{"title":"The RIBA Plan of Work 2013","authors":"R. Fairhead","doi":"10.4324/9780429347085-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429347085-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107472,"journal":{"name":"Information Exchanges","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125465680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Handover and Close Out","authors":"R. Fairhead","doi":"10.4324/9780429347085-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429347085-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107472,"journal":{"name":"Information Exchanges","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121571206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
/CONSTRUCTION activity of all types increased ^-^ moderately in 1937 in spite of a marked decline in public construction expenditures. The decline in public activity was due largely to curtailment of the Federal public works program. Private construction expenditures moved up more than a billion dollars last year, the largest relative increases being recorded by factory building and public utility construction. During 1936, increases in both public and private construction contributed to the gain made over 1935. Although construction activity has risen steadily since 1934, the total volume for the past year was only about two-thirds of the average annual volume during the period from 1923 to 1930. The fluctuations in private, public, and total activity since 1915 are shown in figure 14. In the past, construction appears to have been a comparatively constant portion of total durable-goods activity. This is true despite the wide year-to-year fluctuations, which appear to be larger than those for any other industry of comparable magnitude. Over the 14-year period 1919 to 1932, construction volume was 46 percent of total durable-goods activity, according to estimates by the National Bureau of Economic Research. In recent years construction activity has been at depressed levels, but it still accounts for a considerable portion of the reduced volume of durablegoods production. The volume of construction activity from year to year is affected by a number of factors; foremost among these are the influences arising from economic, social, and governmental forces. In the following brief discussion, which emphasizes the developments of the last few years, the fluctuations in this important industry will be analyzed in terms of some of the major factors influencing the demand for various types of works and structures. Residential Building
1937年，尽管公共建筑支出明显下降，但各类建筑活动仍有适度增长。公共活动的减少主要是由于联邦公共工程计划的缩减。去年私人建筑支出增加了10亿美元以上，工厂建设和公用事业建设的相对增幅最大。1936年，公共和私人建筑的增加促成了1935年的增长。虽然建筑活动自1934年以来稳步上升，但过去一年的总量仅为1923年至1930年期间平均年量的三分之二左右。图14显示了自1915年以来私人、公共和总活动的波动情况。在过去，建筑业似乎是整个耐用品活动中相对稳定的一部分。这是事实，尽管每年的波动幅度很大，似乎比任何其他同等规模的行业都要大。根据美国国家经济研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)的估计，在1919年至1932年的14年间，建筑量占耐用品活动总量的46%。近年来，建筑活动一直处于低迷水平，但它仍然占耐用品产量减少的相当一部分。每年的建筑活动量受到许多因素的影响;其中最主要的是来自经济、社会和政府力量的影响。在下面的简短讨论中，强调了过去几年的发展，这个重要行业的波动将根据影响各类工程和结构需求的一些主要因素进行分析。居住建筑
{"title":"Construction","authors":"R. Fairhead","doi":"10.4324/9780429347085-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429347085-8","url":null,"abstract":"/CONSTRUCTION activity of all types increased ^-^ moderately in 1937 in spite of a marked decline in public construction expenditures. The decline in public activity was due largely to curtailment of the Federal public works program. Private construction expenditures moved up more than a billion dollars last year, the largest relative increases being recorded by factory building and public utility construction. During 1936, increases in both public and private construction contributed to the gain made over 1935. Although construction activity has risen steadily since 1934, the total volume for the past year was only about two-thirds of the average annual volume during the period from 1923 to 1930. The fluctuations in private, public, and total activity since 1915 are shown in figure 14. In the past, construction appears to have been a comparatively constant portion of total durable-goods activity. This is true despite the wide year-to-year fluctuations, which appear to be larger than those for any other industry of comparable magnitude. Over the 14-year period 1919 to 1932, construction volume was 46 percent of total durable-goods activity, according to estimates by the National Bureau of Economic Research. In recent years construction activity has been at depressed levels, but it still accounts for a considerable portion of the reduced volume of durablegoods production. The volume of construction activity from year to year is affected by a number of factors; foremost among these are the influences arising from economic, social, and governmental forces. In the following brief discussion, which emphasizes the developments of the last few years, the fluctuations in this important industry will be analyzed in terms of some of the major factors influencing the demand for various types of works and structures. Residential Building","PeriodicalId":107472,"journal":{"name":"Information Exchanges","volume":"37 10 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125732797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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