Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00416
S. Wang, Tai Wu, Jingjing Guo, Rongjun Zhao, Yong Hua, Yanli Zhao
{"title":"Engineering the Hole Transport Layer with a Conductive Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"S. Wang, Tai Wu, Jingjing Guo, Rongjun Zhao, Yong Hua, Yanli Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00416","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00925
Chengyi Hu, and , Nanfeng Zheng*,
{"title":"ACS Central Science Virtual Issue on Advanced Materials and Processes for Building Low-Carbon Energy Systems","authors":"Chengyi Hu, and , Nanfeng Zheng*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00925","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00373
Shaoran Zhang, Qi Tang*, Xu Zhang and Xing Chen*,
The proximitome is defined as the entire collection of biomolecules spatially in the proximity of a biomolecule of interest. More broadly, the concept of the proximitome can be extended to the totality of cells proximal to a specific cell type. Since the spatial organization of biomolecules and cells is essential for almost all biological processes, proximitomics has recently emerged as an active area of scientific research. One of the growing strategies for proximitomics leverages reactive species─which are generated in situ and spatially confined, to chemically tag and capture proximal biomolecules and cells for systematic analysis. In this Outlook, we summarize different types of reactive species that have been exploited for proximitomics and discuss their pros and cons for specific applications. In addition, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of this exciting field.
Proximitomics leverages reactive species to chemically tag and capture proximal biomolecules and cells for systematic analysis, uncovering their interactions and spatial organizations in complex biological systems.
{"title":"Proximitomics by Reactive Species","authors":"Shaoran Zhang, Qi Tang*, Xu Zhang and Xing Chen*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00373","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00373","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The proximitome is defined as the entire collection of biomolecules spatially in the proximity of a biomolecule of interest. More broadly, the concept of the proximitome can be extended to the totality of cells proximal to a specific cell type. Since the spatial organization of biomolecules and cells is essential for almost all biological processes, proximitomics has recently emerged as an active area of scientific research. One of the growing strategies for proximitomics leverages reactive species─which are generated in situ and spatially confined, to chemically tag and capture proximal biomolecules and cells for systematic analysis. In this Outlook, we summarize different types of reactive species that have been exploited for proximitomics and discuss their pros and cons for specific applications. In addition, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of this exciting field.</p><p >Proximitomics leverages reactive species to chemically tag and capture proximal biomolecules and cells for systematic analysis, uncovering their interactions and spatial organizations in complex biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00686
Raj V. Nithun, Yumi Minyi Yao, Omer Harel, Shaimaa Habiballah, Ariel Afek* and Muhammad Jbara*,
Chemical protein synthesis provides a powerful means to prepare novel modified proteins with precision down to the atomic level, enabling an unprecedented opportunity to understand fundamental biological processes. Of particular interest is the process of gene expression, orchestrated through the interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and DNA. Here, we combined chemical protein synthesis and high-throughput screening technology to decipher the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs), e.g., Lys-acetylation on the DNA binding activity of Max TF. We synthesized a focused library of singly, doubly, and triply modified Max variants including site-specifically acetylated and fluorescently tagged analogs. The resulting synthetic analogs were employed to decipher the molecular role of Lys-acetylation on the DNA binding activity and sequence specificity of Max. We provide evidence that the acetylation sites at Lys-31 and Lys-57 significantly inhibit the DNA binding activity of Max. Furthermore, by utilizing high-throughput binding measurements, we assessed the binding activities of the modified Max variants across diverse DNA sequences. Our results indicate that acetylation marks can alter the binding specificities of Max toward certain sequences flanking its consensus binding sites. Our work provides insight into the hidden molecular code of PTM-TFs and DNA interactions, paving the way to interpret gene expression regulation programs.
A focused library of site-specifically acetylated analogs of the transcription factor Max was chemically synthesized to dissect the molecular role of Lys-acetylation in the DNA binding activity of Max.
