Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a characteristic nonprotein nitrogen compound, is widely present in seafood, which exhibits osmoregulatory effects for marine organisms in vivo and plays an important role in aquaculture and aquatic product preservation. However, much attention has been focused on the negative effect of TMAO since it has recently emerged as a putative promoter of chronic diseases. To get full knowledge and maximize our ability to balance the positive and negative aspects of TMAO, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the TMAO in aquatic products from the aspects of physiological functions for marine organisms, flavor, quality, the conversion of precursors, the influences on human health, and the seafood ingredients interaction consideration. Though the circulating TMAO level is inevitably enhanced after seafood consumption, dietary seafood still exhibits beneficial health effects and may provide nutraceuticals to balance the possible adverse effects of TMAO.
{"title":"Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Aquatic Foods.","authors":"Xiaoyue Li, Chengcheng Wang, Teruyoshi Yanagita, Changhu Xue, Tiantian Zhang, Yuming Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01974","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a characteristic nonprotein nitrogen compound, is widely present in seafood, which exhibits osmoregulatory effects for marine organisms <i>in vivo</i> and plays an important role in aquaculture and aquatic product preservation. However, much attention has been focused on the negative effect of TMAO since it has recently emerged as a putative promoter of chronic diseases. To get full knowledge and maximize our ability to balance the positive and negative aspects of TMAO, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the TMAO in aquatic products from the aspects of physiological functions for marine organisms, flavor, quality, the conversion of precursors, the influences on human health, and the seafood ingredients interaction consideration. Though the circulating TMAO level is inevitably enhanced after seafood consumption, dietary seafood still exhibits beneficial health effects and may provide nutraceuticals to balance the possible adverse effects of TMAO.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141416609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanillin is one of the world's most extensively used flavoring agents with high application value. However, the yield of vanillin biosynthesis remains limited due to the low efficiency of substrate uptake and the inhibitory effect on cell growth caused by vanillin. Here, we screened high-efficiency ferulic acid importer TodX and vanillin exporters PP_0178 and PP_0179 by overexpressing genes encoding candidate transporters in a vanillin-producing engineered Escherichia coli strain VA and further constructed an autoregulatory bidirectional transport system by coexpressing TodX and PP_0178/PP_0179 with a vanillin self-inducible promoter ADH7. Compared with strain VA, strain VA-TodX-PP_0179 can efficiently transport ferulic acid across the cell membrane and convert it to vanillin, which significantly increases the substrate utilization rate efficiency (14.86%) and vanillin titer (51.07%). This study demonstrated that the autoregulatory bidirectional transport system significantly enhances the substrate uptake efficiency while alleviating the vanillin toxicity issue, providing a promising viable route for vanillin biosynthesis.
香兰素是世界上最广泛使用的调味剂之一,具有很高的应用价值。然而,由于底物吸收效率低以及香兰素对细胞生长的抑制作用,香兰素生物合成的产量仍然有限。在此,我们通过在生产香兰素的工程大肠杆菌菌株 VA 中过表达编码候选转运体的基因,筛选出了高效阿魏酸导入体 TodX 和香兰素导出体 PP_0178 和 PP_0179,并通过在香兰素自诱导启动子 ADH7 上共表达 TodX 和 PP_0178/PP_0179 进一步构建了自调节双向转运系统。与 VA 菌株相比,VA-TodX-PP_0179 菌株能高效地将阿魏酸跨细胞膜转运并转化为香兰素,从而显著提高了底物利用率(14.86%)和香兰素滴度(51.07%)。这项研究表明,自律性双向转运系统能显著提高底物吸收效率,同时缓解香兰素毒性问题,为香兰素的生物合成提供了一条可行的途径。
{"title":"Construction of a Novel Vanillin-Induced Autoregulating Bidirectional Transport System in a Vanillin-Producing <i>E. coli</i> Cell Factory.","authors":"Zhen Li, Lina Sun, Yulu Wang, Bolin Liu, Fengjiao Xin","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03128","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vanillin is one of the world's most extensively used flavoring agents with high application value. However, the yield of vanillin biosynthesis remains limited due to the low efficiency of substrate uptake and the inhibitory effect on cell growth caused by vanillin. Here, we screened high-efficiency ferulic acid importer TodX and vanillin exporters PP_0178 and PP_0179 by overexpressing genes encoding candidate transporters in a vanillin-producing engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain VA and further constructed an autoregulatory bidirectional transport system by coexpressing TodX and PP_0178/PP_0179 with a vanillin self-inducible promoter <i>ADH7</i>. Compared with strain VA, strain VA-TodX-PP_0179 can efficiently transport ferulic acid across the cell membrane and convert it to vanillin, which significantly increases the substrate utilization rate efficiency (14.86%) and vanillin titer (51.07%). This study demonstrated that the autoregulatory bidirectional transport system significantly enhances the substrate uptake efficiency while alleviating the vanillin toxicity issue, providing a promising viable route for vanillin biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04242
Nadia Pérez-Fuentes, Rebeca Alvariño, Amparo Alfonso, Jesús González-Jartín, Mercedes R Vieytes, Luis M Botana
Enniatins (ENNs) A1 and B1, previously considered ionophores, are emerging mycotoxins with effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. However, their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated how these toxins affect Ca2+ flux in SH-SY5Y cells. ENN A1 induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOC). The mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP reduced this influx, suggesting that the mitochondrial status influences the toxin effect. Conversely, ENN B1 did not affect SOC but acted on another Ca2+ channel, as shown when nickel, which directly blocks the Ca2+ channel pore, is added. Mitochondrial function also influenced the effects of ENN B1, as treatment with FCCP reduced toxin-induced Ca2+ depletion and uptake. In addition, both ENNs altered mitochondrial function by producing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This study describes for the first time that ENN A1 and B1 are not Ca2+ ionophores and suggests a different mechanism of action for each toxin.
{"title":"Enniatins A1 and B1 Modulate Calcium Flux through Alternative Pathways beyond Mitochondria.","authors":"Nadia Pérez-Fuentes, Rebeca Alvariño, Amparo Alfonso, Jesús González-Jartín, Mercedes R Vieytes, Luis M Botana","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04242","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enniatins (ENNs) A1 and B1, previously considered ionophores, are emerging mycotoxins with effects on Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis. However, their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated how these toxins affect Ca<sup>2+</sup> flux in SH-SY5Y cells. ENN A1 induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through store-operated channels (SOC). The mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP reduced this influx, suggesting that the mitochondrial status influences the toxin effect. Conversely, ENN B1 did not affect SOC but acted on another Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel, as shown when nickel, which directly blocks the Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel pore, is added. Mitochondrial function also influenced the effects of ENN B1, as treatment with FCCP reduced toxin-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> depletion and uptake. In addition, both ENNs altered mitochondrial function by producing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This study describes for the first time that ENN A1 and B1 are not Ca<sup>2+</sup> ionophores and suggests a different mechanism of action for each toxin.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00471
Alberto Calderan, Rachele Falchi, Riccardo Braidotti, Loris Tonidandel, Roberto Larcher, Paolo Sivilotti
Global warming, heat waves, and seasonal drought pose serious threats to crops, such as grapevine, that are valued for their secondary metabolites, which are of primary importance for the wine industry. Discriminating the effects of distinct environmental factors in the open field is challenging. In the present study, in vitro cultured berries of Sauvignon Blanc were exposed to individual and combined stress factors to investigate the effects on the biosynthesis of the thiol precursors. Our results confirm the complexity and extreme reactivity of the accumulation process in grapes. However, they also indicate that heat stress has a positive effect on the production of the Cys-3SH precursor. Moreover, we identified several candidate genes, such as VvGSTs and VvGGT that are potentially involved in biosynthesis and consistently modulated. Nonetheless, we were unable to conclusively determine the effects of stresses on the biosynthesis of other precursors nor could we formulate hypotheses regarding their regulation.
