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Revisiting Searle on Deriving "Ought" from "Is"最新文献

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Why Moral Norms Cannot Be Reduced to Facts: On a Trilemma in Derivations of Moral “Ought” from “Is” 为什么道德规范不能简化为事实:道德“应该”从“是”推导的三难困境
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.36280/afpifs.2019.2.63
W. Załuski
The paper aims at formulating a certain trilemma that applies to justifying moral norms. The trilemma can be succinctly stated as follows: any attempt to derive a “moral-ought-statement” from an “is-statement” with a justificatory goal (i.e. to justify the “moral-ought-statement”), even if it were successful in its “derivation” part (i.e. logically correct), would be unsuccessful in its “justificatory” part for one of the following three reasons: (1) it would consider each human action of which a factual statement can be made as morally obligatory, thus “justifying” a large number of implausible moral norms; or (2) it would presuppose a moral norm not derivable from facts; or (3) it would not explain why the distinction – made based on extra-moral criteria – between those factual statements about human actions from which moral norms can be derived and those from which they cannot be derived should count as morally relevant. The trilemma is illustrated in the paper by an analysis of Searle’s well-known attempt at deriving “ought” from “is”. Some further implications of the trilemma regarding the proper way of justifying moral norms are also examined.
本文旨在形成一个适用于为道德规范辩护的三难困境。三难困境可以简洁地表述如下:任何试图从“是”的陈述中推导出“道德应该”的陈述,其目的是为了证明“道德应该”的陈述(即证明“道德应该”的陈述”),即使它在“推导”部分(即逻辑正确)是成功的,在“证明”部分也会失败,原因有以下三个:(1)它会认为每一个人类行为,其中一个事实陈述可以作为道德义务,从而“证明”大量不合理的道德规范;或者(2)它将预设一个不能从事实中推导出来的道德规范;或者(3)它不能解释为什么基于超道德标准的关于人类行为的事实陈述之间的区别——这些事实陈述可以推导出道德规范,而那些不能推导出道德规范的事实陈述应该被视为道德相关。本文通过分析Searle著名的从“是”推导出“应该”的尝试来说明三难困境。关于证明道德规范的正确方式的三难困境的一些进一步的含义也被检查。
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引用次数: 0
How to Derive Is from Ought 如何从应当中推导出应当
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54116-3_8
A. Conte
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引用次数: 0
On the Regulative Functions of Constitutive Rules 论构成规则的调节功能
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54116-3_6
F. Schauer
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引用次数: 1
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Revisiting Searle on Deriving "Ought" from "Is"
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