化学蛋白质合成为制备精确到原子水平的新型修饰蛋白质提供了强有力的手段,为了解基本生物过程提供了前所未有的机会。尤其令人感兴趣的是通过转录因子(TF)和 DNA 之间的相互作用来协调的基因表达过程。在这里,我们将化学蛋白质合成与高通量筛选技术相结合,以破译翻译后修饰(PTM)(如赖氨酸乙酰化)对 Max TF DNA 结合活性的作用。我们合成了一个集中的单修饰、双修饰和三修饰 Max 变体库,包括位点特异性乙酰化和荧光标记的类似物。我们利用合成的类似物来解读 Lys 乙酰化对 Max 的 DNA 结合活性和序列特异性的分子作用。我们提供的证据表明,Lys-31 和 Lys-57 的乙酰化位点能显著抑制 Max 的 DNA 结合活性。此外,通过利用高通量结合测量,我们评估了修饰后的 Max 变体在不同 DNA 序列中的结合活性。我们的研究结果表明,乙酰化标记可以改变 Max 与其共识结合位点侧翼某些序列的结合特异性。我们的工作深入揭示了 PTM-TFs 和 DNA 相互作用的隐藏分子代码,为解读基因表达调控程序铺平了道路。我们通过化学合成了转录因子 Max 的特定位点乙酰化类似物的重点文库,以剖析赖氨酸乙酰化在 Max DNA 结合活性中的分子作用。
{"title":"Site-Specific Acetylation of the Transcription Factor Protein Max Modulates Its DNA Binding Activity","authors":"Raj V. Nithun, Yumi Minyi Yao, Omer Harel, Shaimaa Habiballah, Ariel Afek* and Muhammad Jbara*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00686","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00686","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chemical protein synthesis provides a powerful means to prepare novel modified proteins with precision down to the atomic level, enabling an unprecedented opportunity to understand fundamental biological processes. Of particular interest is the process of gene expression, orchestrated through the interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and DNA. Here, we combined chemical protein synthesis and high-throughput screening technology to decipher the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs), e.g., Lys-acetylation on the DNA binding activity of Max TF. We synthesized a focused library of singly, doubly, and triply modified Max variants including site-specifically acetylated and fluorescently tagged analogs. The resulting synthetic analogs were employed to decipher the molecular role of Lys-acetylation on the DNA binding activity and sequence specificity of Max. We provide evidence that the acetylation sites at Lys-31 and Lys-57 significantly inhibit the DNA binding activity of Max. Furthermore, by utilizing high-throughput binding measurements, we assessed the binding activities of the modified Max variants across diverse DNA sequences. Our results indicate that acetylation marks can alter the binding specificities of Max toward certain sequences flanking its consensus binding sites. Our work provides insight into the hidden molecular code of PTM-TFs and DNA interactions, paving the way to interpret gene expression regulation programs.</p><p >A focused library of site-specifically acetylated analogs of the transcription factor Max was chemically synthesized to dissect the molecular role of Lys-acetylation in the DNA binding activity of Max.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High capacity and long cycling often conflict with each other in electrode materials. Despite extensive efforts in structural design, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve dual high electrochemical properties. In this study, we prepared brand-new completely uniform mesoporous cubic-cages assembled by large d-spacing Ni(OH)2 coupled monolayers intercalated with VO43– (NiCMCs) using a biomimetic approach. Such unique mesoporous structural configuration results in an almost full atomic exposure with an amazing specific surface area of 505 m2/g and atomic utilization efficiency close to the theoretical limit, which is the highest value and far surpasses all of the reported Ni(OH)2. Thus, a breakthrough in simultaneously attaining high capacity approaching the 100% theoretical value and robust cycling of 10,000 cycles is achieved, setting a new precedent in achieving double-high attributes. When combined with high-performance Bi2O3 hexagonal nanotubes, the resulting aqueous battery exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 115 Wh/kg and an outstanding power density of 9.5 kW/kg among the same kind. Characterizations and simulations reveal the important role of large interlayer spacing intercalation units and mesoporous cages for excellent electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics. This work represents a milestone in developing “double-high” electrode materials, pointing in the direction for related research and paving the way for their practical application.