{"title":"Using <i>In Vitro</i> Cultured Berries to Unravel the Effects of Heat- and ABA-Induced Stress on Thiol Precursor Biosynthesis in Sauvignon Blanc.","authors":"Alberto Calderan, Rachele Falchi, Riccardo Braidotti, Loris Tonidandel, Roberto Larcher, Paolo Sivilotti","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00471","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming, heat waves, and seasonal drought pose serious threats to crops, such as grapevine, that are valued for their secondary metabolites, which are of primary importance for the wine industry. Discriminating the effects of distinct environmental factors in the open field is challenging. In the present study, <i>in vitro</i> cultured berries of Sauvignon Blanc were exposed to individual and combined stress factors to investigate the effects on the biosynthesis of the thiol precursors. Our results confirm the complexity and extreme reactivity of the accumulation process in grapes. However, they also indicate that heat stress has a positive effect on the production of the Cys-3SH precursor. Moreover, we identified several candidate genes, such as <i>VvGSTs</i> and <i>VvGGT</i> that are potentially involved in biosynthesis and consistently modulated. Nonetheless, we were unable to conclusively determine the effects of stresses on the biosynthesis of other precursors nor could we formulate hypotheses regarding their regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stigmasterol (ST), a phytosterol found in food, has various biological activities. However, the effect of ST on milk synthesis in dairy cows remains unclear. Therefore, bovine primary mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were isolated, cultured, and treated with ST to determine the effect of ST on milk synthesis. The study revealed that 10 μM ST significantly increased milk synthesis in BMECs by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that this activation depends on the regulatory role of oxysterol binding protein 5 (ORP5). ST induces the translocation of ORP5 from the cytoplasm to the lysosome, interacts with the mTOR, recruits mTOR to target the lysosomal surface, and promotes the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, ST was found to increase ORP5 protein levels by inhibiting its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Specifically, the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated cycle-CH-type finger 4 (MARCH4) promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ORP5. ST mitigates the interaction between MARCH4 and ORP5, thereby enhancing the structural stability of ORP5 and reducing its ubiquitination. In summary, ST stabilizes ORP5 by inhibiting the interaction between MARCH4 and ORP5, thereby activating mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing milk synthesis.
{"title":"Stigmasterol Activates the mTOR Signaling Pathway by Inhibiting ORP5 Ubiquitination to Promote Milk Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Mingyang Sun, Yu Cao, Ji Cheng, Dianwen Xu, Feng Li, Jiaxin Wang, Yusong Ge, Yuhao Liu, Xiaoyu Long, Wenjin Guo, Juxiong Liu, Shoupeng Fu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03243","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stigmasterol (ST), a phytosterol found in food, has various biological activities. However, the effect of ST on milk synthesis in dairy cows remains unclear. Therefore, bovine primary mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were isolated, cultured, and treated with ST to determine the effect of ST on milk synthesis. The study revealed that 10 μM ST significantly increased milk synthesis in BMECs by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that this activation depends on the regulatory role of oxysterol binding protein 5 (ORP5). ST induces the translocation of ORP5 from the cytoplasm to the lysosome, interacts with the mTOR, recruits mTOR to target the lysosomal surface, and promotes the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, ST was found to increase ORP5 protein levels by inhibiting its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Specifically, the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated cycle-CH-type finger 4 (MARCH4) promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ORP5. ST mitigates the interaction between MARCH4 and ORP5, thereby enhancing the structural stability of ORP5 and reducing its ubiquitination. In summary, ST stabilizes ORP5 by inhibiting the interaction between MARCH4 and ORP5, thereby activating mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing milk synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01616
Denis Barron, Yann Ratinaud, Simona Rambousek, Benjamin Brinon, Martine Naranjo Pinta, Matthew J Sanders, Kei Sakamoto, Olivier Ciclet
These days, easy access to commercially available (poly)phenolic compounds has expanded the scope of potential research beyond the field of chemistry, particularly in the area of their bioactivity. However, the quality of these compounds is often overlooked or not even considered. This issue is illustrated in this study through the example of (dihydro)phenanthrenes, a group of natural products present in yams, as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators. A study conducted in our group on a series of compounds, fully characterized using a combination of chemical synthesis, NMR and MS techniques, provided evidence that the conclusions of a previous study were erroneous, likely due to the use of a misidentified commercial compound by its supplier. Furthermore, we demonstrated that additional representatives of the (dihydro)phenanthrene phytochemical classes were able to directly activate AMPK, avoiding the risk of misinterpretation of results based on analysis of a single compound alone.
