Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.54105/ijpe.b1916.113223
Dr. Mehrdad Alemi, Hossein Jalalifar
Heavier molecules tend to migrate towards the bottom of column. Gross assumptions in PVT experiment are that the system is in gravitational and diffusive equilibrium. Starting from an oil and moving up a column, the fluid will become lighter and tend towards a gas (condensate). Two types of grading are possible. The first one is of the fluid going from an oil to a gas with a distinct gas-oil contact at some unique depth. If this situation occurs, it will be predicted. The second one is the Fluid grading from an oil to a gas without a contact. This case corresponds to the critical temperature of a composition within the reservoir equalling the reservoir temperature. In compliance with compositional grading study, the API and some properties of the reservoir oil composition such as sulphur and CO2 contents vary with the reservoir depth. Most of the time the gas-oil contact (GOC) is named as the reservoir datum depth. In this paper, the study of compositional grading and reservoir oil composition variation with depth experiment by PVTi software with lab data has been achieved and some good conclusions have been gained.
较重的分子倾向于向柱底移动。PVT 实验的基本假设是系统处于重力平衡和扩散平衡状态。从油品开始，沿着油柱向上移动，流体会变轻并趋向于气体（凝析油）。有两种可能的分级。第一种是流体从油层变为气层，并在某个特定深度出现明显的气油接触。如果出现这种情况，将对其进行预测。第二种是流体从油到气的分级，没有接触。这种情况下，储层内成分的临界温度等于储层温度。根据成分分级研究，储层石油成分的 API 和某些属性（如硫含量和二氧化碳含量）随储层深度而变化。大多数情况下，气-油接触点（GOC）被命名为储层基准深度。本文利用 PVTi 软件和实验室数据，对成分分级和储层石油成分随深度变化的实验进行了研究，并得出了一些很好的结论。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.54105/ijpe.b1914.113223
Dr. Mehrdad Alemi, Hossein Jalalifar
Among the most important thermal oil recovery enhancement methods, it is possible to point out In-Situ Combustion (ISC) and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) processes. The “Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainage (CAGD) process” as an oil recovery enhancement method is a specific combination of two methods: 1-In-Situ Combustion process mostly in terms of the process mechanism and the combustion reactions and also the injected gas type. and 2-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage process mostly in terms of well configuration. Cross CAGD (XCAGD) is akin to CAGD except that the horizontal injectors are placed perpendicular to the horizontal production wells. By combining both gravity drainage and lateral displacement, XCAGD is able to hasten recovery, diminish steam requirements and promote economic potential compared to CAGD. XCAGD is better suited for several near producers with several perpendicular injectors to achieve a better development. It should be noted that near above kick off point of the vertical injectors with the horizontal producers in XCAGD, slotted liner embedding is pivotal. In this paper, a reservoir simulation of Cross CAGD (XCAGD) thermal enhanced heavy oil recovery using Foam with Steam injection has been precisely scrutinized and studied then some good results have been obtained. These good results encompass more recovery factor of produced oil about %3-5 derived from FOIP curves.