Mesoporous cubic nanocages, assembled from coupled monolayers with expanded interlayer spacing induced by intercalation, achieve nearly 100% theoretical capacity and robust cycling.
{"title":"Mesoporous Cubic Nanocages Assembled by Coupled Monolayers With 100% Theoretical Capacity and Robust Cycling","authors":"Guangtao Zan, Shanqing Li, Ping Chen, Kangze Dong, Qingsheng Wu and Tong Wu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00345","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00345","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High capacity and long cycling often conflict with each other in electrode materials. Despite extensive efforts in structural design, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve dual high electrochemical properties. In this study, we prepared brand-new completely uniform mesoporous cubic-cages assembled by large <i>d</i>-spacing Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> coupled monolayers intercalated with VO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> (NiCMCs) using a biomimetic approach. Such unique mesoporous structural configuration results in an almost full atomic exposure with an amazing specific surface area of 505 m<sup>2</sup>/g and atomic utilization efficiency close to the theoretical limit, which is the highest value and far surpasses all of the reported Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Thus, a breakthrough in simultaneously attaining high capacity approaching the 100% theoretical value and robust cycling of 10,000 cycles is achieved, setting a new precedent in achieving double-high attributes. When combined with high-performance Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hexagonal nanotubes, the resulting aqueous battery exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 115 Wh/kg and an outstanding power density of 9.5 kW/kg among the same kind. Characterizations and simulations reveal the important role of large interlayer spacing intercalation units and mesoporous cages for excellent electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics. This work represents a milestone in developing “double-high” electrode materials, pointing in the direction for related research and paving the way for their practical application.</p><p >Mesoporous cubic nanocages, assembled from coupled monolayers with expanded interlayer spacing induced by intercalation, achieve nearly 100% theoretical capacity and robust cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00314
F. Aaron Cruz-Navarrete, Wezley C. Griffin, Yuk-Cheung Chan, Maxwell I. Martin, Jose L. Alejo, Ryan A. Brady, S. Kundhavai Natchiar, Isaac J. Knudson, Roger B. Altman, Alanna Schepartz, Scott J. Miller* and Scott C. Blanchard*,
Templated synthesis of proteins containing non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) promises to expand the chemical space available to biological therapeutics and materials, but existing technologies are still limiting. Addressing these limitations requires a deeper understanding of the mechanism of protein synthesis and how it is perturbed by nnAAs. Here we examine the impact of nnAAs on the formation and ribosome utilization of the central elongation substrate: the ternary complex of native, aminoacylated tRNA, thermally unstable elongation factor, and GTP. By performing ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, we reveal that both the (R)- and (S)-β2 isomers of phenylalanine (Phe) disrupt ternary complex formation to levels below in vitro detection limits, while (R)- and (S)-β3-Phe reduce ternary complex stability by 1 order of magnitude. Consistent with these findings, (R)- and (S)-β2-Phe-charged tRNAs were not utilized by the ribosome, while (R)- and (S)-β3-Phe stereoisomers were utilized inefficiently. (R)-β3-Phe but not (S)-β3-Phe also exhibited order of magnitude defects in the rate of translocation after mRNA decoding. We conclude from these findings that non-natural amino acids can negatively impact the translation mechanism on multiple fronts and that the bottlenecks for improvement must include the consideration of the efficiency and stability of ternary complex formation.
β-Phe amino acids perturb several critical steps of the protein synthesis mechanism, revealing previously unappreciated bottlenecks that limit noncanonical amino acid incorporation into proteins.
