of broken, unbroken grains and unthreshed ear heads. The study focused on harvesting and threshing operations and their impacts on crop production. The study depicted that harvesting operation was performed manually and threshing by tractor threshing charges were 05 and 10 percent of the crop production respectively while harvesting losses were high at the time of 16 percent due to over-drying and unskilled labors used in the field. Technological advancements in agriculture machinery led to reducing the harvesting and threshing losses and therefore, the study suggested that necessary steps of mechanized operation may be taken for minimizing the losses.
{"title":"Harvest Losses of Wheat Crop","authors":"","doi":"10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Harvest losses (10-30%) in wheat represent one of the major factors affecting grain yield. these losses may be during harvesting and/or threshing operations. Although combined harvester is gaining popularity, however, In most parts of Pakistan, the wheat crop is still manually harvested and then mechanically threshed. Therefore, the current study was conducted on Latif farm of Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam to evaluate the harvest losses during the manual harvesting and threshing operations in wheat. Three popular wheat varieties (SKD-1, TJ-83 & KIRAN-95) were selected for this study. The wheat crop was manually harvested and then harvest losses were estimated by harvest losses were estimated on the basis of collection and analysis of leftover / spilled earth heads in the freshly harvested field. Threshing losses were estimated by calculating the proportions of broken, unbroken grains and unthreshed ear heads. The study focused on harvesting and threshing operations and their impacts on crop production. The study depicted that harvesting operation was performed manually and threshing by tractor threshing charges were 05 and 10 percent of the crop production respectively while harvesting losses were high at the time of 16 percent due to over-drying and unskilled labors used in the field. Technological advancements in agriculture machinery led to reducing the harvesting and threshing losses and therefore, the study suggested that necessary steps of mechanized operation may be taken for minimizing the losses.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114822977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.5
A research was carried out in Bahawalnagar, South Punjab. Both water quality and quantity have great importance for the existence of the agriculture sector that is a backbone of economy of Pakistan. Water is necessary for all living creatures. The groundwater quality was assessed using GIS (Geographical Information System) applications and GS+ software. The three major indicators Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were analyzed during pre and post-monsoon season. These three major parameters and pH of groundwater quality are mostly checked in both seasons. The water quality parameters of 183 monitoring sites were analyzed according to standard protocol by Punjab Irrigation Department and PCRWR (Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources). The groundwater quality was mainly affected by EC, SAR and RSC parameters. The area effected during pre and post monsoon was “75 and 70%” respectively. The groundwater quality maps showing adverse effects increasingly from north-east to south-west. But most of the area affected due to EC parameter and high adverse effect was observed during post monsoon season in case of SAR and RSC parameters.
{"title":"Evaluation of monsoon effect on groundwater quality using GIS mapping: A case study of Bahawalnagar district-Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"A research was carried out in Bahawalnagar, South Punjab. Both water quality and quantity have great importance for the existence of the agriculture sector that is a backbone of economy of Pakistan. Water is necessary for all living creatures. The groundwater quality was assessed using GIS (Geographical Information System) applications and GS+ software. The three major indicators Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were analyzed during pre and post-monsoon season. These three major parameters and pH of groundwater quality are mostly checked in both seasons. The water quality parameters of 183 monitoring sites were analyzed according to standard protocol by Punjab Irrigation Department and PCRWR\u0000(Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources). The groundwater quality was mainly affected by EC, SAR and RSC parameters. The area effected during pre and post monsoon was “75 and 70%” respectively. The groundwater quality maps showing adverse effects increasingly from north-east to south-west. But most of the area affected due to EC parameter and high adverse effect was observed during post monsoon season in case of SAR and RSC parameters.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"390 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115465689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.1
This study was conducted in the Dutsinma local Government area of Katsina State on the lessening of the prevalence of poverty through fish production. The primary data used were obtained using structured questionnaires administered to eighty (n = 80) fishermen in the study area. Descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient and profitability analysis were employed to analyze the data. The result showed that 53% of the fishermen were young, 100% were males and 85% were married. Some of the fishermen (52%) had a family size of between 1 and 5. Also 53% had acquired Quranic edification. Results from the study exposed those fishermen use their income to re-invest into fishing activities. The Gini coefficient value of 0.53 indicates that there wereinequalities in the distribution of income. The poverty status of the fishermen showed that 23% and 35% of them were core poor and non-poor respectively. It was also found that fishing was a profitable venture and 100% of the fishermen were faced with inaccessibility to credit facilities. Therefore, it was concluded that the production of fish in this area may lowerthe levels of poverty easily of adopted by re-investment in thissector.