{"title":"Reservoir Simulation of Cross CAGD (XCAGD) Thermal Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery using Foam with Steam Injection","authors":"Dr. Mehrdad Alemi, Hossein Jalalifar","doi":"10.54105/ijpe.b1914.113223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.b1914.113223","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most important thermal oil recovery enhancement methods, it is possible to point out In-Situ Combustion (ISC) and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) processes. The “Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainage (CAGD) process” as an oil recovery enhancement method is a specific combination of two methods: 1-In-Situ Combustion process mostly in terms of the process mechanism and the combustion reactions and also the injected gas type. and 2-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage process mostly in terms of well configuration. Cross CAGD (XCAGD) is akin to CAGD except that the horizontal injectors are placed perpendicular to the horizontal production wells. By combining both gravity drainage and lateral displacement, XCAGD is able to hasten recovery, diminish steam requirements and promote economic potential compared to CAGD. XCAGD is better suited for several near producers with several perpendicular injectors to achieve a better development. It should be noted that near above kick off point of the vertical injectors with the horizontal producers in XCAGD, slotted liner embedding is pivotal. In this paper, a reservoir simulation of Cross CAGD (XCAGD) thermal enhanced heavy oil recovery using Foam with Steam injection has been precisely scrutinized and studied then some good results have been obtained. These good results encompass more recovery factor of produced oil about %3-5 derived from FOIP curves.","PeriodicalId":104732,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.54105/ijpe.a1909.053123
V.V. Srimannarayana, Ch. China Subbarao, A. Raghuram, S. Srinivas, B. Pavan, Y. Ramana
This paper outlines and measures the significance of the cement-bond-log (CBL) tool for cement evaluation programs. And these tool evaluations are often challenged, as is their ability to determine the association between the compressive strength and the existence of poor cementing bonding. Casing dimensions have an impact on the connection, but cement type and drying conditions have no bearing on them. Significance of certain geometrical parameters on the cement bond log's primary output, or the attenuation of a sonic wave traveling along an interface between cement and casing. For a variety of cement densities, sonic attenuation rates were connected to compressive strengths. There is a discussion of certain experimental logging samples and cementing operation details. Moreover, data connecting attenuation rates to cement densities and compressive strengths are shown.
{"title":"Study of Micro Annulus Analysis of Cement Bond Evaluation by using Logging Tools","authors":"V.V. Srimannarayana, Ch. China Subbarao, A. Raghuram, S. Srinivas, B. Pavan, Y. Ramana","doi":"10.54105/ijpe.a1909.053123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.a1909.053123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines and measures the significance of the cement-bond-log (CBL) tool for cement evaluation programs. And these tool evaluations are often challenged, as is their ability to determine the association between the compressive strength and the existence of poor cementing bonding. Casing dimensions have an impact on the connection, but cement type and drying conditions have no bearing on them. Significance of certain geometrical parameters on the cement bond log's primary output, or the attenuation of a sonic wave traveling along an interface between cement and casing. For a variety of cement densities, sonic attenuation rates were connected to compressive strengths. There is a discussion of certain experimental logging samples and cementing operation details. Moreover, data connecting attenuation rates to cement densities and compressive strengths are shown.","PeriodicalId":104732,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126441223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.54105/ijpe.f7449.112222
Dr. B. Sarath Babu, Seerla Venkata Priyanka
The growing demand for the production of propionic acid as it useful in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, preservations, drug delivery towards a more economical energy efficient technology. Reactive extraction is used over conventional method as conventional methods i.e., fermentation broth is expensive as well as unfriendly towards the environment. A specific extractant and various diluents are used in reactive extraction which gives us a promising technique for the acid extraction. Alamine 336 (TOA) was used with a combination of petroleum ether by varying concentrations. Physical and chemical extractions results are presented as equilibrium distribution, distribution co – efficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and volume percentage by varying concentrations. The propionic acid distribution between aqueous & organic phase reaches equilibrium over a concentration range of 0.04 kmol/m3 – 0.22 kmol/m3. The optimum TOA concentration is found to be 40% at which KD value for petroleum ether is 0.73. In petroleum ether the modified separation and loading ratio increases with decrease in TOA acid concentration in petroleum ether.
{"title":"Kinetic Study on Propionic using Alamine 336 in Petroleum Ether by Reactive Extraction","authors":"Dr. B. Sarath Babu, Seerla Venkata Priyanka","doi":"10.54105/ijpe.f7449.112222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.f7449.112222","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for the production of propionic acid as it useful in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, preservations, drug delivery towards a more economical energy efficient technology. Reactive extraction is used over conventional method as conventional methods i.e., fermentation broth is expensive as well as unfriendly towards the environment. A specific extractant and various diluents are used in reactive extraction which gives us a promising technique for the acid extraction. Alamine 336 (TOA) was used with a combination of petroleum ether by varying concentrations. Physical and chemical extractions results are presented as equilibrium distribution, distribution co – efficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and volume percentage by varying concentrations. The propionic acid distribution between aqueous & organic phase reaches equilibrium over a concentration range of 0.04 kmol/m3 – 0.22 kmol/m3. The optimum TOA concentration is found to be 40% at which KD value for petroleum ether is 0.73. In petroleum ether the modified separation and loading ratio increases with decrease in TOA acid concentration in petroleum ether.","PeriodicalId":104732,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126929512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.35940/ijpe.b1903.111221
Amosu C.O.