{"title":"β-Amino Acids Reduce Ternary Complex Stability and Alter the Translation Elongation Mechanism","authors":"F. Aaron Cruz-Navarrete, Wezley C. Griffin, Yuk-Cheung Chan, Maxwell I. Martin, Jose L. Alejo, Ryan A. Brady, S. Kundhavai Natchiar, Isaac J. Knudson, Roger B. Altman, Alanna Schepartz, Scott J. Miller* and Scott C. Blanchard*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00314","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00314","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Templated synthesis of proteins containing non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) promises to expand the chemical space available to biological therapeutics and materials, but existing technologies are still limiting. Addressing these limitations requires a deeper understanding of the mechanism of protein synthesis and how it is perturbed by nnAAs. Here we examine the impact of nnAAs on the formation and ribosome utilization of the central elongation substrate: the ternary complex of native, aminoacylated tRNA, thermally unstable elongation factor, and GTP. By performing ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, we reveal that both the (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-β<sup>2</sup> isomers of phenylalanine (Phe) disrupt ternary complex formation to levels below in vitro detection limits, while (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-β<sup>3</sup>-Phe reduce ternary complex stability by 1 order of magnitude. Consistent with these findings, (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-β<sup>2</sup>-Phe-charged tRNAs were not utilized by the ribosome, while (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-β<sup>3</sup>-Phe stereoisomers were utilized inefficiently. (<i>R</i>)-β<sup>3</sup>-Phe but not (<i>S</i>)-β<sup>3</sup>-Phe also exhibited order of magnitude defects in the rate of translocation after mRNA decoding. We conclude from these findings that non-natural amino acids can negatively impact the translation mechanism on multiple fronts and that the bottlenecks for improvement must include the consideration of the efficiency and stability of ternary complex formation.</p><p >β-Phe amino acids perturb several critical steps of the protein synthesis mechanism, revealing previously unappreciated bottlenecks that limit noncanonical amino acid incorporation into proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00044
Yue Yu, and , Wilfred A. van der Donk*,
A subset of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) are encoded in their biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with enzymes annotated as lantibiotic dehydratases. The functions of these putative lantibiotic dehydratases remain unknown. Here, we characterize an NRPS-PKS BGC with a putative lantibiotic dehydratase from the bacterium Stackebrandtia nassauensis (sna). Heterologous expression revealed several metabolites produced by the BGC, and the omission of selected biosynthetic enzymes revealed the biosynthetic pathway toward these compounds. The final product is a bisarginyl ureidopeptide with an enone electrophile. The putative lantibiotic dehydratase catalyzes peptide bond formation to a Thr that extends the peptide scaffold opposite to the NRPS and PKS biosynthetic direction. The condensation domain of the NRPS SnaA catalyzes the formation of a ureido group, and bioinformatics analysis revealed a distinct active site signature EHHXXHDG of ureido-generating condensation (Curea) domains. This work demonstrates that the annotated lantibiotic dehydratase serves as a separate amide bond-forming machinery in addition to the NRPS, and that the lantibiotic dehydratase enzyme family possesses diverse catalytic activities in the biosynthesis of both ribosomal and nonribosomal natural products.
The discovery of threopeptin reveals the function of the putative lantibiotic dehydratases in nonribosomal peptide (NRP) BGCs and enables the bioinformatic prediction of ureido-containing NRPs.