{"title":"LESSENING THE PREVALENCE OF POVERTY THROUGH FISH PRODUCTION IN DUTSINMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF THE KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"","doi":"10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the Dutsinma local Government area of Katsina State on the lessening of the prevalence of poverty through fish production. The primary data used were obtained using structured questionnaires administered to eighty (n = 80) fishermen in the study area. Descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient and profitability analysis were employed to analyze the data. The result showed that 53% of the fishermen were young, 100% were males and 85% were married. Some of the fishermen (52%) had a family size of between 1 and 5. Also 53% had acquired Quranic edification. Results from the study exposed those fishermen use their income to re-invest into fishing activities. The Gini coefficient value of 0.53 indicates that there wereinequalities in the distribution of income. The poverty status of the fishermen showed that 23% and 35% of them were core poor and non-poor respectively. It was also found that fishing was a profitable venture and 100% of the fishermen were faced with inaccessibility to credit facilities. Therefore, it was concluded that the production of fish in this area may lowerthe levels of poverty easily of adopted by re-investment in thissector.","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117078692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s world, Waste production and its handling has become a great challenge. Rapid urbanization and conversion of rural land into housing societies creates bulk of waste withing a short span in any area. Whileincreasing population, increase in waste is a topic of discussion in developed as well as developing countries and it may become the biggest problem in the near futurefor the world. It is emphasized that only municipal solid waste will be 3.40 billion tons by 2050. Different types of waste are produced and it’shandling also requires different techniques. Now a day, different techniques are used to overcome this problem. These techniques reduce the waste by weight and severity of its effect, but they also release end product that maybeharmful for the environment. This review will discuss the techniques like landfills, incineration, composting, recovering, combustion, energy production, plasma gasification etc. Different techniques have different merits and demerits.However, every technique required specific input running cost and it may be variedfrom area to area and country to country due to economic crises in developing countries. This review covers thetypes of waste, waste management opportunities, and challenges as well as the benefits of waste management techniques
{"title":"CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES LINKED WITH WASTE MANAGEMENT UNDER GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A MINI REVIEW","authors":"Shazia Iqbal*, Tayyaba Naz, Munaza Naseem Shazia Iqbal*, Tayyaba Naz, Munaza Naseem","doi":"10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world, Waste production and its handling has become a great challenge. Rapid urbanization and conversion of rural land into housing societies creates bulk of waste withing a short span in any area. Whileincreasing population, increase in waste is a topic of discussion in developed as well as developing countries and it may become the biggest problem in the near futurefor the world. It is emphasized that only municipal solid waste will be 3.40 billion tons by 2050. Different types of waste are produced and it’shandling also requires different techniques. Now a day, different techniques are used to overcome this problem. These techniques reduce the waste by weight and severity of its effect, but they also release end product that maybeharmful for the environment. This review will discuss the techniques like landfills, incineration, composting, recovering, combustion, energy production, plasma gasification etc. Different techniques have different merits and demerits.However, every technique required specific input running cost and it may be variedfrom area to area and country to country due to economic crises in developing countries. This review covers thetypes of waste, waste management opportunities, and challenges as well as the benefits of waste management techniques","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125981907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"J. Qual. Assur. in Agric. Sci.","authors":"","doi":"10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52862/jqaas.2021.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"49 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122986856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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