Noise and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in the workplace is a serious issue. Not only can it affect hearing, it can also affect ability to work safely. This is because noises make it difficult to hear instructions or safety warnings. Mine workers each have a responsibility for safety in relation to noise. This paper informs underground and surface mine operators and mine workers to recognise, manage and control risks associated with occupational noise exposure. It explains the health effects of noise, source and noise exposure types; measurement of exposure standards and control measures that can reduce these risks.
{"title":"Effects of Noise and Control in Mine Operation","authors":"Amosu C.O.","doi":"10.35940/ijpe.b1903.111221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijpe.b1903.111221","url":null,"abstract":"Noise and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in the workplace is a serious issue. Not only can it affect hearing, it can also affect ability to work safely. This is because noises make it difficult to hear instructions or safety warnings. Mine workers each have a responsibility for safety in relation to noise. This paper informs underground and surface mine operators and mine workers to recognise, manage and control risks associated with occupational noise exposure. It explains the health effects of noise, source and noise exposure types; measurement of exposure standards and control measures that can reduce these risks.","PeriodicalId":104732,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133167972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.54105/ijpe.a1901.051121
Amosu C.O.
The challenges created by HPHT conditions make drilling and cementing difficult. The overwhelming challenge stands for materials used for wells operated at higher temperature and pressures in the face of producing downhole. There is need for better choice of cement for cementing operations during development and production of wells. The review method is adopted in this article considering Calcium Oxide which poses as good cement expander. In this paper, a broad overview of the fundamental understanding and use of calcium oxide as additive is considered for cementation of HPHT production wells will be discussed.
{"title":"High Pressure and High Temperature Wells Cementation using Calcium Oxide Additives: Review","authors":"Amosu C.O.","doi":"10.54105/ijpe.a1901.051121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.a1901.051121","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges created by HPHT conditions make drilling and cementing difficult. The overwhelming challenge stands for materials used for wells operated at higher temperature and pressures in the face of producing downhole. There is need for better choice of cement for cementing operations during development and production of wells. The review method is adopted in this article considering Calcium Oxide which poses as good cement expander. In this paper, a broad overview of the fundamental understanding and use of calcium oxide as additive is considered for cementation of HPHT production wells will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":104732,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124961910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.35940/IJPE.A1901.051121
C. O. Amosu
The challenges created by HPHT conditions make drilling and cementing difficult. The overwhelming challenge stands for materials used for wells operated at higher temperature and pressures in the face of producing downhole. There is need for better choice of cement for cementing operations during development and production of wells. The review method is adopted in this article considering Calcium Oxide which poses as good cement expander. In this paper, a broad overview of the fundamental understanding and use of calcium oxide as additive is considered for cementation of HPHT production wells will be discussed.
{"title":"High Pressure and High Temperature Wells Cementation using Calcium Oxide Additives: Review","authors":"C. O. Amosu","doi":"10.35940/IJPE.A1901.051121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/IJPE.A1901.051121","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges created by HPHT conditions make drilling and cementing difficult. The overwhelming challenge stands for materials used for wells operated at higher temperature and pressures in the face of producing downhole. There is need for better choice of cement for cementing operations during development and production of wells. The review method is adopted in this article considering Calcium Oxide which poses as good cement expander. In this paper, a broad overview of the fundamental understanding and use of calcium oxide as additive is considered for cementation of HPHT production wells will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":104732,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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