{"title":"PEARL-Catalyzed Peptide Bond Formation after Chain Reversal by Ureido-Forming Condensation Domains","authors":"Yue Yu, and , Wilfred A. van der Donk*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00044","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00044","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A subset of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) are encoded in their biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with enzymes annotated as lantibiotic dehydratases. The functions of these putative lantibiotic dehydratases remain unknown. Here, we characterize an NRPS-PKS BGC with a putative lantibiotic dehydratase from the bacterium <i>Stackebrandtia nassauensis</i> (<i>sna</i>). Heterologous expression revealed several metabolites produced by the BGC, and the omission of selected biosynthetic enzymes revealed the biosynthetic pathway toward these compounds. The final product is a bisarginyl ureidopeptide with an enone electrophile. The putative lantibiotic dehydratase catalyzes peptide bond formation to a Thr that extends the peptide scaffold opposite to the NRPS and PKS biosynthetic direction. The condensation domain of the NRPS SnaA catalyzes the formation of a ureido group, and bioinformatics analysis revealed a distinct active site signature EHHXXHDG of ureido-generating condensation (C<sub>urea</sub>) domains. This work demonstrates that the annotated lantibiotic dehydratase serves as a separate amide bond-forming machinery in addition to the NRPS, and that the lantibiotic dehydratase enzyme family possesses diverse catalytic activities in the biosynthesis of both ribosomal and nonribosomal natural products.</p><p >The discovery of threopeptin reveals the function of the putative lantibiotic dehydratases in nonribosomal peptide (NRP) BGCs and enables the bioinformatic prediction of ureido-containing NRPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01589
Myeong-Gyun Kang, Hwa-Ryeon Kim, Hee Yong Lee, Chulhwan Kwak, Hyewon Koh, Byoung Heon Kang, Jae-Seok Roe* and Hyun-Woo Rhee*,
Mitochondrial thermogenesis is a process in which heat is generated by mitochondrial respiration. In living organisms, the thermogenic mechanisms that maintain body temperature have been studied extensively in fat cells with little knowledge on how mitochondrial heat may act beyond energy expenditure. Here, we highlight that the exothermic oxygen reduction reaction (ΔHf° = −286 kJ/mol) is the main source of the protonophore-induced mitochondrial thermogenesis, and this heat is conducted to other cellular organelles, including the nucleus. As a result, mitochondrial heat that reached the nucleus initiated the classical heat shock response, including the formation of nuclear stress granules and the localization of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) to chromatin. Consequently, activated HSF1 increases the level of gene expression associated with the response to thermal stress in mammalian cells. Our results illustrate heat generated within the cells as a potential source of mitochondria-nucleus communication and expand our understanding of the biological functions of mitochondria in cell physiology.
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the exothermic reaction in mitochondria, and ORR-driven mitochondrial thermogenesis can induce the HSF1-mediated heat shock response in the nucleus.
{"title":"Mitochondrial Thermogenesis Can Trigger Heat Shock Response in the Nucleus","authors":"Myeong-Gyun Kang, Hwa-Ryeon Kim, Hee Yong Lee, Chulhwan Kwak, Hyewon Koh, Byoung Heon Kang, Jae-Seok Roe* and Hyun-Woo Rhee*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.3c01589","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.3c01589","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mitochondrial thermogenesis is a process in which heat is generated by mitochondrial respiration. In living organisms, the thermogenic mechanisms that maintain body temperature have been studied extensively in fat cells with little knowledge on how mitochondrial heat may act beyond energy expenditure. Here, we highlight that the exothermic oxygen reduction reaction (Δ<i>H</i><sub>f</sub>° = −286 kJ/mol) is the main source of the protonophore-induced mitochondrial thermogenesis, and this heat is conducted to other cellular organelles, including the nucleus. As a result, mitochondrial heat that reached the nucleus initiated the classical heat shock response, including the formation of nuclear stress granules and the localization of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) to chromatin. Consequently, activated HSF1 increases the level of gene expression associated with the response to thermal stress in mammalian cells. Our results illustrate heat generated within the cells as a potential source of mitochondria-nucleus communication and expand our understanding of the biological functions of mitochondria in cell physiology.</p><p >Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the exothermic reaction in mitochondria, and ORR-driven mitochondrial thermogenesis can induce the HSF1-mediated heat shock response in the nucleus.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.3c01589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00121
Kaitlin L. Branch, Erin R. Johnson and Eva M. Nichols*,
Metalloporphyrins are widely used as homogeneous electrocatalysts for transformations relevant to clean energy and sustainable organic synthesis. Metalloporphyrins are well-known to aggregate due to π–π stacking, but surprisingly, the influence of aggregation on homogeneous electrocatalytic performance has not been investigated previously. Herein, we present three structurally related iron meso-phenylporphyrins whose aggregation properties are different in commonly used N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) electrolyte. Both spectroscopy and light scattering provide evidence of extensive porphyrin aggregation under conventional electrocatalytic conditions. Using the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO as a test reaction, cyclic voltammetry reveals an inverse dependence of the kinetics on the catalyst concentration. The inhibition extends to bulk performance, where up to 75% of the catalyst at 1 mM is inactive compared to at 0.25 mM. We additionally report how aggregation is perturbed by organic additives, axial ligands, and redox state. Periodic boundary calculations provide additional insights into aggregate stability as a function of metalloporphyrin structure. Finally, we generalize the aggregation phenomenon by surveying metalloporphyrins with different metals and substituents. This study demonstrates that homogeneous metalloporphyrins can aggregate severely in well-solubilizing organic electrolytes, that aggregation can be easily modulated through experimental conditions, and that the extent of aggregation must be considered for accurate catalytic benchmarking.