{"title":"Unambiguous Characterization of Commercial Natural (Dihydro)phenanthrene Compounds Is Vital in the Discovery of AMPK Activators.","authors":"Denis Barron, Yann Ratinaud, Simona Rambousek, Benjamin Brinon, Martine Naranjo Pinta, Matthew J Sanders, Kei Sakamoto, Olivier Ciclet","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01616","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>These days, easy access to commercially available (poly)phenolic compounds has expanded the scope of potential research beyond the field of chemistry, particularly in the area of their bioactivity. However, the quality of these compounds is often overlooked or not even considered. This issue is illustrated in this study through the example of (dihydro)phenanthrenes, a group of natural products present in yams, as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators. A study conducted in our group on a series of compounds, fully characterized using a combination of chemical synthesis, NMR and MS techniques, provided evidence that the conclusions of a previous study were erroneous, likely due to the use of a misidentified commercial compound by its supplier. Furthermore, we demonstrated that additional representatives of the (dihydro)phenanthrene phytochemical classes were able to directly activate AMPK, avoiding the risk of misinterpretation of results based on analysis of a single compound alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00607
Biying Chen, Li Wang, Liming Wang, Yueran Han, Guokai Yan, Liangjie Chen, Changwen Li, Yu Zhu, Jun Lu, Lifeng Han
Counterfeit Baijiu has been emerging because of the price variances of real-aged Chinese Baijiu. Accurate identification of different vintages is of great interest. In this study, the combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was applied for the comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents for Maotai-flavor Baijiu. Furthermore, a novel data fusion strategy combined with machine learning algorithms has been established. The results showed that the midlevel data fusion combined with the random forest algorithm were the best and successfully applied for classification of different Baijiu vintages. A total of 14 differential compounds (belonging to fatty acid ethyl esters, alcohols, organic acids, and aldehydes) were identified, and used for evaluation of commercial Maotai-flavor Baijiu. Our results indicated that both volatiles and nonvolatiles contributed to the vintage differences. This study demonstrated that GC-MS and 1H NMR spectra combined with a data fusion strategy are practical for the classification of different vintages of Maotai-flavor Baijiu.
{"title":"A Novel Data Fusion Strategy of GC-MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectra for the Identification of Different Vintages of Maotai-flavor Baijiu.","authors":"Biying Chen, Li Wang, Liming Wang, Yueran Han, Guokai Yan, Liangjie Chen, Changwen Li, Yu Zhu, Jun Lu, Lifeng Han","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00607","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Counterfeit Baijiu has been emerging because of the price variances of real-aged Chinese Baijiu. Accurate identification of different vintages is of great interest. In this study, the combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectroscopy was applied for the comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents for Maotai-flavor Baijiu. Furthermore, a novel data fusion strategy combined with machine learning algorithms has been established. The results showed that the midlevel data fusion combined with the random forest algorithm were the best and successfully applied for classification of different Baijiu vintages. A total of 14 differential compounds (belonging to fatty acid ethyl esters, alcohols, organic acids, and aldehydes) were identified, and used for evaluation of commercial Maotai-flavor Baijiu. Our results indicated that both volatiles and nonvolatiles contributed to the vintage differences. This study demonstrated that GC-MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra combined with a data fusion strategy are practical for the classification of different vintages of Maotai-flavor Baijiu.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic and harmful mycotoxin, has a high likelihood of occurring in animal feed and human food, which seriously affects agriculture and food safety and endangers animal and human health. Recently, natural plant products have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and simple composition, indicating significant potential for resisting AFB1. The mechanisms by which these phytochemicals resist toxins mainly involve antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic pathways. Moreover, these substances also inhibit the genotoxicity of AFB1 by directly influencing its metabolism in vivo, which contributes to its elimination. Here, we review various phytochemicals that resist AFB1 and their anti-AFB1 mechanisms in different animals, as well as the common characteristics of phytochemicals with anti-AFB1 function. Additionally, the shortcomings of current research and future research directions will be discussed. Overall, this comprehensive summary contributes to the better application of phytochemicals in agriculture and food safety.