Solution aggregation of metalloporphyrins inhibits electrocatalysis. This complicates intrinsic activity comparisons but offers a new way to modulate activity by controlling aggregate speciation.
金属卟啉被广泛用作均相电催化剂,用于与清洁能源和可持续有机合成相关的转化。众所周知,金属卟啉会因π-π堆叠而聚集,但令人惊讶的是,聚集对均相电催化性能的影响以前还没有研究过。在此,我们介绍了三种结构相关的铁介苯基卟啉,它们在常用的 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)电解液中的聚集特性各不相同。在传统电催化条件下,光谱法和光散射法均可提供卟啉广泛聚集的证据。以 CO2 电催化还原为 CO 作为测试反应,循环伏安法显示了动力学与催化剂浓度的反向依赖关系。这种抑制作用延伸到催化剂的整体性能,与 0.25 毫摩尔的催化剂相比,1 毫摩尔催化剂中高达 75% 的催化剂不起作用。我们还报告了有机添加剂、轴向配体和氧化还原状态对聚集的干扰。通过周期边界计算,我们进一步了解了金属卟啉结构对聚集稳定性的影响。最后,我们通过研究具有不同金属和取代基的金属卟啉,对聚集现象进行了归纳。这项研究表明,均相金属卟啉在溶解性良好的有机电解质中会发生严重的聚集,聚集现象很容易通过实验条件进行调节,而且必须考虑到聚集的程度才能进行准确的催化基准测试。
{"title":"Porphyrin Aggregation under Homogeneous Conditions Inhibits Electrocatalysis: A Case Study on CO2 Reduction","authors":"Kaitlin L. Branch, Erin R. Johnson and Eva M. Nichols*, ","doi":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00121","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acscentsci.4c00121","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metalloporphyrins are widely used as homogeneous electrocatalysts for transformations relevant to clean energy and sustainable organic synthesis. Metalloporphyrins are well-known to aggregate due to π–π stacking, but surprisingly, the influence of aggregation on homogeneous electrocatalytic performance has not been investigated previously. Herein, we present three structurally related iron <i>meso</i>-phenylporphyrins whose aggregation properties are different in commonly used <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide (DMF) electrolyte. Both spectroscopy and light scattering provide evidence of extensive porphyrin aggregation under conventional electrocatalytic conditions. Using the electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO as a test reaction, cyclic voltammetry reveals an inverse dependence of the kinetics on the catalyst concentration. The inhibition extends to bulk performance, where up to 75% of the catalyst at 1 mM is inactive compared to at 0.25 mM. We additionally report how aggregation is perturbed by organic additives, axial ligands, and redox state. Periodic boundary calculations provide additional insights into aggregate stability as a function of metalloporphyrin structure. Finally, we generalize the aggregation phenomenon by surveying metalloporphyrins with different metals and substituents. This study demonstrates that homogeneous metalloporphyrins can aggregate severely in well-solubilizing organic electrolytes, that aggregation can be easily modulated through experimental conditions, and that the extent of aggregation must be considered for accurate catalytic benchmarking.</p><p >Solution aggregation of metalloporphyrins inhibits electrocatalysis. This complicates intrinsic activity comparisons but offers a new way to modulate activity by controlling aggregate speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10,"journal":{"name":"ACS Central Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acscentsci.4c00121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}