{"title":"Detoxification of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Phytochemicals in Agriculture and Food Science.","authors":"Dian Yang, Sihua Zhang, Hongda Cao, Huan Wu, Yang Liang, Chun-Bo Teng, Hai-Fan Yu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01796","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), the most toxic and harmful mycotoxin, has a high likelihood of occurring in animal feed and human food, which seriously affects agriculture and food safety and endangers animal and human health. Recently, natural plant products have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and simple composition, indicating significant potential for resisting AFB<sub>1</sub>. The mechanisms by which these phytochemicals resist toxins mainly involve antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic pathways. Moreover, these substances also inhibit the genotoxicity of AFB<sub>1</sub> by directly influencing its metabolism <i>in vivo</i>, which contributes to its elimination. Here, we review various phytochemicals that resist AFB<sub>1</sub> and their anti-AFB<sub>1</sub> mechanisms in different animals, as well as the common characteristics of phytochemicals with anti-AFB<sub>1</sub> function. Additionally, the shortcomings of current research and future research directions will be discussed. Overall, this comprehensive summary contributes to the better application of phytochemicals in agriculture and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02465
Maik Behrens
Human bitter perception is important for the identification of potentially harmful substances in food. For quite some years, research focused on the identification of activators for ∼25 human bitter taste receptors. The discovery of antagonists as well as increasing knowledge about agonists of different efficacies has substantially added to the intricacy of bitter taste perception. This article seeks to raise awareness for an underestimated new level of complexity when compound mixtures or even whole food items are assessed for their bitter taste.
{"title":"The Growing Complexity of Human Bitter Taste Perception.","authors":"Maik Behrens","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02465","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human bitter perception is important for the identification of potentially harmful substances in food. For quite some years, research focused on the identification of activators for ∼25 human bitter taste receptors. The discovery of antagonists as well as increasing knowledge about agonists of different efficacies has substantially added to the intricacy of bitter taste perception. This article seeks to raise awareness for an underestimated new level of complexity when compound mixtures or even whole food items are assessed for their bitter taste.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02611
Mingtao Zhao, Baohui Zhang, Xiaofeng Wu, Yi Xiao
Monolignols and their derivatives exhibit various pharmaceutical and physiological characteristics, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, they remain difficult to synthesize. In this study, we engineered several whole-cell bioconversion systems with carboxylate reductase (CAR)-mediated pathways for efficient synthesis of p-coumaryl, caffeyl, and coniferyl alcohols from l-tyrosine in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). By overexpressing the l-tyrosine ammonia lyase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae (FjTAL), carboxylate reductase from Segniliparus rugosus (SruCAR), alcohol dehydrogenase YqhD and hydroxylase HpaBC from E. coli, and caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from Arabidopsis thaliana, three enzyme cascades FjTAL-SruCAR-YqhD, FjTAL-SruCAR-YqhD-HpaBC, and FjTAL-SruCAR-YqhD-HpaBC-COMT were constructed to produce 1028.5 mg/L p-coumaryl alcohol, 1015.3 mg/L caffeyl alcohol, and 411.4 mg/L coniferyl alcohol from 1500, 1500, and 1000 mg/L l-tyrosine, with productivities of 257.1, 203.1, and 82.3 mg/L/h, respectively. This work provides an efficient strategy for the biosynthesis of p-coumaryl, caffeyl, and coniferyl alcohols from l-tyrosine.
{"title":"Whole-Cell Bioconversion Systems for Efficient Synthesis of Monolignols from L-Tyrosine in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Mingtao Zhao, Baohui Zhang, Xiaofeng Wu, Yi Xiao","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02611","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monolignols and their derivatives exhibit various pharmaceutical and physiological characteristics, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, they remain difficult to synthesize. In this study, we engineered several whole-cell bioconversion systems with carboxylate reductase (CAR)-mediated pathways for efficient synthesis of <i>p</i>-coumaryl, caffeyl, and coniferyl alcohols from l-tyrosine in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 (DE3). By overexpressing the l-tyrosine ammonia lyase from <i>Flavobacterium johnsoniae</i> (FjTAL), carboxylate reductase from <i>Segniliparus rugosus</i> (SruCAR), alcohol dehydrogenase YqhD and hydroxylase HpaBC from <i>E. coli</i>, and caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, three enzyme cascades FjTAL-SruCAR-YqhD, FjTAL-SruCAR-YqhD-HpaBC, and FjTAL-SruCAR-YqhD-HpaBC-COMT were constructed to produce 1028.5 mg/L <i>p</i>-coumaryl alcohol, 1015.3 mg/L caffeyl alcohol, and 411.4 mg/L coniferyl alcohol from 1500, 1500, and 1000 mg/L l-tyrosine, with productivities of 257.1, 203.1, and 82.3 mg/L/h, respectively. This work provides an efficient strategy for the biosynthesis of <i>p</i>-coumaryl, caffeyl, and coniferyl alcohols from l-tyrosine.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}